Abstract: A method is disclosed that enables the avoidance of a processor overload of a telecommunications endpoint device that is susceptible to traffic floods. An enhanced network switch sets the speed on one of its data ports as a specific function of the speeds of the devices that are connected to one or more of its other data ports. This behavior is different from that of network switches in the prior art, in which the data rate of a port in the prior art is auto-negotiated to the highest speed that can be supported by the network elements at either end of the port's connection, regardless of the other devices present. By considering the specific devices that are connected, the enhanced network switch is able to limit the amount of traffic that is directed by an upstream device, such as a router, towards a device with limited processor capability, such as a packet-based phone.

Abstract: A method of using a point-to-point (P2P) label switched path (LSP) to transmit multicast data packets partially through a multiprotocol label switched (MPLS) network when one or more label switched routers (LSRs) of the MPLS are not multicast label distribution protocol (mLDP) enabled. The P2P LSP can be used to transmit multicast data packets to the head end of a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) LSP created with mLDP enabled LSRs. The P2MP LSP can be used to transmit the multicast data packets through the MPLS network to intended receivers that are external to the MPLS network. When configuring the P2MP LSP, an mLDP enabled LSR receives a first message from a non-mLDP enabled MPLS core router in response to sending a label mapping message to the non-mLDP enabled MPLS core router. In response, a directed LDP session is created between the mLDP enabled LSR and an edge LSR in one embodiment in response to receiving the first message from an MPLS enabled core router.

Abstract: A method for enabling network elements (NEs) operating at a bit rate R1 to communicate with NEs operating at a bit rate R2 is described. A ratio of R2 to R1 is represented by a ratio M:N, M and N are positive integers, and M>N.

Abstract: The invention provides multicast communication using distributed topologies in a network. The control nodes in the network build a distributed topology of processor nodes for providing multicast packet distribution. Multiple processor nodes in the network participate in the decisions regarding the forwarding of multicast packets as opposed to multicast communications being centralized in the control nodes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a method and system for call admission control and preemption of multiple bit-rate applications in a digital communication system. Multiple bit-rate applications such as streaming video can specify a Quality of Service (QoS) profile having multiple levels. When there are insufficient resources in the network to support an incoming multiple bit-rate call, the system determines whether, by reducing the bit-rate of the incoming call or by preemption of lower priority components of existing calls, enough resources can be recovered to support the incoming call.

Abstract: Device detection is performed by using a second detection unit which uses unicast transmission with a destination address being changed in addition to a first detection unit which uses broadcasting/multicasting. When unicast transmission can be normally performed, detection using the first detection unit is performed to determine whether broadcasting/multicasting at this point of time can be performed. In addition, the first or second detection unit is selected or the processing order of the first and second detection units is changed in accordance with the permission/inhibition determination result.

Abstract: A network device includes at least one first network port, at least one second network port, a MUX unit and a switching unit. The MUX unit is connected to the at least one first network port. The MUX unit includes a trunk circuit and an output. The trunk circuit is configured to aggregate data packets received at the at least one first port into a trunk group and to output trunked data packets to the output. The switching unit is connected to the output of the MUX unit and to the at least one second network port. The switching unit is configured to switch the trunked data packets to the at least one second network port.

Abstract: Methods and systems for transmitting data are presented. Data received from at least one data source is retained in at least one buffer. In one example, initial hierarchical data may be provided from the at least one buffer to a device, followed by additional hierarchical data. In one example, the data is received into the at least one buffer via a multicast connection, and the data is provided to the device via a point-to-point connection.

Abstract: The invention discloses a network aggregation system, apparatus and method for creating aggregated network connections to provide high availability and increased throughput where the plurality of network connections may possess diverse physical and logical characteristics. Increased throughput on the aggregated network connection equals the sum of the available throughput on the aggregated network connections. Aggregation is performed in a transparent fashion, independent of any physical or logical characteristics of the individual connections. Network connectivity over the aggregated connection is managed such that the loss or gain of connectivity in an individual connection among the aggregated group does not result in the loss of data from the data stream aggregation device.

Abstract: A physical layer interface for a switch. The physical layer interface includes an auto-negotiation circuit, a transceiver, and a serial interface. The auto-negotiation circuit is configured to negotiate a first data transmission rate with a network client. The transceiver is configured to communicate with the network client at the data transmission rate. The serializer interface is configured to communicate with a media access controller (MAC) at a second data transmission rate that is different than the first data transmission rate.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described in which a plurality of network switches automatically configure themselves to operate as a single virtual network switch. A virtual switch is a collection of individual switch devices that operate like as single network switch. As described herein, network switches in a network that are capable of participating in a virtual switch may automatically discover one another. The participating network switches may then elect one of the participating switches as a master switch. The master switch may generate forwarding information and store the forwarding information in the participating switches, including the master switch. The forwarding information causes the participating switches to act like a single network switch.

Abstract: Provided are repetition apparatus and method for repeatedly transmitting and receiving a data packet using different puncturing patterns to overcome signal attenuation and fading in a high speed mobile environment by repeatedly transmitting the duplicated information bit sequences with parity bits having a different puncturing pattern after channel-encoding the duplicated information bit. The repetition apparatus for repeatedly transmitting a data packet, includes a dual data generator for generating duplicated information bit sequences identical to each of information bit sequences to transmit, a channel encoder for dividing each of the duplicated information bit sequences into a plurality of information bits, and generating coded data packets alternately having a plurality of parity bits according to different puncturing patterns for each of the divided information bits, and a transmitter for transmitting the generated coded data packets sequentially.

Abstract: A network control apparatus and network control method is provided. The network control apparatus including: a content addressable memory receiving to store a plurality of addresses which are generated by at least one master intellectual property, determining whether data corresponding to each of the plurality of stored addresses is received, and generating a determination signal; and a packet decoder transmitting each of the plurality of stored addresses and the data corresponding to each of the plurality of stored addresses to a slave intellectual property according to the determination signal. Accordingly, a multiple address issue function can be supported.

Abstract: A method for enabling network elements (NEs) operating at a bit rate R1 to communicate with NEs operating at a bit rate R2 is described. A ratio of R2 to R1 is represented by a ratio M:N, M and N are positive integers, and M>N.

Abstract: Creating a low-bandwidth channel in a high-bandwidth channel. By taking advantage of extra bandwidth in a high-bandwidth channel, a low-bandwidth channel is created by inserting extra packets. When an inter-packet gap of the proper duration is detected, the extra packet is inserted and any incoming packets on the high-bandwidth channel are stored in an elastic buffer. Observing inter-packet gaps, minimal latency is introduced in the high-bandwidth channel when there is no extra packet in the process of being sent, and the effects of sending a packet on the low-bandwidth channel are absorbed and distributed among other passing traffic.

Abstract: A network interface controller and network interface control method comprising providing a single integrated circuit as a network interface controller and employing a plurality of network interface cores on the single integrated circuit.

Abstract: A time-shared network comprising edge nodes and optical core nodes may be dynamically divided into several embedded networks, each of which covering selected edge nodes. At least one of the edge nodes may host an embedded-network controller operable to form multiple-source flow-rate allocation requests each of the requests specifying flow-rate allocations to a plurality of paths from several source nodes to several sink nodes. A core node may also host an embedded-network controller or several embedded-network controllers. The time-shared network may use both time-division multiplexing and burst switching.

Abstract: A system and method in accordance with the present invention allows for an adapter to be utilized in a server environment that can accommodate both a 10 G and a 1 G source utilizing the same pins. This is accomplished through the use of a high speed serializer/deserializer (high speed serdes) which can accommodate both data sources. The high speed serdes allows for the use of a relatively low reference clock speed on the NIC to provide the proper clocking of the data sources and also allows for different modes to be set to accommodate the different data sources. Finally the system allows for the adapter to use the same pins for multiple data sources.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for removing noise contained within a usable frequency band of a mobile communication terminal. The apparatus includes a multiplier for multiplying a main clock of the mobile communication terminal by a predetermined integer to generate a reference signal; a multiplexer for multiplexing parallel signals, the parallel signals being transmitted to a peripheral device inside the mobile communication terminal, using the reference signal, and converting the parallel signals into serial signals; a demultiplexer for demultiplexing the serial signals to convert the serial signals into parallel signals; and a frequency divider for recovering the reference signal of the serial signals transmitted from the demultiplexer into the main clock.

Abstract: The routing of data streams is discussed, and particularly routing one or more incoming streams to one or more output destination ports. The ability to merge incoming streams is discussed so that several low bit rate input packet streams can be merged into a higher bit rate output stream. An assignment data structure identifies for each input stream the or each destination to which it is to be routed, and a packet allocation data structure holds information about the packets and information about the destination of the packets to allow a memory holding the packets to be controlled accordingly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transceiving multiple service data from multiple communication services to a SONET/SDH communication system or network is provided. A SONET/SDH universal framer (SURF) bidirectionally provides communication between a SONET/SDH communication port and multiple service communication ports using their native data format. A provisioning register stores provisioning information describing the communication system and the communication ports. A SONET/SDH byte engine processes complex hierarchical SONET/SDH frames storing intermediate states when it changes to process a byte of data of a different STS-1 equivalent frame in a SONET/SDH STS-N frame. A service byte engine processes the multitude of service data formats and generally its intermediate states are restored, processed, and saved when it changes to process a different data stream or a different frame of data of a given service.

Abstract: Techniques for minimizing signal loss in transit are described. Data signals lose their strengths while traveling across conductive passages such as cooper wire, cooper strip, Printed Circuit Board (PCB), etc. There are two major factors that affect the signal loss: the distance and the speed. To minimize signal loss while maintaining higher rate data signals for I/O, substantially lower rate data signals are used in transit between two interfaces over a signal path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for reducing a transmission rate for retransmission of a current frame in a wireless communication system. The reduced transmission rate increases the probability that the current frame is correctly transmitted and acknowledged. The transmission rate is progressively reduced for the current frame to avoid the expiration of the frame's retry count, while not affecting the transmission rate of subsequent frames. The next frame should be transmitted at the highest rate permitted by the signal quality. A disclosed retry count expiry avoidance algorithm increases the reliability of a retransmission by lowering the transmission rate for the current frame when an acknowledgement is not received. When an acknowledgement is not received, the transmitting station proceeds to a retransmitting state where the transmitting station first attempts to retransmit the frame at the same rate.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for real-time traffic classification based on off-line determined traffic classification rules are provided. Traces of real traffic are obtained and subjected to statistical analysis. The statistical analysis identifies the multidimensional domain space of characteristic traffic parameters. Classification rules associated with the identified domains are derived and provided to traffic classification points for real-time traffic classification. Traffic classification points, typically edge network nodes, sample packets in aggregate streams with a predetermined probability. Statistical information regarding the sampled flows is tracked in a table, the number of time a flow was sampled providing a probabilistic measure of the flow's duration before the flow terminates. The table entries, which predominantly track high bandwidth flows, are subjected to the classification rules for real-time classification of the sampled flows.

Abstract: A device and method of high-speed transmission is disclosed. The method includes computing a signal quality of a received signal, the received signal being transmitted with a modulation order required by a default transmission modulation format. The signal quality is compared with a signal quality threshold required of the default transmission modulation format. If the signal quality is below the signal quality threshold, an indication of a level of signal quality failure is provided to a transmitter. The transmitter sets a number of un-coded bits within the transmission signal based upon the level of signal quality failure.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described in which a plurality of network switches automatically configure themselves to operate as a single virtual network switch. A virtual switch is a collection of individual switch devices that operate like as single network switch. As described herein, network switches in a network that are capable of participating in a virtual switch may automatically discover one another. The participating network switches may then elect one of the participating switches as a master switch. The master switch may generate forwarding information and store the forwarding information in the participating switches, including the master switch. The forwarding information causes the participating switches to act like a single network switch.

Abstract: The backpressure mechanism and method described here do not completely shut off the traffic when a queue is experiencing congestion. Instead of completely shutting off the traffic and waiting for the effects, a series of backpressure pulses are sent to the upstream stage for intermittently slowing the traffic between the upstream and downstream stages. These pulses of backpressure effectively slowly down the rate of the ingress traffic to the queue to a rate less than the egress rate. This allows queue utilization to slowly decrease. These pulses continue as long as the queue utilization is above a threshold called “Starving Threshold”. This technique allows much lower queue utilization, thus requiring smaller queues sizes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided to perform a time multiplexing logic in a module, are provided including identifying a driving flop and a receiving flop in the module, receiving a modified input signal, and identifying a worst case timing path for the modified input signal to transmit from the driving flop to the receiving flop. The time multiplexing logic of the apparatus and method further identifies a predetermined point of the worst case timing path, and inserts a logic unit at the predetermined point allowing the time multiplexing logic circuit to process and output the modified input signal at a maximum frequency.

Abstract: A system that indicates which frame should next be removed by a scheduler from flow queues within a network device, such as a router, network processor, and like devices, is disclosed. The system includes a search engine that searches a set of calendars under the control of a Finite State Machine (FSM), a current pointer and input signals from array and a clock line providing current time. The results of the search are loaded into a Winner Valid array and a Winner Location array. A final decision logic circuit parses information in the Winner Valid array and Winner Location array to generate a final Winner Valid Signal, the identity of the winning calendar and the winning location. Winning is used to define the status of the calendar in the calendar status array selected as a result of a search process being executed on a plurality of calendars in the calendar status array.

Abstract: Disclosed is a UGMII system to interface multirate devices including 10 gigabit per second data exchange rates. Mode selection is enabled to provide for automatic detection and adaptation to any transmit rate including 10M, 100M, 1G, and 10G. Mode selection comprises the negotiation between the UGMII extension sublayers located at the MAC and PHY to select between one of several operational modes including: XGMII communication, GMII encapsulation, Clause 22 MDIO register management and Clause 45 MDIO register management. Selection of UGMII and XGMII operating modes are negotiated between the MAC and PHY using ordered sets to announce and acknowledgement a mode change. In one embodiment 802.3 Clause 46 defined ordered sets are utilized.

Abstract: A system operable to communicate time-division multiplexed information and asynchronous transfer mode cells includes a primary rate switching fabric operable to receive a first plurality of transport signals and to switch the first plurality of transport signals at a first level, a sub-rate switching fabric operable to receive a second plurality of transport signals carrying time-division multiplexed information and to switch the second plurality of transport signals at second level that is a more granular level than the first level, and an asynchronous transfer mode switching fabric operable to receive a third plurality of transport signals carrying asynchronous transfer mode cells, and to switch asynchronous transfer mode cells among the third plurality of transport signals carrying asynchronous transfer mode cells.

Abstract: An optical transmission network is inherently asynchronous due to the utilization of a variable overhead ratio (V-OHR). The network architecture makes extensive use of OEO regeneration, i.e., deals with any electronic reconditioning to correct for transmission impairments, such as, for example, FEC encoding, decoding and re-encoding, signal reshaping, retiming as well as signal regeneration. The optical transmission network includes a plesiochronous clocking system with intermediate nodes designed to operate asynchronously with a single local frequency clock without complicated network synchronization schemes employing high cost clocking devices such as phase locked loop (PLL) control with crystal oscillators and other expensive system components.

Abstract: A point-to-multipoint network interface is provided that is simpler and less costly to implement than conventional Ethernet switches. The interface includes a plurality of downstream transmitters for transmitting data packets to a plurality of end user devices, a plurality of downstream receivers for receiving data packets from the plurality of end user devices, an upstream transmitter and an upstream receiver. A multiplexer within the interface multiplexes data packets received from the end user devices into a stream of data packets for transmission to a higher level node regardless of the destination address of the data packets. Conversely, a demultiplexer within the interface demultiplexes a stream of data packets received from the higher level node into individual data packets for selective transmission to one of the plurality of end user devices. The interface can support asymmetrical transmission rates on the upstream and downstream channels between the interface and the end user devices.

Abstract: A variable size first in first out (FIFO) memory is disclosed. The variable size FIFO memory may include head and tail FIFO memories operating at a very high data rate and an off chip buffer memory. The off chip buffer memory may be, for example, of a dynamic RAM type. The off chip buffer memory may temporarily store data packets when both head and tail FIFO memories are full. Data blocks of each of the memories may be the same size for efficient transfer of data. After a sudden data burst which causes memory overflow ceases, the head and tail FIFO memories return to their initial functions with the head FIFO memory directly receiving high speed data and transmitting it to various switching element and the tail FIFO memory storing temporary overflows of data from the head FIFO memory.

Abstract: The communication terminal apparatus measures reception quality and reports the measurement result to the base station apparatus, and the base station apparatus switches the transmission rate based on the reported result of the reception quality. In this way, the transmission rate is switched starting at the point in time at which the reception quality of the communication terminal apparatus deteriorates. Furthermore, the transmission rate is switched so that the amount of interference with others is within the allowable range according to the channel condition between the communication terminal apparatus and base station apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dynamic port updating that shares a resource which includes a configurable number of groups where each group has a configurable resource share size and a controller which chooses which group are active and the share size of the resource each active group is to have. The controller modifies which groups are active and the share size of the resource of each active group during operation of the apparatus without affecting or stopping the operation of the apparatus. The method includes the steps of the controller choosing which groups are active and a share size of the resource each active group is to have. There is the step of modifying with the controller which groups are active and the share size of the resource of each active group during operation of the apparatus without effecting or stopping the operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: A voicemail header is modified to provide caller ID information in connection with the delivery of voice mail. The header may include an audible alert signal as is used in call waiting to alert a caller ID box in the customer's premises that caller ID information follows. The caller ID information is then delivered as FSK signaling information for display on the caller ID display.

Abstract: A method controls access of a user to a network including a plurality of hosts coupled together through a network switch. The method includes storing in the network switch an enhanced access control list containing data related to at least one of user names, DNS names, domain names, and physical addresses. A dynamic access control list is generated from the enhanced access control list, with the dynamic access control list containing a plurality of IP addresses that restrict access of the user to the network.

Abstract: A method for enabling network elements (NEs) operating at a bit rate R1 to communicate with NEs operating at a bit rate R2 is described. A ratio of R2 to R1 is represented by a ratio M:N, M and N are positive integers, and M>N.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generic interface, packet cut-through, overbooking, queue concatenation, and logical identification priority for a System Packet Interface device have been disclosed.

Abstract: In a network of a variable length packet system, a bps calculator colors an inputted packet based on a peak bandwidth or a committed bandwidth of a data bit number per unit time for every flow and a packet length of the inputted packet, a pps calculator colors the inputted packet based on a peak bandwidth or a committed bandwidth of a packet number per unit time for every flow and a packet number of the inputted packet, and one of a color of packet to be discarded, a color of packet to be passed and a color of packet to be discarded with a probability, within the colors obtained by colorings at both calculators is determined by a color selector.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an interconnect device (e.g., a switch) includes an interface operably coupled to an interconnect logic capable of reducing inter-packet gaps in packet -based input/output communications. Based on, at least in part, a packet attribute associated with an inbound packet, the interconnect logic may determine an indication of transfer grant which may be issued in conjunction with a packet relay request, sending packet attribute information in advance of the packet attribute.

Abstract: A method for transporting fibre channel (FC) traffic over a packet-switched communication network includes identifying a sub-sequence of repetitive FC signals in a first sequence of FC words accepted over a FC link from a source FC device. The first sequence of FC words is translated into a second sequence of data packets in accordance with a communication protocol supported by the packet-switched communication network. The second sequence includes a repetition indication packet that identifies the sub-sequence of repetitive FC signals. The second sequence of the data packets is transported to a receiver over the packet-switched communication network using the communication protocol.

Abstract: A system for optimizing network bandwidth based on subscription rates from a plurality of requestors is disclosed as including a provider that provides provider data. The system also includes a first requestor that has requested the provider data at a first subscription rate and a second requestor that has requested the provider data at a second subscription rate. The second subscription rate is higher than the first subscription rate. The system further includes a plurality of intervening access nodes. Each intervening access node includes request information specifying any provider data being sent through the intervening access node and a corresponding subscription rate. The plurality of intervening access nodes are configured to decrease the rate to an adjacent node when a requestor decreases a requestor subscription rate such that all the rates along a common transmit path from the provider to an end requestor are optimized to maximize available bandwidth.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving topology data that indicates multiple communication links and multiple intermediate network nodes in communication based on the communication links. The intermediate network nodes include multiple leaf nodes that terminate communications and multiple transit nodes that facilitate the passage of information between leaf nodes. Aggregation point data is also received, which indicates all aggregation points on the intermediate network nodes. An aggregation point is an interface between a network node and a communication link, through which is output data that is a combination of data received through multiple different interfaces upstream of the interface. A set of paths is determined for which each path in the set connects a different pair of leaf nodes. A measure of aggregation is determined based on a number of aggregated paths of the set of paths. An aggregated path passes through an aggregation point.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical network unit of an access network for converging broadcast/telecommunication by employing IEEE 1394. The optical network unit processes the broadcast data and the communication data delivered from the optical line terminal according to each corresponding subscriber and delivering the broadcast data and the communication data to each corresponding subscriber.

Abstract: Based on PIDs registered in a necessary-PID table, a second TS-packet extracting section extracts necessary packets from a second TS. Based on packets registered in the table, a detecting section detects unnecessary-packet areas in a first TS. A TS-packet overwriting section overwrites the extracted necessary packets to unnecessary-packet areas in the first TS, performs multiplexing thereof, and thereby generates a CTS, which is common to the TSs. Thereby, while a broadcast program in the first TS is viewed, image-recording of a broadcast program in the second TS can be performed. Since the configuration can be made using a separating section, a decoder, a digital interface, and the like for handling single-system TSs, reduction in the cost and size can be implemented.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an arrangement providing a better utilization of the bus buffer memory in a data node, e.g. a switch. By using one scheduler on both sides of the switch and one timer for each output and input lines in an inventive way for transferring data to and from the time slot buses in the switch, the memory recourses therein are utilized in a more optimal way, also the present invention. Also, by setting up the scheduler parameters in a special way it is possible to obtain very short delays through the TDM switch. The present invention allows for both structured modus (bytes in transfer on the time slot buses are made identifiable) with constant delay and dependent timing, and for unstructured modus with minimum delay and both independent and dependent timing. This contributes to make the invention very useful and unique.

Abstract: A method of aggregating a plurality of packet based communication channels is provided by the system. The communication channels connect two common endpoints, and aggregation devices are present at each endpoint to implement an aggregation policy. The system provides a dynamic aggregation system where an aggregation policy is employed on a per packet flow basis. Packet flows can be classified by application type, so that an appropriate aggregation policy can be used for packets belonging to the flow. The selected aggregation policy is used for each flow within the aggregation devices at each endpoint.

Abstract: A method to implement an address pool is described. The method collects at least one address, the at least one address originally assigned as a unique address to at least one physical interface of a computer. Each originally assigned address is modified to be a plurality of modified addresses. The plurality of modified addresses is organized as an address pool. A selected modified address from the pool is assigned as a unique address for the pool. The selected modified address is used in contacting the computer in response to receiving a message addressed to an address of the pool.