Abstract: A filter can be used in circuit. The filter includes a first stage including a first resonator configured to oscillate at a first fundamental frequency, a second resonator configured to oscillate at a second fundamental frequency, and a first nonlinear coupler for the first resonator and the second resonator. The second fundamental frequency being one half of the first fundamental frequency. The filter also includes a second stage including a third resonator, a fourth resonator, and a second nonlinear coupler for the third resonator and the fourth resonator.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a transmission apparatus, reception apparatus, and information processing method which enable a wireless device to carry out wireless transmission with less power consumption. [Solution] A transmission apparatus includes: a communication unit configured to transmit a transmission signal from the transmission apparatus to a reception apparatus via wireless communication; and a signal processing unit configured to generate the transmission signal in which transmission information is spread by using a spreading code selected according to identification information of the transmission apparatus, in order to enable the reception apparatus to acquire the identification information on the basis of an estimation result of the spreading code used for the transmission signal.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to efficient hierarchical radio frequency (RF) spectrum assigning across both licensed and unlicensed frequencies in a given area. Wireless devices in the area are detected by a spectrum manager, which also detects all available RF frequencies that are available. Conditional, relative, or absolute RF assignment rules received by an administrator or from an administrative device dictate the allocation conditions for assigning wireless devices to different frequencies, channels, channel widths, bands, durations, or other specifics of the available RF frequencies. Alternatively, RF spectra may be assigned reactively based on the current, historical, or future network usage on the available network frequencies.

Abstract: A system, apparatuses and methods are provided for communicating in an opportunistic band. Channels that are reserved for primary users are used by sensing devices when primary users are not present. A geo-location database is configured to store occupancy information of a channel and information associated with the primary user of the channel. The database includes information such as the type of primary user, and the expected occupancy time of a channel by a primary user. Sensing devices are categorized into different classes based on their sensing capability. A device capabilities database stores device classification information associated with the sensing devices attached to a dynamic spectrum management system.

Abstract: Spectrum harvesting methods and spectrum harvesters implementing such spectrum harvesting methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, multiple spectrum harvesters may be configured to scan a frequency band of interest in a distributed and staggered manner. The results obtained by the spectrum harvesters may be shared with each other according to a round-robin scheme. Distributed scanning and round-robin sharing techniques configured in accordance with the inventive concepts disclosed herein may allow the spectrum harvesters to jointly function as a continuous spectrum scanner capable of providing near real time spectrum harvesting.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a communication device configured to power on a main receiver to receive data from a network includes: a low power receiver configured to receive a wake up packet, including a preamble, from the network and oversample the wake up packet; a circuit arrangement including: a correlator configured to correlate the oversampled portion of the preamble; a delay and adder configured to take an output of the correlator, delay the output of the correlator, and add the output of the correlator back onto itself to produce a delay output; a peak detector configured to detect a peak pattern in the delay output; a demodulator configured to calculate a decoding threshold value to produce a demodulated data; and a packet parser configured to check the demodulated data for a data set in order to selectively output a nonzero signal to power on the main receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a backplane and a number of transponder slices connected to the backplane to form a transponder. The number of transponder slices comprise an analog front end configured to receive an analog input comprising a first plurality of bandwidths and a first plurality of interface frequencies, analog to digital converters configured to convert the analog input to digital signals, a digital channelizer configured to process the digital signals to generate a plurality of frequency slices, a digital combiner configured to assemble the plurality of frequency slices to form output sub-bands, a digital switch configured to route the plurality of frequency slices from the digital channelizer to the digital combiner, digital to analog converters configured to convert the output sub-bands to an analog output, and an analog back end configured to transmit the analog output comprising a second plurality of bandwidths and a second plurality of interface frequencies.

Abstract: Techniques for presenting communication by two or more stations in a WLAN environment are provided. Specifically, methods are presented, that when taken alone or together, provide a device or group of devices with an efficient way for bandwidth adaptation using echo cancellation.

Abstract: An access point receives notification of a bit rate setting specifying a throughput needed to transmit corresponding content to a communication device. Based on the bit rate setting, the wireless access point identifies a set of multiple possible modulation-coding options supporting transmission of data at different bit rates greater than the bit rate setting needed to transmit the corresponding content. The wireless access point selects a respective modulation-coding option that provides a throughput bit rate that is lower than a modulation-coding option in the set providing a highest possible throughput bit rate. Selection of the lower bit rate modulation-coding option provides adequate capacity to transmit the corresponding content, yet does so with a higher signal to noise ratio than would be provided by the higher bit rate modulation-coding option. Subsequent to selection, the wireless access point transmits the corresponding content to the communication device via the selected modulation-coding option.

Abstract: A method in a wireless network comprising a plurality of frequency channels and a receiving participant, the method includes: receiving data on a first subset of the plurality of frequency channels, wherein the frequency channels in the first subset are utilized at least once; receiving data on a second subset of the plurality of frequency channels; determining packet error rates for the respective frequency channels in the first and the second subsets; and selecting one of the plurality of frequency channel as an optimal frequency channel based on a result from the act of determining.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving wireless access point communications are provided. Some embodiments contemplate filtering operations such that two or more radios can be used in the 5 GHz or 2.4 GHz band without interfering with each other. Some embodiments employ discrete Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) and Power Amplifiers (PA) as well as frontend modules. In some examples, filtering may be primarily used on the receiving side to filter out other signals in 5 GHz before they are amplified by an external LNA or LNAs, e.g., as integrated in a WLAN chipset. Filtering may also be performed on the transmit side in some embodiments.

Abstract: A communication device, method, and system generate wireless communication signals that include a subframe within a radio frame. The subframe includes an extension control area in a data area of the subframe. The extension control area is set according to a periodic mapping pattern.

Abstract: A mechanism for end-to-end link quality indication, including a wireless router, coupled to other wireless routers over a multi-hop mesh network, responsive to a first message received from an origination device, configured to forward the first message to a next one of the other wireless routers in route to a destination device. The wireless router has received signal strength indication (RSSI) logic, that adds first RSSI information to a first field of the first message, and that adds second RSSI information to a second field of an acknowledgement message prior to transmitting the acknowledgement message to the origination device. The first and second RSSI information, along with intermediate RSSI information added by one or more of the other wireless routers along a path from the origination device to the destination device, is aggregated into a single term representative of total round-trip quality for the first message and the acknowledgment message.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to real time monitoring of usage of multiple pieces of exercise equipment and providing exercise based metric data based thereon to devices for aggregation, display or other processing thereof. In particular, the disclosed embodiments facilitate collection of exercise based metric data from various pieces of exercise equipment, such as stationary bikes, treadmills, and the like, in real time, i.e. as the equipment is utilized by an exercising user, combine the collected data in a form suitable for use by various interested devices and broadcast or otherwise disseminate the combined data to the various devices wherein the various devices may access the broadcasted combined data to access the usage metric data from any one or more of the pieces of exercise equipment from which it was collected for subsequent aggregation, display and/or further processing.

Abstract: A method for disabling a sequence group hopping by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method includes receiving a cell-specific sequence group hopping parameter from a base station, wherein the cell-specific sequence group hopping parameter is used to enable the sequence group hopping for a plurality of UEs, including the UE, in a cell; receiving a UE-specific sequence group hopping parameter from the base station, wherein the UE-specific sequence group hopping parameter is used to disable the sequence group hopping for the UE; and disabling the sequence group hopping by the UE-specific sequence group hopping parameter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for performing device-to-device (D2D) communication in a wireless communication system. Particularly, the method comprises the step of discovering, by a first device performing channel hopping and D2D communication, a second device for which a new D2D communication is to be performed, wherein: the first device discovers the second device on the basis of a first channel hopping sequence in a first time interval within a total discovery period which is a channel hopping period, and is configured to perform channel hopping on the basis of a second channel hopping sequence in a second time interval within the total discovery period; and the total discovery period of the first device is determined on the basis of the second channel hopping sequence in the second time interval and the number of repetitions of the second channel hopping sequence.

Abstract: An automatically adjustable radiofrequency link system includes a radiofrequency transmitter configured to transmit a signal at a frequency of transmission within an extremely high frequency (EHF) band. The system further includes a receiving device configured to receive the transmitted signal and provide feedback to a processing circuit communicatively coupled to the transmitter and the receiving device, wherein the feedback is related to the received signal. The processing circuit is configured to determine required signal properties based on the feedback and determine signal loss properties including an effect of atmospheric absorption, as a function of frequency; determine a modification to the transmitted signal using the signal loss properties and the required signal properties; and adjust the frequency of transmission to obtain a desired transmission signal using the modification.

Abstract: A method for monitoring radio frequency (RF) transmitters in an environment, that fits a probability mixture model (PMM) comprising a plurality of probability density functions (PDFs) at least two of which are of a different type, to RF power measurements of RF signals received in the environment to determine a number and characteristics of RF transmitters operating in the environment.

Abstract: A communications system having a network of nodes that may transmit and receive wireless signals. RF channel quietness may be measured at each node. A channel that is the best for all of the nodes may be selected. However, if all of the nodes except for one node determine that a particular channel is the best and not acceptable to the one node but that another channel is acceptable to all of the nodes, then the entire network may choose to operate on the other channel. The network may choose to operate on more than one channel in a time slotted fashion if a single acceptable channel cannot be found for all of the nodes. Channel quietness measurements may be facilitated by and uploaded to a host controller. The host controller may build a profile of measurements from the nodes for each channel.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes antenna elements, each receiving a first signal and a second signal, a first estimator that estimates first channel information of the first signal, a false signal generator that generates false signals that are equal in number to or greater in number than the number of the antenna elements, each of the false signals arriving from a unique direction that is different from a direction of arrival of the first signal, a weight generator that generates first weights, each being associated with a corresponding one of the false signals and forming a null in the direction of arrival of the first signal, a multiplier that multiplies a signals received by the respective antenna elements by the first weights to acquire weight-multiplied signals, and a second estimator that estimates second channel information of the second signal using the weight-multiplied signals.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for joint support of coordinated multipoint (CoMP) operations and carrier aggregation (CA). One method generally includes receiving signaling indicating a configuration, from a set of possible configurations, that defines how the UE is to communicate with one or more base stations (BSs) using coordinated multipoint (CoMP) operations on one or more component carriers (CCs) and communicating in accordance with the configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for delivering data (212) to a wireless station (102). An access point (104), or any other suitable device or system, receives a plurality of association requests (204) from a plurality of wireless stations (102) and transmits a different association identifier (208) to each of the plurality of wireless stations (102). The access point (104) buffers data (212) for a subset of the wireless stations (102). If the number of wireless stations (102) with buffered data (212) at the access point (104) is less than a threshold, then the access point (104) transmits a list of association identifiers indicating that buffered data (212) are held for each wireless station (102) identified by the list.

Abstract: A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus (10) comprises an encoder (11) that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator (12) that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator (12) is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the signal-to-noise ratio SNR in dB, a non-uniform constellation from a group of constellations comprising one or more constellations defined by a constellation position vector comprising a predetermined number of constellation positions, wherein in one or more constellation position vectors two or more constellation positions are identical resulting from a condensation of preliminary constellation positions optimized before.

Abstract: A method of co-ordinating communication between a plurality of base stations in a communication system, comprising designating timeslots where said base stations receive and/or transit co-ordination messages to each other. The system may be an autonomous cellular system and the timeslots may be regularly spaced.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method, system and device for determining an SRS frequency hopping pattern. The method includes: user equipment constructing a parent table which contains a plurality of child tables; determining an SRS frequency-domain reference position p according to NRBUL, CSRS, nRRC and bhop; calculating n?RRC according to NRBUL, CSRS and nRRC and selecting a child table from the parent table according to the n?RRC; according to the nSRS and the selected child table, taking n?SRS=(nSRS mod P)·S as an index to look up the table to obtain an SRS frequency hopping frequency-domain position offset q in each SRS frequency hopping period according to an SRS frequency hopping bandwidth parameter bhop and an SRS-bandwidth parameter BSRS distributed by an eNodeB; calculating r=p+q and calculating an SRS transmission frequency-domain subcarrier offset k0; repeating the processing for P times within one SRS frequency hopping period to obtain an SRS frequency hopping pattern.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry and a display. A display driver integrated circuit in the display may have a spectrum analyzer circuit. An antenna may monitor for wireless signals. The display driver integrated circuit may use the spectrum analyzer circuit to analyze the wireless signals and determine whether there is a potential for visible display artifacts. In the presence of conditions that can lead to display artifacts, the display driver integrated circuit may adjust a gate driver control signal. Adjustments to the gate driver control signal may be made using adjustable signal dividers. The adjustments to the gate driver control signal eliminate the visible display artifacts.

Abstract: Disclosed examples include methods and network devices for communicating in a wireless network, in which the device generates frequency hopping sequence y(j) having a prime number sequence length p, using cyclotomic classes in a field of p or using a baby-step giant-step algorithm, where y(0)=p?1 and the remaining sequence values y(j)=log?(j) mod (p?1). In certain examples, ?=2 and the sequence is generated without solving logarithms using one or more algorithms to conserve memory and processing complexity for low power wireless sensors or other IEEE 802.15.4e based networks using Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) communications.

Abstract: An application that creates a dynamic ad hoc network by wirelessly linking a plurality of mobile Bluetooth transceivers. The dynamic ad hoc network enables communication between a transmitting Bluetooth transceiver and a receiving Bluetooth transceiver through at least one intermediary Bluetooth transceiver exclusive of other higher power consuming and expensive communication protocols, such as cellular networks. The network provides a number of solutions, including transportation management, traffic alerts, traffic telematics, information associated with road signs, warnings of speed limit changes, navigation, emergency scenarios (more specifically in a condition where a cellular network is inoperable or unavailable), etc. Navigation can utilize GPS, motion sensors, references from RF beacons signals, and the like to determine a user's location and routing.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a data transmission method based on cross-carrier scheduling. The method includes: determining a first downlink subframe according to a timing relationship of an uplink HARQ of a reference uplink and downlink configuration, where the first downlink subframe is used to indicate timing of sending uplink scheduling grant information of a first uplink subframe of a scheduled cell; transmitting the uplink scheduling grant information in a subframe of a scheduling cell corresponding to the first downlink subframe, under a circumstance that the subframe of the scheduling cell corresponding to the first downlink subframe is a downlink subframe, where an uplink and downlink configuration of the scheduling cell and an uplink and downlink configuration of the scheduled cell are different; and receiving or sending uplink data in the first uplink subframe. In the present invention, the cross-carrier scheduling may be implemented effectively.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatuses are provided that facilitate selecting resources, such as time slots, subframes, etc., for performing bandwidth switching related to activating and/or deactivating one or more carriers. A data portion of one or more subframes can be selected for performing bandwidth switching. In addition, a device can determine whether one or more downlink grants are received in the one or more subframes, and can avoid selecting such subframes. The device can alternatively perform the bandwidth switching and request retransmission of the data portion. Additionally or alternatively, the device can determine a type of the one or more subframes and/or signals transmitted in the one or more subframes to determine whether to perform bandwidth switching in the subframes. The bandwidth switching can include changing a sampling rate, reconfiguring frequency filters, modifying a local oscillator, etc.

Abstract: A communications node operable to communicate with another communications node over a communications channel having a plurality of frequency resources, the communications node includes data defining a division of the communications channel into a plurality of contiguous sub-bands each having N frequency resources, wherein each frequency resource in a sub-band has a corresponding frequency resource in each of the other sub-bands, data defining an initial allocation of the frequency resources, a resource determination module operable to apply a frequency shift to the initially allocated frequency resources in accordance with a frequency hopping sequence to determine frequency resources to use for communicating information with the other communications node, wherein the frequency shift applied moves the initially allocated frequency resources to corresponding frequency resources in another sub-band, a transceiver for communicating information with the other communications node using the determined frequency reso

Abstract: A channel map generation method includes: performing a power spectrum density detection on a plurality of channels in a frequency band, to generate a first channel map; and performing a first smoothing operation on the first channel map by a first window size to generate a second channel map. The first smoothing operation includes: grouping channels of the first channel map into a plurality of channel groups according to the first window size; and according to the number of good channels or bad channels in each of the channel group, deciding to retain channel determinations in the first channel map of the channel group, or re-designating all the channels of the channel group, so as to generate the second channel map.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques to enable discovery of a NAN cluster using low-power communication. According to such techniques, a NAN discovery beacon including information indicative of a schedule for communication using a first radio is transmitted using a second radio that utilizes a lower amount of power relative to the first radio.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for transmitting data. An index of a first resource block is obtained from a scheduling grant. A user equipment determines a value related to hopping based on a sequence generated by cell specific information. The user equipment determines a value related to mirroring based on the sequence generated by the cell specific information. The user equipment determines a second resource block for uplink transmission by the index of the first resource block, the value related to hopping, and the value related to mirroring.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for setting a clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold includes receiving, by a station from a first access point, a first message including an information element and determining a CCA threshold in accordance with the information element. The method also includes detecting a power level of a channel between the station and the access point to produce a first detected power level and comparing the first detected power level and the CCA threshold. Additionally, the method includes transmitting, by the station to the first access point on the channel, a second message when the detected power level is less than the CCA threshold.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for transmitting data in a subframe including two slots in a communication system. Resource allocation information is received at a UE. The UE determines a resource for data transmission based on the resource allocation information, whether hopping is enabled, whether mirroring is enabled, and whether hopping is intra-subframe and inter-subframe hopping or inter-subframe hopping. Data is transmitted via the determined resource from the UE to a Node B.

Abstract: Variable bandwidth assignment and frequency hopping are employed to make efficient use of radio resources. Variable bandwidth assignment is achieved by dynamically allocating different numbers of subcarriers to different mobile terminals depending on their instantaneous channel conditions. The frequency hopping patterns are determined “on-the-fly” based on the current bandwidth assignments. The bandwidth assignments and frequency hopping patterns are signaled to the mobile terminals in a scheduling grant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transmission method which generates and sends a transmission signal generated from a multiplexing OFDM signal or a multiplexing wavelet-OFDM signal employing a multiplexing-spread chip sequence in which a chip of a code sequence for spread and a code sequence for combination, and a chip of a code sequence for localization are multiplied and multiplexed, and a receiving method which makes a high SN ratio improvement rate possible by converting the received signal to a frequency domain to acquire the multiplexing-spread chip sequence and by performing de-spreading and localizing processing to detect a localized pulse. According to the data transmission using the transmission and receiving method, data is mapped into a code sequence, and the receiving side can detect the data as the kind of code sequence, the shift time of a localized pulse and the polarity at a high SN ratio improvement rate.

Abstract: Systems and methods to provide fast time acquisition in a frequency-hopped communication link by taking advantage of the fact that a modem receive path has an instantaneous bandwidth that can span multiple discrete frequencies used by the frequency-hopped link. The systems and methods take advantage of the probabilistic frequency locality of time hypotheses to find a set of time hypotheses that can be searched simultaneously.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for distributing spurious tones through the frequency domain are disclosed. One such apparatus can include a dithering circuit configured to generate a sequence of numbers that exhibit statistical randomness and a variable frequency circuit configured to adjust a frequency of an output based on the sequence of numbers so as to spread energy of spurious tones in a frequency response of the output to lower a noise floor. In one example, spurious tones can be reduced in a negative voltage generator of a radio frequency (RF) attenuator.

Abstract: In a base station (100), when the number of layers employed is 1 and the employed antenna port and the antenna port used for transmitting the allocation control signal are the same, a transmission controller (102) sets a first data resource region inside a first resource region, in a resource block group (RBG), that can be used for the control channel or the data channel. When the number of layers employed is 1 and the employed antenna port and the antenna port used for transmitting the allocation control signal are different, a transmission controller (102) sets a second data resource region inside the first resource region in the RBG. The second data resource region is larger than the first data resource region.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for efficient channel use is disclosed. The channel use method may comprise the steps of: selecting a specific channel from channels configured to be shared along with a homogeneous or heterogeneous communication scheme; and performing an interference avoidance procedure if the selected channel interferes with a neighboring access point. The avoidance procedure may comprise one or more of a process of making a request to switch a channel of the neighboring access point, a process of notifying to the neighboring access point, and a process of changing the selected channel into another channel.

Abstract: According to a wireless circuit, in a case where a control section carries out switching between use frequency bands of an antenna, the control section sets, in accordance with a first set value which has been adjusted by an impedance variable matching section before the switching, a set value of an impedance variable matching section after the switching. This prevents communication, which is carried out by the wireless circuit including the variable matching section, from being cut off when the use frequency band are switched.

Abstract: A piconet communications system (e.g. Bluetooth®) is used to distribute information to mobile user devices 1 which advertise (10) that they require the information available. In a reversal of the conventional information provision protocols, the information provider 2 scans for user devices receptive to such data (21), and transmit the required data (27), only to such devices that require it. The information provider 2 also has provision to ensure that it transmits the information to each user device only once (step 26). By having the information provider performing the scanning, and only transmitting data to user devices that have indicated they will accept it, and have not already received it, the power consumption of the mobile devices is minimized as they do not need to perform any scanning or information-filtering operations, these being performed by the fixed information provider terminal.

Abstract: Variable bandwidth assignment and frequency hopping are employed to make efficient use of radio resources. Variable bandwidth assignment is achieved by dynamically allocating different numbers of subcarriers to different mobile terminals depending on their instantaneous channel conditions. The frequency hopping patterns are determined “on-the-fly” based on the current bandwidth assignments. The bandwidth assignments and frequency hopping patterns are signaled to the mobile terminals in a scheduling grant.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, an APM provides sequential numbers to channels formed by dividing a specific frequency band, selects the channels in bit-reversed order of the numbers to divide the channels in frequency groups, creates a small hopping table for each frequency group, and generates a hopping table using the plurality of small hopping tables, and an AP performs channel access to a STA by frequency hopping with reference to the hopping table.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided, the method incorporating the steps of detecting other interfering wireless gateways of the security system, their frequency hopping pattern, their phase relative to a time reference and a dwell time relative to the time reference, selecting a channel set and a phase of operation for communicating with a plurality of sensors relative to the time reference using frequency hopping based upon the detected frequency hopping pattern, the phase and dwell time of the other wireless gateways, communicating with the plurality of sensors and periodically comparing its phase of operation with the phase of the other interfering wireless gateways and adjusting its phase based upon the comparison with the phase of the other interfering wireless gateways.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for transmitting data by a user equipment (UE) in a communication system. Resource information is received from a node B. A hopping parameter is determined based on a sequence defined by a cell specific seed. A mirroring parameter is determined based on the sequence defined by the cell specific seed. A resource for data transmission is determined based on the resource information, the hopping parameter, and the mirroring parameter. The data is transmitted using the resource for data transmission. The hopping parameter and the mirroring parameter are determined at a slot.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments provide modified frequency hopping patterns that enable synchronization of a wireless tracking device with a beacon signal that defines a predetermined area (i.e., beacon fence). In an embodiment, a beacon may transmit a beacon signal according to a modified frequency hopping pattern and a wireless tracking device may receive the beacon signal by tuning a receiver according to the frequency hopping pattern. In an embodiment, the modified frequency hopping pattern may include a reference frequency generated at a high redundancy pattern multiplexed with a pseudo random sequence of frequencies. In an embodiment, the packets of the beacon signal transmitted at the reference frequency may include an indication of the next frequency according to the modified frequency hopping pattern.

Abstract: This application discusses, among other things, calibration systems for ameliorating nonlinearity of a digital-to-time converter (DTC). In an example, a calibration system can include a calibration path configured to represent a segment of the DTC, a time-to-digital circuit configured to receive an output of the calibration path and the processed frequency information and to provide timing error information of the segment, and a calibration engine configured to receive controller modulation information from a main controller, to provide calibration modulation information to the DTC, to receive the timing error information, and to provide compensation information to a correction circuit coupled to the DTC using the timing error information.