Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a method for providing a compatible backplane operation mechanism for 2.5-gigabit Ethernet. A first input of data including a first sequence-ordered set in compliance with a first interface protocol is received from a medium access control (MAC) layer. The first input of data is encoded into four outputs of encoded data including a second sequence-ordered set in compliance with a second interface protocol. The first sequence-ordered set in a first form of a sequence code followed by three bytes of data is mapped to the second sequence-ordered set in a second form of consecutive units of the sequence code followed by an encoded data byte. The four parallel outputs of encoded data are serialized into a serial output. The serial output to a linking partner is transmitted on a physical layer of an Ethernet link at a speed specified in the second interface protocol.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for encoding and transmitting video or multimedia content in wireless communications networks. The methods include encoding a block of input symbols using upper layer rateless forward error correction (FEC) codes to generate a plurality of encoded packets. The rateless FEC codes may be layer-aware or may incorporate unequal error protection (UEP). The input symbols represent one or more layers of scalable encoded video or multimedia content. Each of the plurality of encoded packets is transmitted over a selected one of a plurality of wireless channels. The wireless channel is selected based on an importance level of the input symbols in the encoded packet exceeding a threshold. The threshold may vary dynamically based on conditions in the networks.

Abstract: A method for transmitting an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) data unit is described. Respective sub-channels of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication channel are allocated to first and second communication devices for simultaneous OFDM transmission. A first sub-channel is allocated to the first communication device and a second sub-channel is allocated to the second communication device. Indications of the respective allocated sub-channels are transmitted to the first and second communication devices. A medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU) is generated that omits i) a MAC address of a transmitter, and ii) a MAC address of the first communication device. An OFDMA data unit including the MPDU is transmitted by the transmitter via the first sub-channel to the first communication device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for transmitting Ethernet data along an Ethernet link with a BASE-T transceiver are disclosed. One exemplary BASE-T Ethernet transceiver includes an Ethernet data framing module having an input interface to receive Ethernet block data bits at a first data rate. Logic associates the Ethernet block data bits with an auxiliary bit and a number of zero bits. An error encoder is coupled to the logic to encode all of the data bits, auxiliary bit and zero bits into an error encoded transport frame having plural error check bits. A symbol mapper receives the error encoded transport frame and transforms the error encoded transport frame into multiple symbols. A transmitter coupled to the symbol mapper transmits the multiple symbols over an Ethernet link at one of a selection of symbol rates. The data rate of data transmitted over the Ethernet link is based on the number of zero bits.

Abstract: A data transmission method and a base station are provided. The method includes: setting up an RRC connection with a UE, and acquiring an information element for requesting C-SGN registration from a message transmitted by the UE during the setup of the RRC connection; transmitting an initial UE message to a connected C-SGN, wherein the C-SGN registers the UE based on the information element for requesting C-SGN registration contained in the initial UE message; after the UE registers to the C-SGN and data is received from the UE, transmitting the data to the C-SGN which then transmits the data to a destination address. By the method, signaling interaction during data transmission is reduced, which may improve efficiency of data transmission and reduce consumption of radio network resources.

Abstract: A peer to peer dynamic network acceleration method and apparatus provide enhanced communications directly between two or more enhanced devices, such as enhanced clients. The enhanced clients may comprise a front-end, a back-end, or both. In general, the front-end and back-end of the enhanced clients work in concert to translate data into an enhanced protocol for communication between the enhanced clients. The enhanced protocol may provide acceleration, security, error correction, and other benefits. Data from various applications may be seamlessly translated between a first protocol and the enhanced protocol, such that the applications need not be modified to use the enhanced protocol. The enhanced clients may automatically detect one another to establish an enhanced communications channel automatically.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a plurality of data packets is disclosed. The method includes: receiving one or more first medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) which include a plurality of radio link control (RLC) PDUs intended for a destination UE from a source UE; demultiplexing the first MAC PDUs to retrieve the RLC PDUs based on a header field of each first MAC PDU; generating a plurality of RLC PDU segments from one or more of the RLC PDUs or a plurality of RRLC (Relay RLC) PDUs from all of the RLC PDUs according to one or more MAC PDU sizes, wherein the RRLC is a protocol layer between the MAC layer and the RLC layer; multiplexing the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments or the RRLC PDUs into one or more second MAC PDUs; and transmitting the second MAC PDUs to the destination UE.

Abstract: A method for reducing self-interference in a wireless network, such as a Link 16 network, while maintaining simultaneous multiple access takes advantage of the physical proximity of nodes in a localized subnetwork, such as a fighter-to-fighter subnetwork in a flight wing, by actively reducing the transmit powers used for subnet messages between the nodes. Calibration messages such as Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) messages are exchanged between all of the nodes of the localized subnetwork, from which each node determines the identities, transmit powers, noise levels, and SNRs of all of the other nodes. The node then determines a link margin for other nodes, and sets its transmit power to a “safe” level for the subnetwork according to the lowest link margin.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of communicating with a host apparatus includes a symbol generation unit, a coding unit, and a transmission unit. The symbol generation unit includes a random number generation circuit and generates a symbol according to a random number generated by the random number generation circuit. The coding unit performs 8b/10b coding for the symbol. The transmission unit transmits the symbol coded by the 8b/10b coding unit to the host apparatus.

Abstract: An invention relates to method and apparatus of a location assurance system and particularly, although not exclusively, the present invention also relates to method and apparatus for assuring location data integrity with minimum location disclosure. The present invention also relates to method and apparatus for assuring location data integrity with minimum location disclosure with protocols to authenticate both spatial and spatio-temporal predicates.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that may communicate a control aggregate frame from a first wireless device to a second wireless device. A first wireless device may form a control aggregate frame by aggregating a plurality of first control frames into the control aggregate frame. The control aggregate frame may include a single media access control (MAC) header, a plurality of first aggregation fields, each storing a control frame subtype for a corresponding one of the plurality of first control frames, and a plurality of first payload fields, each storing a corresponding one of the plurality of first control frames. After generating the control aggregate frame, the first wireless device may transmit it to the second wireless device.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving a first speech frame; identifying a first codec mode based at least in part on a Codec Mode Command (CMC) comprising the first speech frame; identifying a second codec mode based at least in part on a downlink (DL) Codec Mode Indication (DCMI) comprising the first speech frame; determining, based at least in part on a current uplink (UL) codec mode, to apply one of the first codec mode, the second codec mode, and a third codec mode having a higher bit rate than the first codec mode; and applying one of the first codec mode, the second codec mode, and the third codec mode. Apply the first codec mode when the RxLev and RXQual are determined not to exceed a predetermined threshold, and applying second or third codec modes otherwise.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for a UE handling messages in wireless communication. The disclosure provides for a UE partially exchanging a first signaling-related message associated with a first UE configuration with a network entity and triggering a state transition message that initiates a change to a second UE configuration different from the first UE configuration. In an aspect, the UE determines that the first message has not been successfully received or successfully transmitted. In an aspect, the UE sends an indication message to coordinate discarding of the first message with the network entity and receives, after sending the indication message, a second signaling-related message associated with the second UE configuration. In another aspect, the UE, after partially sending a signaling-related message, receives a reconfiguration request associated with a second UE configuration. In an aspect, the UE determines that the message has not been successfully transmitted and causes a reconfiguration failure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for transmitting a frame by grouping a plurality of wireless terminals in a multiuser based wireless communication system. The present invention includes a method for transmitting a frame by including information about multiple receiver terminals in a MAC frame, another method for transmitting a frame by allocating group addresses and then using a corresponding group address for frame transmission, and yet another method for transmitting a frame by using a unique group sequence number that is allocated to each group and group control information that contains bitmap information. The group control information is included in a destination address field of a MAC layer, or in a signal field of a physical layer, or in both the MAC layer and the physical layer.

Abstract: A multimedia presentation system for presenting multimedia data comprising a demultiplexing unit and at least one processing unit. The demultiplexing unit demultiplexes a plurality of streams of data. At least one presentation processing unit provides the plurality of stream of data for presentation according to predetermined timing and detecting an end of any one of the plurality of streams of data.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter includes techniques for delaying network frames. In some examples, a system for delaying network frames can include a processor and a computer-readable memory storage device for storing executable instructions that can be executed by the processor to cause the processor to identify a network frame to be transmitted to a host device at a client device. The processor can also delay transmission of the network frame to the host device based at least on the network information and a frame deadline.

Abstract: Provided are methods and devices for transmitting a frame in a network. The method includes: setting, by a sending station, a media access control (MAC) frame header of a MAC frame, wherein the MAC frame header includes at least one bit for indicating whether the MAC frame header adopts an optimized MAC header format, the optimized MAC frame header format referring to a MAC frame format in which only necessary frame header information is reserved (S302); sending, by the sending station, the MAC frame to a receiving station (S304). The present disclosure not only ensures correct sending and receiving of a frame, but also effectively reduces the overhead of the frame header.

Abstract: Reliable multicast delivery in wireless communication, even when a WS doesn't know its AP, is determined at the AP without the sending device. Multicast packets are received at each AP having destinations. Without altering those packets, the AP encapsulates them in an A-MSDU packet. Each A-MSDU packet is sent individually to each destination, and might encapsulate more than one multicast packet. Destinations might receive two streaming messages faster than if sent separately. AP's might choose a 1st multiple of multicast packets from a 1st source, a 2nd, different, multiple of multicast packets from a 2nd source, and a single multicast packet from a 3rd source. Individualized optimization of transmission parameters for each A-MSDU packet and each multicast packet therein. Individualized optimization of transmission parameters for the A-MSDU packet for each destination. The AP collectively optimizes delivery of distinct multicast packets to different destinations.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a system upgrade method and device, which can reduce a quantity and a time of service interruptions when an ONT and an OLT are upgraded. The method includes: detecting an upgrade triggering event, where the upgrade triggering event is used to instruct an optical network terminal ONT and an optical line terminal OLT to perform a concurrent upgrade; resetting the ONT to activate a preloaded ONT upgrade program; and restoring a service with the OLT. According to the embodiments of the present invention, an ONT and an OLT basically concurrently or synchronously perform upgrading and resetting, that is, a concurrent upgrade, so that a quantity and a time of service interruptions caused when the ONT and the OLT are upgraded are reduced, thereby improving user experience.

Abstract: Provided is a relay device including a receiving unit for receiving information from a plurality of wireless communication devices, a storage unit for accumulating the information received from the plurality of wireless communication devices by the receiving unit, an information processing unit for aggregating the information accumulated in the storage unit, and a transmitting unit for transmitting the information aggregated by the information processing unit to a base station.

Abstract: Logic may compress wireless communications frames and communicate compressed frames that do not include the duplicative bit sequences within the packet flow. Logic may include the compressed frames in flow frames. Logic may generate, encode, transmit, decode, parse, and interpret flow frames after a packet flow is created. Flow frames may comprise a flow frame control field, a compressed frame, and a frame sequence check. Logic may decompress the compressed flow frame based upon flow decompression rules associated with a flow index of the flow frame. Flow frames may include a duration field to set the network allocation vectors of other stations. And the frame sequence check may be generated based upon the entire flow frame.

Abstract: A storage apparatus includes a channel control unit, a storage device, and a processor. The channel control unit includes a plurality of operation units. The processor specifies, when receiving a request for read of a plurality of pieces of element data from a host computer, the plurality of pieces of element data to the plurality of operation units, respectively. The plurality of operation units respectively reads the plurality of pieces of element data from the storage device, calculates a plurality of partial codes that is a plurality of guarantee codes on the basis of the plurality of pieces of element data, and transmits the plurality of partial codes to the processor. The processor calculates, on the basis of the plurality of partial codes, a sequence code that is a guarantee code of sequence data including the plurality of pieces of element data which is concatenated.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of communicating with a host apparatus includes a symbol generation unit, a coding unit, and a transmission unit. The symbol generation unit includes a random number generation circuit and generates a symbol according to a random number generated by the random number generation circuit. The coding unit performs 8b/10b coding for the symbol. The transmission unit transmits the symbol coded by the 8b/10b coding unit to the host apparatus.

Abstract: Multiple tuples are combined (202) by a processing node into a message that has a key portion including a value of a key, and a payload including a relation containing content of the combined plurality of tuple. The message is sent (204) to a receiving node.

Abstract: A network device receives multicast packets that include information identifying destinations in the network, identifies next hops associated with the destinations, and populates a cache with the destinations and addresses of the identified next hops. The network device receives a particular multicast packet that includes information identifying particular destinations included in the cache, identifies one or more next hops for the particular destinations from the cache, and forwards the particular multicast packet to the identified one or more next hops to permit the identified one or more next hops to forward the multicast packet toward the particular destinations.

Abstract: A first entry is received at an event log interface. The event log interface is configured to store received entries in an event log. It is determined that there is not enough storage space to store the first entry in the event log. A second entry is identified. The second entry is the oldest entry in the event log based on when the second entry was written to the event log. It is determined that the second entry contains an indicator to preserve. A copy of the second entry is sent to the event log interface to be written to the event log. One or more entries are deleted from the event log. The one or more entries includes the second entry. The first entry is written to the event log. The copy of the second entry is written to the event log.

Abstract: Segment sizes are controlled by setting the size of a segment boundary in a hash-based backup deduplication system in a distributed computing environment. A subsequence of size K of a sequence of characters S is set. Segment boundaries are set by using the sequence of the decreasingly restrictive logical tests if one of the sequence of the decreasingly restrictive logical tests returns a true value when applied on the sequence of characters S.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) communication method and apparatus are provided. The WLAN communication method includes allowing a receiving station to receive a multi input multi output (MIMO) frame, allowing the receiving station to determine whether the MIMO frame is erroneous and whether the MIMO frame is destined for the receiving station, allowing the receiving station to generate a single input single output (SISO) acknowledgement (ACK) frame if the MIMO frame is not erroneous and is destined for the receiving station, and allowing the receiving station to transmit the SISO ACK frame to a sending station that has transmitted the MIMO frame.

Abstract: Segment sizes are controlled by setting the size of a segment boundary in a hash-based deduplication system. A subsequence of size K of a sequence of characters S is set. Segment boundaries are set by using the sequence of the decreasingly restrictive logical tests if one of the sequence of the decreasingly restrictive logical tests returns a true value when applied on the sequence of characters S.

Abstract: The invention relates to time synchronization between network testing elements in distributed network monitoring and testing systems, and provides a method for synchronizing packet timestamps generated by a network probe with a free running clock to a master clock connected at a different location of the network. In one implementation, the probe eavesdrops on a PTP message exchange between the master and a remote slave device, recording message reception times according to it free running clock and transmitting relevant timing information to a rest server for determining the probe clock offset and updating the probe packet timestamps.

Abstract: Normalizing time across machines in a distributed system. A method includes obtaining one or more points defining differences in time between machines in the distributed system. Using the points, a determination of one or more time measurement drifts between machines is made. The one or more time measurement drifts indicate changing differences in time over time. One or more traces are collected. Each trace includes one or more events. Each event is correlated to a time stamp from one of the machines in the distributed system. Using the one or more determined time measurement drifts, the time stamps are normalized.

Abstract: A method of configuring the communication of feedback information in a wireless communication network includes obtaining information pertaining to an interference condition. The interference condition relates to interference experienced by a wireless communication device. The method also includes selecting one of a synchronous feedback type and an asynchronous feedback type for the wireless communication device based on the obtained information. Additionally, the method includes receiving and/or transmitting feedback information for an uplink transmission in accordance with the selected feedback type.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for determining, via a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) module, that a maximum number of retransmissions has been reached for a HARQ packet. The HARQ module may communicate an internal NACK to a message retransmission module indicating a transmission failure. The message retransmission module may retransmit at least a part of the message. The retransmission may be performed prior to the expiration of a timer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of communicating with a host apparatus includes a symbol generation unit, a coding unit, and a transmission unit. The symbol generation unit includes a random number generation circuit and generates a symbol according to a random number generated by the random number generation circuit. The coding unit performs 8b/10b coding for the symbol. The transmission unit transmits the symbol coded by the 8b/10b coding unit to the host apparatus.

Abstract: A method for communication in a wireless sensor network of an industrial control system. The network includes a plurality of device nodes and at least one gateway. The method includes aggregating in at least one wireless device data originating from at least two data packets. The method includes receiving at a first node at least one first data packet for a first destination address and aggregating data from the at least one data packet with data from at least one second data packet, intended for the same first destination address, forming an aggregated data packet and sending the aggregated data packet to another node or to said gateway. In other aspects of the invention a method, system and a computer program for carrying out the method are described.

Abstract: A method of transceiving data includes providing a wireless transceiver chip that supports multiple wireless standards for transceiving data packets, wherein a first wireless standard comprises a first modulation and demodulation scheme, and wherein a second wireless standard comprises a second modulation and demodulation scheme, and wherein the first modulation and demodulation scheme is incompatible with the second modulation and demodulation scheme; activating only one PHY layer of the wireless transceiver chip during the transceiving of the data packets; using a MAC layer of the wireless transceiver chip to specify whether the first or second wireless standard is to be used for a given transceiving of the data packets; and the PHY layer receiving instructions from the MAC layer regarding which wireless standard is to be used for the transceiving of the data packets using hardware that is shared by the PHY layer corresponding to both wireless standards.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods for lightweight identification of flow information by application. A flow monitor executed by a processor of a device may maintain a counter. The flow monitor may associate an application with the value of the counter and transmit, to a data collector executed by a second device, the counter value and a name of the application. The flow monitor may monitor a data flow associated with the application to generate a data record. The flow monitor may transmit the data record to the data collector, the data record including an identification of the application consisting of the counter value and not including the name of the application. The data collector may then re-associate the data record with the application name based on the previously received counter value.

Abstract: An Ethernet based vehicle network message transferring system is provided that includes a gateway switch that connects the Ethernet to vehicle networks having different protocols and an Ethernet switch that switches Ethernet messages between the gateway switch and vehicle devices to transfer the Ethernet messages. The Ethernet switch includes a processing module that transfers the Ethernet messages received via the gateway switch in the different vehicle networks, a vehicle network process module that switches the messages transferred from the processing module, and a lookup table in which information necessary for switching the vehicle network process module is stored.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a switch device that can be operatively coupled to a network having a set of links. The switch device can receive at a first time, a message having a set of physical coding sublayer (PCS) lanes. The message can include an error notification within a first subset of PCS lanes from the set of PCS lanes and not within a second subset of PCS lanes from the set of PCS lanes. The error notification is associated with signal degradation of a link from the set of links, where the switch device can send a first signal in response to receiving the message at the first time. The switch device can also receive at a second time a message without the error notification, and the switch device can send a second signal in response to receiving the message at the second time.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for overlaying a virtual network on a physical network in a data center environment. An overlay system is arranged in an overlay virtual network to include an overlay agent and an overlay helper. The overlay agent is implemented in an access switch. The overlay helper is implemented in an end station that is in communication with the access switch. Overlay parameters in compliance with an in-band protocol are transmitted between the overlay agent and the overlay helper.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods for communicating and using a geofence while maintaining privacy are presented. A geofence is based on at least one RF fingerprint. The RF fingerprints include absolute information that is transformed into a one-way matrix (A) by application of a one-way function. The absolute information may identify a transmitter (e.g., by location, address or the like). An equation 0=Ax (where 0 is a zero vector, A is the one-way matrix and x is a signature vector) is solved to reveal one possible solution for the signature vector (x). This signature vector (x) is communicated rather than the RF fingerprints themselves, thus obscuring the absolute information and maintaining privacy.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data in a wireless local area network is provided. The method includes the steps of: generating a data unit including a MAC (Medium Access Control) header and MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit), generating an encoded data unit by encoding the data unit, generating one or more spatial blocks by dividing the encoded data unit, dividing each of the one or more spatial block into a first block and a second block, generating a first interleaved block and a second interleaved block by interleaving the first block and the second block respectively, generating a first mapped sequence by mapping the first interleaved block into signal constellation, generating a second mapped sequence by mapping the second interleaved block into signal constellation, generating the transmission signal by performing IDFT (Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) to the first mapped sequence and the second mapped sequence; and transmitting the transmission signal.

Abstract: A network interface controller (NIC) that includes a set of receive NIC queues capable of performing large receive offload (LRO) operations by aggregating incoming receive packets is provided. Each NIC queue turns on or off its LRO operation based a set of LRO enabling rules or parameters, whereby only packets that meet the set of rules or parameters will be aggregated in the NIC queue. Each NIC queue is controlled by its own set of LRO enabling rules such that the LRO operations of the different NIC queues can be individually controlled.

Abstract: A CAS data storage system with one or more source CAS data storage spaces and one or more destination CAS data storage spaces, and a communication line therebetween, receives input data at the source storage space for local storage and for replication to the destination CAS storage space. CAS metadata is used in the replication procedure between the two separate CAS storage spaces. Thus, data at the source storage space is used to form an active buffer for transfer to the destination storage space, the active buffer holding a hash result of the respective data item and a storage address. The system detects whenever there is more than one data item in said active buffer sharing a same storage address and upon such detection transfers a respective hash result of only the last of the data items.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadcasting data in a digital broadcasting system are provided. The method includes analyzing a media transmission characteristic of a moving picture experts group (MPEG) media transport (MMT) package, setting digital video broadcasting generic stream encapsulation (DVB GSE) based on the analyzed media transmission characteristic, and transmitting an MMT packet comprising the broadcasting data constituting the MMT package using the DVB GSE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enabling users who request a map of a specified route to invoke a data session to see images of the key markers and a video session to see live views of key points along the route are disclosed. If traffic appears congested, the subscriber can request an alternative route from the network along with image and video sessions to verify the traffic conditions of the alternative route.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cross-cloud computing resource usage tracking. An example method comprises: receiving a request comprising an operational specification of a computing resource; selecting a first provisioning cloud in view of the operational specification; receiving an updated operational specification of the computing resource; receiving a first provisioning offer from the first provisioning cloud and a second provisioning offer from a second provisioning cloud responsive to the updated operational specification; selecting the second provisioning cloud in view of the first and second provisioning offers; providing an interface between the first computing resource and a second computing resource residing in a second provisioning cloud; and tracking resource usage data of the first computing resource across the provisioning clouds.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for generating application layer test packets for testing packet communication networks. The disclosed embodiments utilize multi-stage application layer test packet generator to generate high volumes of network layer test packets in an efficient and cost effective manner. A first co-processor generates tokenized test packets that include non-application layer content and include token values representing desired application layer content. A second co-processor analyzes the token values and replaces the token values with stateful application layer content associated with the token values. Once devices-under-test (DUTs) have received and processed the application layer test packets, the DUTs generate return packets that include stateful application layer content. These return packets are then received and processed by the multi-stage application layer test packet generator.

Abstract: Various aspects provide large receive offload (LRO) functionality for a system on chip (SoC). A classifier engine is configured to classify one or more network packets received from a data stream as one or more network segments. A first memory is configured to store one or more packet headers associated with the one or more network segments. At least one processor is configured to receive the one or more packet headers and generate a single packet header for the one or more network segments in response to a determination that a gather buffer that stores packet data for the one or more network segments has reached a predetermined size.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include a system and method for monitoring performance of a packet network. In one embodiment, a method includes determining network performance information of a packet network by monitoring performance information packets that are communicated along network paths of the packet network. The method also includes appending the network performance information gathered at a network node along the network paths to data stored in the performance information packets. The method stores the network performance information collected by monitoring the performance information packets in memory and analyzes the stored network performance information to generate historical network performance information. The method automatically alters network operation in response to current network performance information indicating that the packet network is not operating properly based on the historical network performance information.