Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer programs are presented for managing resources to deliver a network service in a distributed configuration. A method includes an operation for identifying resources for delivering a network service, the resources being classified by geographic area. Further, the method includes operations for selecting service agents to configure the identified resources, each service agent to manage service pools for delivering the network service across at least one geographic area, the service agents being selected to provide configurability for the service pools. The method further includes operations for sending configuration rules, to the service agents, configured to establish service pools for delivering the network service across the geographic areas. Service traffic information is collected from the service agents, and the resources are adjusted based on the collected service traffic information.

Abstract: A bus system is provided. A memory device is electrically connected to a master device via a serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus. A plurality of slave devices are electrically connected to the master device via an enhanced SPI (eSPI) bus. Each of the slave devices has an alert handshake pin. The alert handshake pins of the slave devices are electrically connected together via an alert-handshake control line. The first slave device is electrically connected to the memory device via the SPI bus. After obtaining a program code from the memory device, the first slave device verifies the program code using a security code and controls the alert-handshake control line to unlock all the slave devices except for the first slave device via the alert handshake pin in response to the program code being verified. The unlocked slave devices communicate with the master device via the eSPI bus.

Abstract: The apparatus may be a first device at a first RU (e.g., UE, base station, etc.). The first RU may be configured to receive, from a control unit, a configuration for relaying or repeating data received from a second RU to a receiving unit. The first RU may further be configured to determine whether first feedback associated with the data is received from the second RU. The first RU may also be configured to transmit second feedback to the receiving unit or the control unit, the second feedback including first information indicating at least one of the first feedback or whether the first feedback was received.

Abstract: A system for negotiating Ethernet link settings between interconnected nodes in a network having an Ethernet protocol stack that includes a PCS sub-layer with an auto-negotiation function. The system comprises connecting an intermediate device coupled between two network nodes via optical or copper interfaces, with the link settings between each node and the connected intermediate device being the same, thereby bypassing the auto-negotiation of the PCS sub-layer in the intermediate device. The intermediate device may transparently send negotiation messages from each node to the other during the link negotiation phase without interacting with those messages. Instead of the intermediate device, a single form pluggable (SFP) device may be connected between the two network nodes via optical or copper interfaces on the network side and via an SFP slot on the device side.

Abstract: A transmitter may allocate resources across multiple links for a transmission to a receiver. The transmitter may transmit a resource grant to the receiver. The transmission may include a data packet allocated across multiple links, and pilot signals on a number of links. The receiver may use an indicator included with the resource grant to trigger measurement of channel quality for links with pilot signals.

Abstract: A device implementing unified coordination of wireless communications over multiple physical layers may include a MAC module communicatively coupled to first and second physical layer modules that are each configured to communicate with another device over first and second physical wireless channels, respectively. The MAC module may be configured to provide data to the first physical layer module for transmission to the another device over the first physical wireless channel, where the first physical wireless channel is associated with a first link parameter. The MAC module may be further configured to facilitate initializing the second physical wireless channel based at least in part on the first link parameter of the first physical wireless channel, and after initialization of the second physical wireless channel, provide second data to the second physical layer module for transmission to the another device over the second physical wireless channel.

Abstract: A procedure and frame structure for Wi-Fi sensing is described. An aspect of the disclosure provides a method of sensing. Such the method includes sending, by an initiating station (STA) to a plurality of responder STAs, a sensing request comprising a sensing announcement frame indicating identifiers (ID) of the plurality of responder STAs. Such a method further includes receiving, by the initiating STA from the plurality of responder STAs, one or more responses based on the sensing request. In some embodiments, the announcement frame further indicates resource unit assignments for receiving acknowledgements from the plurality of responder STAs. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, by the initiating STA from the plurality of responder STAs, the acknowledgements indicating a willingness to participate in the sensing procedure.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus for implementing collision detection in data transmission are described, One example method includes sending a data packet including collision detection information to a receive end, where the collision detection information is used by the receive end to perform collision detection on the data packet. A status indication message sent by the receive end is received by the receive end when sending the data packet. The receive end parses the status indication message. If the status indication message includes collision information, the receive end perform retransmission of the data packet.

Abstract: In a wireless network, a user equipment (UE) may skip an uplink transmission associated with a dynamic uplink grant. In such cases, when the UE skips an uplink transmission that would have been concurrent with a downlink transmission, the UE may perform one or more mode-dependent control operations. For example, because the uplink transmission would result in a full-duplex operation if the UE were to perform the uplink transmission, the UE may reset a timer associated with switching from a full-duplex mode to a half-duplex mode and/or perform one or more mode-dependent control operations in the full-duplex mode. Alternatively, because the UE refrains from performing the uplink transmission that would have resulted in a full-duplex operation, the UE may maintain the timer associated with switching from the full-duplex mode to the half-duplex mode and/or perform the one or more mode-dependent control operations in the half-duplex mode.

Abstract: A communication apparatus is provided, and the communication apparatus includes a control unit that performs control to: generate channel information relating to transmittable frequency channels of data, and bandwidth information relating to a bandwidth of a frequency to be used to transmit the data; transmit a request signal to another communication apparatus, by using a frequency channel that has been selected from the transmittable frequency channels, the request signal including the channel information and the bandwidth information that have been generated; and transmit the data to the other communication apparatus, by using frequency channels that have been selected as receivable frequency channels by the other communication apparatus. The present technology can be applied, for example, to a wireless LAN system.

Abstract: A method for operation of a broadband access network of a telecommunications network includes: in a first step, a first access functionality primarily associated with a first central office point of delivery is also connected to a second central office point of delivery, and a second access functionality primarily associated with the second central office point of delivery is also connected to the first central office point of delivery; and in a second step, the cluster controller and both a first control functionality or control plane of the first central office point of delivery and a second control functionality or control plane of the second central office point of delivery control whether the first and second access functionalities are served by the first central office point of delivery or second central office point of delivery.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a next generation wireless communication system for supporting a higher data transfer rate and the like beyond 4th generation (4G) wireless communication systems. Provided according to various embodiments are a method for transmitting/receiving a signal in a wireless communication system and a device supporting same, and various other embodiments may also be provided.

Abstract: A wireless station and protocols for a wireless local area network (WLAN) to support real-time application (RTA) packets in setting up an unsolicited retry policy for RTA packets within a TXOP in which the station retransmits RTA packets in time and frequency domains without waiting for feedback. Setting up block acknowledgement (BA) agreements to receive feedback for adapting future packet transmissions. Dropping an RTA packet if a retry count for that packet exceeds the unsolicited retry limit, or a lifetime of that packet has expired. Supporting multi-link devices (MLDs) including access point multi-link devices (AP-MLDs) for performing simultaneous transmit/receive (STR), and non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLDs) which are not configured for simultaneous transmit/receive (non-STR).

Abstract: A vehicle route guidance computer system is configured to store habitual travel routes for drivers; detect driving by a vehicle of one of the drivers along one of the habitual travel routes; monitor vehicle location along the route; monitor traffic signal states and traffic conditions along the route; calculate an optimal velocity of the vehicle to maximize likelihood of reaching a next traffic signal along the route when the signal is green, and transmit a guidance signal to a guidance device in a vehicle to advise the driver to decelerate or accelerate the vehicle. The vehicle route guidance computer system may be further configured to detect an adverse condition along the route, calculate an alternative route, and transmit a direction guidance signal to the guidance device for guiding the driver to the alternative route.

Abstract: A monitoring device for monitoring an impedance of a protective conductor. The monitoring device has a first voltage divider for connection to a voltage source including a series connection to a first resistor and a second resistor. The second resistor has a resistance value which corresponds to a threshold value for the impedance of the protective conductor. A second voltage divider includes a series connection to a third resistor and a bridge diode and a connection to the first resistor at a first end of the third resistor and connectable to a second end of the third resistor and to the protective conductor. A measuring device is provided for the detection of a bridge voltage between a first node and a second node if the impedance of the protective conductor is greater than the value of the second resistor.

Abstract: A vehicle with an automatic accident report function. The vehicle includes a transmitter, a collector, a determiner, and a vehicle estimator. The transmitter automatically transmits, to a server apparatus, accident emergency information that is usable by the server apparatus to estimate injury of an occupant of the vehicle when an accident of the vehicle is detected or forecasted. The collector collects, in the vehicle, information of the vehicle involved in the accident. The determiner determines whether a communication environment is appropriate for transmission of the information from the transmitter to the server apparatus. The vehicle estimator estimates the injury of the occupant, using the information collected by the collector.

Abstract: A method and a device for handling an adaptive retransmission in a wireless communication system. The method includes receiving a RRC signaling configuring that the UE skips an UL transmission if there is no data available for transmission, receiving an UL grant for retransmission for a HARQ process when a HARQ buffer of the HARQ process is empty, and discarding the UL grant for the retransmission even if there is data available for transmission.

Abstract: Sidelink protocols enable user devices to rapidly find, make contact with, and continue communicating with other user devices. For example, vehicles in traffic can communicate on a low-complexity sidelink channel to cooperatively avoid collisions, saving countless lives. Disclosed protocols also enable mobile and IoT devices to form a self-organized temporary local network, independently of base stations. Example messages include a sidelink hailing message configured to discover other user devices, sidelink reply messages indicating the location or identity of each user device, sidelink semaphore messages indicating when each member enters and exits the temporary local network, and extremely fast low-latency emergency communication between vehicles. The disclosed low-complexity protocols may enable cost-constrained use cases that would remain unfeasible under 5G and 6G requirements, absent the systems and methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: The various embodiments provide methods implemented in a multi-RF communication device for managing a victim subscription's de-sense by proactively implementing an RF coexistence management strategy on the victim subscription when an RF coexistence event starts. In various embodiments, a multi-RF communication device may implement an RF coexistence management strategy by determining when an aggressor subscription will de-sense a victim subscription and configuring the victim to anticipate and mitigate de-sense during the aggressor's transmissions. Thus, the various embodiments may provide dramatic improvements to the victim's overall reception performance and overall user experience.

Abstract: A first relay device for installation at a vehicle, the first relay device comprising, a first memory and a first processor coupled to the first memory. The first processor being configured to receive a communication frame transmitted from another relay device. The first processor being configured to based on first relay information, in which destination address information expressing a destination address of a communication frame and a relay target bus are associated with each other, and based on the destination address information included in the received communication frame, identify the relay target bus. The first processor being configured to in a case in which the relay target bus of the received communication frame is not identified, output an anomaly notification signal indicating an anomaly to the other relay device.

Abstract: A secure industrial control system is disclosed herein. The industrial control system includes a plurality of industrial elements (e.g., modules, cables) which are provisioned during manufacture with their own unique security credentials. A key management entity of the secure industrial control system monitors and manages the security credentials of the industrial elements starting from the time they are manufactured up to and during their implementation within the industrial control system for promoting security of the industrial control system. An authentication process, based upon the security credentials, for authenticating the industrial elements being implemented in the industrial control system is performed for promoting security of the industrial control system. In one or more implementations, all industrial elements of the secure industrial control system are provisioned with the security credentials for providing security at multiple (e.g., levels of the system.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a communication unit which receives a frame at a first transmission period, demodulates control information from a received frame, modulates transmission data, and broadcasts a modulated transmission data at a second transmission period as a radio frequency packet signal, a period determination unit which determines the second transmission period based on vehicle information, and a transmission and reception control unit which generates a transmission timing trigger signal for determining a transmission timing of the transmission data based on the control information and the second transmission period, and outputs the transmission data to the communication unit in synchronization with the transmission timing trigger signal. The second transmission period is equal to or longer than the first transmission period.

Abstract: Co-existence between an Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation system and a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system is achieved by generating a number of transmission beams for a first group of user equipment operating using LTE, and a second group of user equipment operating using the OTFS protocol, and transmitting a first group of data packets formatted according to the LTE protocol to the first group of user equipment and a second group of data packets formatted according to the OTFS protocol to the second group of user equipment. The transmissions are performed by precoding and modulating the first group of data packets according to an LTE modulation scheme, and precoding and modulating the second group of data packets according to an OTFS modulation scheme.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods in 5G and 6G, for compensating frequency shifts caused by the relative motion of a transmitter and receiver. For communication between a mobile user device and a base station, protocols can provide that the messages received by the base station comply with a predetermined channel frequency. Further protocols can provide that a mobile user device may transmit and receive messages at the same frequency. For sidelink communication, protocols can provide that peer devices can either transmit or receive at a predetermined channel frequency, greatly assisting reception of the messages.

Abstract: Secure medical apparatus communication is described herein. An example apparatus can include a processor and an apparatus communication component. The apparatus communication component can be coupled to the processor and can be configured to, in response to receiving data from an external communication component, generate an apparatus private key and an apparatus public key, provide the apparatus public key and data to the external communication component, receive data from the external communication component in response to providing the apparatus public key and data to the external communication component, decrypt the received data using the apparatus private key, verify an identity of the external communication component, and in response to verifying the identity of the external communication component, perform an operation on the medical apparatus using the received data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, articles of manufacture, and computer-readable media. A computing device may wirelessly receive a network address for a resource from a contactless card that is in an inactivated payment state. A web browser executing on the computing device may access the resource at the network address. The resource in the web browser may operate a card reader of the computing device to receive a cryptogram from the contactless card. The resource in the web browser may transmit the cryptogram to a server. The resource in the web browser may receive, from the server, a response specifying that the contactless card has been transitioned from the inactivated payment state to an activated payment state.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for processing transit time of a navigation path, a device and a computer storage medium. The method comprises: obtaining turning signs of target intersections in the navigation path in a current region as requested by a user and a request time period in which the user requests for navigation; determining time spent by the user in passing through the target intersections, according to the request time period, turning signs of the target intersections, a preset turning probability database and preset waiting time for respective turns; determining the transit time for the user to pass through the navigation path, according to the time spent by the user in passing through road segments in the navigation path and time spent in passing through the target intersections in the navigation path.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for implementing a service-level agreement (SLA) apparatus receive a request from a requester via a network interface of the gateway, the request comprising an inference model identifier that identifies a handler of the request, and a response time indicator. The response time indicator relates to a time within which the request is to be handled indicates an undefined time within which the request is to be handled. The apparatus determines a network location of a handler that is a platform or an inference model to handle the request consistent with the response time indicator, and routes the request to the handler at the network location.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for radio link monitoring in a wireless communication system and an apparatus for the method. More specifically, a method for a user equipment (UE) to perform Radio Link Monitoring (RLM) in a wireless communication system comprises performing second RLM on a cell based on a Reference Signal (RS) other than a Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS) and determining an Radio Link Failure (RLF) with respect to the cell based on the second RLM, wherein a condition for determining an RLF applied to the second RLM is different from the condition for determining an RLF applied to CRS-based first RLM.

Abstract: A method, a central control system and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are provided for determining driving assisting data in relation to a vehicle based on sensor data and map data in relation to other vehicles. Sensor data are obtained from a sensor system of a first vehicle, the sensor data comprising a pose and a velocity of a second vehicle located in a surrounding environment of the first vehicle. Furthermore, map data are obtained comprising a road geometry of the surrounding environment of the first vehicle. The pose and the velocity of the second vehicle are compared with the map data, and driving assisting data in relation to a third vehicle are determined based on the comparison.

Abstract: Aspects directed towards a frame-based equipment (FBE) design for a multi-operator New Radio shared spectrum (NR-SS) are disclosed. In one example, at least one contention slot is monitored within a fixed frame period of an unlicensed spectrum, and a determination is performed of whether a channel reservation signal associated with a higher priority node has been detected within the at least one contention slot. For this example, the at least one contention slot is associated with a resource of a subsequent fixed frame period of the unlicensed spectrum. A determination is then made of whether to transmit communication via the resource. Here, the communication is transmitted via the resource, if the channel reservation signal is not detected, and the communication is not transmitted via the resource, if the channel reservation signal is detected.

Abstract: A NOF-based read control method, apparatus, and system belong to the field of networked storage. The method includes: receiving, by a NOF engine by using a communication link, a read request sent by a host; sending at least one read command to an NVMe hard disk based on the read request; and when congestion occurs on the communication link, generating a congestion flag corresponding to the communication link, and sending the congestion flag to the NVMe hard disk, where the congestion flag is used to instruct the NVMe hard disk to suspend processing of the read command corresponding to the communication link.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a service access method and device, capable of improving user experience. The method includes: a first device determines, according to path priority information, a target access path for a service to be accessed, where the path priority information is used to indicate an access path preferentially selected by the first device; and the first device accesses the service to be accessed by using the target access path.

Abstract: Embodiments of a device and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a physical layer (PHY) device that is compatible with the IEEE 802.3 standard and that utilizes carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) for media access control to a shared media is disclosed. The PHY device includes a physical coding sublayer transmitter (PCS-TX), a physical medium attachment transmitter (PMA-TX), a physical coding sublayer receiver (PCS-RX), a physical medium attachment receiver (PMA-RX), and a media access priority manager configured to initiate transmission of an indication of a priority of a frame that is to be transmitted onto the shared media.

Abstract: A data transmission method and related apparatuses are disclosed. A sanding node transmits a plurality of data packets to a receiving node at an initial transmission rate. Each data packet carries a random sequence number and a rolling sequence number. The random sequence number identifies a data part of the data packet, and the rolling sequence number indicates a transmission sequence of the data packet. The sending node receives a packet loss feedback from the receiving node. The packet loss feedback is generated after the receiving node detects a packet loss event according to rolling sequence numbers of received data packets. The sending node determines a random sequence number of a lost data packet based on the received packet loss feedback. The sending node transmits a replacement data packet to the receiving node. The replacement data packet carries a different rolling sequence number.

Abstract: A method and system for improving responsiveness in exchanging management and control frames in a wireless local area network are disclosed. An initiator sends a frame (action frame, management frame, CSI frame, control frame, or data frame) to a responder. Upon correctly receiving the frame, the responder sends a response frame to the initiator instead of directly sending an acknowledgement (ACK) packet. The responder preferably accesses the wireless medium to send the response frame in a short inter-frame spacing (SIFS). With this scheme, a long delay associated with having to contend for the wireless medium to send the response frame is avoided and therefore, the responsiveness and timeliness of the feedback mechanism is significantly enhanced. The response frame may be piggybacked on or aggregated with another packet.

Abstract: System and techniques for enhanced electronic navigation maps for a vehicle are described herein. A descriptor set-up message may be received at a network controller interface (NIC). Here, the descriptor set-up message includes an ethernet frame descriptor. The NIC may then use the ethernet frame descriptor to transmit, across a physical interface of the NIC, multiple ethernet frames, each of which use the same ethernet frame descriptor from the set-up message.

Abstract: A single-wire bus (SuBUS) apparatus is provided. The SuBUS apparatus includes a master circuit coupled to a slave circuit(s) by a SuBUS. The master circuit can enable or suspend a SuBUS telegram communication over the SuBUS. When the master circuit suspends the SuBUS telegram communication over the SuBUS, the slave circuit(s) may draw a charging current via the SuBUS to perform a defined slave operation. Notably, the master circuit may not have knowledge about exact completion time of the defined slave operation and thus may be unable to resume the SuBUS telegram communication in a timely manner. The slave circuit(s) can be configured to generate a predefined interruption pulse sequence to cause the master circuit to resume the SuBUS telegram communication over the SuBUS. As such, it may be possible for the master circuit to quickly resume the SuBUS telegram communication, thus helping to improve throughput of the SuBUS.

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes an aggregation circuit, a processing circuit and a transmitter. The aggregation circuit is arranged to execute an aggregation operation to generate a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). The processing circuit is coupled to the aggregation circuit and arranged to generate a first indicator indicating a length of the PPDU and include the first indicator into a first field in a preamble of the PPDU. The transmitter is coupled to the processing circuit and arranged to transmit the PPDU to an access point.

Abstract: A wayfinding system comprising: a first device comprising at least one sensor for sensing a spatial environment to generate a first map, said a first device positioned in a first position in said spatial environment; a second device for receiving signals from said first device to determine a relative position of said second device within said spatial environment; and wherein on said second device said relative position is used in conjunction with said first map to provide turn-by-turn navigation within said spatial environment.

Abstract: A communication method for transmitting a block acknowledgment (BlockAck) frame is presented. The communication method includes receiving a plurality of frames from a transmitting device, wherein the payload of a frame may consist of either fragmented or unfragmented packet, recording the receive status of the frames, generating a BlockAck frame that contains at least one Bitmap field used to indicate the receive status of the frames, the number of bits allocated in the Bitmap field for a packet being variable and transmitting the BlockAck frame.

Abstract: An extension of the existing CAN FD data transmission protocol. The extension enables the use of the IPv6 protocol for the CAN bus. The CAN FD protocol is further developed in an incompatible way. One modification measure relates to the lengthening of the Data Field, which is positioned in the transmission frame after an Arbitration Field. An arbitrary number of bytes can be entered in the extended Data Field within a specified upper limit. Since the Data Field is transmitted at a higher bit rate field than the Arbitration Field, the data throughput is increased dramatically.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program capable of providing more useful information to a driver. [Solution] An information processing apparatus including: a prediction section configured to predict accident probability of a vehicle driven by a user; and an output control section configured to cause information to be output to the user, the information corresponding to a factor that increases the accident probability predicted by the prediction section.

Abstract: A system for negotiating Ethernet link settings between interconnected nodes in a network having an Ethernet protocol stack that includes a PCS sub-layer with an auto-negotiation function. The system comprises connecting an intermediate device coupled between two network nodes via optical or copper interfaces, with the link settings between each node and the connected intermediate device being the same, thereby bypassing the auto-negotiation of the PCS sub-layer in the intermediate device. The intermediate device may transparently send negotiation messages from each node to the other during the link negotiation phase without interacting with those messages. Instead of the intermediate device, a single form pluggable (SFP) device may be connected between the two network nodes via optical or copper interfaces on the network side and via an SFP slot on the device side.

Abstract: Delays in the transmission of ULL traffic are avoided or substantially reduced by the initiation of opportunistic and probability-based in-band, traffic-free time period windows that do not correspond to time periods of ULL traffic transmissions.

Abstract: A device and a method for mixed mode communication are disclosed. For example, a Bluetooth master device transmits data packets to a Bluetooth slave device and receives acknowledgments from the Bluetooth slave device, by controlling a transceiver to transmit the data packets based on a Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate (BR/EDR) protocol, and to receive the acknowledgements packet (ACK) based on a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol. In another example, a Bluetooth slave device receives the data packets from a Bluetooth master device and transmits acknowledgments to the Bluetooth master device, by controlling a transceiver to receive the data packets based on a BR/EDR protocol, and to transmit the ACK based on a BLE protocol.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for automatically reconfiguring network parameters are described. Some embodiments identify communication channels that may interfere with higher priority equipment and deactivate communication channels that may cause harmful interference. Some APs are switched to 2.4 GHz communication channels. In some embodiments, AP operating parameters, such as transmission power are adjusted to reduce interference for higher priority receivers.

Abstract: Example data transmission methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes obtaining at least two signature sequences used to perform multiple access for at least two to-be-sent data packets by a user equipment. The user equipment processes the at least two data packets by respectively using corresponding signature sequences, to obtain at least two transmit sequences. The user equipment sends the at least two transmit sequences to a network device on a same time-frequency resource. Then the network device obtains the at least two signature sequences used by the user equipment to send the at least two transmit sequences, and separately detects a corresponding transmit sequence based on each signature sequence, to obtain the at least two data packets. The user equipment can transmit a plurality of data packets on a same time-frequency resource in a same slot.

Abstract: A framework for virtual network element of optical access networking has been designed to provide a cloud-residing core system (i.e. Mobile core controller or SDN controller) for running higher layers without requiring dedicated hardware at the edge of the network. In this framework, a service operator can create multiple optical access network connections for serving a single or multiple types of wired or wireless subscriber by programming (via software) optical ports of a Virtual Optical Edge Device to perform the desired MAC and/or PHY layer of a selected optical protocol. The Virtual Optical Edge Device in turn performs the desired PHY function or MAC and PHY function of selected protocol per each southbound port. The Virtual Optical Edge Device performs data abstraction function on all data associated with southbound ports and presents the core network a unified API via its northbound ports.

Abstract: An automated environment can include multiple controller devices capable of communicating with multiple accessory devices. The controller devices can automatically elect one of their number as a coordinator device for the environment and can automatically perform a new election if an incumbent coordinator becomes unavailable or resigns. The election processes can be transparent to any users. An elected coordinator can perform various operations to facilitate management of the automated environment, including routing of communications between controllers and accessories.