Abstract: A packet-switched WDMA ring network has an architecture utilizing packet stacking and unstacking for enabling nodes to access the entire link capacity by transmitting and receiving packets on available wavelengths. Packets are added and dropped from the ring by optical switches. A flexible credit-based MAC protocol along with an admission algorithm enhance the network throughput capacity.

Abstract: A network processing unit includes a first table, a forwarding table, and a processor. The first table includes a first entry for a network, including a network aging, which includes the network processing unit. The forwarding table includes a second entry associated with a network entity which includes an indication of whether network traffic associated with the entity has been encountered in the current or previous network aging period. The processor is configured to receive an indication from a hardware timer that a hardware aging cycle has ended, and then determine whether the network aging period has ended. If so, the processor is configured to determine for a first network entity in the forwarding table whether traffic associated with the entity has been encountered in the current or previous network aging period. If not, then the processor is configured to remove the given first network entity from the forwarding table.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distribution device in the subscriber access area, comprising two changeover devices two switching matrices a DSLAM having associated splitter modules and at least one controller. The first changeover device includes m inputs, m first outputs and m second outputs, with a first and a second output having one associated changeover element by means of which an associated input can be selectively connected to the first or to the second output. The second changeover device includes m first inputs, m second inputs and m outputs, with a first input and a second input having one associated changeover element by means of which an associated output can be selectively connected to the first or to the second input. The controller switches the first and second changeover devices and switching matrices.

Abstract: Link-level data communications implemented in switching apparatus comprising modular switches disposed within a modular computer cabinet that includes modular computer systems; the switching apparatus configured as two layers of switches, the first layer switches coupled to one another for communications by inter-switch links, each second layer switch coupled for communications to the modular computer systems; all the switches stacked by a stacking protocol that shares administrative configuration information among the switches through the inter-switch links and presents all the switches as a single logical switch; the switching apparatus including ports coupling the apparatus to networks and to service applications and terminating applications on the modular computer systems; and sending the packet from network to modular computer system to which the packet is directed, or from modular computer system to network to which the packet is directed, the packet traversing none of the inter-switch links among the f

Abstract: A method of handling multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) data reception on multiple component carriers for a mobile device in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The mobile device has a maximum component carrier capability indicating the maximum number of component carriers accessible for the mobile device. The method comprises the steps of receiving a broadcast message or a dedicated message sent by the network, obtaining information about the number of the component carriers configured for the MBMS data reception, from the broadcast message or the dedicated message, and sending a first message to inform the network of a component carrier capability indicating the number of the component carriers on which the mobile device is not configured by the network to receive the MBMS data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a network device in a computer network determines a plurality of attribute events that each represent a virtual local area network (VLAN) registration state of a respective VLAN of a plurality of VLANs in the computer network. The plurality of attribute events are grouped into a plurality of sets of two or more attribute events. For each set of two or more attribute events, an encoded value is computed for the set with an encoding algorithm that encodes the two or more attribute events of the set into a single encoded value. Each of the plurality of encoded values is loaded within an attribute structure of a protocol data unit (PDU) message, such that the plurality of encoded values that encompass the plurality of VLANs are included within the attribute structure of the PDU message. The PDU message is transmitted to one or more other network devices.

Abstract: A system and method for efficient distribution of streamed media content to large and diversely located client locations is provided whereby an intelligent distribution network (IDN) center manages the delivery of the streamed media to a plurality of clients. The IDN center determines the most efficient delivery route to each client by utilizing trace routes between the IDN center, IDN nodes, various transmission devices and the client. Once a ‘best performing’ IDN node and network link is determined, the IDN center directs the client to the ‘best’ node and instructs deliver of a content stream along the ‘best’ link. Upon receiving the streamed media, the ‘best’ node replicates the stream and delivers the media to the client. Additional clients may ‘piggyback’ off the initial content stream by obtaining a replication of the media from their ‘best’ nodes which are, or connected to nodes, already transmitting/receiving the initial content stream.

Abstract: A system and method of transferring packets/cells and messages within a switching apparatus that includes a plurality of input units, a packet/cell switch element, a message controller, and a plurality of output units. It is identified as to whether or not an item to be transferred from one of the input units or output units to another of the input units or output units is a message or a packet/cell. If the item to be transferred is a packet/cell, the packet/cell is transferred from one of the input units to one of the output units using links dedicated for packet/cell transfer and a packet/cell switch element. If the item to be transferred is a message, the message is transferred from one of the input units or output units to another of the input units or output units using links dedicated for message transfer and a message controller.

Abstract: A method for providing a wireless Internet connection to WiFi-enabled devices (STAs) comprising: wirelessly connecting a first STA to the Internet through a first AP with a first SSID; remaining connected to the first Access Point (AP), the first STA creates a software-based wireless AP with a second SSID for wirelessly connecting other STAs to the Internet through the first STA. A software module running on the first STA allows a second STA a wide access to the Internet only if the second STA has a copy of the software module running installed and active therein. A method for configuring STAs to connect to a wireless network, comprising: a customer first connects a STA by wire to its network; a software on the STA copies to the STA the security information gained through the wired connection, thus setting the security parameters for the STA.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for channel scanning. In one aspect, a method includes, while maintaining an association with a first access point on a first channel during first, second, and third consecutive time slices: (i) monitoring, by a client device, a single second channel during the first time slice and the third time slice, and (ii) monitoring, by the client device, the first channel during the second time slice; receiving a beacon from a second access point during the first time slice or the third time slice; and determining a property of the client device or the second access point using the beacon, without using the beacon to determine whether to establish an association with the second access point.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product for discovering network paths between network devices in a distance-vector network are provided. The method may include providing a node model of network devices in a distance-vector network. The node model may include a network address corresponding to a network device. The network address may be used to query the network device for routing information. This routing information may be used to identify another network address corresponding to a second network device, and to identify a path from the first network device to the second network device. These devices and the path therebetween may be mapped in the node model. Finally, the second network device may be queried for subsequent routing information to identify and map subsequent devices and paths.

Abstract: A method for location based address assignment for the distribution of traffic is provided that includes receiving a request for service from a host. A location of the host within a network environment is identified. A selected one of a plurality of gateway devices is assigned to service the host based on the location of the host within the network environment and the location of the selected one of the gateway devices within the network environment. A forwarding address associated with the selected one of the gateway devices is transmitted to the host for subsequent use by the host in forwarding network traffic.

Abstract: An Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) packet processing method, a communication system and a device are disclosed. The method includes: receiving an ARP packet, and judging the type of the ARP packet; when the ARP packet is an ARP request, responding to the ARP request if an entry corresponding to the ARP request is found in a local ARP table; and when the ARP packet is an ARP response, reporting the ARP response if an entry corresponding to the ARP response is found in the local ARP table and a reporting parameter in the entry indicates permission of reporting; or discarding the ARP response if no entry corresponding to the ARP response is found in the ARP table.

Abstract: Methods and systems for coding multicast information signals are disclosed. Signal transformations imposed by communication links with a plurality of receivers that are grouped into subsets of receivers can be determined. In addition, a coding design can be generated by employing dimension parameters that are related to achievable capacity rates of the subsets of receivers and are determined by constraining a sum of the dimension parameters to be less than or equal to a dimension of a union of subspaces of signal values that are receivable by the receivers. Output signals can be generated by applying the coding design to multicast information to compensate for the signal transformations. Further, the output signals can be transmitted to the plurality of receivers.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for managing matrices of connections within digital switching fabrics. The methods and systems include means for defining one or more of sources and sinks in a matrix of connections as one or more of unidirectional connection termination points and novel unidirectional virtual connection points, where each of the unidirectional virtual connection points is a logical object that is maintained in software that defines connections between one or more of network resources and logical objects.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for prioritizing source Media Access Control (MAC) address miss processing is described. In one embodiment of the invention, a network bridge receives multiple frames (each including a source MAC address) at multiple ports of multiple line cards. If a source MAC address of a received frame is associated with a different port than which it was received on, the network bridge places a source MAC miss message in a high priority MAC move miss queue. If a source MAC address of a received frame is not associated with any of the ports of the network bridge, the network bridge places a source MAC miss message in a low priority unknown MAC miss queue. The network bridge processes those source MAC miss messages in the high priority queue with a higher priority than processing those source MAC miss messages in the low priority queue.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system and a method for transmitting and receiving digital broadcast signal are disclosed. The method of receiving digital broadcast signal includes receiving a broadcast signal including data groups, wherein the data groups include mobile service data and signaling data including transmission parameter, wherein the transmission parameter includes a protocol version field identifying a first transmission mode or a second transmission mode, demodulating the broadcast signal, decoding the signaling data including a transmission parameter, decoding the mobile service data according to the transmission parameter included in the signaling data.

Abstract: In a radio access network, novel systems and methods reduce processing delay, and improve integration with IP networks, by separating user data from connection management and control data at a Node B or at a base station. The user data are routed to an IP (Internet Protocol) switch, whereas the connection management and control data are routed to a centralized radio network controller (RNC). Pursuant to a second embodiment of the invention, a centralized RNC provides improved radio resource management (RRM) functionality by handing all connection management and control data for a plurality of Node B's, thereby simplifying the switching of user data throughout the radio access network. Pursuant to a third embodiment of the invention, a smart IP switch is equipped to switch user data without core network (CN) involvement. Downlink user data are switched independently of uplink user data.

Abstract: Efficient and highly-scalable network solutions are provided that each utilize deployment units based on Clos networks, but in an environment such as a data center of Internet Protocol-based network. Each of the deployment units can include multiple stages of devices, where connections between devices are only made between stages and the deployment units are highly connected. In some embodiments, the level of connectivity between two stages can be reduced, providing available connections to add edge switches and additional host connections while keeping the same number of between-tier connections. In some embodiments, where deployment units (or other network groups) can be used at different levels to connect other deployment units, the edges of the deployment units can be fused to reduce the number of devices per host connection.

Abstract: A scalable packet switch possessing a multiport memory, a multiport memory manager, two or more input/output (I/O) ports, and two or more switch engines. Each switch engine is associated with one or more I/O ports, and is adapted to receive inbound packets and transmit outbound packets via the associated I/O ports. Inbound packets are stored in a shared packet buffer. Each switch engine is further adapted to (i) determine (i.e., bridge) the outbound I/O port(s) for received inbound packets by consulting a shared bridging table and (ii) schedule outbound packets for transmission, independently and in parallel with other switch engines. The shared packet buffer and shared bridging table are stored in the multiport memory and shared by all switch engines. The multiport memory manager allocates/de-allocates memory blocks within the multiport memory.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented to collect raw data from a plurality of servers and nodes on a network. A Distributed Enterprise Collection Bus (DECB) architecture is employed at various points on a network. The DECB comprises a collector unit that is protocol agnostic, an orchestration unit, a rule database, a filtering unit, and a distribution unit. Packets of raw data such as Call Detail Records (CDRs) generated by switching centers are received, and distributed to relevant destinations. Relevant destinations include data warehouses, mediation, analytics, etc. The goal is to alleviate collection and filtration duties of the source and destination.

Abstract: A subscriber network system is provided which is capable of reducing the response time and reducing the device cost. In the subscriber network system, a control cell is received that includes an ID portion, a data portion, and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) portion. The control cell is processed in cooperation with a virtual path identifier (VPI), where the processing obtains the ID portion and the CRC portion. The ID portion and the CRC portion are processed and the ID portion is compared to a first stored value and the CRC portion is compared to a second stored value to produce information. A cell is produced to include the information and the produced cell is used to facilitate a connection in a network.

Abstract: A method and system are provided that enhance human/machine communication so as to more closely approximate natural human/human communication by more effectively establishing communications links for human-interactive media. Specifically, the speed and quality of the connection are improved by the method and system, resulting in a more natural user experience. The method includes a communication system receiving a call request from a requestor. The communication system has a Connection Proxy (CP) and a plurality of Endpoints (EPs). The CP has an endpoint state table (EST) configured to store state information associated with each of the plurality of endpoints (EPs). Based on the call request, the CP selects an EP using the EST. If the selected EP accepts the requested communications link, the CP establishes a communications link that excludes the CP itself. The CP also updates the EST based on a response to the call request from the selected EP.

Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment, a data interface circuit is provided. The data interface circuit comprises data sources, input blocks, a space switch, output blocks and a multi-core processor. The data interface circuit allows data provided in different voltage ranges and sampling frequencies to be transmitted to the appropriate core in the multi-core processor via the switch. Data conversion elements in the input blocks convert data from the data sources and having varying voltage ranges and sampling frequencies into data having a voltage range and sampling frequency suitable for the space switch. Analogously, data conversion elements in the output blocks convert data from the space switch into data having a voltage range and sampling frequency suitable for the corresponding core in the multi-core processor. In one embodiment, level shifters and FIFO buffers are used in the input blocks and output blocks.

Abstract: A networked computing system is taught that may be operated as one or more provisioned servers, each of the provisioned servers including capabilities as identified by a corresponding set of specifications and attributes, according to various embodiments. Typically the specifications (or constraints) and attributes are specified with a Server Configuration File. The networked computing system may be provisioned into any combination and number of servers according to needed processing and I/O capabilities. Each of these servers may include distinct compute, storage, and networking performance. Provisioned servers may be managed similar to conventional servers, including operations such as boot and shutting down.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes sending a configuration signal to a virtual network switch module within a control plane of a communications network. The configuration signal is configured to define a first network rule at the virtual network switch module. The method also includes configuring a packet forwarding module such that the packet forwarding module implements a second network rule, and receiving status information from the virtual network switch module and status information from the packet forwarding module. The status information is received via the control plane.

Abstract: A distributed virtual chassis comprises scaled-out fabric coupler (SFC) boxes. Each SFC box has fabric ports and a cell-based switch fabric for switching cells associated with a packet among the SFC fabric ports of that SFC box. Distributed line cards (DLCs) include switching DLCs and an appliance DLC (A-DLC). Each switching DLC has network ports. Each switching DLC and A-DLC has DLC fabric ports. Each switching DLC and A-DLC is connected to each of the SFC boxes. The A-DLC provides an upper layer service for packets arriving on the network ports of the switching DLCs. To forward a packet to the A-DLC, a switching DLC divides the packet into cells and distributes the cells among the SFC boxes. The SFC boxes forward the cells to the A-DLC, and the A-DLC reassembles the packet from the cells and provides the upper layer service to the packet.

Abstract: A first forwarding instance is provided that includes a first set of routes. A second forwarding instance is provided that includes a second set of routes comprising a subset of the first set of routes. The first routing instance and the second routing instance are associated with a same virtual private routed network (VPRN).

Abstract: In a routing apparatus, a state data reception unit identifies target paths involving a specified link and finds candidate paths which share their beginning and ending routing apparatuses with any one of the target paths and do not involve the specified link. The state data reception unit obtains state data of each candidate path from a management apparatus managing state data indicating states of routing apparatuses that forward traffic on the candidate paths. Based on the state data of each candidate path, a distribution path selection unit selects a distribution path that minimizes the increase in power consumption due to an expected change in the states of routing apparatuses. A distribution requesting unit transmits a distribution request to the beginning routing apparatus of a target path so as to distribute at least a part of the traffic on the target path to the selected distribution path.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing power consumption during periods of low link utilization. A single enhanced core can be defined that enables operation of subset of parent physical layer devices (PHYs). The subset and parent PHYs can have a fundamental relationship that enables synchronous switching between them depending on the link utilization state.

Abstract: Two or more network devices can automatically coordinate to aggregate ports into virtual port channels. Ports of the port channel can be automatically assigned priorities to achieve about an equal distribution of active links across the two or more network devices.

Abstract: Particular embodiments of the disclosed subject matter provide methods and systems to support a multicast source selection system. In an example embodiment, the system includes a network element in data communication with a network, the network element being operable to: receive a request for withdrawal of a server as a source of a multicast data stream; and propagate information to the network indicating withdrawal of the server as a source of the multicast data stream, the propagation of information by the network element being responsive to the request for withdrawal of the server as a source of the multicast data stream.

Abstract: Host machines and other devices performing synchronized operations can be dispersed across multiple racks in a data center to provide additional buffer capacity and to reduce the likelihood of congestion. The level of dispersion can depend on factors such as the level of oversubscription, as it can be undesirable in a highly connected network to push excessive host traffic into the aggregation fabric. As oversubscription levels increase, the amount of dispersion can be reduced and two or more host machines can be clustered on a given rack, or otherwise connected through the same edge switch. By clustering a portion of the machines, some of the host traffic can be redirected by the respective edge switch without entering the aggregation fabric. When provisioning hosts for a customer, application, or synchronized operation, for example, the levels of clustering and dispersion can be balanced to minimize the likelihood for congestion throughout the network.

Abstract: A method for transferring time-synchronous data, particularly voice and video data, over a network, particularly the Internet, between at least two terminals, where between the terminals a connection is established using a SIP server and where the SIP protocol is used for establishing the connection, is—with respect to high Quality of Service for transferring time-synchronous data and with a technically simple and cost effective design—developed in a way that the SIP server analyzes the connection and/or the terminals or the like and that based on the analysis it determines an ideal bandwidth for optimizing the transfer of time-synchronous data.

Abstract: A system and process for distributed control, data acquisition and data distribution. The system and process comprise a one or more chain of nodes configured to remove and add packets to a synchronous data stream without management or control of a master node. Additionally, the nodes are provided with offset parameters to affect synchronous activity.

Abstract: An approach is provided for integrated content delivery. A request for content stored on a disk array of a router is received. In response to the request, one or more disks of the disk array are selected to retrieve the content, wherein the disk array is natively coupled to a switch fabric of the router. A path is determined through the switch fabric for transmission of the content.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving data at a virtual switch located at a network device in a cloud network. The data is received from an external network and destined for one or more virtual machines located in the cloud network and associated with the external network. The method further includes transmitting the data from the virtual switch to the virtual machines. The virtual switch operates as an access layer switch for the external network and creates a virtual switching overlay for secure communication between the virtual machines and the external network. Logic and an apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A network system comprising a system of devices having a plurality of nodes defining a communications network. At least one identifier from a pre-determined group of identifiers is associated with each of the nodes and identifies the functionalities that are applicable to that node or device associated with that node. In one embodiment, at least one of the nodes can transmit the at least one identifier by a message sent over the communications network for receipt by at least one of the nodes to thereby publish the functionalities over the communications network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a local oscillator (LO) is configured to generate an LO signal. A transmission line receives the LO signal from the local oscillator and transmits the LO signal. A first set of taps and a second set of taps tap the transmission line to receive the LO signal. A plurality of transceiver blocks are configured to receive and transmit a plurality of phase-shifted radio frequency signals. Each transceiver block is coupled to a first tap and a second tap. Each LO signal received for a transceiver block is received with a different phase. However, the same reference phase may be calculated from a first LO signal received from the first tap and a second LO signal received from a second tap. Each transceiver block receives the reference LO signal having the reference phase determined from the first LO signal and the second LO signal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and device for detecting connectivity termination in an IPv6 access network based on a DHCP service model. The method for detecting connectivity termination according to the invention comprises the steps of: creating an entry of the subscriber connectivity cache list corresponding to the subscriber terminal in the access node when the IPv6 connectivity between the subscriber terminal and the access node is established successfully; querying the entry of the neighbor cache list corresponding to the subscriber terminal based on the polling time set in the entry of the subscriber connectivity cache list; deciding whether the connectivity of the subscriber terminal is normal based on the entry information corresponding to the subscriber terminal of the subscriber connectivity cache list and neighbor cache list; and performing termination processing on the connectivity of the subscriber terminal logging off abnormally.

Abstract: A relay device has a plurality of input/output modules each having input/output ports, each input/output module including throughput measuring means for measuring throughput of communication packets received from other input/output modules, and throughput limiting means for limiting throughput of communication packets to be transferred to the other input/output modules on the basis of the throughput measured by the throughput measuring means, wherein the relay device transfers communication packets between the input/output modules to relay the communication packets.

Abstract: A method for establishing a call rapidly in a cluster communication system based on code division multiple access, comprising the following steps: a dispatching station server transmitting a normal group call request to a base station subsystem after receiving a normal group call request sent by a calling terminal; the each base station in a dispatching area allocating resource and establishing a forward-reverse traffic channel required by a normal group call service in the base station side after receiving the normal group call request; each sector of the base station in the dispatching area sending a broadcast channel assignment message in a form of broadcast message to the terminals in an idle state in the sector in a forward control channel; the terminals in the sector comparing a broadcast address with a group identification stored, if matching, the terminal establishing each service channel in the side of the terminal in the called state according to the broadcast channel assignment message received; if

Abstract: Techniques for enhanced backhaul flow control are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a backhaul control system is described that comprises a base station controller (BSC), a backhaul network, and a base transceiver station (BTS). Each is responsive to data and messaging transmitted and received. In one aspect, the BTS includes a queue and a controller. The amount of data in a queue is adjusted by a controller based upon calculating a target queue size value. The controller non-uniformly adjusts the amount of data in a queue based upon a target queue size value which is based upon communication system parameters. The target queue size and amount of data in a queue is adjusted so as to reduce buffer underrun, decrease system latency, and increase communication system throughput.

Abstract: A technique computes a traffic engineering (TE) label switched path (LSP) that spans multiple domains of a computer network from a head-end node of a local domain to a tail-end node of a remote domain. The novel inter-domain TE-LSP computation technique comprises a computation algorithm executed by the head-end node, which utilizes Path Computation Elements (PCEs) located within the remote domains (i.e., other than the local domain). Specifically, the head-end node requests path segments from a PCE in each of the remote domains, in which the path segments represent paths between all entry border routers to either all exit border routers of the particular remote domain (i.e., through the domain), or to the tail-end node. Upon receiving path segments from each remote domain, the head-end node combines the path segments with local domain information, and performs a forward path computation from the head-end node to the tail-end node to find the best (i.e., “shortest”) path.

Abstract: Techniques for processing an IP packet at a router that supports SS7 signaling include receiving IP routing data that associates a network link and a destination IP address for a node in a signaling network that includes a plurality of signaling nodes. When an ingress IP data packet is received, it is determined whether conditions are satisfied for locally processing an SS7 payload within the ingress IP data packet. If it is determined that conditions are satisfied for locally processing the SS7 payload, then the SS7 payload is processed locally, i.e., without sending the SS7 payload over a network link to a different node in the signaling network. If it is determined that conditions are not satisfied for locally processing the SS7 payload, then the ingress IP data packet is routed normally. These techniques allow reduced numbers of expensive STP devices and expanded routing options in a signaling network.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various aspects of a Fibre Channel (Fibre Channel) fabric having switches that employ Registered State Change Notifications (RSCNs) with enhanced payloads. Two types of RSCN message formats are provided, both including status information about the affected device(s). In one embodiment, a RSCN message format for inter-switch communication provides various information about the affected devices according to one of a plurality of predetermined formats. In another embodiment, a node device RSCN message format provides information about a port state, the identification of the affected port, along with the port and node world wide names and the FC-4 types supported by the node.

Abstract: Link-level data communications implemented in switching apparatus comprising modular switches disposed within a modular computer cabinet that includes modular computer systems; the switching apparatus configured as two layers of switches, the first layer switches coupled to one another for communications by inter-switch links, each second layer switch coupled for communications to the modular computer systems; all the switches stacked by a stacking protocol that shares administrative configuration information among the switches through the inter-switch links and presents all the switches as a single logical switch; the switching apparatus including ports coupling the apparatus to networks and to service applications and terminating applications on the modular computer systems; and sending the packet from network to modular computer system to which the packet is directed, or from modular computer system to network to which the packet is directed, the packet traversing none of the inter-switch links among the f

Abstract: The Fibre Channel standard was created by the American National Standard for Information Systems (ANSI) X3T11 task group to define a serial I/O channel for interconnecting a number of heterogeneous peripheral devices to computer systems as well as interconnecting the computer systems themselves through optical fiber and copper media at gigabit speeds (i.e., one billion bits per second). Multiple protocols such as SCSI (Small Computer Serial Interface), IP (Internet Protocol), HIPPI, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) among others can concurrently utilize the same media when mapped over Fibre Channel. A Fibre Channel Fabric is an entity which transmits Fibre Channel frames between connected Node Ports. The Fibre Channel fabric routes the frames based on the destination address as well as other information embedded in the Fibre Channel frame header. Node Ports are attached to the Fibre Channel Fabric through links.

Abstract: The Fiber Channel standard was created by the American National Standard for Information Systems (ANSI) X3T11 task group to define a serial I/O channel for interconnecting a number of heterogeneous peripheral devices to computer systems as well as interconnecting the computer systems themselves through optical fiber and copper media at gigabit speeds (i.e., one billion bits per second). Multiple protocols such as SCSI (Small Computer Serial Interface), IP (Internet Protocol), HIPPI, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) among others can concurrently utilize the same media when mapped over Fiber Channel. A Fiber Channel Fabric is an entity which transmits Fiber Channel frames between connected Node Ports. The Fiber Channel fabric routes the frames based on the destination address as well as other information embedded in the Fiber Channel frame header. Node Ports are attached to the Fiber Channel Fabric through links.

Abstract: A method for an access network node, and the access network node, to provide a user device access to a service enabled by an IMS network, comprising the steps of: setting up an IP tunnel for communication with the user device, sending an authentication request to the user device via the tunnel, receiving a response to the authentication request from the user device via the tunnel, authenticating the user device, sending a registration request comprising an IMPU associated with the user device to an IMS network node, receiving a confirmation message from the IMS network node that the user device is authenticated, sending an authorization confirmation message via the IP tunnel that the user device is authorized, receiving a service request via the IP tunnel from the user device to start the service, sending a service session initiation message to an application server associated with the service.