Abstract: The embodiments of the invention describe a method for antenna selection in a wireless communication network. The network includes a transceiver having a set of antennas. The transceiver is configured to transmit a frequency-hopped sounding reference signal (SRS) over a subband from a subset of antennas at a time. The transceiver transmits the frequency-hopped SRS from subsets of antennas in the set of antennas substantially alternately. In response to the transmitting, the transceiver receives information indicative of an optimal subset of antennas and transmits data from the optimal subset of antennas.

Abstract: A communication system includes digital signals that carry data and correspond to channels of a composite signal to be transmitted across a communication channel. Active channels are detected and used to configure digital processing. In one embodiment, active channels are detected, where a particular active channel corresponds to the presence of a particular one of the digital signals. Active channel detection may be used to configure pre-distortion of a composite signal to be transmitted to compensate for distortion in a digital-to-analog converter. Likewise, active channel detection may be used to optimize the configuration of an up-converter. In one embodiment, a programmable device is configured based on detected active channels into a plurality of different configurations.

Abstract: A method of generating a spread spectrum clock signal in an integrated circuit, the method comprising providing a programmable digital clock generator in programmable logic of the integrated circuit, coupling a user-programmable control signal to the programmable clock generator to control the frequency deviation of the spread spectrum clock signal, and generating the spread spectrum clock signal in response to the user-programmable control signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for fast synchronization and data reception for frequency hopping wireless communication systems are disclosed. Aspects of one method may include receiving a plurality of RF signals corresponding to a plurality of hopping frequencies. The RF signals may be processed in parallel to determine a hopping sequence. For example, the plurality of RF signals may be down-converted to a corresponding plurality of IF or baseband signals. The down-converted signals may be combined together to a single combined signal, and the single combined signal may then be processed to determine the frequency hopping sequence.

Abstract: A method for performing uplink transmission in a time domain transmission unit includes receiving, from a base station, hopping-mode information indicating whether a frequency hopping is an inter-slot hopping or an inter-subframe hopping and performing the uplink transmission using a resource block in the time domain transmission unit.

Abstract: A communication device is disclosed, having a transceiving circuit, a timer circuit, and a control circuit. The transceiving circuit is used to transceive frequency hopping signals according to at least part of good channels in a channel map. The timer circuit is used to calculate a timespan of one or more communication intervals in which the transceiving circuit transceives the frequency hopping signals. The control circuit is used to compare the timespan with a time threshold to determine whether signal transmission tests with one or more bad channels in the channel map should be performed to update the channel map.

Abstract: A method of power saving for a wireless transceiver (FIGS. 1 and 2) is disclosed. The transceiver has an active power mode (504) and a reduced power mode (510). The transceiver is operated in the reduced power mode (510) and monitors transmissions from a remote wireless transmitter while in the reduced power mode. The transceiver identifies a transmission from the remote wireless transmitter by a transceiver identity included in the transmission (FIG. 6, UE identification). The transceiver transitions to the active power mode (512) in response to identifying the transmission.

Abstract: Techniques for selecting and processing signals from different stations in a wireless network are described. A destination station may receive a direct signal from a source station and at least one relay signal from at least one relay station. The destination station may determine metrics for the source and relay stations, e.g., based on pilots received from these stations. The destination station may select at least one signal to process from among the direct and relay signals based on the metrics for the source and relay stations. The destination station may select the direct signal if the metric for the source station exceeds a threshold. The destination station may select the relay signal from each relay station having a metric exceeding at least one threshold. The destination station may process the at least one selected signal to recover a transmission sent by the source station to the destination station.

Abstract: Provided are a wireless communication apparatus and a reference signal generating method, wherein inter-cell interference is reduced inside and outside a CoMP set. A CoMP mode setting unit (101) sets whether the terminal (100) thereof is a CoMP terminal or a Non-CoMP terminal. When the terminal (100) is set as a Non-CoMP terminal, the hopping pattern calculating unit (104) calculates a ZC sequence number to be used as the transmission timing, from among all the ZC sequence numbers that can be used within the system. When the terminal (100) is set as a CoMP terminal, the hopping pattern calculating unit (104) calculates a ZC sequence number to be used as the transmission timing, by hopping the ZC sequence numbers to be used within the CoMP set. A ZC sequence generating unit (105) generates a ZC sequence to be used as an SRS, using the calculated ZC sequence number.

Abstract: A base station in a cellular wireless communications system uses one or more control algorithms to control a transmission pattern of a 1xRTT or DO discovery beacon. The transmission pattern enables access terminals using any one of multiple wake-up periods and wake-up offsets to discover all macrocell frequencies in a finite amount of time. In addition, for base stations allocating a single transmit chain to both 1xRTT and DO beacons, the transmission pattern enables a definite maximum discovery time for both 1xRTT and DO beacons for all access terminals entering the base station coverage.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for compensating for the effects of interference between multiple wireless communication apparatus. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a first wireless communication apparatus operating in a first band and a second wireless communication apparatus operating at least partly in the first band, where the second wireless communication apparatus operates according to a different communication protocol than the first wireless communication apparatus. Interference is compensated for between the first wireless communication apparatus and the second wireless communication apparatus by selecting and operating according to one of a plurality of operational protocols. In another embodiment, the first wireless communication apparatus and the second wireless communication apparatus operate in a closed-loop relationship to cooperatively compensate for communication interference.

Abstract: A signal to be transmitted from a terminal via a channel in a communication network is encoded by receiving the signal at the terminal; determining characteristics of the channel; encoding a first portion of the signal in accordance with a first encoding method to produce a first encoded signal portion; and encoding a second portion of the signal in accordance with a second encoding method to produce a second encoded signal portion. The first portion of the signal is encoded in accordance with the first encoding method depending on the determined characteristics of the channel. The first encoded signal portion and the second encoded signal portion are transmitted via the channel.

Abstract: A method for multi-radio coexistence receives historical frequency usage information and historical time usage information from a first radio. The method creates a time and frequency mask by extrapolating the historical frequency and time usage information to future times and frequencies when the first radio will be active and uses the time and frequency mask to schedule a second radio to avoid receiving when the first radio will likely be active. A related apparatus has a collocated radio input for receiving timing usage information, a non-collocated radio input for receiving frequency usage information, and a time and frequency mask generator for creating a time and frequency mask using the timing usage information and the frequency usage information. The method and apparatus predicts collocated and non-collocated radio activity in both the time and frequency dimensions to reduce interference among radios operating in overlapping or adjacent frequency bands.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a management device determines a topology of nodes in a network. Based on the topology, frequency hopping sequences are assigned (and notified) to the nodes such that each particular node of a certain set of the nodes is assigned a frequency hopping sequence on which to transmit that is different than frequency hopping sequences of neighbors and hidden neighbors of that particular node. In another embodiment, a transmitting node first transmits a transmission indication signal on its particular frequency band based on its frequency hopping sequence, and then transmits a message on the particular frequency band. In a further embodiment, a receiving node listening to a plurality of frequency bands may detect the transmission indication signal on the particular frequency band. In response, the receiving node filters out all frequency bands other than the particular frequency band, and receives the following transmission on that particular frequency band.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus includes a communication control unit, a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The communication control unit selects one frequency channel from a plurality of frequency channels and switches the frequency channel to be selected. The receiving unit is configured to receive a reception signal of the selected frequency channel from another wireless communication apparatus. The receiving unit includes an interference wave detection circuit configured to detect an interference wave signal of a detection frequency. The interference wave signal is included in an input signal received during an interference wave detection period. In the interference wave detection period, the reception signal is not received. The communication control unit masks a frequency channel related to the detection frequency among the plurality of frequency channels to create a frequency channel map. The communication control unit does not select the masked frequency channel.

Abstract: A cellular communications system includes a plurality of base stations and a plurality of user devices. In use, each user device is associated with a base station and is operable to communicate with the associated base station over a communication channel having a plurality of frequency resources. Each user device has a respective initial allocation of said frequency resources. Each user device is operable to apply a frequency shift to its initially allocated frequency resource in accordance with a frequency hopping sequence. The user devices that are associated with the same base station are operable, in use, to use the same frequency hopping sequence and are synchronized with each other so that, at any point in time, a common frequency shift is applied by the user devices associated with the same base station. User devices associated, in use, with different base stations use different frequency hopping sequences.

Abstract: System and method are disclosed for synchronization of a transmitting device and a receiving device that communicate with each other via pulse modulation. The synchronization technique entails the transmitting device sending one or more quasi-periodic pulse sequences to the receiving device. A quasi-periodic pulse sequence is based on a substantially periodic pulse sequence, and may include some non-periodic pulses or not include some periodic pulses. The transmitting device may transmit frames each including a preamble that comprises one or more quasi-periodic pulse sequences, and a data payload that may comprise data. The receiving device receives the signal, generates samples of the signal, and detects the quasi-periodic pulse sequences in the received signal by analyzing samples based on a sample associated with a pulse and the period associated with the substantially periodic pulse sequence.

Abstract: A narrow-channel transmitter in a dual-radio communication device reduces its bandwidth for the benefit of a wide-channel receiver in the dual-radio communication device. Narrow channels are marked as unavailable based on actual off-line adjacent channel rejection ‘ACR’ information that characterizes tolerance of the wide-channel receiver to adjacent channel interference ‘ACI’ caused by transmissions from the narrow-channel transmitter.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention comprises a group classification part for classifying the entire channels of the FHSS system into a certain number of groups according to the channel bandwidth unit of an FS interference signal; an FS interference elimination part for eliminating a group in which an FS interference exists from said certain number of groups based on the packet error rate (PER) of said certain number of groups that have been classified; and an FD interference avoidance part for avoiding interference by transmitting a packet only if an interference signal does not exist by estimating the existence of said FD interference signal based on a time sequence with respect to the channel to be used for the next frequency hopping (FH), when transmitting a signal by utilizing FH using channels wherein said FS interference signal does not exist.

Abstract: A frequency hopping receiver circuit has a frequency converter (12) and a hopping control circuit (14) coupled to the frequency converter (12), and configured to control frequency hopping of the received frequency, by controlling changes in frequency shift applied by the frequency converter (12). The frequency change is applied in combination with a temporary reduction in conversion gain of the frequency converter (12) during the change in frequency shift. The frequency converter may contain a mixer (122), a local oscillator circuit (120) and a controllable amplifier (124) coupled between the input of the frequency converter (12) and the mixer (122) or between the mixer (122) and the output of the frequency converter (12), or between the local oscillator circuit (120) and the local oscillator input of the mixer (122).

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for using a frequency hopping scheme in a broadcast communication system are provided. A method for transmitting a broadcast signal via at least two frequency bands by a transmission end device in the broadcast communication system includes determining a frequency hopping pattern for providing a broadcast service and transmitting the same; transmitting control information via a first frame after a frequency is changed according to the frequency hopping pattern; and transmitting broadcast data for the broadcast service via a frame transmitted after the first frame.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a network node of a wireless network, and to a related method of controlling interference generated by at least one white space device controlled by the network node. The method comprises transmitting a request for information regarding channels available for secondary usage to the remote entity, and receiving information from the remote entity, the information indicating a channel available for secondary usage, a critical position associated with said channel, and an interference threshold for the critical position.

Abstract: A digital circuit configured to spread a clock train spectrum includes a clock configured to generate the clock train, and a variable divider configured to divide the frequency of the clock train by a temporally-varying-divider value to modulate the clock train and generate a dithered clock train. The circuit further includes a first accumulator configured to accumulate the dithered clock train to generate a frequency modulation waveform, and a second accumulator configured accumulate the frequency modulated waveform to generate a phase modulation signal. The circuit further includes a phase-value calculator configured to calculate the temporally-varying divider value based on the phase modulation signal; and a closed-loop control circuit configured to track and filter the modulation of the dithered clock train to generate a second clock train that is the spread spectrum of the first mentioned clock train.

Abstract: A noise suppression apparatus is provided with: an offset correction unit that corrects changes in a DC offset generated by the hopping of radio frequencies or a local leak correction unit that corrects changes of local leaks generated by hopping of radio frequencies; and a noise elimination unit that suppresses the amplitude of noise generated by the offset correction unit or local leak correction unit and that is provided with switches that turn ON and OFF in synchronization with the hopping of radio frequencies, and an amplitude suppression unit connected between two differential output lines of the offset correction unit or the local leak correction unit by way of the switches.

Abstract: A device may generate a clock signal using spread-spectrum clocking. The spread-spectrum clocking may modulate a frequency of the clock signal to produce a plurality of frequencies for the clock signal during a modulation cycle. The device may receive an instruction to disable the spread-spectrum clocking, and may disable the spread spectrum clocking at the end of the modulation cycle.

Abstract: A transmitter configured to communicate a data chirp signal to a receiver, the chirp signal comprising at least one symbol, each symbol comprising one or more identical chirps, each symbol having a different gradient to another symbol in the chirp signal, each chirp encoding a symbol value, the transmitter comprising: an address encoding module configured to encode an address associated with the communication via the sequence of gradients of the symbols in the chirp signal; a data encoding module configured to encode data in the chirp signal via the symbol value of each chirp; and a transmitting module configured to transmit the data chirp signal to the receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a transmit network to transmit an input from a first amplifier to an antenna, a receive network to provide an input from an antenna to a second amplifier, a first switch to selectively decouple the transmit network from the antenna, and a second switch to selectively decouple the receive network from the antenna. Other embodiments may be described.

Abstract: Disclosed are a wireless communication apparatus and frequency hopping method which minimize the change in the instantaneous power distribution characteristics of the time waveform of transmission signals when a plurality of channels are multiplexed by frequency division. At a terminal (200), a mapping unit (212) maps the PUCCH to frequency resources of a first slot, maps the PUSCH to frequency resources, among the frequency resources of the first slot, separated exactly by predetermined frequency spacing (B) from the frequency resources to which the PUCCH is mapped, and cyclically shifts the frequencies so as to map the PUCCH and PUSCH to frequency resources, within an IDFT or IFFT bandwidth, of a second slot while maintaining the predetermined frequency spacing (B), thereby allowing frequency hopping of the PUCCH and PUSCH between the first slot and the second slot.

Abstract: A mobile station (UE) according to the present invention includes: a CP length determiner unit (15) configured to determine a length of a CP to be inserted in an uplink signal; and a CP adder unit (14) configured to generate the uplink signal by adding a CP to any one of an inputted signal modulated by DFT-Spread OFDM (Single Carrier FDMA) scheme and an inputted signal modulated OFDM scheme, the CP having the length determined by the CP length determiner unit (15), wherein the cyclic prefix length determiner unit (15) is configured to be capable of setting the length of the CP to be inserted in the uplink signal independently of a length of a CP inserted in a downlink signal.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation signal generators, which generate a first OFDM modulation signal and a second OFDM modulation signal. The transmission apparatus also includes a transmitter that transmits the first OFDM modulation signal from a first antenna and the second OFDM modulation signal from a second antenna, in an identical frequency band.

Abstract: A transceiver has a first antenna and a second antenna for transmitting alternatively a frequency-hopped sounding reference signal (SRS) over a sub-band of a bandwidth at a time. The transceiver includes a determination unit for determining whether a number of sub-bands in the bandwidth is odd or even, a transmitter for transmitting the SRS continuously from the first antenna, if the number of sub-bands is even, and a receiver for receiving a response to the transmitting.

Abstract: A Bluetooth paging procedure can implement a mechanism for predicting a Bluetooth paging channel in a paging channel hopping sequence. One or more Bluetooth paging channels, on which one or more page requests intended for a Bluetooth device were received, are determined from a plurality of Bluetooth communication channels. One of a plurality of paging channel hopping sequences associated with the Bluetooth device that comprises each of the one or more determined Bluetooth paging channels is identified. A time delay associated with determining a target Bluetooth paging channel from the plurality of Bluetooth communication channels on which to transmit a page response is determined. The target Bluetooth paging channel is determined based, at least in part, on the identified one of the plurality of the paging channel hopping sequences and the time delay.

Abstract: Channel selection techniques for a wireless network are described. An apparatus may comprise a device to communicate information over a common wireless communication link. The device may include a channel selection module to select a channel pair comprising a high rate physical channel and a low rate physical channel based on energy measurements for the channels. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for uplink transmitting control information from a user equipment in a wireless communication system comprises selecting a specific point among a plurality of points distributed into a symbol space, corresponding to control information, the symbol space including a modulation dimension and a sequence dimension; mapping a signal corresponding to the specific point with a control channel including single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols; and transmitting the control channel. Preferably, the specific point belongs to the sequence dimension.

Abstract: In a closed-loop TPC for a channel using a wireless resource, to which frequency hopping is applied, a high quality reception is achieved for all RBs without applying another technique to each RB. This transmission power control method, in a mobile communications system that transmits signals by frequency hopping in a plurality of resource blocks, includes a transmission power control method that transmission-power controls a channel in a closed loop using a wireless resource to which frequency hopping is applied, measures a reception channel quality of received signals for each resource block (RB1 and RB2), and transmits a TPC command-bit via a downlink so that the reception quality that is independently measured at each resource block among the resource blocks is made equal to a target reception quality.

Abstract: Embodiments described provide for resource allocation for a transmission to a wireless device. The frequency band is partitioned into at least two contiguous subbands. A determination is made whether it is desirable to transmit in a single subband or in more than one subband. The transmission is assigned to occur in either the single subband or to operate in more than one subband. If the transmission is restricted to one subband, the hop pattern is also restricted to subcarriers within the particular subband.

Abstract: An approach for selecting sets of communications channels involves determining the performance of communications channels. A set of channels is selected based on the results of performance testing and specified criteria. The participant generates data that identifies the selected set of channels and provides that data to other participants of the communications network. The participants communicate over the set of channels, such as by using a frequency hopping protocol. When a specified time expires or monitoring of the performance of the channel set identifies poor performance of the set of channels, the participant selects another set of channels for use in communications based on additional performance testing. By selecting channels based on the initial performance testing and performance monitoring, the communications network adaptively avoids channels with poor performance.

Abstract: A pilot signal is transmitted with a predetermined frequency band and a data signal is transmitted with a partial band of the frequency band, and the pilot signal and the data signal to be transmitted with at least the partial band, are controlled its waveform to have the same waveforms in a frequency domain. Thus, in the case of controlling waveforms of the pilot signal and the data signal which have different occupied bands, it is possible to, in a portion of the occupied band for the data signal, avoid the mapping of a low-quality pilot signal or the like, enhance the data signal demodulation capability and improve the data signal reception characteristic while suppressing PAPR.

Abstract: For a demand of high speed, low cost and low power loss short distance wireless communication, a high-speed sampling and low-precision quantification pulse ultra-wideband wireless communication method is provided. A baseband narrow pulse sequence is generated at a transmission end using the digital technology by the method, and is transmitted after modulating amplifying and filtering and amplifying at a reception end, after the digital-signal processing of synchronizing, channel estimating, related detecting, and channel decoding, tec, is performed for the quantified data, the transmission information is retrieved.

Abstract: Available bandwidth is divided into multiple sub-channels, and respective sub-bands containing one or more of these sub-channels are allocated to one or more users. A first frequency allocation is determined, and mathematical operators are used to determine at least one further frequency allocation from the first frequency allocation. A frequency hopping sequence is then determined, including the first frequency allocation, and the or each further frequency allocation. A network node may perform the allocation method, and a user equipment may operate using the allocated bandwidth.

Abstract: A frequency allocation method and apparatus using a mirroring-assisted frequency hopping pattern is provided for retransmission in a wireless communication system operating in a frequency hopping mode. A frequency mapping method for a wireless communication system operating in a frequency hopping mode includes determining whether or not mirroring is used in accordance with a number of packet transmissions; mapping a frequency resource for a packet transmission based on a result of the determination; and receiving a packet using the mapped frequency resource.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a battery-operated communication device “quick-samples” a frequency hopping sequence at a periodic rate corresponding to a substantially low duty cycle, and is discovered by (e.g., attached to) a main-powered communication device. During a scheduled sample, the main-powered communication device transmits a control packet to be received by the battery-operated communication device, the control packet containing timing information and transmitted to account for worst-case clock drift error between the two devices. The battery-operated communication device responds to the control packet with a link-layer acknowledgment containing timing information from the battery-operated communication device. Accordingly, the two devices may re-synchronize their timing based on the timing information in the control packet and acknowledgment, respectively.

Abstract: A method of determining a set of Zero Correlation Zone (ZCZ) lengths, comprises: determining the length of a root sequence, and selecting such a set of ZCZ lengths that, for any cell radius, the maximum number of preambles obtained from a ZCZ length which is selected from the selected set of ZCZ lengths is closest to the maximum number of preambles determined from a ZCZ length which is selected from the set of all integers, wherein the maximum number of preambles is determined from the length of the root sequence and a ZCZ length selected. This disclosure provides a technical solution for selecting a better limited set of ZCZ lengths by which signaling overload is reduced.

Abstract: An adaptive frequency hopping system and method uses two separate channel masks in an electronic device with collocated frequency hopping and single frequency systems to permit simultaneous transmissions by both systems without reducing a rate of data communication through the single frequency system. A first channel mask, corresponding to a transmission mask, and a second channel mask, corresponding to a reception mask, are separated from a carrier frequency used by the single frequency system, and optionally from two different carrier frequencies used by two different single frequency systems, by a selected magnitude of frequency difference. The selected magnitude of frequency difference may optionally be reduced to permit a channel mask to contain a minimum selected number of frequency hopping channels.

Abstract: Described is a technology by which available radio frequency channels are switched/varied by communicating devices according to a frequency hopping pattern. The pattern may be a pseudorandom pattern, which may be weighted based at least in part on channel interference data. As also described herein, interference-related data may be used in a decoding scheme.

Abstract: An improved barrier door one way wireless communication system for operating a barrier, such as a garage door, includes the transmission and reception of multibit code hopping data packets in combination with automatic RF channel switching. Packet data is transmitted automatically on more than one RF channels in a switching style while sending two or more redundant multibit code hopping data packets on each of the RF channels. The system also provides for the learning of a transmitter to a receiver where two or more code hopping data packets must be received and decoded by the receiver on all RF channels before a transmitter can be learned to a receiver. Once the transmitter is learned, actuation of the transmitter during a learn mode can open a window for learning of a single channel transmitter.

Abstract: A method and system for optimizing data throughput in a Bluetooth communication system is provided. The method may include determining the bit error rate (BER) of a first Bluetooth packet type of a plurality of Bluetooth packet types transmitted at a first power output level by a Bluetooth transmitter and selecting a second packet type from the plurality of Bluetooth packet types in response to determining the bit error rate. The different packet types may comprise DM1, DM3, DM5, DH1, DH3, DH5, HV1, HV2, HV3, 2DH1, 2DH3, 2DH5, 3DH1, 3DH3, and 3DH5 Bluetooth packets. The method may also include estimating the BER from the packet error rate (PER) of the first Bluetooth packet type, where the PER may be computed by comparing a number of packets of said first Bluetooth packet type with good CRCs to a number of packets of said first Bluetooth packet type with bad CRCs.

Abstract: System and method for signaling control information in a multi-carrier communications system to transmit data. A preferred embodiment comprises demodulating a first carrier that is used for transmitting a control channel transmission, determining a second carrier that is used for transmitting a data channel transmission based upon the demodulated control channel transmission, and demodulating the second carrier to obtain the data channel transmission. Additionally, designs for multi-carrier receivers are provided.

Abstract: A method for frequency hopping of a downlink dedicated pilot frequency, comprises: for the downlink dedicated pilot frequency, determining a frequency hopping offset corresponding to the downlink dedicated pilot frequency according to a cell identity of a cell to which it pertains (S202); determining a frequency domain position of the downlink dedicated pilot frequency in a physical resource block to which it belongs after a frequency hopping according to the frequency hopping offset and a relative frequency domain position of the downlink dedicated pilot frequency (S204); performing resource mapping for the downlink dedicated pilot frequency on the entire frequency domain according to the determined frequency domain position (S206). A base station is used to implement the frequency hopping of the downlink dedicated pilot frequency.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for communicating messages via frequency hopping and utilizing multiple different frequency hopping sequences to facilitate the message or other data exchange. A transmitter frequency hopping sequence is provided that is derived from a set of available frequencies. A receiver frequency hopping sequence is also derived from those frequencies. The transmitter frequency hopping sequence differs from the receiver frequency hopping sequence, at least in regards to the order that the frequencies of the respective sequence will be involved in the message communication. The next frequency in the transmitter frequency hopping sequence is identified in which to transmit data. The data is transmitted at the identified communication frequency when that same frequency arises in the receiver frequency hopping sequence.