Abstract: Provided is a method and system for optimizing utilization and performance of one or more unlicensed bands in a network (Wi-Fi and Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS)) through a client device application that communicates with a central node deployed on a cloud platform. The method and system collects Radio Frequency (RF) measurements from a plurality of client devices and from a plurality of nearby point of attachments (PoAs) and transmits the collected RF measurements to the cloud platform. An optimal transmission channel/network in the one or more unlicensed bands is then calculated for one or more nearby PoAs using an Artificial Intelligence (AI) module based on the RF measurements, which utilizes a Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS), an Automated Frequency Coordinator (AFC) and a Spectrum Access System (SAS) to select the optimal transmission channel/network based on the data-rate result received from the DFS, AFC and SAS.

Abstract: A method of managing carrier aggregation for a multi-radio access technology (RAT) wireless transmitter/receiver unit (WTRU) is disclosed. The method may include: receiving, by the WRTU over a primary channel associated with a RAT of a first type, provisioning information for provisioning a supplementary channel associated with a RAT of a second type; establishing the supplementary channel associated with the RAT of the second type based on the received provisioning information; and wirelessly exchanging, by the WRTU, first data associated with a communication over the primary channel via the RAT of the first type, while wireless exchanging second data associated with the communication over the supplementary channel via the RAT of the second type.

Abstract: A method for alleviating flow congestion at forwarding elements is provided. The method receives traffic related data from a plurality of forwarding elements of a network, and based on the traffic related data, determines congestion at a first forwarding element of the plurality of forwarding elements caused by at least one flow passing through the first forwarding element at a first rate. The method calculates, based on a burst size of the at least one flow, a second rate for the at least one flow such that when the at least one flow passes through the first forwarding element at the second rate the congestion at the first forwarding element is alleviated. The method rate limits the at least one flow by passing the at least one flow through a flow rate manager at the calculated second rate before transmitting the at least one flow to the first forwarding element.

Abstract: Provided are a storage device configured to perform high-speed link startup and a storage system including the storage device. The storage system performs data communication through a connected transmission lane and a connected reception lane from among a plurality of lanes between a host and the storage device. The host transmits an activate period of the connected transmission lane, which is less than a first time period, to the connected reception lane, and the storage device receives the activate period of the connected reception lane, which is less than the first time period. The host and the storage device perform link startup in a high-speed mode through the connected transmission lane and the connected reception lane, based on the activate period being less than the first time period.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of controlling physical data rate for optimizing throughput of multicast transport channels in at least one multicast channel, wherein the allocation of the at least one multicast transport channel to the at least one multicast channel is controlled such that inter alia at least one of all multicast transport channels to be allocated currently is placed within one multicast channel during the common sub-frame allocation period according to a pre-defined ruling when all multicast transport channels to be allocated currently do not fit into the one multicast channel, wherein a remainder of all multicast transport channels to be allocated currently is buffered and scheduled to be transmitted in a following common sub-frame allocation period. Further, a system for controlling physical data rate for optimizing throughput of multicast transport channels is described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for network bandwidth optimization, including transmitting sensor data from one or more sensors over a wireless network into a generated network slice, submitting a Quality-of-Service (QoS) request for one or more applications by specifying desired network slice characteristics, and predicting network bandwidth needed for granting the QoS request for the one or more applications using a cost function based on magnitude, direction, and frequency of error. Time-varying network bandwidth usage is continuously monitored, and new QoS requests for the one or more applications are periodically requested based on the monitoring. An updated prediction for updated bandwidth needed for the new QoS request is generated using the cost function, and network bandwidth reservations are iteratively adjusted based on the updated prediction for the new QoS request to provide an amount of network resources to the one or more applications to support the new QoS request.

Abstract: An equipment detection system includes a processor, a communication module, and a display module. The processor is configured to detect a connection to an external device. The processor enumerates device information about the external device, obtains user information from a local host, and generates a data structure according to the device information and the user information. The processor is included in the local host. The communication module is configured to transmit the data structure and receive status information. The status information includes a placement space corresponding to the external device or the status of the external device. The status information is associated with the data structure. Moreover, the display module is configured to display the status information.

Abstract: Described embodiments improve the performance of a computer network via selectively forwarding packets to bypass quality of service (QoS) processing, avoiding processing delays during critical periods of high demand, increasing throughput and efficiency may be increased by sacrificing a small amount of QoS accuracy. QoS processing may be applied to a subset of packets of a flow or connection, referred to herein as “lazy” processing or lazy byte batching. Packets that bypass QoS processing may be immediately forwarded with the same QoS settings as packets of the flow for which QoS processing is applied, resulting in tremendous overhead savings with only minimal decline in accuracy.

Abstract: A wireless communication base station device which makes it possible to provide a base station, terminal and CCE allocation method capable of reducing the number of times blind decoding of a terminal is performed, without increasing the CCE block rate, even when a plurality of unit bands are set in a terminal. In this device, a search space setting section (103) sets in each of a plurality of unit bands a common search space in respect of a terminal which is communicating using the plurality of unit bands and other terminals, and sets in each of the plurality of unit bands an individual search space in respect of the terminal. An allocation section (106) allocates control information solely to CCEs within the common search spaces set in specified unit bands among the plurality of unit bands, or solely to CCEs within individual search spaces set in specified unit bands.

Abstract: Systems and methods are introduced to enable cross-domain discovery. Systems and methods are also introduced to create representations of resources and information discovered from cross-domain discovery.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for Content-Centric Networking (CCN) are described. In some cases, a node may receive a CCN packet from an upstream node and communicate the CCN packet to one or more downstream nodes (e.g., that previously requested the CCN packet). In a first case, the node may establish a persistent internet protocol (IP) tunnel with the downstream node and communicate the CCN packet to the downstream node by the persistent IP tunnel. Here, a cable modem between the node and the downstream node may not decode the CCN packet. In a second case, the node may append an identifier to the CCN packet prior to communicating the CCN packet to the one or more downstream nodes. Here, the identifier may indicate to the downstream nodes which CCN packets are relevant to the downstream node.

Abstract: An interconnection device for interconnecting two sub-networks, on which UPnP devices are connected: determines actual IP addresses and port numbers of servers of the UPnP device; allocates a port number to each server, establishes a connection with a UPnP device of the femtocell and a connection with a UPnP device of the local area network; replaces, in frames received via one of said connections, each actual server IP address and port number allocated by the interconnection device to said server; and replaces, in frames received via one of said connections, each actual IP address and port number with an IP address of the interconnection device to said server; and replaces, in said received frames, each IP address of the interconnection device and port number allocated by the interconnection device to a server with the IP address and port number of the corresponding server.

Abstract: A wireless communication system using wireless LAN channels for wireless communication is disclosed, comprising: master access point, slave access points, and computing unit. First, the master access point creates a collision record table and a usage time record table. After that, the master access point updates the collision record table and usage time record table based on the usage information, and transmits the collision record table and usage time record table to the slave access points. The computing unit generates the channel collision probability through the number of collisions, and calculates the usage weight of the dynamic frequency selection channel through the channel collision probability. Finally, the wireless communication system automatically selects the wireless LAN channels of the master access point and the slave access points according to the usage weight and usage time record table. As such, the wireless communication system has high efficiency and low delay.

Abstract: A method of performing cell reselection by a wireless communications device comprises measuring a signal strength of radio signals received from a serving cell, determining whether the signal strength of the signals received from the serving cell is lower than a first predetermined signal strength threshold, if the signal strength is lower than the first predetermined signal strength threshold measuring a signal strength of a neighbor cell operating on the same frequency as the serving cell to generate signal strength measurements at a first rate, and in accordance with the signal strength measurements of the neighbor cell generated at the first rate determining whether to reselect to the neighbor cell.

Abstract: A method for identifying a current state of an electronic system is provided. The method includes identifying a pool of candidate states of the electronic system, selecting a probing parameter in accordance with a model, and probing the electronic system based on the selected probing parameter. When the probing yields a positive result, all candidate states that are not intersected by the probing parameter are removed from the pool. When the probing parameter yields M negative results, all candidate states that are intersected by the probing parameter are removed from the pool, where M?1. A last remaining candidate state in the pool is identified as the current state of the electronic system. The model is based on at least one of a probability that the probing would yield a false-negative result or a probability that a result of the probing would be interpreted and/or processed incorrectly.

Abstract: A method for operating a radio communication system for an industrial automation system, which includes at least one base station and a plurality of subscriber stations, wherein at predefined transmission times the base station cyclically polls datagrams to be transmitted by the subscriber stations, where the base station predefines for the subscriber stations the transmission times, within a polling cycle, for transmitting the datagrams to be transmitted, where the transmission times are each determined from a preceding transmission time by adding a polling cycle duration and subtracting a delay time, while the at least one datagram to be transmitted prior to the preceding transmission time is already in the corresponding subscriber station and ready for transmission, and where the subscriber stations transmit information to the base station regarding the corresponding delay time to determine the transmission times.

Abstract: Example link recovery methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes determining a link failure of a first control resource set, where the first control resource set is a control resource set configured by a first master information block MIB. A link failure recovery request is sent, where the link failure recovery request is used to request to recover a communication link of the first control resource set. The first control resource set may be a control resource set (CORESET), a control region, or an enhanced physical downlink control channel (ePDCCH) set defined in a 5G mobile communications system.

Abstract: A method for data exchange between a user equipment and a network node over a bearer service in a communication system. A virtual access network identifier identifies a connectionless bearer service on which a network service is mapped. A logical channel identifier identifies a connection oriented bearer service on which the network service is mapped. The data is exchanged between the user equipment and the network node over the connection oriented bearer service or over the connectionless bearer service depending on the amount of exchanged data and/or the data bit rate and/or the expiration of a timer.

Abstract: [Object] To improve the reliability by using an acknowledgement response while using radio resources efficiently in multicast transmission over wireless transmission. [Solution] A plurality of wireless communication devices included in a multicast group, when receiving a data frame, transmit simultaneously an acknowledgement response of multicast using spatial multiplexing in response to an acknowledgement request from a transmission source. On the other hand, a wireless communication device of the transmission source decomposes the acknowledgement responses simultaneously received into the original individual acknowledgement responses and restores them using signal processing based on information on a channel with each wireless communication device of a transmission destination.

Abstract: A downstream bandwidth transmission method for a passive optical network includes: performing a downstream bandwidth allocation (101); sending a result of the downstream bandwidth allocation (102); and sending traffic data based on the result of the downstream bandwidth allocation, where the result of the downstream bandwidth allocation carries optical network unit (ONU) indication information (103).

Abstract: A wideband receiver system comprises a wideband analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module and a digital frontend (DFE) module. The wideband ADC is configured to concurrently digitize a band of frequencies comprising a plurality of desired channels and a plurality of undesired channels. The DFE module is coupled to the digital in-phase and quadrature signals. The DFE module is configured to select the plurality of desired channels from the digitized band of frequencies, and generate an intermediate frequency (IF) signal comprising the selected plurality of desired channels and having a bandwidth that is less than a bandwidth of the band of frequencies, where the generation comprises frequency shifting of the selected plurality of desired channels. The IF signal may be a digital signal and the DFE is configured to output the IF signal via a serial or parallel interface.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a resource scheduling method performed at a scheduling server. Virtual machine (VM) information of a to-be-created VM is obtained and common resource information is obtained. A preset resource information private copy is updated according to the common resource information. The resource information private copy includes host machine information corresponding to a preset host machine. Finally, according to the resource information private copy, at least one candidate host machine meeting the VM information is obtained, a target host machine is obtained from the at least one candidate host machine, and the VM is created on the target host machine. In the solution, the resource information private copy can be updated in time before the resource scheduling is performed, which ensures synchronization of the resource information private copy and the common resource information, so that a better resource scheduling result is achieved.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from improved transmissions. For example, a network transmission may benefit from improved throughput and efficiency in non-schedule multiple access communications. A method includes selecting at a user equipment operating in a non-scheduled access scheme at least one of a first codeword or a second codeword based on an amount of data. The data in the non-scheduled access scheme can be spread according to a spreading sequence. The method also includes determining a transport block size for at least one of the first codeword or the second codeword. In addition, the method includes transmitting the data from the user equipment to a network node using at least one of the first codeword or the second codeword.

Abstract: Data flow through a network device is periodically sampled. Lower and upper bandwidth reservation limits are periodically updated from the sampled data flow. A current setting of the bandwidth reservation for the flow path associated with the data flow is compared against the range bounded by the lower and upper bandwidth reservation limits. When the current bandwidth reservation falls outside of the range, bandwidth reservation of the flow path is adjusted.

Abstract: Embodiments may be generally directed to techniques to cause communication of a registration request between a first end-point and a second end-point of an end-to-end path, the registration request to establish resource load monitoring for one or more resources of the end-to-end path, receive one or more acknowledgements indicating resource loads for each of the one or more resources of the end-to-end path, at least one of the acknowledgements to indicate a resource of the one or more resources is not meeting a threshold requirement for the end-to-end path, and perform an action for communication traffic utilizing the one or more resources based on the acknowledgement.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for Content-Centric Networking (CCN) are described. In some cases, a node may receive a CCN packet from an upstream node and communicate the CCN packet to one or more downstream nodes (e.g., that previously requested the CCN packet). In a first case, the node may establish a persistent internet protocol (IP) tunnel with the downstream node and communicate the CCN packet to the downstream node by the persistent IP tunnel. Here, a cable modem between the node and the downstream node may not decode the CCN packet. In a second case, the node may append an identifier to the CCN packet prior to communicating the CCN packet to the one or more downstream nodes. Here, the identifier may indicate to the downstream nodes which CCN packets are relevant to the downstream node.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for flexible carrier uplink and downlink pairing for 4G, 5G and future networks. Downlink and uplink channels can be assigned to different bands that are not contiguous or bands that have different bandwidths. This enables base station devices to have the flexibility to assign uplink and downlink communications to bands that have lower load and thus improve the efficiency and throughput of the communication link for both uplink and downlink. The base station device can also assign uplink and downlink pairing in order to minimize passive intermodulation interference. Passive intermodulation interference from a transmission can cause interference in bands near the transmission band, and so the base station device can assign downlink and uplink bands that are separate from each other in order to reduce the passive intermodulation interference.

Abstract: A network device (e.g., a user equipment (UE), or a new radio NB (gNB)) can process or generate a configuration of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring in different search spaces sets independently from one another in order to manage different services optimally. A processor of the network device can be configured to receive physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates of a PDCCH in a slot for channel estimation across search spaces of the slot. Different priorities can be determined among the PDCCH candidates in the slot based on a priority rule. Then a number of PDCCH candidates can be skipped/dropped from monitoring based on the different priorities of the PDCCH candidates to ensure that a threshold level of blind decoding operations across a plurality of slots of the PDCCH is being satisfied. The UE can monitor a portion of the PDCCH candidates while concurrently skipping another.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a receiver and a transmitter. The receiver is configured to receive, from a first wireless apparatus, a first physical frame including a destination address receivable by a second wireless apparatus different from the electronic apparatus. The transmitter is configured to transmit, to the first wireless apparatus, a first response frame including first information regarding the first physical frame, if the first physical frame is successfully received. A transmission period of the first response frame at least partially overlaps with a transmission period of a second response frame including second information regarding the first physical frame received by the second wireless apparatus.

Abstract: An SDN architecture, for a cellular communications system, is described herein that includes a Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning framework to provision and manage traffic flows in the cellular communications system. The described architecture separates the control plane and the user plane for the transport of the user plane traffic. Network entities in the SDN architecture, such as a network controller, can detect and react to changes in network state (e.g., load conditions) to route or reroute traffic flows in the network. QoS and routing parameters may be determined for the network traffic on a per-flow basis, even when multiple flows are associated with a single service request.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a reactive throttle architecture for managing traffic to shared resources. A system comprises an interface subsystem configured to communicate with a client operatively coupled with a resource, an implementation subsystem configured to throttle traffic from the client to the resource based on a throttling policy, a monitor subsystem configured to monitor resource performance, and a policy subsystem configured to define the throttling policy based on a performance of the resource and a lane of the client.

Abstract: An arrangement is illustrated wherein a flash controller with a multi-constraints dynamic resource manager module configured to control both software and hardware clients is provided. The arrangement also provides for memory and an interface for connecting the controller to a host.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method and device for controlling network access. According to the method, an aggregation switch may configure thereon an ACL rule comprising a first network segment and a second network segment, wherein the first network segment and the second network segment correspond to a same user group or different user groups, or the first network segment corresponds to a user group and the second network segment corresponds to a resource group. The aggregation switch may, after receiving a user packet from an access switch, match a source IP address of the user packet with the first network segment, and a destination IP address of the user packet with the second network segment. If the source IP address of the user packet matches with the first network segment and the destination IP address of the user packet matches with the second network segment, the user packet is discarded.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a user equipment (UE). The UE receives configuration information of multiple transmission configuration indication (TCI) states. The UE receives one or more activation commands that associate a first subset of the TCI states with one or more codepoints of a TCI field and a second subset of the TCI states with the one or more codepoints of the TCI field. The UE receives a codepoint associated with a first TCI state in the first subset of the TCI states and a second TCI state in the second subset of the TCI states. The UE determines at least one first quasi co-located (QCL) assumption according to the first TCI state and at least one second QCL assumption according to the second TCI state. The UE receives a downlink transmission based on the at least one first QCL assumption and the at least one second QCL assumption.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a user equipment (UE) transmitting uplink signals in a wireless communication system are disclosed. For this end, the UE, receiving first uplink grant information and logical channel priority information associated with the first uplink grant, constructs a first data unit including data from one or more radio bearers with first logical channel priority corresponding to the logical channel priority information. And, the UE transmits the first data unit to a network.

Abstract: Provided is a terminal apparatus that performs an uplink LBT procedure, wherein one or more than one subframes are allocated for transmission of a message 3 in an LAA cell, and an LBT procedure for transmission of a random access preamble is initiated in a case where it is determined that a channel is busy in all of the one or more than one subframes.

Abstract: A wireless telecommunication system includes base stations for communicating with terminal devices. One or more base stations support a power boost operating mode in which a base station's available transmission power is concentrated in a subset of its available transmission resources to provide enhanced transmission powers as compared to transmission powers on these transmission resources when the base station is not operating in the power boost mode. A base station establishes an extent to which one or more base stations in the wireless telecommunications system support the power boost operating mode conveys an indication of this to a terminal device. The terminal device receives the indication and uses the corresponding information to control its acquisition of a base station of the wireless telecommunication system, for example by taking account of which base stations support power boosting and/or when power boosting is supported during a cell attach procedure.

Abstract: A wireless network is provided that includes a base station and subscriber stations that communicate with the base station using radio frequency (RF) time division duplex (TDD) signaling. The base station may establish medium access control (MAC) connections with each station. The base station monitors communications with the stations and, in accordance, assigns stations or MAC connections to modulation groups. The base station transmits signals on MAC connections or to stations in a modulation group in adjacent TDD slots within a TDD frame. The base station may receive access requests from the stations, evaluate traffic requirements for the stations, and determine a longest downlink portion for the stations. The base station then allocates downlink and uplink portions of a TDD frame according to the length of the longest downlink portion.

Abstract: In some examples, a wireless device selects a selected rate bucket of a plurality of different rate buckets, a rate bucket of the plurality of different rate buckets comprising a plurality of coding rates. In some examples, the selected rate bucket can include at least one other encoding capability, such as a modulation or a coding scheme.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, systems, and program products are disclosed for data packet prediction. An apparatus includes a processor and a memory that stores code executable by the processor. The code is executable by the processor to train a predictive model using incoming data packets. The incoming data packets are forwarded to one or more network devices. The predictive model is trained to predict a subsequent data packet based on an input data packet. The code is executable by the processor to forward the predictive model to the one or more network devices in response to the predictive accuracy of the predictive model satisfying a threshold accuracy. The predictive model generates predicted data packets at the one or more network devices. The code is executable by the processor to cease forwarding incoming data packets to the one or more network devices.

Abstract: A method includes detecting, by a first LVDC affiliated with a first host device, a request for a one-to-one communication with a second LVDC affiliated with a second host device, where data is conveyed between the LVDCs by varying loading on a bus at a frequency. The method further includes determining a desired number of channels to support the one-to-one communication based on one or more of: the first host device, the second host device, and information contained in the request, wherein the channels correspond to frequencies in a frequency band. The method further includes determining whether the desired number of channels is available for the one-to-one communication. When the desired number of channels is available for the one-to-one communication, allocating them for the one-to-one communication.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink grant that does not include a downlink assignment index (DAI); determine a pre-defined bundle window, associated with ACK/NACK multiplexing or bundling, based at least in part on receiving the downlink grant that does not include the DAI; and transmit ACK/NACK feedback to acknowledge or negatively acknowledge one or more downlink communications received in the pre-defined bundle window. In some aspects, a UE may receive a downlink grant that does not include a DAI; determine a bundle window, associated with ACK/NACK multiplexing or bundling, based at least in part on receiving the downlink grant that does not include the DAI, wherein the bundle window is not pre-defined; and transmit ACK/NACK feedback to acknowledge or negatively acknowledge one or more downlink communications received in the bundle window. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and/or devices for overlaying and playing back audio data for user vocals and media content received from distinct devices and systems at a media presentation system are described herein. In one aspect, a media presentation system receives, from a remote server, a first data stream for a first media item, and plays the first media item. While playing the first media item, a second data stream for audio data that includes vocals is received from an application at a client device distinct from the remote server. The vocals are overlaid with the first media item to generate a composite data stream, which includes combining the first and second data streams, and the media presentation system plays the overlaid vocals.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in an Ethernet-based vehicle network includes: transmitting a first frame advertising a presence of a data unit to be transmitted; receiving a second frame indicating that preparation for receiving the data unit is completed; and transmitting a third frame including the data unit using a static bandwidth which is reserved through an exchange of the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for configuring a prohibit timer for a sidelink transmission in a wireless communication system is provided. A user equipment (UE) configures a prohibit timer for the sidelink transmission for a specific channel, starts the prohibit timer when a number of data units transmitted via the specific channel reaches to a specific number, and prohibits the sidelink transmission while the prohibit timer is running.

Abstract: A method of performing uplink mobile communications may include identifying a first uplink data and a second uplink data, wherein the first uplink data has a higher transmission priority than the second uplink data, and evaluating a plurality of candidate uplink channels to generate a plurality of uplink channel quality measures. Each of the plurality of uplink channel quality measures may be associated with one of the plurality of candidate uplink channels. The method may further include performing a comparison between one or more of the plurality of uplink channel quality measures to select a first uplink channel from the plurality of candidate uplink channels, transmitting the first uplink data using the first uplink channel, and transmitting the second uplink data using a second uplink channel of the plurality of candidate uplink channels.

Abstract: Hybrid ARQ is employed in a multi-carrier communication system for retransmission of erroneous packets by taking advantage of time/frequency/space diversity and by combining ARQ functions at physical layer and MAC layers, making the multi-carrier system more robust in a high packet-error environment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an integrator for a storage device, a corresponding storage device and a method of manufacturing the same. The integrator comprises a base board comprising a first interface and a second interface; a connector coupled to the first interface of the base board, the connector being connectable with at least one server in the storage device; an input/output (I/O) part coupled to the second interface of the base board and connectable with an I/O device; and a switcher arranged on the base board and adapted to exchange data between the first interface and the second interface to support data transmission of the I/O device or other servers with the server via the integrator.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory system comprises a plurality of word lines, a plurality of bit lines, non-volatile memory cells, and a sensing circuit. The sensing circuit is configured to sense a first set of the memory cells coupled to a contiguous set of the bit lines and a selected word line using a first bit line settling time. The sensing circuit is configured to sense a second set of the memory cells coupled to a non-contiguous set of the bit lines and the selected word line using a second bit line settling time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, apparatus and system for configuring control channels in a mobile communication network and a mobile station. In order to suggest another improved scheme for configuring control channels, in particular control channels related to the transmission of user data the invention suggests aligning the size of the control channel information of different formats to an equal number of coded control channel information bits and/or modulation symbols for each control channel. The control channels may comprise scheduling related control information. According to another aspect of the invention, the size of the control channel information is aligned by means of modulation and/or coding, however the control channel information is aligned to one out of a set of numbers of coded control channel information bits and/or modulation symbols for each control channel.