Abstract: A method of a base station (BS) to implement a listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol is provided. The method includes generating for transmission at least one of a discovery reference signal (DRS) or a data signal. The method also includes initiating an LBT protocol based on a single sensing interval to access a channel and transmit the DRS in contiguous orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The method further includes initiating an LBT protocol with random back-off to access the channel and transmit the data signal, where a back-off counter value of the LBT protocol with random back-off does not decrement when the DRS is transmitting in the channel.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining a size of a contention window, a wireless base station and a mobile station. An information transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention is performed by the wireless base station, and comprises: obtaining a contention window parameter regarding at least one mobile station; determining a size of a contention window to be used by the at least one mobile station according to the obtained contention window parameter; and generating backoff information according to the determined size of the contention window, and notifying the at least one mobile station of the backoff information.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes: controlling circuitry configured to determine parameter information on a backoff time of carrier sensing performed according to CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance) on basis of a number of other wireless communication devices which have established connections with the wireless communication device; and a transmitter configured to transmit a first frame which instructs to transmit a response frame according to the parameter information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for contention based spatial sharing in wireless communications. An example first wireless communications device includes: a memory to store data for transmission; a priority controller to: determine an estimated transmission time; set a contention window setting based on the estimated transmission time; a media access control to: wait for a timer to expire, a duration of the timer selected based on the contention window setting; and transmit the data when the timer expires.

Abstract: A method includes determining at least one first station; and sending first indication information to the first station, where the first indication information is used for indicating at least one first backoff duration, so that the first station performs a data transmission operation by using the first backoff duration, and the first backoff duration used by the first station to perform a data transmission operation is less than a second backoff duration used by a second station to perform a data transmission operation, or the first backoff duration used by the first station to perform a data transmission operation is greater than the second backoff duration used by the second station to perform a data transmission operation. Shortening backoff durations of some stations can ensure that these stations send data first, and extending backoff durations of some stations can ensure that the other stations send data first.

Abstract: A signal processing method, a related device, and an apparatus for intelligently changing a signal frequency band according to a requirement during downlink or uplink signal transmission. The disclosure includes splitting a downlink signal into a first downlink signal and a second downlink signal, where the second downlink signal is a signal defined by a preset standard, and the downlink signal is an analog signal; performing an analog-to-digital conversion on the second downlink signal to obtain a third downlink signal; filtering the third downlink signal to obtain a fourth downlink signal; performing a digital-to-analog conversion on the fourth downlink signal to obtain a fifth downlink signal; and combining the first downlink signal and the fifth downlink signal to obtain a downlink output signal.

Abstract: Provided is an on-chip network device which basically operates in a packet switching network mode, establishes an exclusive communication path according to a request for a specific path, performs networking in a circuit switching network mode, and switches a network mode back to the packet switching network mode, when communication in the circuit switching network mode is terminated.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for dynamic, adaptive scanning of communication channels are provided. A device alternates between scan cycles and rest cycles. A scan cycle includes interleaved intervals of scanning and resting. A scan interval may involve active or passive scanning, and a rest interval may be active or inactive. An active rest interval is spent tending to a communication requirement other than scanning (e.g., an infrastructure connection, a peer-to-peer connection). An inactive rest interval may be spent in a low-power mode of operation. Rest cycles, like rest intervals, may also be active or inactive. Durations of rest cycles and rest intervals increase each time a scan cycle completes without detection of any significant event or signal (e.g., until they reach a maximum). Upon detection of a significant event, they decrease, possibly by being reset to default durations.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the optimization of an access to a medium in wireless networks which can be accessed by a plurality of nodes, each node of the plurality of nodes using a medium access mechanism of the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance type based on a computation of a backoff value. A specific value is associated with each node of a set of nodes of the plurality of nodes, the specific value of a node being known by the other nodes of the set of nodes. According to the invention, a backoff value is determined for each node of the set of nodes, in each node of the set of nodes, the backoff value associated with a node being determined as a function of the specific value associated with that node.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a first wireless device initializes a first threshold and sends a first frame transmission to a second wireless device. When the first wireless device determines that the first frame transmission was successful, it adjusts the first threshold to a second threshold that is greater than the first threshold. Additionally, when the first wireless device determines that the first frame transmission was not successful, the first wireless device adjusts the first threshold to a third threshold that is less than the first threshold. The thresholds can be associated with any measure, including carrier sensitivity and/or energy detection.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for low-complexity feedback in a multiuser and multipoint cooperative communication system. The base station in the multiuser and multipoint cooperative communication system transmits a feedback stop signal to a terminal in order for the terminal receiving the feedback stop signal to stop feedback for a predetermined period. The terminal receiving the feedback stop signal stops the feedback of channel information for a period indicated by the feedback stop signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for allowing group access to the wireless medium of a wireless network are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes performing a backoff procedure for each of one or more certain classes. The method may further include receiving an indication that the backoff procedure for at least one of the one or more certain classes is complete. In some aspects, once the backoff procedure for a class is completed, performing one or more transmissions which are transmittable simultaneously with other transmissions in the class. Finally, the method may update the backoff procedures for the class based on the one or more transmissions. In some aspects, the backoff procedures may be updated based on certain fairness conditions.

Abstract: Quality of Service (QoS) support is provided by means of a Tiered Contention Multiple Access (TCMA) distributed medium access protocol that schedules transmission of different types of traffic based on their service quality specifications. In one embodiment, a wireless station is supplied with data from a source having a lower QoS priority QoS(A), such as file transfer data. Another wireless station is supplied with data from a source having a higher QoS priority QoS(B), such as voice and video data. Each wireless station can determine the urgency class of its pending packets according to a scheduling algorithm. For example file transfer data is assigned lower urgency class and voice and video data is assigned higher urgency class. There are several urgency classes which indicate the desired ordering. Pending packets in a given urgency class are transmitted before transmitting packets of a lower urgency class.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an access system and a communication method for an optical fiber network. A virtual ONU located on a user side is established, and an ONU control plane function, a PON MAC function, and a QoS function on an existing ONU is moved downwards to a virtual ONU. After the forgoing function modules are removed from the existing ONU, the existing ONU becomes an ONU physical converter and only has a function of converting the PON physical layer frame and the first user side physical layer frame.

Abstract: The transmission and retransmission of radio link control (RLC) data protocol data units (PDUs) is managed by user equipment (UE). An indication is received, by the UE, that an RLC data PDU was not received by a receiving device. The RLC data PDU, that was not received, is retransmitted and prioritized over other RLC data PDUs. A number of times that the RLC data PDU was retransmitted is tracked by the UE.

Abstract: A first network device including a link module, a collision module, an auto-negotiation module, and a duplex module. The link module generates a first parameter based on whether a link is established between the first network device and a second network device. The collision module generates a second parameter based on whether a collision between transmitted signals has occurred as a result of transmitting data from the first network device to the second network device while transmitting other data from the second network device to the first network device. The auto-negotiation module generates a third parameter based on whether an auto-negotiation procedure has been performed between the first and second network devices. The duplex module, based on the first, second, and third parameters, determines a duplex mode of the first network device or the second network device or transitions the first network device between half-duplex and full-duplex mode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for an initial access over a wireless LAN. The method for an initial access by a station (STA) comprises: a step in which the STA receives initial access setup information from an access point (AP); and a step in which the STA determines whether to implement the initial access on the basis of the initial access setup information and the initial access decision information of the STA. Accordingly, the initial access of the STA can be distributed.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media can be operable to facilitate the management of access point transmissions based upon priority of traffic. An access point may periodically cycle between aggressive phases, during which the access point contends for downstream transmission opportunities aggressively, and background phases, during which the access point contends for downstream transmission opportunities passively. The access point may alternate between aggressive and background phases based upon a priority level of received packets, services, and/or clients. The access point may also alternate between aggressive and background phases based upon the congestion level and/or health of an associated network.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for accessing a channel in a wireless LAN. A method for a station (STA) initially accessing the channel in the wireless LAN comprises the steps of: the STA receiving from an access point (AP) a frame including channel state information and a set of an N (a natural number wherein N>1) number of access parameter sets; the STA selecting a random variable when the channel state information indicates that a wireless link is busy; the STA selecting one access parameter set from the N number of access parameter sets on the basis of the one access parameter and transmitting an association request frame to the AP.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for assigning slot. The method includes: constructing an HELLO packet, the HELLO packet including GTS request information of a local node or including GTS request information of the local node and GTS request information of at least one neighboring node within a collision domain of the local node; and broadcasting the HELLO packet, so that a node receiving the HELLO packet performs slot reservation according to information contained in the HELLO packet. With the method and apparatus for assigning slot provided by the embodiments of the present invention, no central controller is needed any longer in comparison with a centralized slot assignment method, complexity of calculation is lowered, and utilization of slot is improved.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for communication information transmission are provided in the embodiments of the present invention. The method comprises: communication information is transmitted to a base station (BS); when the communication information fails to be transmitted to the BS, a first backoff upper limit is obtained according to the number of times the transmission has failed; a backoff upper limit is determined according to the first backoff upper limit, and a backoff time of retransmitting the communication information is selected according to the backoff upper limit. In the embodiments of the present invention, terminal can obtain the proper backoff upper limit according to the number of times it has failed to transmit the communication information, thereby reducing the latency of its uplink data transmission.

Abstract: A method for communication between nodes (UR1; UR2; UC1-UC16) of a network, interconnected by a transmission channel and each identified by a node identification number in which at least one transmitter node emits at least one message to at least one message recipient node. The message comprises a description of a path (PH) between the transmitter node which emits the message and the message recipient node. The path is defined by the node that emits the message via a sequence of node identification numbers along the path itself.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method in a network including at least a first device and a second device, where the sending of a packet by two devices simultaneously generates a collision. The method includes the steps of emitting by the first device a packet comprising a first part, and a second part including at least an identification of a source and a destination of the packet, receiving the first part of the packet by the second device; and in the case of the second device detecting a collision during the reception of the second part of the packet, issuing a packet indicating collision detection by the second device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an access system and a communication method for an optical fiber network. A virtual ONU located on a user side is established, and an ONU control plane function, a PON MAC function, and a QoS function on an existing ONU is moved downwards to a virtual ONU. After the forgoing function modules are removed from the existing ONU, the existing ONU becomes an ONU physical converter and only has a function of converting the PON physical layer frame and the first user side physical layer frame.

Abstract: A processing device, server, and method are provided. According to some illustrative embodiments, the device and method are implemented by detecting a face region of an image, setting at least one action region according to the position of the face region, comparing image data corresponding to the at least one action region to detection information for purposes of determining whether or not a predetermined action has been performed, and executing predetermined processing based on cooperation control information when it is determined that the predetermined action has been performed and the cooperation control information is received.

Abstract: Disclosed is configuration memory access technology in a processor with a reconfigurable architecture. The processor with the reconfigurable architecture includes an array of processing elements (PEs), a configuration memory and a token network. The configuration memory stores configuration data associated with controlling data flow of the respective PEs. The token network reads the configuration data from the configuration memory, estimates data flow of the PEs from the read configuration data, reads required configuration data from the configuration memory based on the estimated data flow, and supplies the required configuration data to corresponding PEs. By reducing configuration memory access frequency through a token network, power consumption may be reduced.

Abstract: Quality of Service (QoS) support is provided by means of a Tiered Contention Multiple Access (TCMA) distributed medium access protocol that schedules transmission of different types of traffic based on their service quality specifications. In one embodiment, a wireless station is supplied with data from a source having a lower QoS priority QoS(A), such as file transfer data. Another wireless station is supplied with data from a source having a higher QoS priority QoS(B), such as voice and video data. Each wireless station can determine the urgency class of its pending packets according to a scheduling algorithm. For example file transfer data is assigned lower urgency class and voice and video data is assigned higher urgency class. There are several urgency classes which indicate the desired ordering. Pending packets in a given urgency class are transmitted before transmitting packets of a lower urgency class.

Abstract: Upstream burst noise measurement and characterization. One or more communication devices is implemented to detect and measure burst noise event(s) within channel(s) associated with communication link(s) within communication system(s) or network(s). Detection and measurement of a burst noise event may be made during active communications on one or more other channels, and may be made during active communications on two channels respectively adjacent to the channel on which the burst noise event is being detected and measured. The channel on which the burst noise event is detected and measured may be an unused channel. The detection and measurement of the burst noise event may be made during a quiet time slot within one of the channels. Correlation (e.g., with respect time) may be determined with respect to different respective layers within a communication device (e.g., with respect to MAC and PHY layers).

Abstract: A method of transmitting management information, performed by an access point (AP), in a wireless local area network system. The method according to one embodiment includes transmitting, to a station, a frame including a basic service set (BSS) load information element, the BSS load information element including a multi user (MU) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) capable station (STA) count field and a plurality of bandwidth utilization fields. The MU-MIMO capable STA count field indicates a total number of STAB with MU reception capability currently associated with a candidate BSS managed by the AP. Each of the plurality of bandwidth utilization fields includes information about time that each corresponding channel width is busy.

Abstract: In a wireless communication network, to reduce the polling overhead it is proposed to poll several stations using the same polling frame. In order to be able to poll more than one station in the same frame, an access point can make use of the locations of stations relative to the access point. The location of each station relative to the access point will cause a different propagation delay for radio communications between the station and the access point. Based on the propagation delays, two or more stations may be grouped together for subsequent transmissions to the access point.

Abstract: A method for performing wireless communication in a data-collection system includes a) listening whether a channel is free or busy and if the channel is free, transmitting; b) if the channel is busy, generating a random number and associating therewith a first interval of time to determine the instant of the start of transmission and further whether said channel is busy, identifying a second variable interval of time, monitoring the data exchanged in said channel with other devices that occupy the channel, queuing a third interval of time obtained from said first interval of time onto said second interval of time and transmitting at the end of said third interval of time. The second interval of time has a duration that is equal to the time wherein the channel remains in busy status.

Abstract: Program code in a Web page hosted by a server and/or in server side code executed by the server is specially configured so that a modified media file whose source is embedded in the Web page and which is streamed by the server is properly playable only in browsers of media devices accessing the Web page. Thus, if a copy of the modified media file is downloaded to the media device or otherwise procured, the user of the media device is unable to properly play the downloaded copy by using a conventional media player. Further, if the downloaded copy is shared on a file sharing network, users of the file sharing network that download copies from the media device are also unable to properly play their downloaded copies by using conventional media players.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes multiple processing means that are connected in a ring shape via corresponding communication means respectively. Each communication means includes a reception means for receiving data from a previous communication means, and a transmission means for transmitting data to a next communication means. Connection information is assigned to each of the reception means and the transmission means. The communication means, when receiving a packet that has same connection information as one assigned to its reception means, causes the corresponding processing means to perform data processing on the packet, sets the connection information assigned to its transmission means to the packet, and transmits the packet to the next communication means, and when receiving a packet that has connection information that is not same as one assigned to its reception means, transmits the packet to the next communication means without changing the connection information of the packet.

Abstract: Channel characterization and training within multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications. Within such communication systems, there can be a number of devices (e.g., STAs) that communicate with a single device (e.g., AP). A multi-cast sounding frame may be transmitted from a transmitting device to a number of receiving devices. Appropriate scheduling or ordering of feedback signals from some or all of the receiving devices may be performed explicitly (e.g., sounding frame sent from the transmitting device to a receiving device) or implicitly (e.g., control information sent from the transmitting device to the receiving device, sounding frame sent to the transmitting device from the receiving device). Such characterization and training is with respect to a channel or path in which data will subsequently follow. Such characterization and training can be performed in accordance with group membership (e.g., with respect to only some of the receiving devices).

Abstract: A broadband device (105) can detect a proximate narrowband transmission (152) from a narrowband communication device (145). The narrowband transmission (152) can be in close enough proximity (155) to at least one bearer channel of the broadband device (105) to result in interference on the narrowband reception (152) when the broadband device (105) is transmitting and the narrowband communication device (145) is concurrently receiving. Responsive to the detecting, the broadband device (105) can gate a broadband transmission (142) to ensure the broadband transmission (142) does not interfere with the proximate narrowband reception (152). In absence of detecting the narrowband transmission (152), the broadband transmission (142) from the broadband device (105) would not be gated.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methodologies are described that mitigate signal pollution in a wireless communication system. According to one aspect, user devices can request signals for use in access point selection. Access points can be selected based upon the received strength of their signals. In one aspect, access points can delay the transmission of signals based upon the strength of the received request. In addition, if sufficient access points respond during the delay, an access point can refrain from transmitting signals in response to signal requests, further reducing signal pollution.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an apparatus and method for adapting wireless sensor network device operation to ambient RF noise. An example embodiment includes: initializing a noise threshold value to a default value; detecting an ambient RF noise level on a plurality of channels of a wireless network device; if the ambient RF noise level detected on a pre-determined number of channels is above the noise threshold value, adjusting the noise threshold value by an increment and retesting the ambient RF noise level on the plurality of channels; if the noise threshold value exceeds a pre-determined maximum noise threshold value, suspending data communications by the wireless network device; and if the ambient RF noise level detected on a pre-determined number of channels is below the noise threshold value, retaining the noise threshold value and enabling data communications by the wireless network device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing an AccessGrant block in a wireless communication system is provided, comprising placing the AccessGrant in a public data, adjusting timing of the sector that transmitted the AccessGrant, instructing a RCC MAC to initialize transmit power and transmitting an AccessGrantReceived indication for a sector.

Abstract: To start secondary use of a spectrum without causing an adverse effect on a communication service for primary usage, provided is a communication control method including the steps of acquiring data related to a communication environment surrounding a first communication device at the first communication device, determining that a second communication service using a part or whole of a spectrum assigned to a first communication service is available when the acquired data related to the communication environment satisfies a first condition, and permitting usage of the second communication service when the data related to the communication environment satisfies a second condition at the first communication device or a second communication device.

Abstract: A cyclic prioritized multiple access method is disclosed which includes Fixed Deterministic Post-Backoff. Fixed deterministic post-backoff reduces conflicts between access points of overlapping cells. Contention-free sessions can be generated, one from each overlapping cell. Each active access point engages in a fixed deterministic post-backoff. A fixed deterministic backoff delay (Bkoff times a fixed number of idle time slots) is used by all access points, with the value of Bkoff being greater than the number of overlapping cells. The Bkoff should be large enough to enable the traffic that needs to be accommodated by the channel. Each access point has a backoff timer that is counted down using the shortest interframe space possible. A contention-free session is initiated when the backoff timer expires, and it is then reset to the value of Bkoff to start a new cycle.

Abstract: A method enables a radio receiver to distinguish sensor probes supplying data to the receiver over a long period of time. The method includes each probe generating a random number sent to the receiver to identify the probe. Each probe and the receiver also uses a pseudo-random process to identify a time of transmission for each probe. The pseudo-random process helps keep the transmission times for the probes separate in the presence of oscillator drift. If a transmission collision occurs, the receiver ignores all probes in the collision and waits until the pseudo-random process separates the probe transmissions.

Abstract: A method for performing random access is provided. The method is performed for random access procedure based on a lower bound of back-off time and an upper bound of back-off time. Based on the proposed method, subsequent transmission of a random access preamble is determined by control information included in a random access response. The control information explicitly or implicitly indicates an upper bound and a lower bound of a back-off time value. An exact back-off time is selected from a uniform distribution between the lower bound and the upper bound.

Abstract: Described herein are various technologies pertaining to scheduling data transfer between a mobile computing device and a base station in a cellular network. A signal quality value for a signal over which data is to be transferred is computed, and transfer of data is scheduled based upon the signal quality value. If the signal quality value is above a threshold, a wireless radio of the mobile computing device is caused to commence data transfer or continue data transfer. If the signal quality value is below the threshold, and the data need not be immediately transferred, then the wireless radio is caused to transition to an idle state or remain in an idle state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for activating and maintaining a plurality of separate and distanced functional units in an aircraft cabin. According to the invention, a wireless network comprising a plurality of nodes is initialized, wherein each node is associated with a device wherein said initializing comprises associating each node a sending time slot within a time frame using a TDMA synchronization scheme, wherein each node is active to send signals during its sending time slot and is active to receive signals during a first set of time slots comprising a number of time slots of said frame, wherein the sending time slot of a node is different from the sending time slots of at least a plurality of its neighbored nodes.

Abstract: A mobile terminal receives a class identifier and receives a broadcast message with a backoff period definition for multiple classes of mobile terminals. The mobile terminal applies the class identifier to the backoff period definition to determine a backoff interval for the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal sends, to a base station, a radio resource control (RRC) connection request using the calculated backoff interval. Different backoff intervals are assigned to different classes of mobile terminals to control network access congestion at the base station.

Abstract: The present document relates to a method in which user equipment carries out a process for random access to a base station in a carrier aggregation mobile communication system which performs communications using a plurality of component carriers (CCs), and to a terminal device for the method. The user equipment separately manages back-off operations for each of the CCs, and performs a random access preamble transmission using the relevant CC if another usable CC exists, even when a back-off period is being applied to a specific CC, to carry out a random access process in an efficient manner in a carrier aggregation mobile communication system.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an HVAC data processing and communication network and a method of manufacturing the same. In an embodiment, the network includes a local controller. The local controller is configured to publish a first message to a data bus, and to detect a collision between the first message and a second message published to the data bus. The local controller is further configured to republish the first message in the event that the first message collides with a second message published to the data bus; a bit error results in response to publishing the message.

Abstract: Provided is a method for managing resource in a high capacity wireless communication system capable of communicating with two or more users in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) scheme when a base station transmits data. The includes: transmitting a MU-MIMO request-to-send (RTS) message to stations intending to transmit data in the MIMO scheme, and sequentially receiving a clear-to-send (CTS) message from stations intending to receive the data; transmitting a transmission ACK message to the stations, wherein the transmission ACK message includes information which prevents data collision during a time of data transmission to the stations and ACK signal; and configuring data to be transmitted to the stations into aggregated packets (A-MPDUs), transmitting the A-MPDUs to the stations in the MIMO scheme, and receiving a block ACK message from the stations.

Abstract: A method for pricing wireless communications services on a wireless network is described. A selection of a plurality of priorities available for transmitting a wireless communication transaction on a wireless network is provided, wherein the priority to be selected corresponds to the speed and allowable delay by which the transaction is to be transmitted. Transactions of lower priority are temporarily discontinued in favor of higher priority transactions when network capacity reaches a predetermined level. An amount is charged for the wireless communication transaction at a price corresponding to the priority and duration to be selected.

Abstract: Provided is distributed medium access scheduling with implicit ordering (DSIO). The DISO includes the steps of: (a) when any terminal of a plurality of terminals included in a terminal group has data to transmit, promoting the terminal to a transmission data existence layer; (b) when any blue terminal of a plurality of blue terminals included in a blue terminal group has no data to transmit, degrading the blue terminal to a transmission data non-existence layer; and (c) when any red terminal of a plurality of red terminals included in a red terminal group succeeds in intruding between the blue terminals and recognizes whether or not to transmit data without a collision, promoting the red terminal to the blue terminal group.