Abstract: A communication device performs a first backoff operation to determine when the communication device can begin a first simultaneous transmission via multiple channel segments. The first backoff operation includes counting down a first backoff timer in connection with a first channel segment. In response to the first backoff timer expiring, the communication device performs the first simultaneous transmission via the multiple channel segments. After performing the first simultaneous transmission via the multiple channel segments, the communication device performs a second backoff operation to determine when the communication device can begin a second simultaneous transmission via the multiple channel segments. The second backoff operation includes counting down a second backoff timer in connection with a second channel segment. In response to the second backoff timer expiring, the communication device performs the second simultaneous transmission via the multiple channel segments.

Abstract: Systems and method are disclosed herein that relate to support for virtual Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) bridge management, Quality of Service (QoS) mapping, and TSN related scheduling in a cellular communications system. In some embodiments, a method performed by one or more network nodes of a cellular communications system operating as a virtual TSN bridge of a TSN network comprises providing, to a controller associated with the TSN network, parameters that relate to capabilities of the virtual TSN bridge. The parameters that relate to the capabilities of the virtual TSN bridge comprise a first parameter that defines a clock accuracy of an entity in the cellular communications system that operates gating control for the virtual TSN bridge and a second parameter that informs the controller associated with the TSN network that the virtual TSN bridge or a particular egress port of the virtual TSN bridge is restricted to exclusive gating.

Abstract: In a fronthaul network system, when a CPRI link fault is detected at either of the REC or RE, both the REC and RE perform a Layer 1 synchronization. The fault may be a loss of signal, loss of frame, or a line code violation, which also translates to a loss of signal if seen beyond a threshold. A proxy slave recognizes the fault in a CPRI signal from a first radio device and inserts the fault alarm into a header of a radio over Ethernet frame. The proxy slave continues to communicate the signal for a configured number of hyper-frames. A proxy master receives the signal and communicates the signal and the fault alarm to a receiving radio device for a configured number of hyper-frames. The proxy and radio devices all perform a joint resynchronization.

Abstract: A group of radio network nodes (14) performs automatic synchronization source selection using Radio-interface Based Synchronization, based on the exchange of clock-attribute information between respective nodes (14) via inter-node connections. Access to the clock-attribute information for other nodes (14) in the same domain or subdomain allows a given node (14) to select the best or most preferred synchronization source for use in synchronizing its own clock (44), based on a combined or joint evaluation of parameters or metrics that include the reception quality of OTA signals from respective ones of the candidate nodes (14) and the corresponding clock-attribute information. Further parameters or metrics may be evaluated in the selection, such as neighbor-relation considerations. The combined use of OTA synchronization signaling and clock-attribute information exchanges, e.g.

Abstract: In embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is provided for managing a communication channel between a first communication unit and a second communication unit in an AP. At the first communication unit, a request is transmitted to the second communication unit for reserving a communication channel. Here, the second communication unit is associated with a Wi-Fi network that is different from a network type associated with the first communication unit, and the first and second communication units share a band of the communication channel. A response for reserving the communication channel is received from the second communication unit. In accordance with a determination that the response indicates the communication channel has been reserved for a time duration, data is transmitted at the first communication unit within the time duration on the communication channel. Therefore, conflicts between the first and second communication units in the AP may be reduced.

Abstract: Uplink messages in 5G and 6G are expected to arrive at the base station in alignment with the base station's resource grid, at the proper time and frequency. Disclosed are lean procedures and compact timing signals that can enable user devices to maintain synchronization with a base station's resource grid. Shaped timing signals are disclosed that, when measured by a receiver, can indicate whether the receiver's clock is synchronized with the transmitter's clock, or is in disagreement, and in which direction, and by how much. The receiver thereby determines the clock error by amplitude measurements only, since the timing signal is configured to convert the timing error into a readily determined amplitude value, which the receiver can quantify using normal amplitude-demodulation procedures. The receiver's amplitude resolution corresponds to the time resolution achievable. No special time-measurement signal processing is required. No synchronization messages or other legacy overhead are required.

Abstract: A method in a User Equipment (UE) for control of Bandwidth Part (BWP) switching. The method includes determining that the UE has an active configured grant in a non-default BWP; and refraining from switching from the non-default BWP to a default BWP while the configured grant is active.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for avoiding conflicts of resources assigned to one or more signals with resources assigned to Random Access Channel (RACH) in an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) network. Configurations for first and second sets of signals are obtained for a first and second base station (BS) respectively. Based on the obtained configurations, a RACH configuration is determined for the first BS for performing a RACH procedure with the second BS over a wireless backhaul link, wherein one or more Physical RACH (PRACH) occasions according to the determined RACH configuration do not conflict with resources used for at least one of the first or the second set of signals. The determined RACH configuration is communicated to the second BS, wherein the second BS transmits a RACH signal to the first BS based on the determined RACH configuration.

Abstract: Implementations disclosed describe numerous techniques and systems facilitating synchronous actions in wireless networks that have a central device (CD) and multiple peripheral devices (PDs) communicating wirelessly with the CD. The CD communicates one or more messages to the PDs and various PDs determine, using communicated messages, a time of a synchronous action to be performed by the PDs. The synchronous action includes an interaction of a respective PD with one or more associated devices communicatively coupled with the PD. Upon completion of the synchronous action, the PDs may transmit data generated by the PDs, or by the one or more associated devices, in connection with the synchronous action.

Abstract: A UE is configured to determine a set of parameters associated with receiving the SSBs, the set of parameters including a first parameter bitmap associated with a serving cell, a second parameter bitmap associated with the neighbor cell, and the SMTC. The UE is configured to determine a search window for searching the received SSBs based on the SMTC and at least one of the first parameter bitmap or the second parameter bitmap. The UE may measure the SSBs searched during the determined search window and send measurement results associated with at least a subset of the measured SSBs to the base station. The UE may also prune measurements to generate the measurement results by removing measurements associated with SSBs received in slots that are not indicated to expect SSBs, based on the first parameter bitmap, the second first parameter bitmap, or the SMTC.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide mechanisms for band-dependent configuration of synchronization signal transmission, as well band-dependent synchronization signal designs. The band-dependent configuration and design may help optimize certain transmission parameters (such as antenna ports and transmission power) to current operating bands.

Abstract: Example synchronization signal sending and receiving methods and apparatus are described. In one example method, a terminal device determines a target frequency resource. A frequency domain position of the target frequency resource is determined based on a frequency domain position offset and a frequency interval of synchronization channels. The terminal device receives a synchronization signal by using the target frequency resource.

Abstract: A method of wireless communications by a transmitting sidelink user equipment (UE) includes transmitting a sidelink synchronization signal (SL-SS) within a sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB). The SL-SS has an SL-SS pattern with a reduced number of physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) symbols, which may be zero PSBCH symbols. The method also includes receiving transmission in accordance with the SL-SS. The SL-SS may be transmitted at a time and/or frequency different from a legacy SL-SS.

Abstract: An uplink transmission methods and apparatuses to reduce a probability that a collision between a user equipment (UE) and another UE occurs when the UE sends uplink data, thereby improving network performance are described. A plurality of different preamble signals are sent to a network device by a user equipment (UE). A feedback signal of the network device in response to the plurality of preamble signals is received by the UE. The feedback signal in response to each preamble signal carries a timing advance (TA) corresponding to the preamble signal. A valid TA is determined by the UE from the plurality of received TAs. A parameter used for uplink transmission is determined by the UE based on a feedback signal carrying the valid TA or a preamble signal corresponding to the valid TA. Uplink data are sent according to the parameter by the UE.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to techniques for supporting narrowband device-to-device wireless communication, including possible techniques for performing discovery in an off grid radio system. According to some embodiments, a wireless device may determine a number of synchronization signal repetitions to use for a narrowband device-to-device transmission. The wireless device may perform the transmission, including transmitting the determined number of synchronization signal repetitions. The transmission may include an indication of the number of synchronization signal repetitions used in the transmission.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed that allows for uplink resource reuse. A user device is provided an uplink resource for a first data type. If the user device does not have enough data of the first data type to fill the granted uplink resource, the user device fills the granted uplink resource with a second data type.

Abstract: Embodiments of a User Equipment (UE), Evolved Node-B (eNB) and methods for communication in accordance with a packet convergence and link control (PCLC) layer are generally described herein. The UE may receive, from a Fifth Generation (5G) eNB, a first group of medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) that include PCLC PDUs. In accordance with PCLC sequence numbers (SNs), the UE may reorder the PCLC PDUs and may decipher the PCLC PDUs. The UE may receive, from a legacy eNB, a second group of MAC PDUs that include packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) PDUs encapsulated in radio link control (RLC) PDUs. The UE may reorder the RLC PDUs based on RLC SNs and may decipher the RLC PDUs based on PDCP SNs that are exclusive to the RLC SNs.

Abstract: A control node is disclosed for operating in a network with shared spectrum. The control node may include one or more processors configured to execute program code to identify a spectrum allocation policy; implement a rejection strategy for managing contention-based access to a shared channel by one or more transmitters based on the identified spectrum allocation policy; and transmit or trigger transmission of a transmission request rejection in response to a transmission request by a first transmitter of the one or more transmitters according to the rejection strategy.

Abstract: A first portion of a physical layer (PHY) preamble of a PHY data unit is generated for transmission via a communication channel that comprises a plurality of sub-channels. A first portion of the PHY preamble is generated to include a legacy portion and a plurality of first non-legacy signal fields spanning the respective sub-channels. A second portion of a PHY preamble that immediately follows the first portion of the PHY preamble of the PHY data unit is generated to include: a non-legacy short training field spanning all sub-channels in the plurality of sub-channels, a plurality of non-legacy long training fields immediately following the non-legacy short training field, each non-legacy training field spanning all sub-channels in the plurality of sub-channels, and a second non-legacy signal field immediately following the plurality of non-legacy long training fields, the second-legacy signal field spanning all sub-channels in the plurality of sub-channels.

Abstract: Various embodiments herein provide techniques for user equipment (UE) behavior and delay requirements in case of spatial relation information change for an uplink signal, such as a sounding reference signal (SRS), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In one example, the UE determines a delay time period from receipt of a message that indicates spatial relation information for uplink transmission. The delay time period includes a decoding time period and a UE processing and preparation time period. The UE transmits an uplink signal using the indicated spatial relation information after expiration of the delay time period.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a UE transmits, at a first time during a measurement window for positioning purposes, a first uplink reference signal in accordance with a first timing adjustment parameter, wherein the first time is offset from a downlink frame time of a base station by an amount of the first timing adjustment parameter, determines whether to use a second timing adjustment parameter, transmits, in response to the determination to use the second timing adjustment parameter, at a second time during the measurement window, a second uplink reference signal in accordance with a second timing adjustment parameter, wherein the second time is offset from the downlink frame time of the base station by an amount of the second timing adjustment parameter, and transmits a report indicating that the second timing adjustment parameter has been applied to at least the second uplink reference signal.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may detect a synchronization signal block (SSB) within a discovery reference signal (DRS) transmission window that includes more than 64 candidate SSB positions; determine an index value of the SSB based at least in part on an indexing scheme for SSBs that are included in the DRS transmission window, wherein the indexing scheme includes one of a consecutive indexing scheme or a non-consecutive indexing scheme; and determine a cell timing based at least in part on the index value. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: A method for determining timing information in an optical communication link includes transmitting a falling edge from a transceiver positioned at a near end of the optical communication link and simultaneously starting a first timer at the transceiver positioned at the near end of the link. The transmitted falling edge is received at a transceiver positioned at a far end of the link. A falling edge is transmitted from the transceiver positioned at the far end of the link after a response delay. The transmitted falling edge is received at the transceiver positioned at the near end of the link while the first timer is simultaneously terminated at the transceiver positioned at the near end of the link and the elapsed time is recorded. The total link delay is determined based on the elapsed time.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for User Equipment (UE) Timing Advance (TA) reporting in a wireless communication system. The UE can appropriately trigger the TA report with the different configurations by system information (e.g., for Random Access (RA) procedure, for TA report during RA, etc.) and dedicated signaling (e.g., for Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected mode, for event-triggered TA report, etc.). A method for a UE in a wireless communication system can comprise receiving a first configuration of TA report, receiving a second configuration of TA report, and determining whether to trigger a second TA report upon receiving the second configuration based on whether a first TA report has been transmitted to a serving cell.

Abstract: Provided is a precoding method for generating, from a plurality of baseband signals, a plurality of precoded signals to be transmitted over the same frequency bandwidth at the same time, including the steps of selecting a matrix F[i] from among N matrices, which define precoding performed on the plurality of baseband signals, while switching between the N matrices, i being an integer from 0 to N?1, and N being an integer at least two, generating a first precoded signal z1 and a second precoded signal z2, generating a first encoded block and a second encoded block using a predetermined error correction block encoding method, generating a baseband signal with M symbols from the first encoded block and a baseband signal with M symbols the second encoded block, and precoding a combination of the generated baseband signals to generate a precoded signal having M slots.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for synchronizing oscillators. A system can include a plurality of oscillators comprising at least a first oscillator and a second oscillator. The system can also include a plurality of antennas comprising at least a first antenna and a second antenna. Further, the system can include a first oscillator synchronizer coupling the first oscillator to the first antenna. The first oscillator synchronizer can be operative to perform a first synchronization of a first time base of the first oscillator to a second time base of the second oscillator based on a first mutual coupling signal. The first mutual coupling signal can represent a first interaction between the first antenna and the second antenna.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to beam selection. An example method generally includes selecting, from a plurality of beams, a beam for transmission during a particular time interval within a time window, the selecting being based on a transmission power and a radio frequency (RF) exposure for each of the plurality of beams and transmitting at least one signal using the selected beam during the particular time interval.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for coverage enhancement information indication via wake-up signaling. An example method generally includes obtaining a message, the message including: a first field including at least one wake-up indication bit associated with a user equipment (UE) and a second field including coverage information associated with at least one downlink channel. The method may also include monitoring for the at least one downlink channel based, at least in part, on the message.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are related to coordinating communication among a first access point, a first station device, a second access point, and a second station device. In one aspect, the second access point receives, from the first access point, a first beacon of the first access point at a first beacon transmission time. The first beacon may indicate an offset between the first beacon transmission time of the first beacon and a first data transmission time of the first access point for communication between the first access point and a first station device. In one aspect, the second access point may determine, according to the offset, a second data transmission time of the second access point to be distinct from the first data transmission time of the first access point. The second access point may communicate with a second station device, according to the second data transmission time.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for generating information indicating a synchronization signal (SS) block. A method comprises: determining a frequency resource associated with a wireless device; determining, by a base station and based on the determined frequency resource, whether to add or omit a first bitmap indicating a plurality of groups in which at least one synchronization signal (SS) block is transmitted: generating, based on the determining to add the first bitmap, system information comprising a parameter comprising: the first bitmap; and a second bitmap indicating a position of one or more transmission SS blocks in each of the plurality of groups; and transmitting, based on the position, the one or more transmission SS blocks each comprising a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and a synchronization signal.

Abstract: An embodiment may comprise: transmitting, by a user device in a low activity state a type of the low activity state being according to an anchor access node, a random access message to a network node providing a target cell of a cell reselection. The method may also comprise, in response to receiving a random access response for the random access message from the network node providing the target cell, transmitting, to the network node providing the target cell, a radio connection reactivation request, the reactivation request comprising an indication of an anchor access node of the user device. The method may also comprise, in response to the radio connection reactivation request, receiving a radio connection reactivation message indicating a radio connection reactivation to the anchor access node as a logical link associated with a radio link provided by the target cell of the cell reselection or receiving an inactivation message.

Abstract: [Object] To provide innovation with respect to which synchronization signal a communication device uses to conduct a synchronization process. [Solution] Provided is a communication device including: a selection unit configured to select a synchronization signal from respective synchronization signals received from two or more other devices on a basis of origin information that is acquired by communication with another device and that indicates an origin of a synchronization signal used for acquisition of synchronization timing in the other device; and a synchronization processing unit configured to acquire synchronization timing using the synchronization signal selected by the selection unit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are drawn to a computer-implemented process for automatically synchronizing TXOPs for a multi-link device (MLD) to improve wireless network performance and prevent IDC. The novel process can be performed by a multi-link device performing a multi-link operation, and the multi-link device can act as a wireless access point or a wireless station. Independent EDCA channel access can be performed at the multi-link device on a first wireless link and a second wireless link, and a back-off counter for a first wireless STA and a back-off counter for a second wireless STA are set according to the independent EDCA channel access. A TXOP is synchronously obtained on the first wireless link and the second wireless link responsive to the back-off counters expiring, and a multi-link operation is performed at the MLD using the first wireless link and the second wireless link during the TXOP.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for scrambling initialization indication for higher bands are described. For example, a user equipment (UE) may receive a synchronization signal block (SSB) from a base station, the SSB including a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a data payload, and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). The UE may identify a first part of a cell identifier (ID) of the base station, a second part of the cell ID, or both, indicated in a sequence of the DMRS, indicated in the data payload, or a combination thereof. The UE may monitor for a message from the base station based on identifying the cell ID.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for wireless communications, and more particularly, to detecting data inactivity and expediting recovery action. A method that may be performed by a user equipment (UE) includes maintaining at least one inactivity timer to detect when uplink or downlink data transfer between the UE and network has stalled and expediting one or more recovery actions if the inactivity expires due to one or more conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for generating information indicating a synchronization signal (SS) block. A method comprises: determining a frequency resource associated with a wireless device; determining, by a base station and based on the determined frequency resource, whether to add or omit a first bitmap indicating a plurality of groups in which at least one synchronization signal (SS) block is transmitted: generating, based on the determining to add the first bitmap, system information comprising a parameter comprising: the first bitmap; and a second bitmap indicating a position of one or more transmission SS blocks in each of the plurality of groups; and transmitting, based on the position, the one or more transmission SS blocks each comprising a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and a synchronization signal.

Abstract: A terminal is disclosed including a receiver that receives a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block including a synchronization signal (SS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH); and a processor that determines a control resource set based on configuration information in a configuration information set of a plurality of configuration information sets, the configuration information set being associated with information based on the SS/PBCH block, the configuration information being associated with a value of a field in the PBCH, and the configuration information including a plurality of parameters regarding the control resource set. In other aspects, a radio communication method and a base station are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method performed by a User Equipment (UE) for managing Time Alignment (TA) for Uplink (UL) transmissions between the UE and a network node in a wireless communications network. The network node serves a cell comprising at least a first UL carrier (111) and a second UL carrier (112). The UE is configured (502) with a first TA configuration for the first UL carrier (111) in the cell. The UE is further configured (503) with a second TA configuration for the second UL carrier in the cell. The UE then activates (504) at least one of the first and second TA configuration for the UE.

Abstract: A method at a first device for synchronising a first clock of the first device to a second clock of a second device, includes receiving a first message comprising an identifier from a third device; generating a first timestamp in dependence on the time at which the first message is received at the first device according to the first clock; receiving a second message from the second device comprising the identifier and a second timestamp, the second timestamp having been generated in dependence on the time at which the second device received the first message from the third device according to the second clock; and adjusting the first clock in dependence on a time difference between a time indicated by the first timestamp and a time indicated by the second timestamp.

Abstract: A temporal correlation may be determined between times specified according to different time standards on different storage network components. A host system may poll a storage system periodically. In response to each poll request, the storage system may respond with the current time on the storage system (CST) according to the time standard of the storage system. The host system may store temporal correlation information (TCI) associating the CST and the current time on the host system (CHT) according to the time standard of the host system. A data structure (TCT) may be provided, where each entry may specify TCI for a CST/CHT pair, the TCI including the CST, CHT and other information corresponding to the temporal correlation between the pair. The TCI may be used to correlate the time of a phenomenon according to the host system time standard to a time according to the storage system time standard.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for blind frequency synchronization.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for processing a preamble sequence and header for a data packet, comprising the following steps of: using a bit sequence of a fixed pattern to replace a scrambled pseudo-random bit sequence in a SYNC field in the preamble sequence, and spreading the SYNC field by a Barker code; extending a length of a spreading code and spreading an SFD field in the preamble sequence by the extended spreading code; and extending a length of a spreading code and spreading a header field by the extended spreading code. The present invention may significantly improve the performance of reception and detection for the preamble sequence (the SYNC field and the SFD field) and the PLCP header field, better overcome long-distance channel conditions, enhance the signal stability of transmission; and meanwhile the present invention is easy to implement and only requires little modifications to the circuit of a conventional Wi-Fi device.

Abstract: A method of controlling communications within a wireless communications network is provided. The method comprises in advance of transmitting the data by a child node to a donor node, configuring, by one of the donor node and a parent node, a Buffer Status Report, general BSR timer for the child node, the general BSR timer being common and synchronised among at least a subset of a plurality of infrastructure equipment, receiving, at the parent node, subsequent to expiry of the general BSR timer, a signal comprising a BSR from the child node indicating an amount of uplink data that the child node has ready to transmit to the parent node, and scheduling, by the parent node, in accordance with the BSR received from the child node, communications resources of the backhaul communications link to the child node in which the child node is to transmit the uplink data.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) can include processing circuitry configured to decode downlink control information (DCI) from a base station, the DCI including a modulation coding scheme (MCS) index and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) allocation. A demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) is encoded for transmission to the base station within a plurality of DM-RS symbols based on the PUSCH allocation. A phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) time domain density is determined based on the MCS index and a number count of the DM-RS symbols for the DM-RS transmission. The PT-RS is encoded for transmission using a plurality of PT-RS symbols based on the determined time domain density. The plurality of symbols includes one or both of front-loaded DM-RS symbols and additional DM-RS symbols.

Abstract: Cellular (e.g., LTE or UMTS) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based technologies can provide ubiquitous and seamless synchronization solution for LTE-based vehicle to everything (V2X) or Proximity Services synchronization (ProSe) services. For example, by using joint GNSS timing references and LTE cellular network timing references for V2X or ProSe system synchronization benefits of using GNSS technologies to improve synchronization procedure for LTE based V2X or ProSe services can be enabled, including: (1) accurate and stable timing, (2) availability of a global and stable timing reference and (3) ability to propagate GNSS timing by user equipment having sufficient GNSS signal quality.

Abstract: A base station distributed unit receives, from a wireless device in a radio resource control (RRC) non-connected state, one or more transport blocks via a periodic resource. The base station distributed unit determines an absence of communication with the wireless device. The base station distributed unit sends, to a base station central unit, one or more messages indicating release of the periodic resource based on the absence of communication.

Abstract: A method includes, at a first node: transmitting a first calibration signal at a first time-of-departure measured by the first node; and transmitting a second calibration signal at a second time-of-departure measured by the first node. The method also includes, at a second node: receiving the first calibration signal at a first time-of-arrival measured by the second node; and receiving the second calibration signal at a second time-of-arrival measured by the second node. The method further includes: defining a first calibration point and a second calibration point in a set of calibration points, each calibration point comprising a time-of-departure and a time-of-arrival of each calibration signal; calculating a regression on the set of calibration points; and calculating a frequency offset between the first node and the second node based on the first regression.

Abstract: In one aspect, an apparatus is described that includes a transparent pane having a first surface and a second surface. An electrochromic device is arranged over the second surface that includes a first conductive layer adjacent the second surface, a second conductive layer, and an electrochromic layer between the first and the second conductive layers. The apparatus further includes at least one conductive antenna structure arranged over the second surface.

Abstract: A configuration to enable a UE to switch beams of respective CCs based on certain factors (e.g., RTD or TCI states), and not switch the beams simultaneously. The apparatus receives, from a base station, a transmission including an indication to change at least one of a TCI state for multiple CCs, a spatial relation for the multiple CCs, or a PL RS for the multiple CCs. The apparatus switches beams in response to the transmission, where timing of the switching is based on a grouping of the multiple CCs.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a synchronization method, user equipment, and a base station. The synchronization method includes: obtaining, by user equipment, synchronization information, where the synchronization information includes at least one of the following information: synchronization source selection parameter information, synchronization source indication information, or synchronization source priority information; receiving, by the user equipment, a first synchronization signal sent by at least one synchronization source; and determining, by the user equipment, a synchronization reference source according to the synchronization information and the first synchronization information.