Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a network node may transmit configuration information associated with identifying a plurality of sets of random access channel (RACH) occasions (ROs), wherein a first set of ROs, of the plurality of sets of ROs, is associated with a first set of parameters for a low-resolution analog to digital converter (ADC) and a first mode of the network node, and a second set of ROs, of the plurality of sets of ROs, is associated with a second set of parameters for a high-resolution ADC and a second mode of the network node. The network node may communicate, when operating in a particular mode of the network node, using a particular set of ROs, of the plurality of sets of ROs, associated with the particular mode of the network node. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: A controller area network (CAN) comprising a plurality of CAN nodes that communicate via a CAN bus that comprises a fiber optical network. The fiber optical network uses a single fiber and a single wavelength for transmit and receive, and comprises a passive reflective optical star. The reflective optical star comprises an optical mixing rod having a mirror at one end. The other end of the reflective optical star is optically coupled to the transmitters and receivers of a plurality of optical-electrical media converters by way of respective high-isolation optical Y-couplers. Each CAN node produces electrical signals (in accordance with the CAN message-based protocol) which are converted into optical pulses that are broadcast to the fiber optical network. Those optical pulses are then reflected back to all CAN nodes by the reflective optical star.

Abstract: For controlling radio transmission in a cellular network, a network node detects data traffic between the cellular network and a user equipment. The detected data traffic is based on a transport protocol which involves transmission of an acknowledgement to acknowledge successful reception of data by the user equipment. The network node estimates a time at which sending of an future acknowledgement by the user equipment is expected. On the basis of the estimated time, the network node allocates UL radio resources to the user equipment. By sending an uplink grant, the network node may indicate the allocated uplink radio resources to the user equipment.

Abstract: A data transmission method of a device comprises the following steps: transmitting a data to another device; receiving a feedback information from the another device; and when the feedback information indicates a transmission error of the device occurs, determining whether to perform retransmission according to the feedback information.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a position of a UE includes a first network node receiving a request for positioning information about the UE. The first network node requests a first positioning procedure at a first location node. The first location node determines using the first positioning procedure that involvement by a second location node is needed. The first location node initiates a trigger for positioning information about the UE to be sent to the second location node. The second location node, upon receiving the trigger for positioning information and determining the presence of an environment measurement parameter, determines the position information of the UE by performing a second positioning procedure based on the environment measurement parameter, and sends a position calculation response with the positioning information.

Abstract: Methods and systems are providing for configuring a port on a network device for communication with a port on a remote device. In one example, the network device receives, by a local port, a message from a physical coding sublayer (PCS) transmitter on the remote partner device. In one aspect, a port configuration module partitions the port to transfer data on a plurality of sub-ports each having a second data transfer rate if it is determined, by the network device that a local PCS receiver failed to align data received in the message. In another aspect, the port configuration module aggregates the plurality of sub-ports of the port to transfer data on a port having the first data transfer rate if it is determined, by the network device, that the local PCS receiver detected a code violation error in the message on at least one of the plurality of sub-links.

Abstract: A method of determining whether a mass serialization engine is cryptographically secure is provided herein. The method includes performing (202) a specified number of mass serializations to generate a corresponding number of mass serialization sets. A size of the mass serialization sets is increased from a first portion size to a second portion size by the mass serialized engine. The method further includes determining (204) a corresponding number of collisions for each of the specified number of mass serializations. Additionally, the method includes comparing (206) the number of collisions to an expected number of collisions. Further, the method includes determining (208) whether the mass serialization engine is cryptographically secure based on the comparison.

Abstract: In some aspects, a wireless-spectrum analysis system is described. In some examples, the wireless-spectrum analysis system includes wireless-spectrum analysis devices distributed at distinct locations over a geographic region. The wireless-spectrum analysis devices are configured to concurrently monitor wireless-spectrum usage at each distinct location. Each wireless-spectrum analysis device is configured to transmit, from the wireless-spectrum analysis device, spectral-usage parameters identified by the wireless-spectrum analysis device based on wireless signals detected by the wireless-spectrum analysis device at its distinct location. The wireless-spectrum analysis system further includes a data aggregation system configured to aggregate the spectral-usage parameters transmitted from the wireless-spectrum analysis devices.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods are disclosed for using elastic buffers in fiber channel systems over twisted pair links. One such system includes a fiber channel host device and another fiber channel host device communicatively coupled to the fiber channel device over a twisted pair link. The system also includes a slave physical layer (PHY) circuit residing in the fiber channel host device and a master PHY circuit residing in the another fiber channel host device. The master PHY circuit is operable to transmit, using a reference clock, data from a transmit elastic buffer. The slave PHY circuit is operable to receive the data transmitted by the master PHY circuit and to store the received data using a derived clock recovered from the received data.

Abstract: Greater network utilization is implemented through dynamic network reconfiguration and allocation of network services and resources based on the data to be transferred and the consumer transferring it. A hierarchical system is utilized whereby requests from lower layers are aggregated before being provided to upper layers, and allocations received from upper layers are distributed to lower layers. To maximize network utilization, paths through the network are reconfigured by identifying specific types of packets that are to be flagged in a specific manner, and then by further identifying specific routing rules to be applied in the transmission of such packets. Network reconfiguration is performed on an incremental basis to avoid overloading a path, and capacity can be reserved along one or more paths to prevent such overloading. Background data is agnostic as to specific transmission times and is utilized to prevent overloading due to reconfiguration.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methodologies are described that mitigate signal pollution in a wireless communication system. According to one aspect, user devices can request signals for use in access point selection. Access points can be selected based upon the received strength of their signals. In one aspect, access points can delay the transmission of signals based upon the strength of the received request. In addition, if sufficient access points respond during the delay, an access point can refrain from transmitting signals in response to signal requests, further reducing signal pollution.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an apparatus and method for adapting wireless sensor network device operation to ambient RF noise. An example embodiment includes: initializing a noise threshold value to a default value; detecting an ambient RF noise level on a plurality of channels of a wireless network device; if the ambient RF noise level detected on a pre-determined number of channels is above the noise threshold value, adjusting the noise threshold value by an increment and retesting the ambient RF noise level on the plurality of channels; if the noise threshold value exceeds a pre-determined maximum noise threshold value, suspending data communications by the wireless network device; and if the ambient RF noise level detected on a pre-determined number of channels is below the noise threshold value, retaining the noise threshold value and enabling data communications by the wireless network device.

Abstract: A location provision facility communicates with a mobile telecommunications device over an IP-based telecommunications network to obtain information that enables the facility to determine a location of the telecommunications device. The facility and/or the telecommunications device store the determined location. In response to requests from location-based applications for the location of the telecommunications device, the facility can provide the location-based applications with the stored or calculated location.

Abstract: A mobile device may monitor availability of access networks that provide connectivity for the mobile device. The mobile device may also store preference information, on a per-application basis, relating to preferences for using the access networks by applications executed by the mobile device. The mobile device may additionally select, in response to a request from an application to connect to the network, one of the access networks, based on the preference information for the application; and provide a communication channel for the application using the selected access network.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for providing an alternate data service to a mobile communication device. The apparatus includes a logic module operable to identify a wireless network accessible by the mobile communication device, a logic module operable to determine whether a packet data service is available to the mobile communication device via the wireless network and a logic module operable to effectuate an alternate data service when the packet data service is unavailable to the mobile communication device via the wireless network.

Abstract: For use in a visible light communication (VLC) network, a system and method for communicating a plurality of medium access control (MAC) frames. The method includes providing a single frame structure to support a plurality of topologies, the plurality of topologies including peer-to-peer, broadcast, star and visibility topologies. The method also includes transmitting a plurality of frames comprising a plurality of frame types, the plurality of frame types comprising data, beacon, command, acknowledgement, and color-visibility-dimming (CVD) frames.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described including determining if a successful unicast transmission has occurred, adjusting a contention window to a minimum value and adjusting a time slot back-off counter to one-half of the value of the contention window plus one responsive to the determination and adjusting the contention window using one of a plurality of adjustment schemes and selecting said time slot back-off counter from an interval between zero and the contention window.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the throughput of TCP/IP applications by aggregating user application data and consolidating multiple TCP/IP connection streams into a single optimized stream for delivery to a destination application. Optimization of the internet protocol uses a packet interceptor to intercept packets from a source application, a packet driver to aggregate the intercepted packets, a data mover to transport the aggregated packets to another data mover at the destination, a destination packet driver to disaggregate the transported aggregated packets, and a destination end processor to deliver the disaggregated IP packets to the destination application.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for indicating a temporary block flow (TBF) to which a piggybacked acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (PAN) field is addressed. A method and apparatus of performing receive processing to reduce the probability of false acceptance of erroneous PANs are also disclosed. A transmit station generates a PAN check sequence (PCS) and performs a channel coding on a PAN field and the PCS. The transmit station scrambles the encoded bits of the PAN field and the PCS with a TBF-specific scrambling code. Because of the scrambling, the PCS decoding at a receive station will pass if the data block is received by an intended receive station, while the PCS decoding will fail if received by a non-intended receive station. Alternatively, the scrambling may be performed before the channel coding. Alternatively, the transmit station may combine the PAN field and a temporary flow identity (TFI) to generate a PCS.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for performing a piconet coordinator (PNC) handover in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) in which devices using various PHY transmission modes coexist. A device that enters the WPAN transfers information about its PHY transmission mode to the PNC through an association request message so that a problem that conventional services are not provided to a user in the WPAN due to a difference in PHY transmission modes of the devices during the PNC handover can be solved.

Abstract: A wireless communication terminal transmitting/receiving data with a folder closed and a method thereof are disclosed. The wireless communication terminal includes: a wireless transceiver for transmitting and receiving data through a wireless communication network; a storage for storing the transmitted data and the received data; a detector for detecting a state of the folder of the wireless communication terminal in order to determine whether the folder is opened or closed; an outputting unit for indicating a result of the data transmission/reception; and a controller for analyzing the transmitted/received data to detect the last packet of the data, and continuing to perform the data transmission/reception without regard to the detected state of the folder until the last packet of the data has been detected.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a user device for implementing direct penetrating communication between a user device under a NAT and another user device under a different NAT and a method for the same. Detection message is sent to an auxiliary detecting device in an external network through a selected local port. Then the reply message from said auxiliary detecting device will be received and the NAT-translated NAT source port of said detection message can be obtained. By comparing the NAT source ports of a plurality of detection messages, it can be determined whether or not the selected port is a penetrated port. After that, the corresponding NAT source address and NAT penetrated port will be informed to another user device under a different NAT (also, the NAT penetrated port and NAT source port determined by said another user device will be received via said external-network device).

Abstract: The present invention modifies existing media independent handover (MIH) function (MIHF) frame format as defined by the IEEE 802.21 standard. In one embodiment, the variable load of the MIHF frame is modified to eliminate the MIHF variable header by defining the MIHF identification (ID) field and the session ID field as fixed fields in the MIHF fixed header. Thus, the MIHF variable load is only made up of the MIHF payload. In another embodiment, a field such as an information element (IE), a header, or MIH service data such as a command or an event, is represented by a type field, a length field and a value field (TLV). The length of the value field is exactly 128 octets, and the length field only occupies one octet.

Abstract: Disclosed is radar wave detection and DFS (dynamic frequency selection) with high efficiency while considering, for instance, the power consumption of each communication station within an autonomous distributed network. At least one communication station runs in an interference avoidance operation mode, operates a radar wave detection section, and fulfills the obligation to issue instructions for radar wave detection and DFS for an approximately predetermined period of time. After the lapse of the approximately predetermined period of time, another communication station switches to the interference avoidance operation mode and assumes the obligation to issue instructions for radar wave detection and DFS. In other words, two or more communication stations sequentially run in the interference avoidance operation mode in a time sharing manner. Therefore, the average power consumption of the communication stations decreases.

Abstract: A method for routing message traffic over a communication network. In one example, the method comprises receiving, at a first server, a request from a subscriber terminal and transmitting, from the first server to a subscriber location function of the network, a message requesting routing information to a user database serving the subscriber terminal. A response message is transmitted from the subscriber location function of the network to the first server, the response message including routing information for a second server instead of the user database, wherein the response message is transmitted in a format indicating to the first server that communication with the user database has occurred when it has not. The first server receives the response message transmitted by the subscriber location function and transmits the request from the subscriber terminal to the second server.

Abstract: A network controller operates in an unlicensed wireless communication system including a first radio access network. The network controller includes a Up interface for communicating with a mobile station and an IP network interface. The network controller includes a network interface for connecting the network controller to a UMTS core network that is accessible to a second radio access network that includes a UTRAN. The network interface includes an Iu-CS interface to communicate with a MSC in the UMTS core network. The network interface supports signaling protocols for circuit-switched services while inter-working with the UMTS core network via the Iu-CS interface using a layered protocol that includes a RANAP layer over a SCCP layer and several Iu-CS control plane lower layers. The network controller includes modules for generating and/or processing messages transmitted over the network interface. The network controller appears to the UMTS core network as a UTRAN RNC.

Abstract: A method and a system for detecting access point devices that provide unauthorized wireless access to local area computer networks is provided. The method includes transferring one or more marker packets to the wired portion of the local area network. The one or more marker packets include an authentication data that is computed based at least upon identify of the wirelessly active access point device and a secret key. The method includes processing one or more wireless frames transmitted from the wirelessly active access point device to extract and to verify at least a portion of the authentication data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communications network including transmitting stations and receiving stations for transmitting and receiving signals, the transmitting stations being adapted for transmitting a data signal as a series of data packets, wherein a data packet is scheduled to be transmitted by use of an available transmission resource, and receiving stations for transmitting a reservation indicator for reception by transmitting stations.

Abstract: A novel and useful mechanism for the detection and estimation of far-end cross talk (FEXT) caused by transmissions over adjacent wire pairs or cables. The detection and estimation technique of the invention can be used to identify FET impairments in Ethernet and DSL systems. The detection and estimation scheme is performed utilizing an adaptive FEXT canceller filter for detection purposes during normal operation of the system. FEXT filter tap coefficients are determined one at a time using a mechanism shared amongst all taps. Once adapted, the filter coefficients can be used to estimate FEXT strength and to determine spectral measurements of the FEXT impairment noise.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for stamping any Ethernet frames. Any Ethernet frame is provided with a time stamp, it being possible to use standard Ethernet controllers defined according to IEEE 802.X. This is achieved by the method in such a way that the stamp is applied between an Ethernet controller operated in RAW mode and a “Physical Layer” to an area of the Media Access Control (MAC) destination address, while the original MAC destination address is advantageously encoded in the remaining area.

Abstract: Micro-tunnels are used to provide multiple data service sessions to the same mobile node in a wireless communications system. Further, the flexibility of the micro-tunnels optimizes the resources of the system. On request for a data service, an encapsulation configuration record is generated. An encapsulation header is created in response to the encapsulation configuration. The encapsulation header includes a packet service identifier and a micro-tunnel identifier.

Abstract: A wireless communication terminal transmitting/receiving data with a folder closed and a method thereof are disclosed. The wireless communication terminal includes: a wireless transceiver for transmitting and receiving data through a wireless communication network; a storage for storing the transmitted data and the received data; a detector for detecting a state of the folder of the wireless communication terminal in order to determine whether the folder is opened or closed; an outputting unit for indicating a result of the data transmission/reception; and a controller for analyzing the transmitted/received data to detect the last packet of the data, and continuing to perform the data transmission/reception without regard to the detected state of the folder until the last packet of the data has been detected.

Abstract: A supply line structure for supplying energy to electrical components of a motor vehicle, and for the transmission of information between at least a portion of the components (so-called Powerline Communications). To improve the channel characteristics of the information transmission via the supply line structure, it is proposed that the supply lines be arranged in a star configuration having at least one star point, the or each star point an impedance which corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the individual supply line branches running into it. To that end, it is proposed in particular that at the or each star point, an additional series resistor, frequency-dependent for frequencies below 100 MHz, be disposed in the incoming supply line branches. The series resistor is preferably configured as a ferrite sleeve.

Abstract: An apparatus for collision resolution among home networking stations using carrier sense. More specifically, an apparatus for collision resolution among home networking stations using Media Access Control (MAC) in the HomePNA 2.0 specification for constructing home networks is provided. The apparatus provides collision resolution to a larger number of stations than the number of stations protected by the HomePNA specification. In addition, the apparatus prevents the generation of errors caused by incorrect calculation of the number of back-off signals in the case of a carrier sense signal.

Abstract: A method for managing a group of communication terminals making up a star network, and an apparatus using the method are provided. The star network may be made up of at least one general communication terminal and a central communication terminal controlling the whole network. The method provides requesting the central communication terminal to establish a communication channel for managing a group and having a communication channel established for managing a group by the central communication terminal, receiving group information of a group which includes a predetermined terminal of the general communication terminal or a central communication terminal, and storing the group information. Therefore, it is possible to create and manage a group of communication terminals based on each application function in a star network. In addition, communication between communication terminals in the same group can be performed smoothly.

Abstract: An apparatus in one example comprises one or more network controllers that serve to allow a second user agent to communicate with a first user agent through employment of a codec format unsupported by the first user agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a method and apparatus for detecting collisions on a shared access network. In accordance with the present invention, two or more RF modulated signals having a plurality of different phase states are transmitted to a central controller, wherein two or more of the transmitted signals collide at the central controller. The collision detection system then determines a characteristic of the collision signal, such as the absolute value of the peak amplitude of the collision signal. The collision detection system then compares the characteristic with a plurality of thresholds and determines the number of RF modulated signals that collided as a function of the comparison. The method for detecting collisions may further include monitoring a plurality of collision events to determine a characteristic, such as the absolute value of the peak amplitude of the collision signal, of each of the collision events.

Abstract: A bus master for a bus for connection of sensors and/or an ignition means device, which has at least two bus driver arrangements allowing data to be received independently of one another. For this purpose a polling operation, specifically using a multiplexer or a demodulator associated through one of the particular bus driver arrangements, is used. Furthermore, a state machine is provided, which also alternatingly determines the system status on the basis of the measured quantities determined on the bus conductor for the particular bus driver arrangement. In a refinement, a particular bus driver may have a dedicated processor for system status determination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a data signal for transmission to a remote device transmits at least two synchronized copies of the data signal, in optical form, in different directions. To that end, the data signal first is synchronized to a clock signal to produce a composite signal. The composite signal then is converted to an optical signal, which is referred to as an “outgoing signal.” A plurality of copies of the outgoing signal then are transmitted. At least two copies of the outgoing signal are transmitted in different directions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a network comprising a plurality of network nodes. At least part of the network nodes are directly coupled to each other via at least one star node. The star node comprises a plurality of star interfaces which are assigned to at least one network node. In dependence on a respective pilot signal, a star interface conveys a message from the assigned network node to the other star interfaces, or from another star interface to at least one of the assigned network nodes. Also in the event of simultaneous arrival of at least two pilot signals at the respective star interfaces, a decision circuit releases one star interface for the transmission of data.

Abstract: A radio communication device is provided with a unit for acquiring a prediction information for a frequency, time or direction to be used by each one of the first radio control scheme of the radio communication device and a second radio control scheme of another surrounding radio communication device, and a unit for obtaining a predicted frequency, time or direction for which interferences between radio communications by the first radio control scheme and radio communications by the second radio control scheme are predicted to occur according to the prediction information, and control the radio communication unit to carry out radio communications by avoiding the predicted frequency, time or direction.

Abstract: A system, device, and method for initial ranging that dynamically adjusts the backoff window size to maximize the probability of success during contention access. The invention takes a first system performance measurement using a first backoff window size, a second system performance measurement using a second backoff window size different than the first backoff window size, and determines a third backoff window size based on the first and second system performance measurements.

Abstract: The present apparatus and method of use comprises a system that enables a cell of data to be transmitted one time over a high speed data bus to an switch system where it is then distributed to each of the destinations for which it is intended. A fabric access device and a multiplex devices are each formed to have groups of buffers for buffering signals according to type. The first group of buffers is for temporarily storing data that is to be delivered to only one destination. The second group of buffers is for holding the cells that are to be transmitted to a plurality of devices. In those embodiments in which the unicast and multicast cells are transmitted over the same line or bus a parsing unit examines a field within the header portion of each cell to determine whether the cell is a unicast or multicast cell. If the cell is a unicast cell, it is temporarily stored within the unicast receive buffer set. If the cell is a multicast cell, then it is temporarily stored in the multicast buffer set.

Abstract: In a first embodiment, an applications programming interface (API) implements and manages isochronous and asychronous data transfer operations between an application and a bus structure. During an asynchronous transfer the API includes the ability to transfer any amount of data between one or more local data buffers within the application and a range of addresses over the bus structure using one or more asynchronous transactions. An automatic transaction generator may be used to automatically generate the transactions necessary to complete the data transfer. The API also includes the ability to transfer data between the application and another node on the bus structure isochronously over a dedicated channel. During an isochronous data transfer, a buffer management scheme is used to manage a linked list of data buffer descriptors.

Abstract: A method of transmitting information to a portable computing device comprises, using a first communication protocol, transmitting a client to the portable computing device. The client configures the portable computing device to communicate with a distributor using a data transfer communication protocol. Using the data transfer communication protocol, the information is transmitted from the distributor to the portable computing device. Transmitting the information includes generating, at the distributor, a polling signal, detecting, at the distributor, an acknowledgement signal generated, in response to the polling signal, by the portable computing device, and generating, in response to the acknowledgement signal, a broadcast signal incorporating the information.

Abstract: The band management circuit of the present invention is utilized in a fiber-optic network that uses, for example, ATM-PDS, in order for an SLT to control the transmissions of a plurality of ONU, which are accommodated by this SLT. The band management circuit of the present invention stores one time in a table an identification number, which specifies a multi-point device for which transmission is authorized. An identification number stored in a table is generated by a table generating portion. The table generating portion sequentially generates the identification number of a number of transmission authorizations determined in accordance with a transmission band provided to respective multi-point devices. A write/read control portion sequentially writes to a table identification number data generated by the table generating portion.

Abstract: A network topology and packet routing method for implementing a Local Area Network (LAN) using low-voltage (120/240VAC) power wiring as the transport medium. An Access Point (AP) having a Power Line Carrier (PLC) interface and one or more IEEE 802.3 Ethernet interfaces connects to the logical center of the Power Line medium via its PLC interface. Multiple User Terminals (UT) send to and receive from their associated AP, which in turn routes data packets toward the appropriate destination. Large networks may contain more than one AP, in which case each UT selects its AP based on a metric representing connection quality between the UT and the AP.

Abstract: A glassware forming system that includes a plurality of electronic devices for performing operations on articles of glassware. These devices may comprise devices for controlling the glassware forming operation by controlling one or more operating mechanisms of a glassware forming system, or may comprise devices for inspecting articles of glassware for commercial variations that may affect commercial acceptability of the glassware and call for possible adjustment or repair of the glassware forming system. A network interconnects the devices for intercommunication among the devices, and includes a star network hub and conductors connecting the hub to the plurality of devices in a star network configuration for bidirectional communication among the devices through the hub.

Abstract: A glassware forming system that includes a plurality of electronic devices for performing operations on articles of glassware. These devices may comprise devices for controlling the glassware forming operation by controlling one or more operating mechanisms of a glassware forming system, or may comprise devices for inspecting articles of glassware for commercial variations that may affect commercial acceptability of the glassware and call for possible adjustment or repair of the glassware forming system. A network interconnects the devices for intercommunication among the devices, and includes a star network hub and conductors connecting the hub to the plurality of devices in a star network configuration for bidirectional communication among the devices through the hub.

Abstract: Support for a mixed network environment is provided which can contain multiple isochronous and/or non-isochronous LAN protocols such as isochronous-ethernet, ethernet, isochronous-token ring, token ring, other isochronous-LAN or other LAN systems. Support for a mixed environment includes a protocol detection mechanism which is embodied in a handshaking scheme. This handshaking scheme determines the signalling capability at the end points of the link and implements the correct protocol. This enables isochronous nodes and hubs to automatically detect the presence of ethernet, token ring, or other LAN equipment at the other end of the network cable. If this detection occurs, the isochronous LAN equipment will fall-back to a LAN compliant mode of operation. Typically, only the hub will have the capability of operating in different networking modes, such as ethernet, Token Ring isochronous modes.