Abstract: Indicating panels adapted to provide a qualitative or quantitative indication of a characteristic of a liquid absorbed by the indicator panel. The indicating panels include a porous inner sheet that is impregnated with a first indicator selected to respond to a target analyte by creating a detectable response, and a porous outer sheet impregnated with a polymeric mordant selected to stabilize indicators.

Abstract: A method evaluates the mobility of a polymer composition in a high-temperature region of 150° C. or above. The method for evaluating a physical property of a polymer composition, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a thin film sample which is formed on a substrate and which comprises: a fluorescent probe including a fluorescent rare earth complex having a melting point of 200° C. or higher; and a target polymer composition; and obtaining a relationship between a temperature and a fluorescent characteristic of the thin film.

Abstract: Materials are disclosed that include or are based on thermally reversible gels, such as thermally reversible gelled fluids, oil gels and solvent gel resins. In an exemplary embodiment, a material includes at least one filler in a thermally reversible gel.

Abstract: Thermal interface materials are disclosed that include or are based on thermally reversible gels, such as thermally reversible gelled fluids, oil gels and solvent gel resins. In an exemplary embodiment, a thermal interface material includes at least one thermally conductive filler in a thermally reversible gel.

Abstract: The present invention, in one aspect, provides systems and methods for using a single slug or multiple slugs containing one or more calibrators to determine a relationship between temperature and an electrical characteristic of the thermal sensor for use in connection with calibrating thermal sensors. In some embodiments, the present invention uses the described calibrator systems and methods to calibrate thermal control elements on a microfluidic device. In non-limiting embodiment, the calibrator can be one or more of droplets, plugs, slugs, segments or a continuous flow of any appropriate solution that, when heated, yields a thermal response profile with a plurality of features (e.g., maxima, minima, inflection points, linear regions, etc.).

Abstract: An optical fiber temperature distribution measuring device measures a temperature distribution along an optical fiber by using backward Raman scattering light generated in the optical fiber. The device includes an arithmetic controller that changes a plurality of calibration parameters in conjunction with each other on the basis of a measured temperature value and a reference temperature value at a to-be-measured point, thereby converging a calibrated value of the measured temperature to a true value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an MCF and others with a structure for accurately aligning each of core arrangement directions of one or more MCFs to be fixed in a connector. Each of the MCFs has a marker as an index for rotational position. The ends of the MCFs are rotated while monitoring positions of the respective markers with a CCD camera or the like, whereby each of the core arrangement directions is aligned with a specific direction.

Abstract: A probe sensor has a probe structure having a probe body inserted into an experiment subject, a block body disposed on the probe body to transmit or reflect an incident light, and a light irradiation body for inputting a first incident light to the block body; a first light source for generating the first incident light and transmitting to the light irradiation body; and a light analyzer for analyzing a first reflection light which is a reflection light of the first incident light reflected by the block body, wherein the length of the block body changes according to a temperature change, and wherein the light analyzer measures a temperature change of the experiment subject by detecting a wavelength change of the first reflection light according to the length change of the block body.

Abstract: A radiation thermometer utilizing an off-focus telecentric lens arrangement in chemical vapor deposition reactors. An object assembly of one or more optical components is positioned at a distance equal to its focal length from an aperture stop. The aperture stop is dimensioned so that the chief rays are substantially parallel with the optical axis of the object assembly, and so that the rays that pass through the aperture stop define a narrow solid angle about the chief rays. The off-focus telecentric arrangement thus configured is focused at infinity, but is utilized to capture radiation from a relatively proximate target (e.g., within a couple meters) that is out of focus. The capture of collimated radiation from the target diminishes the contribution of stray radiation, particularly with targets having a highly specular surface.

Abstract: A container for beverages has a hollow container body, an electronic device attached to the hollow container body and provided with a display for displaying a running light message, a microprocessor operative for generating a running light message on the display, and a control unit for controlling the microprocessor for carrying out the generation of the running unit message on the display.

Abstract: The disclosed scanner allows detecting decay time characteristics of light emitted by a luminescent marking on an item which is transported, even at high speed, on a distribution/production line. The detection zone of the scanner's light sensor has a shape elongated along a path of the moving item, and the responsivity of the light sensor, within the wavelength range of the emitted luminescence light, is uniform over the detection zone. The control unit of the scanner is further operable to adapt the drive current, or drive voltage, powering its excitation light source to accordingly adapt the intensity of the excitation light delivered to the marking so that its light sensor can reliably measure the corresponding luminescence light response, and thus accurately determine a corresponding decay time value.

Abstract: Aligning measurements of fluorescent spectral radiance factors taken by a first instrument with measurements of fluorescent spectral radiance factors taken by a second instrument, without knowledge of the matrix of bispectral luminescent radiance factor of any sample, includes obtaining a fluorescent spectral radiance factor of a reference sample, measured by the first instrument, obtaining the fluorescent spectral radiance factor of the reference sample, measured by the second instrument, obtaining a fluorescent spectral radiance factor of a test sample, measured by the first instrument, and estimating the fluorescent spectral radiance factor of the test sample that would be measured by the second instrument, based on the fluorescent spectral radiance factor of a reference sample, measured by the first instrument, on the fluorescent spectral radiance factor of the reference sample, measured by the second instrument, and on the fluorescent spectral radiance factor of the test sample, measured by the first ins

Abstract: The invention is an optical method and apparatus for measuring the temperature of semiconductor substrates in real-time, during thin film growth and wafer processing. Utilizing the nearly linear dependence of the interband optical absorption edge on temperature, the present method and apparatus result in highly accurate measurement of the absorption edge in diffuse reflectance and transmission geometry, in real time, with sufficient accuracy and sensitivity to enable closed loop temperature control of wafers during film growth and processing. The apparatus operates across a wide range of temperatures covering all of the required range for common semiconductor substrates.

Abstract: Methods (600) and systems (100) for inspecting an indirect bandgap semiconductor structure (140) are described. A light source (110) generates light (612) suitable for inducing photoluminescence in the indirect bandgap semiconductor structure (140). A short-pass filter unit (114) reduces long-wavelength light of the generated light above a specified emission peak. A collimator (112) collimates (616) the light. A large area of the indirect bandgap semiconductor structure (140) is substantially uniformly and simultaneously illuminated (618) with the collimated, short-pass filtered light. An image capture device (130) captures (620) images of photoluminescence simultaneously induced by the substantially uniform, simultaneous illumination incident across the large area for the indirect bandgap semiconductor structure.

Abstract: A temperature monitoring system for a medical device comprises an optical transmit/receive unit, an elongate optical fiber having a proximal end, a distal end, and an inner core extending between the proximal end and the distal end, and one or more fiber Bragg grating elements formed in the inner core of the optical fiber. The optical fiber is operably coupled to the transmit/receive unit at the proximal end. At least a portion of the optical fiber is also operably coupled to a medical device and is structured to measure temperature at one or more temperature sensing locations on the medical device.

Abstract: A control unit sets a time interval for measuring a temperature of a liquid crystal panel as a first time interval (1 second), and thereafter measures the temperature of the liquid crystal panel each time the first time interval elapses. When the temperature of the liquid crystal panel is stabilized, the control unit sets a time interval for measuring the temperature of the liquid crystal panel as a second time interval (5 seconds). The control unit measures the temperature of the liquid crystal panel each time the second time interval elapses. Moreover, if an operation to change the amount of light reaching the liquid crystal panel is performed, the control unit restores the time interval for measuring the temperature of the liquid crystal panel to the first time interval.

Abstract: A method of measuring a temperature of a noble gas in a chamber includes providing the noble gas in the chamber. The noble gas is characterized by a pressure and a temperature. The method also includes directing a first laser beam into the chamber and directing a second laser beam into the chamber. The first laser beam is characterized by a first frequency and the second laser beam is characterized by a second frequency. The method further includes converting at least a portion of the first laser beam and the second laser beam into a coherent anti-Stokes beam, measuring a Doppler broadening of the coherent anti-Stokes beam, and computing the temperature using the Doppler broadening.

Abstract: A system and method for rapid thermometry using intrapulse spectroscopy can include a laser for propagating pulses of electromagnetic radiation to a region. Each of the pulses can be chirped. The pulses from the region can be detected. An intrapulse absorbance spectrum can be determined from the pulses. An instantaneous temperature of the region based on the intrapulse absorbance spectrum can be determined.

Abstract: Ion sources, systems and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the ion sources, systems and methods can exhibit relatively little undesired vibration and/or can sufficiently dampen undesired vibration. This can enhance performance (e.g., increase reliability, stability and the like). In certain embodiments, the ion sources, systems and methods can enhance the ability to make tips having desired physical attributes (e.g., the number of atoms on the apex of the tip). This can enhance performance (e.g., increase reliability, stability and the like).

Abstract: A composite photonic crystal comprising an inverse opal structure defining an ordered array of voids with a filler composition received within the voids. A property of the filler composition changes in response to a stimulus, such as a temperature change, thereby changing the band gap of radiation that is reflected by the composite photonic crystal.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus and a temperature measuring method that may measure a temperature of an object in a processing chamber by a low-coherence interferometer without forming a hole in a holding stage or an upper electrode of the plasma processing apparatus, thereby performing a plasma process of a substrate with high precision and uniformity. The plasma processing apparatus is implemented by disposing a light source collimator outside of a light source window, disposing a light-receiving collimator outside of a light-receiving window, allowing a measurement light emitted from the light source collimator to pass through the light source window to be obliquely emitted to a surface of the object to be measured, and allowing the reflected measurement light to pass through the light-receiving window to be incident on the light-receiving collimator. The temperature of the object in the processing chamber may be measured by the low-coherence interferometer.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a photon source, a fluorescent element and a photodetector. The fluorescent element includes a temperature-insensitive first fluorophore and a temperature-sensitive second fluorophore. The photodetector includes a first photosensor exhibiting a first spectral responsivity and a second photosensor exhibiting a second spectral responsivity. To measure a temperature of a surface, the fluorescent element may be placed adjacent to the surface and irradiated with a photon beam. First photons emitted from the first fluorophore and second photons emitted from the second fluorophore are collected. The first and second photons may be transmitted as a single dichromatic beam to the photodetector. The photosensors generate two different photodetector output signals, the ratio of which may be correlated to temperature.

Abstract: High precision phosphor temperature sensors are disclosed. The sensors include a light source that emits an excitation light through one or more optical fibers to one or more phosphors that produce fluorescent emission(s) when engaged by the excitation light. The fluorescent emission(s) is transmitted optically from the phosphor(s) directly to a detector or an optical diffraction grating before the light is received at a detector. The detector is linked to a controller, which measures the lifetime(s) of the fluorescent emission(s) and calculates the temperature at the phosphor(s) from said lifetime(s).

Abstract: A phosphor thermometer is disclosed. The phosphor thermometer may comprise a light source configured to emit an excitation light, and an input waveguide configured to transmit at least a portion of the excitation light from the light source to a temperature sensing end. A phosphor may be located at the temperature sensing end and it may be configured to emit a fluorescence signal upon absorption of at least a portion of the excitation light transmitted by the input waveguide. The phosphor thermometer may further comprise an output waveguide configured to transmit at least a portion of the fluorescence signal from the phosphor to a detector. The detector may determine a fluorescence decay constant from the time dependent decay of the fluorescence signal, and the fluorescence decay constant may be correlated with a temperature.

Abstract: Systems and methods for characterizing one or more properties of a material are disclosed. In some embodiments, the one or more properties include one or more thermal properties of the material, one or more thermoelectric properties of the material, and/or one or more thermomagnetic properties of the material. In some embodiments, a method of characterizing one or more properties of a sample material comprises heating the sample material and, while heating the sample material, obtaining one or more temperature measurements for at least one surface of the sample material via one or more thermoreflectance probes and obtaining one or more electric measurements for the sample material that correspond in time to the one or more temperature measurements. The method further comprises computing one or more parameters that characterize one or more properties of the sample material based on the measurements.

Abstract: An optical writing device having; a plurality of light-emitting points; a photodiode configured to output a signal which represents a quantity of incident light from a predetermined light-emitting point selected from the plurality of light-emitting points; and a calculation section for calculating a temperature of the photodiode based on a magnitude of a photodiode dark current included in the signal output from the photodiode while the predetermined light-emitting point is OFF.

Abstract: This patent application discloses techniques and devices for sensing or measuring electric currents and/or temperature based on photonic sensing techniques. An optical current sensor head is located near or at a current-carrying conductor so that a magnetic field associated with the current is present at a Faraday material and the optical detection unit detects the light from the Faraday material to determine a magnitude of the current. An optical temperature sensor head is located near or at a location so that the temperature at a temperature-sensing Faraday material is reflected by the optical polarization rotation which is detected to determine the temperature.

Abstract: A DTS system resistant to radiation induced attenuation losses during the service life of an installation at both low and high temperatures using matched multi-wavelength distributed temperature sensing automatic calibration technology in combination with designed Pure Silica Core (PSC) optical fibers and an in process photo bleaching method provided by the light sources of the distributed temperature sensing system.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring a reactor surface with a sensor cable, which is during operation at least partially arranged in the region of the reactor surface, has at least two optical fibers (1, 2) arranged in the sensor cable, has at least one laser light source whose light is coupled at least partially into the optical fibers (1, 2) during the operation of the apparatus, and evaluation means, in which portions of the light coupled out of the optical fibers (1, 2) are evaluated during the operation of the apparatus, for monitoring at least partially the reactor surface with respect to at least one physical size in a spatially resolved manner. The apparatus includes magnetic retaining means (8) for attaching the sensor cable (10) on the reactor surface.

Abstract: Coating compositions containing resins with dispersed nanoparticle precursors and methods for using said coatings as visual indicators of thermal and impact damage. The nanoparticle precursor/resin system reduces the nanoparticle precursor to its nanoparticle state when subjected to heat and/or physically impacted. The nanoparticles formed impart a color upon the coating at the point of exposure due to surface plasmon resonance. Microencapsulated leuco dyes are utilized to impart color when the coating is struck. The dye within the microcapsule is released as the microcapsule wall bursts or melts. Solubilizing agents can be utilized to improve the solubility of the nanoparticle precursor in the resin.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a parameter includes: an optical fiber sensor including at least one optical fiber configured to be disposed in a downhole location and including at least one sensing location configured to generate measurement signals; at least one light source configured to transmit a measurement signal having a wavelength to interrogate a sensing location and cause the sensing location to return a reflected measurement signal indicative of a measured parameter, and configured to transmit a reference signal and cause a reflected reference signal to be returned from a location associated with the sensing location, the reflected reference signal having a known relationship to hydrogen concentration; and a processor configured to receive the reflected measurement signal and the reflected reference signal, estimate the hydrogen concentration based on the reflected reference signal, and calibrate the first reflected signal based on the estimated hydrogen concentration.

Abstract: Fiber optic sensing systems and methods. In a described embodiment, a fiber optic sensing system includes an optical fiber transmitting energy to a chemical vapor deposited diamond material proximate a substance in a well. The diamond material is deposited as a coating on a substrate. The substrate and coating are heated when the energy is transmitted by the optical fiber. This heats the substance in the well, which is detected to determine a property of the substance. In another embodiment, light energy is transmitted through the diamond material.

Abstract: An optical fiber for a temperature sensor and a power device monitoring system that can measure temperatures at different measurement positions by a simple construction are provided. An optical fiber for the sensor 10 comprises a temperature assurance FBG 20 and temperature measurement FBGs 30 as FBGs wherein the refractive index of a core changes periodically. Wavelength band of light incident to the optical fiber for the sensor 10 includes Bragg wavelengths of the temperature assurance FBG 20 and the temperature measurement FBGs 30. The power device monitoring system 1 measures temperatures of the temperature assurance FBG 20 and the temperature measurement FBGs 30 based on their Bragg wavelengths.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to temperature modulated refractive index measurement. In accordance with the invention a method for determination of the complex temperature coefficient of the refractive index of a sample is provided, wherein the determination of the complex temperature coefficient of the refractive index of the sample is based on a refractive index measurement. Furthermore, the refractive index of the sample is measured over a period of time, wherein the temperature of the sample is modulated over said period of time and the complex temperature coefficient of the refractive index is calculated on the basis of the refractive index measurement over the period of time and the temperature modulation over the period of time. Additionally, a measurement system, in particular comprising a temperature control system and a processing system to carry out the above method, is disclosed.

Abstract: A distributed optical fiber sensor system is provided. In this system, backward-scattered light generated in a test optical fiber is filtered to separate the backward-scattered light into Raman scattered light and Brillouin scattered light. The separated Raman scattered light and Brillouin scattered light are each converted into digital data. A change in temperature with respect to the distance of the test optical fiber is measured from the digital data of the Raman scattered light. A change in temperature and a change in the degree of deformation with respect to the distance of the test optical fiber are measured from the digital data of the Brillouin scattered light. The change in temperature and the change in the degree of deformation with respect to the distance of the test optical fiber are separately output using the measured data.

Abstract: A method for measuring the temperature of rotating machining tools, comprising providing an optical fiber sensor; inserting said optical fiber sensor into the rotating machining tool; directing light from a light source into said optical fiber of said fiber sensor; detecting changes of optical properties of said optical fiber sensor as a function of temperature in the reflected light leaving said optical fiber; and correlating said changes of optical properties to the temperature of the machining tool. The apparatus comprises the respective elements. The present invention proposes a solution for the temperature measurement in rotating machining tools which avoids the transmission of electrical signals, and which can be integrated even in very small machining tools such as small dental drills. It continuously measures the temperature of the machining tool and is not sensitive to liquid coolants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a temperature and strain sensing optical fiber including a first doped radial zone (Z1) with an associated first Brillouin shift (BS1) caused by the doping of said zone (Z1) and a second doped radial zone (Z2) with associated second Brillouin shift (BS2) caused by the doping of said second zone (Z2). The concentration and/or composition of the doping materials in said first and second radial zones are chosen such that the first Brillouin Shift (BS1) is different from the second Brillouin Shift (BS2) for all variations of said Brillouin Shifts (BS1, BS2) caused by temperature and/or strain.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments show a fused fiber combiner with sensors that are strategically located at various locations, thereby permitting performance monitoring of the fused fiber combiner. Additionally, the disclosed embodiments show various processes for determining causes of any performance degradations.

Abstract: Optic fiber sensor characterized in that the sensing fiber is provided with a continuous Bragg grating covering the entire fiber length which is dedicated to sensing and along which spatially resolved measurements are performed.

Abstract: A system and method for providing greatly improved linear heat detection using fiber optic distributed temperature systems (DTS). The invention makes use of correction algorithms based on proportional-integral-derivative notions that anticipate exterior temperature increases based on the rate of measured temperature changes.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring pressure, temperature or both may be provided. The sensor may include a diaphragm that may respond to a change in temperature or pressure, a base connected to the diaphragm, a cavity, and an optical fiber that may conduct light reflected off of a surface of the diaphragm. The diaphragm and base may be sapphire elements. An interrogator may be provided for detecting a deflection of the diaphragm.

Abstract: A sensing cable has a sensing fiber assembly, which includes a pair of sensing fibers joined by a turnaround section with a modal filter, at a terminating end of the sensing fibers. The sensing cable also includes an inner sleeve that surrounds the sensing fiber assembly and an armored casing that caps the terminating end of the inner sleeve. The sensing cable has a low profile and its components are each made of high temperature and hydrogen tolerant materials and are capable of prolonged operation at high temperatures, such as up to 300° C., in hydrogen environments over long lengths of fiber. A distributed thermal sensing (DTS) interrogator is connected to the sensing cable and performs DTS measuring according to protocols and algorithms that leverage the modal filter of the turnaround section to calculate temperature readings along the sensing fiber assembly.

Abstract: There is provided an optical fiber temperature distribution measuring device which measures a temperature distribution along an optical fiber (3) using backward Raman scattering light generated in the optical fiber. The device includes: a reference temperature thermometer (11) disposed in the vicinity of the optical fiber so as to measure a reference temperature (T1, T2) of the optical fiber; an arithmetic controller (7) that calculates a temperature (T) of the optical fiber based on the backward Raman scattering light; and a temperature corrector (12) that corrects the calculated temperature (T) based on a correction formula containing the reference temperature as a parameter.

Abstract: An optical fiber temperature distribution measurement device for measuring a temperature distribution along a longitudinal direction of an optical fiber is provided.

Abstract: An optical fiber temperature distribution measurement device configured to receive Raman back scattering lights obtained by inputting a pulsed light into an optical fiber and to measure a temperature distribution along a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber is provided. The device includes a first filter device.

Abstract: Apparatus for a spatially resolved temperature measurement, with at least one optical fiber (6) for the spatially resolved temperature measurement, and at least one laser light source (2) producing light (3, 23) which can be coupled into the optical fiber (6), wherein the portions of the light (3, 23) backscattered in the optical fiber (6) can be coupled out of the optical fiber (6) and evaluated. The apparatus further includes means for reducing polarization-induced effects, wherein the means may be, for example, a polarization modifier (4) capable of at least partially depolarizing the light (3).

Abstract: A method for measuring temperature of an object using the longitudinal mode output by a short cavity fiber laser, includes steps of: a) arranging the short cavity fiber laser, which laser comprises sequentially coupled laser diode pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a fiber bragg grating, an active optical fiber and a loop mirror which are; b) contacting the short cavity fiber laser with the object whose temperature will be measured; c) measuring the drift amount of longitudinal mode output by the short cavity fiber laser; and d) calculating the temperature of the object to be measured. According to the present invention, the temperature can be measured accurately utilizing the features of the short cavity fiber laser. The arranged fiber laser has a small and simple structure, high measuring accuracy, good portability, and can be used in a variety of occasions.

Abstract: A thermal measurement system that includes a light collection device and a detection system in communication with the device. The detection system includes two detection subsystems, wherein one subsystem is configured to detect light from a surface of an object, while the other subsystem is configured to detect light from the surface and a gas. The present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiment(s), and it is recognized that equivalents, alternatives, and modifications, aside from those expressly stated, are possible and within the scope of the appending claims.

Abstract: An optical sensor is disclosed for measuring pressure and/or temperature. The optical sensor is adapted for use in high temperature environments, such as gas turbines and other engines. The optical sensor comprises an optical assembly having a sensor element, a spacer and a lens arranged along the optical axis. The sensor element is spaced from the lens by the spacer. An optical fibre is coupled to the optical assembly for illuminating the sensor element. The optical assembly is resiliently mounted in a housing such that the optical assembly is insulated from shock to the housing. There is also disclosed a method of assembling the optical sensor.

Abstract: A temperature sensing arrangement includes a member having a first coefficient of thermal expansion, and an optical fiber having a second coefficient of thermal expansion. The optical fiber is strain transmissively mounted to the member. And the second coefficient of thermal expansion is greater than the first coefficient of thermal expansion such that strain measurable in the optical fiber is correlatable to temperature changes in the member.