Abstract: Apparatus and method for implementing a characterized thermal profile upon a temperature/time dependent process on any material or materials susceptible to such thermal processing in accordance with a closed loop environmental feedback system and a corresponding predetermined characterized thermal profile.

Abstract: For HgCdTe liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), in situ differential thermal analysis apparatus is used to precisely monitor the liquidus temperature of each HgCdTe melt. The neutral body, e.g. a slug of copper enclosed in a silica ampoule, is placed near the LPE reactor in a furnace. During heating or cooling, differential sensing of a pair of thermocouples (in the melt and in the neutral body) will show an accelerated change at transformation points, since at these points the temperature of the melt will be changed by the energy of the physical change, while that of the neutral body remains subject only to passive heat transfer. Thus, the actual liquidus temperature of each melt can be measured with extreme precision, and isothermal or programmed cooling methods of LPE can be precisely and reliably controlled under production conditions.

Abstract: A flowcell for containing sample solutions is surrounded by an electric heater which is then surrounded by an isothermal frame having a large heat capacity, and a Peltier element serving as a cooling source is coupled with the isothermal frame. A heat delaying plate is arranged between the flowcell and heater and a temperature sensor is arranged between the flowcell and the heat delaying plate. The Peltier element is controlled in such a manner that the temperature of the isothermal frame is maintained substantially at a constant temperature lower than a predetermined temperature at which the sample solution is to be kept. The heater is controlled in accordance with a difference between the temperature of the sample solution and the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: The quality of heat insulation materials is tested and/or compared in a portable structure in which two heat insulation materials are subjected simultaneously to heat flow from a single common metal-clad heating element and the quantity of heat flow through said material is measured and compared. In one case the portable structure has two conveniently accessible cavities within which equal amounts of such insulation, in flat form, may be placed in contact with corresponding opposite sides of a single common metal-clad planar heat source. In a modification of the invention two tubular insulating materials each of the form and type for insulating pipe, is placed around a metal-clad round heating element and the amount of heat flowing from the heating element and through a corresponding one of said materials is measured and compared using individual thermopiles secured to the outer surface of each material.

Abstract: A differential scanning calorimeter includes a baseline correction apparatus which simultaneously corrects for both linear and curvilinear heat flow variation between the sample and reference holders.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to provide means for non-contacting sensing of the surface temperature of objects. A member, adapted to be brought in the vicinity of the object, has an opening leading to a protective enclosure in which a temperature sensing element is mounted. Pumping means are provided to suck the ambient fluid, usually air, from the surface of the object through the opening into the protective enclosure, whereby the temperature sensing element takes up the fluid temperature, providing a fluid temperature signal. A gap is formed between the object and the member and the fluid flows in this gap before entering the opening and takes up a temperature between the object temperature and the member temperature. A second temperature sensing element is adapted to take up the temperature of the member providing a member temperature signal.