Abstract: A method for locating a clock fault includes that a network device locates a clock fault source based on whether first frequency offsets between a plurality of input clocks and a local clock exceed a frequency offset threshold, or based on whether second frequency offsets between the input clocks exceed a relative frequency offset threshold.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, applicable to the communication field, and in particular, to scheduling terminal devices corresponding to different bandwidth sizes or different capabilities. The method includes: A terminal apparatus receives first indication information from a network apparatus. The terminal apparatus receives target system information and/or target downlink control information from the network apparatus on a target frequency domain resource, where a bandwidth size of the target frequency domain resource is less than or equal to a bandwidth size supported by the terminal apparatus, and the target downlink control information is used to schedule the target system information.

Abstract: There is provided a wireless communication system for transmitting periodic data from a first device to a plurality of second devices by wireless communication comprising: a first wireless device connected to the first device; and a plurality of second wireless devices connected to the plurality of second devices, respectively, wherein the first wireless device includes a first wireless portion and a first control portion, the second wireless device includes a second wireless portion and a second control portion, and the first control portion and the second control portion synchronize the first wireless device and the plurality of second wireless devices when a time until the first wireless device receives a response from the second wireless device after the first wireless device has transmitted the periodic data from the first device is equal to or less than a set value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying change sequence information in a wireless LAN system are proposed. In detail, an STA receives a DTIM beacon frame and a beacon frame from a first AP. The STA decodes the DTIM beacon frame in a first awake state and decodes the beacon frame in a second awake state. Both the DTIM beacon frame and the beacon frame include a CUF and a CSN. When a significant update of a second AP occurs, a value of the CUF is changed from 0 to 1 until transmission of a next DTIM beacon frame, the value of the CUF is changed from 1 to 0 after the transmission of the next DTIM beacon frame, and the CSN includes updated information. The updated information is decoded in the second awake state regardless of the value of the CUF.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for performing wireless communication by a first device. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving a plurality of sidelink-synchronization signal blocks (S-SSBs) from a plurality of synchronization sources, wherein each of the plurality of S-SSBs includes a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS), and a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH); selecting any one of the plurality of synchronization sources on the basis of a reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with each of the plurality of S-SSBs and a sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) ID associated with each of the plurality of S-SSBs; performing synchronization on the basis of the S-SSB associated with the selected synchronization source; and transmitting a PSCCH or PSSCH to a second device on the basis of the synchronization.

Abstract: A method of a user equipment (UE) for controlling a signal comprises receiving configuration information for enabling or disabling a signal transmission, receiving a first physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) conveying a first downlink control information (DCI) format, decoding the first DCI format, determining whether the first DCI format is correctly decoded; and transmitting the signal or suspending a transmission of the signal according to the configuration information when the first DCI format is not correctly decoded.

Abstract: Techniques, described herein, include solutions for managing hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) processes and communications for non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) (e.g., a wireless communication network that includes a satellite network component). A user equipment (UE) may connect to an NTN and determine hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) capabilities regarding NTNs. The UE may also communicate a HARQ disablement message to the NTN and communicate with NTN without HARQ procedures. The HARQ disablement message may provide the HARQ disablement capabilities of the UE and/or be a request for the network to disable HARQ. The HARQ disablement message may include a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message and may address HARQ disablement per logical channel identifier (LCID) or dedicated radio bearer (DRB).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a signal sampling method and apparatus, and an optical receiver. The method includes sampling a burst signal that is received according to a first sampling frequency to obtain a first sampling signal; sampling a preamble signal in the first sampling signal according to a second sampling frequency to obtain a second sampling signal; determining a phase difference between the burst signal and a local sampling clock corresponding to the first sampling frequency according to the second sampling signal; and interpolating the first sampling signal according to the phase difference to obtain a target sampling signal.

Abstract: Presented are a method by which a transmitting device performs channel switching between multi-links in a wireless local area network (LAN) system, and a device. Particularly, the method comprises the steps of: transmitting multi-link channel switching capability information to a receiving device, wherein the multi-link channel switching capability information includes information related to whether the transmitting device can perform channel changing between multi-link channels; transmitting a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) to the receiving device through a first link; transmitting a multi-link channel change signal to the receiving device through the first link; and transmitting the PPDU to the receiving device through a second link.

Abstract: Wireless communications systems and methods related to communicating information are provided. A method of wireless communication performed by a first sidelink user equipment (UE) may include receiving, from a second sidelink UE, an indicator indicating a tracking reference signal (TRS) periodicity, receiving, from the second sidelink UE, a TRS based on the TRS periodicity, acquiring time and frequency synchronization with the second sidelink UE based on the TRS, and receiving a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) communication based on the time and frequency synchronization with the second sidelink UE.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a next generation wireless communication system for supporting a higher data transfer rate and the like beyond 4th generation (4G) wireless communication systems. Provided according to various embodiments are a method for transmitting/receiving a signal in a wireless communication system and a device supporting same, and various other embodiments may also be provided.

Abstract: Long-term evolution assisted new radio initial access and mobility for 5G or other next generation networks are provided herein. A method can include transmitting, by a first network device of a wireless network and comprising a processor, a first timing synchronization signal and first acquisition information of the first network device to a mobile device. In response to the transmitting and based on a transmission received from the mobile device, a connection between the mobile device and a radio resource control of the wireless network can be facilitated. In addition, in response to the mobile device determining the location of the second timing synchronization signal based on the data indicative of the location of the second timing synchronization signal, the second network device can transmit, to the mobile device, the second timing synchronization signal and second acquisition information of the second network device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for determining timing of resources in an integrated access and backhaul, IAB, node (200). In one example, a method (1300), is performed by an integrated access and backhaul, IAB, node (200), the method comprising: determining (s1302) one or more timing offset for a time resource, the offset being in relation to a mobile termination, MT, and a distributed unit, DU, resource of the IAB node, and providing (s1304) to a parent IAB node (300), information related to the one or more timing offset of the IAB node.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to a method for synchronizing a specific node connected to a plurality of other nodes. The method comprises receiving a respective synchronization quality value for a transmitting other node. The method also comprises measuring a respective propagation medium quality value with the transmitting other node. The method further comprises updating a specific synchronization reference of the specific node, whereby the updating comprises assigning to a respective contribution of the transmitting other node a respective weight of the transmitting other node, the respective weight being a function of the respective synchronization quality value of the transmitting other node and of the respective propagation medium quality value with the transmitting other node. The method also comprises revising a specific synchronization quality value and emitting to a receiving other node the revised specific synchronization quality value.

Abstract: Provided are a transmission configuration method and apparatus, a communication node, a communication device and a computer-readable storage medium. The method includes steps described below, a communication node determines a downlink signaling indication for indicating a transmission configuration of a communication device, where the downlink signaling indication includes transmission state information, and the transmission state information includes correction indication information; and the communication node sends the downlink signaling indication.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) may transmit signaling that includes an indication of a resource block set configuration to one or more sidelink UE, the resource block set configuration based at least in part on a type of sidelink communications to be performed and from a set of available resource block set configurations that comprises at least a minimum overlapping frequency resource block set configuration. The UE may perform the sidelink communications with the one or more sidelink UE according to the resource block set configuration.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods performed by an integrated access backhaul (JAB) node configured for operation in an IAB network. Such methods include receiving, from an upstream node in the IAB network, first timing offset information related to communications between the IAB node and the upstream node. Such methods include transmitting a downlink (DL) signal to one or more downstream nodes in the IAB network. The DL signal is transmitted according to a DL transmission timing determined from the following: the IAB node's DL reception timing of a DL signal received from the upstream node; and a second timing value determined based on a first function of the first timing offset information, when the first function of the first timing offset information is greater than a threshold. Other embodiments also include IAB nodes configured to perform such methods.

Abstract: The present application relates to devices and components including apparatus, systems, and methods for carrier aggregation operations in wireless communication systems.

Abstract: A time synchronization process may include receiving a time sensitive network (TSN) configuration creation request that includes an identifier of a target user equipment (UE) and a trigger condition. The request is transmitted by an application function entity (AF). A TSN authorization request is transmitted to a unified data management entity (UDM) and is used for requesting the UDM to transmit, after confirming authorization, a TSN activation request to an access and mobility management function entity (AMF) registered by the target UE. Control signaling used for performing a TSN time synchronization operation is transmitted to the target UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a time synchronization method and apparatus, a computer-readable medium, and an electronic device. The time synchronization method includes: receiving a triggering delivery service request message transmitted by an application function (AF) entity, the triggering delivery service request message including an identifier of a target user equipment and a time sensitive network (TSN) trigger container, the TSN trigger container being used for indicating a TSN time synchronization trigger condition; and transmitting a submission triggering message to a short message service-service center (SMS-SC), the submission triggering message being used for requesting the SMS-SC to transmit a short message including the TSN trigger container to the target user equipment, to enable the target user equipment to perform a TSN time synchronization operation based on the TSN trigger container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication terminal and a wireless communication method for efficiently scheduling uplink multi-user transmission. To this end, provided are a base wireless communication terminal, including: a transceiver configured to transmit and receive a wireless signal; and a processor configured to control an operation of the transceiver, wherein the processor selects an access category for transmitting a trigger frame which solicits an uplink multi-user transmission, performs a backoff procedure for transmitting the trigger frame based on the selected access category, and transmits the trigger frame when a backoff counter of the backoff procedure expires and a wireless communication method using the same.

Abstract: A time-point synchronization apparatus (10) includes a time-point management unit (144), a time-gap counter (145), and a time-gap calculation unit (142). The time-point management unit (144) manages an apparatus time point equivalent to a current time point. The time-gap counter (145) records a time gap which is a different between a time point indicated in reception information and the apparatus time point. When a frequency in the time-gap counter (145), corresponding to the time gap corresponding to a latest reception time point corresponding to latest reception information is treated as the highest among all of frequencies indicated in the time-gap counter (145), the time-gap calculation unit (142) synchronizes the apparatus time point to the latest reception time point.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transmitter, a receiver and methods of operating a transmitter and a receiver. In one embodiment, the transmitter includes a synchronization unit configured to provide a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal having first and second segments. The transmitter also includes a secondary scrambling unit configured to provide a scrambled secondary synchronization signal, wherein scrambling agents for the first and second segments are derived from a primary synchronization sequence of the primary synchronization signal. The secondary scrambling unit is further configured to provide an additional scrambling of one of the first and second segments, wherein a second scrambling agent is derived from the remaining segment of a secondary synchronization sequence of the secondary synchronization signal.

Abstract: According to the method and the apparatus, a first device generates a first synchronization sequence and/or a second synchronization sequence, where the first synchronization sequence is different from any sequence of a third synchronization sequence set, and/or the second synchronization sequence is different from any sequence of a fourth synchronization sequence set. The method and the apparatus may be applied to V2X, LTE-V, V2V, an internet of vehicles, MTC, the IoT, LTE-M, M2M, the internet of things, and the like.

Abstract: A video decoding method according to this document includes deriving a first candidate intra prediction mode based on a first neighboring block located on a left side of a current block, deriving a second candidate intra prediction mode based on a second neighboring block located on an upper side of the current block, constructing a most probable mode (MPM) list for the current block based on the first candidate intra prediction mode and the second candidate intra prediction mode, deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the MPM list, generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode, and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a clock distribution method and apparatus in a network. The method performed at a first clock distribution apparatus comprises: determining (S101) whether the first clock distribution apparatus is in a lock state; and transmitting (S102), to a second clock distribution apparatus, a first announce message when the clock distribution apparatus is not in the lock state; wherein the first announce message is generated based on a default configuration about a local clock state of the first clock distribution apparatus. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the clock distribution apparatus may generate first announce messages based on a local clock state of the clock distribution apparatus. Thus, a downstream apparatus which receives the first announce messages may avoid selecting an unstable/unlocked clock distribution apparatus as the best master, based on the local clock state of the clock distribution apparatus.

Abstract: A method and a device for wireless communication are disclosed. The base station transmits a first radio signal on first frequency-domain resources in a first time window, and then transmits a first signaling. The center frequency of the first frequency-domain resources is a first frequency; the first frequency-domain resources comprise X subcarrier(s); a center frequency of a first carrier to which the first frequency-domain resources belong is a second frequency; an interval between the first frequency and the second frequency in frequency domain is related to a subcarrier spacing of the X subcarrier(s); the first signaling is used to determine a feature ID of a transmitter of the first radio signal in the first carrier. The present disclosure can independently configure the center frequency of a carrier and the center frequency of a user equipment to avoid resource waste and reduce synchronization complexity.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive synchronization messages from a public cell that indicates synchronization information. The UE may input information received from the one or more synchronization messages into one or more functions provisioned at the UE to derive a set of control resources associated with a private cell. The UE may monitor the set of control resources to receive encrypted system information from the private cell. The UE may decrypt the system information of the private cell by deriving a cell specific broadcast key associated with the private cell. In some examples, the UE may derive the cell specific broadcast key based on the one or more functions provisioned at the UE. As such, the UE may transmit to the private cell via the set of control resources a random access message indicating successful decryption of the system information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for wireless communication that support resource selection and indication for sidelink demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling. A transmitting UE determines sidelink resources for bundling a sidelink DMRS transmission to be transmitted to a receiving UE. In sidelink mode 1, the sidelink resources may be determined based on indications from a base station, which may include whether the transmitting UE is to maintain phase continuity over the sidelink resources during the bundling, or whether the transmitting UE is to include a phase jump reference signal with the bundled DMRS transmission to the receiving UE. In sidelink mode 2, the transmitting UE may select the sidelink resources based on the phase continuity capabilities of the transmitting UE and/or of the receiving UE, and/or based on a sensing of the sidelink channel. In some cases, the receiving UE may provide a resource recommendation to the transmitting UE.

Abstract: The present application is related to a method and apparatus for resource allocation for EMBB/URLLC in 3GPP 5G technology. A method for resource allocation performed by abase station (BS) includes: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), signaling indicating non-available resource on a carrier, wherein the non-available resource is reserved for a specific type of communication; and transmitting, to the UE, an indicator indicating allocated resource for transmitting data on the carrier, wherein the allocated resource includes at least part of the non-available resource.

Abstract: One or more methods of operating an access node. At least one of the methods includes: detecting a capability indication that indicates a capability of a user equipment (UE) to simultaneously receive and transmit (Rx/Tx) on a first component carrier (CC1) and a second component carrier (CC2); and scheduling, based at least on the capability, a first UE activity to occur over the CC1 and a second UE activity to occur over the CC2 to avoid a collision in a time-domain by prioritizing one of the first UE activity or the second UE activity relative to the other one of the first UE activity or the second UE activity.

Abstract: A random access method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: a terminal device obtains a position of the terminal device and a position of a network device, the terminal device determines a time adjustment value based on the position of the terminal device and the position of the network device, and the terminal device sends a random access preamble based on the time adjustment value and a random access channel (RACH) resource configured by the network device. Based on this solution, the terminal device may determine the time adjustment value based on the position of the terminal device and the position of the network device, and adjust a time for sending the random access preamble on the RACH resource. This helps avoid a problem that random access preamble receiving time windows overlap, thereby increasing a success rate of accessing the network device by the terminal device.

Abstract: A method for indicating a timing advance (TA) is provided. The method includes when a terminal includes at least two subscriber identification modules (SIMs), providing a TA of a first SIM of the at least two SIMS to at least one second SIM of the at least two SIMS for using.

Abstract: A clock port attribute recovery method includes a network device setting a value of a port attribute of a clock port of the network device to a first value based on the clock port not receiving any one of three types of clock messages: N synchronization messages, follow-up messages, and delay response messages within a timeout interval, where the first value indicates that a message is lost on the clock port. Based on a case that a recovery condition is met, the network device sets the value of the port attribute of the clock port to a second value, where the second value indicates that a status of the clock port is that the message is not lost.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a UE transmits, at a first time during a measurement window for positioning purposes, a first uplink reference signal in accordance with a first timing adjustment parameter, wherein the first time is offset from a downlink frame time of a base station by an amount of the first timing adjustment parameter, determines whether to use a second timing adjustment parameter, transmits, in response to the determination to use the second timing adjustment parameter, at a second time during the measurement window, a second uplink reference signal in accordance with a second timing adjustment parameter, wherein the second time is offset from the downlink frame time of the base station by an amount of the second timing adjustment parameter, and transmits a report indicating that the second timing adjustment parameter has been applied to at least the second uplink reference signal.

Abstract: Provided are an information sending method and apparatus, an information receiving method and apparatus, a base station, a terminal, and a communication system. The base station sends uplink transmission configuration information to the terminal. The uplink transmission configuration information includes configuration information of an uplink channel resource and/or configuration information of a downlink control channel search space. Information carried in a downlink control channel of the downlink control channel search space includes downlink control information (DCI). In this manner, the terminal can detect the DCI sent by the base station and a downlink transmission between the base station and the terminal is implemented. Therefore, through the indication of the uplink transmission configuration information, information transmission can be smoothly implemented no matter whether the terminal is in an RRC-CONNECT state or an RRC-IDLE state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for transmitting data. In one aspect, a method of transmitting data comprises identifying a start of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) frame, identifying CPRI data blocks of the CPRI frame, and transmitting the CPRI data blocks of the CPRI frame in slots of a FlexE calendar of a Flex Ethernet physical layer group (FlexE PHY group).

Abstract: Methods, wireless devices (WD), and network nodes are disclosed. For example, there is disclosed a network node configured to communicate with a wireless device in a cell. The network node is further configured to, and/or includes a radio interface and/or includes processing circuitry configured to communicate a timing advance offset to the wireless device for adjusting the uplink transmission relative to the downlink reception in the cell. The timing offset is based on the timing offset used by another wireless device in another cell to adjust the timing of uplink transmission relative to the downlink reception timing. Furthermore, the cells are configured to operate using TDD configurations.

Abstract: Systems, procedures, and instrumentalities are disclosed for synchronizing a signal burst, signal design, and/or system frame acquisition. A synchronization signal (SS) block or burst may be received. The SS block or burst may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and/or a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). A first cell ID may be determined and/or a plurality of SSS sequences may be generated. An m0 value (e.g., a first cyclic shift) may be determined from a set of m0 values, for example, based on the generated plurality of SSS sequences. An n1 value (e.g., a second cyclic shift) may be determined from a set of n1 values. A second cell ID may be determined, for example, based on the m0 value and the n1 value. A third cell ID may be determined, for example, based on the second cell ID and the first cell ID.

Abstract: A wireless communication device (12) conditions its use of Preconfigured Uplink Resources (PUR), as preconfigured by a wireless communication network (16), on assessing the validity of a Timing Advance (TA) value used by the device (12) for controlling its uplink transmission timing. The device (12) maintains a timer (37) and deems the TA value to be invalid upon expiration of the timer (37). In an example case, a device (12) operating in idle mode performs a PUR-based transmission in dependence on the timer (37) not being expired. A radio network node (10) of the network (16) maintains a like timer (57), to maintain an awareness of TA validity at the device (12) and, for example, sends an updated TA for the device (12) upon receiving a PUR-based transmission from the device (12). The device (12) and the node (10) may refresh their respective timers, in association with the TA update.

Abstract: A base station distributed unit may transmit a timing advance command for a timing advance group to a wireless device. The base station distributed unit may start a time alignment timer for the timing advance group of the wireless device in response to the transmission of the timing advance command. The base station distributed unit may determine expiration of the time alignment timer. The base station distributed unit may transmit a first message to a base station central unit. The first message may indicate the expiration of the time alignment timer for the timing advance group of the wireless device.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure relate to a wireless communication method and a terminal device. The method includes: detecting, by a terminal device, a first type of Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) at a frequency on an asynchronous raster; determining, by the terminal device, a frequency domain position of a Control Resource Set (CORESET) of Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI) associated with the first type of SSB based on the first type of SSB.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for using an offset between a synchronization signal block and a resource block grid. The method may include receiving, by a user device, a synchronization signal (SS) block comprising a synchronization signal and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), determining, from the PBCH, a value of a subcarrier offset between the SS block and an RB grid, determining, based on the value of the subcarrier offset and a frequency location of the SS block, the RB grid, and decoding, based on the determined RB grid, one or more of a reference signal, a control channel, or a data channel.

Abstract: A method for operating a communications controller includes selecting a search space configuration out of a set of candidate search space configurations for a user equipment served by the communications controller, wherein the search space configuration specifies one or more search spaces to be monitored out of a set of search spaces, and signaling the selected search space configuration to the user equipment.

Abstract: A user equipment includes circuitry which selects a random access preamble sequence, and a transmitter which transmits the random access preamble sequence to a base station in a frequency bandwidth of an unlicensed band, and performs at least one of a first operation and a second operation. In the first operation, the circuitry selects a first sequence as the random access preamble sequence, the first sequence having a length longer than a length of a random preamble sequence used for a licensed band, and the transmitter transmits the first sequence in the frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed band. In the second operation, the circuitry selects a second sequence as the random access preamble sequence, the second sequence having a length equal to the length of a random preamble sequence used for the licensed band, and the transmitter transmits the second sequence with repetitions in the frequency bandwidth of the unlicensed band.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a participant of a communication system, wherein the communication system communicates wirelessly in a frequency used by a plurality of communication systems, wherein the participant is configured to transmit data uncoordinatedly with respect to other participants and/or a base station of the communication system, wherein the participant is configured to receive a synchronization data packet of a point-to-multipoint data transfer of the base station of the communication system, wherein the synchronization data packet is transferred in a frequency range of the frequency band of the communication system that is specified or known to the participant, wherein the participant is configured to receive, on the basis of the synchronization data packet, a payload data packet of the point-to-multipoint data transfer that is referenced in time and/or frequency to the synchronization data packet.

Abstract: Simultaneous dual band operation (2.4 and 5 GHz) is common in APs on the market today, and tri-band devices are expected in the market soon. Link aggregation can also be applicable to multiple air interfaces in the same band (for instance 2 independent IEEE 802.1 lac/ax air interfaces at 5 GHz on 2 different 80 MHz channels). One exemplary aspect provides technology that enables significantly higher throughput and/or higher reliability for two stations (STAs) or a STA and the access point (AP) when the devices support simultaneous multi-band operation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a time synchronization method, UE, base station, device, and computer readable storage medium, wherein the time synchronization method includes receiving indication information, the indication information being used to indicate propagation delay between the UE and a base station and/or time information of a time sensitive network (TSN); determining a time granularity of one bit of the indication information; and performing TSN time synchronization according to the indication information and the time granularity of one bit of the indication information. The present application achieves more accurate time synchronization of a time sensitive network (TSN).

Abstract: According to one aspect, a method includes obtaining, at a first unit, a first signal, and storing an indication of an arrival time of the first signal in a register of the first unit. The method also includes obtaining a digital signal to be provided to a controller area network (CAN) circuit system, the CAN circuit system being included in the first unit, adding the indication to the digital signal, wherein adding the indication to the digital signal creates an updated digital signal, and providing the updated digital signal to the CAN circuit system.

Abstract: A method of a user equipment (UE) for controlling reference signal in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises receiving, from a base station (BS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of a physical broadcasting channel (PBCH) over a downlink channel and determining resources to be used for the DMRS of the PBCH. A pseudo-noise (PN) sequence that is mapped to the resources to be used for the DMRS of the PBCH is generated by a base station (BS). The PN sequence is generated based on an initial condition including a physical cell identification (ID) and timing information comprising at least one of an index of synchronization signal block (SSB) or an index of a half frame within a frame based on a carrier frequency range. The index of SSB comprises at least one of a partial or whole index of SSB.