Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a scrambling processing unit and a sending unit. The scrambling processing unit is configured to generate a Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence (PRBS), perform a modulo-2 addition on the pseudo-random sequence and data frame data to scramble the data frame data including first load data, use one section of a part of the pseudo-random sequence on which the modulo-2 addition is performed with the data frame data as an identification sequence, and carry status information corresponding to the identification sequence in frame header information. The sending unit is configured to send the frame header information carrying the status information and the scrambled first load data. Through the scrambling process, continuous run-lengths of “1” and “0” in the data frame data are quite short, while basically the same probability of occurrence is maintained, which is favorable to transmission of the data frame data, thereby alleviating error code problems.

Abstract: A method of a transmitter, includes multiplying a data sequence by a first code, and multiplying a training sequence by a second code that is orthogonal to the first code. The method further includes adding the multiplied data and training sequences, and transmitting, to a receiver, the added data and training sequences.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the method may comprise receiving a plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals from a plurality of transmit antennas at a base station. A plurality of vectors of baseband combined channel estimates may be generated based on phase rotation of the received plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals. A plurality of pre-equalization weights may be generated based on the generated plurality of vectors of baseband combined channel estimates. The received plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals may be modified based on the generated plurality of pre-equalization weights. At least a portion of the generated plurality of pre-equalization weights may be fed back to the base station for modifying subsequently transmitted spatially multiplexed communication signals which are transmitted from at least a portion of the plurality of transmit antennas at the base station.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a spread spectrum signal in a wireless signal environment includes at least one antenna for receiving spread spectrum signals, such as UMTS signals, from a signal source in the wireless signal environment. In one embodiment, a detection circuit is configured for correlating a code in signal received by the apparatus with a set of possible codes for spread spectrum signals in order to detect the existence of a spread spectrum signal. In another embodiment, a detection circuit is configured for obtaining at least one reference frame of data from a received signal. The detection circuit is further operable for correlating a segment of the reference frame with a repeated segment of at least one subsequent frame of data in order to detect the existence of a spread spectrum signal. A repeater might incorporate such an apparatus wherein the variable gain of the repeater is adjusted based upon the correlation and the detection of a spread spectrum signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method 20 in a base station 2 for determining a transmission rank. The base station 2 controls two or more transmit antenna ports 3a, 3b for supporting a multi-antenna transmission mode and for transmission of data on a channel for communication with a user equipment 4. The method 20 comprises receiving 21 a rank indicator from a user equipment 4, the rank indicator indicating the number of spatial multiplexing layers recommended by the user equipment 4, and determining 22 the transmission rank based on a channel imbalance factor CIF, wherein the channel imbalance factor CIF quantifies a difference in receive power of the two or more transmit antenna ports 3a, 3b. The invention also relates to a base station, methods in user equipment, user equipment, computer programs, and computer program products.

Abstract: A method can include receiving, at a transmitter, during a symbol time that comprises a plurality of chip times, a data value for each of a plurality of distinct data channel inputs. During each chip time, the method can include (a) indexing a different row of a matrix of data bits; (b) decoding one channel input using a first subset of one or more columns of the indexed row; (c) determining a code value for the decoded one channel from a second subset of one or more columns of the indexed row; and (d) providing the coded data value to a transmission circuit for transmission to a receiver. Actions (a) to (d) can be performed for each of the plurality of chip times in the symbol time. In some implementations, the matrix of data bits is a Hadamard matrix with randomly shuffled rows.

Abstract: A system and method are described for distributed antenna wireless communications.

Abstract: A power line communication modem includes a receiver that receives a noise signal over a power line channel. The signal is OFDM-modulated on a set of sub-carriers, the sub-carriers being separated by a frequency separation. The power line communication modem also includes a processor that identifies a presence of a radio service within one or more fine frequency bands with a first resolution bandwidth by analyzing a plurality of fine frequency bands. The first resolution bandwidth is smaller than the frequency separation. The power line communication modem additionally includes a transmitter that excludes a signal in at least one of the plurality of fine frequency bands, in which the presence of the radio service has been identified, before transmitting the excluded signal.

Abstract: A mobile electronic device that includes a circuitry configured to acquire synchronization with a spreading code of an intermediate frequency signal that is obtained by converting a frequency of a received signal from a satellite in a global positioning system into a predetermined intermediate frequency, demodulate a message included in the intermediate frequency signal, output a primary signal to a predetermined signal line, and attach a predetermined header to a secondary signal and output the result to the predetermined signal line, and includes a display unit configured to display data corresponding to the primary signal and the secondary signal, such that the primary signal includes results of measuring one of position, velocity, and time of the mobile electronic device based on the message that is demodulated by the circuitry, and that the secondary signal includes the intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: A method and arrangement are provided for time synchronization between two geographically separated stationary clocks, such as first and second clocks located respectively at first and second ends of an AC power line. A first representation of an oscillating power line quantity is produced by measuring or recording the power line quantity at the first end of the power line, and time-stamping the first representation by the first clock. A second representation of the same oscillating power line quantity is produced by measuring the power line quantity at the second end of the power line, and time-stamping the second representation by the second clock. The first and second representations are compared to determine a clock offset between the first and second clocks. Based on the comparison, one or both of the first and second clocks are adjusted to reduce the determined clock offset.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transmission method which generates and sends a transmission signal generated from a multiplexing OFDM signal or a multiplexing wavelet-OFDM signal employing a multiplexing-spread chip sequence in which a chip of a code sequence for spread and a code sequence for combination, and a chip of a code sequence for localization are multiplied and multiplexed, and a receiving method which makes a high SN ratio improvement rate possible by converting the received signal to a frequency domain to acquire the multiplexing-spread chip sequence and by performing de-spreading and localizing processing to detect a localized pulse. According to the data transmission using the transmission and receiving method, data is mapped into a code sequence, and the receiving side can detect the data as the kind of code sequence, the shift time of a localized pulse and the polarity at a high SN ratio improvement rate.

Abstract: A method and system for covert communication is provided by using a hybrid approach of pseudo-random noise (PN) sequencing with chaotic signals to make a transmitted waveform both hard to detect and hard to intercept by an unintended receiver. The method and system makes a covert communication system with chaotic signals practical for in-field use, including operation in a high noise power environment and allowing for easily changing between different security keys to maintain covertness.

Abstract: An antenna beam scan unit includes: a Rotman lens that performs power division and synthesis between plural antenna ports and three or more beam ports; plural antenna elements which are connected to the respective antenna ports and to or from which radio waves are inputted or outputted; plural amplifiers that are connected to the respective beam ports of the Rotman lens and perform amplitude modulation on a signal; input paths for a transmission signal disposed in association with the amplifiers; switches for switching the input paths; and a beam control unit. The input paths include first paths and second paths on which a signal that is out of phase with a signal on the first paths is produced. The beam control unit selects two adjoining beam ports, and can switch the first paths and second paths as the input paths for the two beam ports.

Abstract: A system is disclosed with a first transceiver configured to communicate with a second transceiver. The first transceiver includes a message encoded by a spreading code and a transmitter configured to use beam forming to send the message as a beamformed transmit message to the second transceiver in one of multiple regions repeatedly targeted by the beam forming. The transceivers include a receiver configured to operating without beam forming in receiving to decode the message using the spreading code with a spreading length to compensate for the lack of beam forming. Other embodiments may include an integrated circuit with a processor operating a transmitter and a receiver of the first or the second transceiver. The integrated circuit may act as a central point, a base station and/or an access point communicating with a client, or operate the transceiver as the client, a station or as a cellular phone.

Abstract: An arrangement for providing synchronization between a number of overlapping area access points within a wireless LAN utilizes an Ethernet cable connection to transmit synchronization signals from a centralized hub/switch to each of the access points connected to the cable. The synchronization signal takes the form of a direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) signal. At each access point, a filter is used to recover the synchronization signal, allowing for the group of access points to share a common beacon signal and allowing frequency re-use among the access points.

Abstract: A method for access or starting verification for a vehicle using a mobile identification encoder and at least two antennas located in or on the vehicle at different locations includes: the antennas emitting electromagnetic signals at alterable times, wherein the electromagnetic signals are emitted in transmission blocks having alterable specific properties and wherein a plurality of transmission blocks are strung together to form a communication message in which each transmission block adopts an alterable position in time, the identification encoder receiving the electromagnetic signals emitted by the antennas and processing them to generate a response signal, and altering at least one of the times at which the individual antennas are actuated, the specific properties of the individual transmission blocks, and the position of the individual transmission blocks in time in the communication message in accordance with a cryptographical method.

Abstract: A wireless apparatus includes a millimeter-wave communication interface configured to exchange information within a millimeter-wave communication network, an UWB communication interface and circuitry configured to activate the UWB interface for communicating location indication to the communication network according to an UWB communication standard. The location indication is intended for locating the wireless apparatus within the network.

Abstract: Channel sounding information is received by a first communication device during an antenna selection training procedure. Antenna selection computations are performed, and the computations (i) assume that a second communication device uses a first Nss columns of a full-dimensional spatial spreading matrix to transmit the channel sounding information during the antenna selection training procedure, and (ii) accounts for the use, by the second communication device, of the first Nss columns of the full-dimensional spatial spreading matrix when transmitting Nss spatial streams. The full dimensional channel spatial spreading matrix has components i) a number of rows equal to a number, NT, of transmission chains to be used by the second communication device to transmit spatial data streams, and ii) a column dimension having a number of columns equal to NT, and Nss is less than both NT and NR, the number of receiving chains of the first communication device.

Abstract: An interface module (4) for a unit (1, 2) which is designed to transmit and/or amplify essential communication signals inside an antenna distribution system (29) is specified, said module comprising a first analog interface (6) for forwarding and receiving essential communication signals from mobile terminals (32), a second interface (7) for forwarding and receiving essential communication signals from the antenna distribution system (29), at least one signal path (9, 10) for forwarding the received communication signals between the two interfaces (6, 7), and a controllable digital unit (11) which incorporates the signal path (9, 10) and has means for digitizing incoming communication signals and for subjecting outgoing communication signals to analog conversion. In this case, the digital unit (11) is designed to identify essential communication signals in the digitized communication signals, to mask the remaining signals and to forward the essential communication signals.

Abstract: A method for operating an integrated transceiver, comprising coupling an operating transmitter and an operating receiver within the integrated wideband receiver, inputting a signal into the operating transmitter, performing a first conversion of the signal, wherein the signal is converted into a second signal, transmitting the second signal into the operating receiver, performing a second conversion of the signal, wherein the signal is converted into a third signal, transmitting the third signal into the operating transmitter, and adjusting the operating transmitter.

Abstract: A coded system for radio-frequency communication (RFC); the system comprising at least one base station (20) and a plurality of mobile devices (10); the base station and mobile devices are individually provided with running time information synchronized inter se; the mobile device is adapted for transmitting an identifying signal to the base station device; the base station is adapted for receiving the signal; wherein the signal further comprises a preamble including a miming-time-dependent code generated according to a predetermined algorithm (220); the base station is adapted for comparing the code with a reference code generated by the base station according to the algorithm (260), authorizing the RFC in response to coincidence of the running-time-dependent codes generated by the base station and the mobile (270).

Abstract: A signal acquisition system efficiently acquires a transmitted signal even at very low power. The system may synchronize to a preamble structure in the transmitted signal and, for example, determine timing parameters that locate the preamble with respect to system timing or other clock references. The system is particularly effective at acquiring weak power signals and is also robust against significant noise and other impairments, and therefore improves the ability of a receiving device that incorporates the signal acquisition system to acquire the signal and establish communication with other devices.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for cognitive radio spectrum sensing via Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) receiver coding. A CDMA module in the front-end of a cognitive radio system may be used to sense spectrum. When the system is not decoding or transmitting signals, a modified CDMA receiver coding may replace a pseudorandom code used in decoding with relatively pure, non-random detection frequency to scan for energy from primary users of the spectrum. Multiplication of the received signal by spectrally pure codes in place of the CDMA code renders the CDMA processor effectively a scanning spectrum analyzer and may detect energy at multiple frequencies. The allocation of sub-bands and/or timing may be adjusted to account for the detected energy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating an alternative parallel wireless link communication in addition to wireless signals for a vehicle network. Embodiments of the present invention provide a spread spectrum transmission module that transmits a spread spectrum signal to a wayside equipment module in which such spread spectrum signal is reflected and communicated to a transmission module through an uplink communication. The uplink communication includes a first signal received from the wayside equipment module and the spread spectrum signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide telecommunications methods that facilitate sharing of spreading codes. According to one of the embodiments, a first telecommunications apparatus first selects a plurality of second telecommunications apparatuses to share at least one spreading code. Then, the first telecommunications apparatus uses each of the at least one spreading code to perform spreading operations for the second telecommunications apparatuses by turns repetitively.

Abstract: A method for transmitting information data by using a Reed-Muller coding scheme in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method includes the steps of configuring a number of resource elements for transmitting the information data; dividing the information data to first information data and second information data if a bit size O of the information data is equal to or larger than a predetermined number; applying RM coding on each of the first information data and the second information data; concatenating the coded first information data and the coded second information data, and transmitting the concatenated data by using the predetermined number of resource elements, wherein a minimum value Q?min for the number of resource elements is defined by a sum of a minimum value Q?min—1 for the number of resource elements corresponding to the first information data and a minimum value Q?min—2 for the number of resource elements corresponding to the second information data.

Abstract: A receiving system dynamically searches the communications band for transmissions of messages having the same nominal communications parameters, including the use of the same spreading code, but having potentially different specific frequencies and code-phases. The receiver, which is independent of the transmitters, samples the communications band at each code-phase of the spreading code over a span of downconverted transmission frequencies. When a message element is detected at a particular code-phase and frequency, it is forwarded to a demodulator that demodulates the message and sends it to its intended destination. In a preferred embodiment, a progressive Fourier Transform is used to incrementally determine the power level at each successive code-phase at a given frequency, thereby substantially reducing the time required to search for transmissions at each discrete code-phase.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses, including computer programs encoded on computer-readable media, for receiving monitor data from a lighting equipment monitor. A data stream is created based upon the monitor data. A first signal strength of a signal from the access point received at a first antenna is measured. A second signal strength of the signal from the access point received at a second antenna is measured. One or more antennae are selected to transmit the spread data stream based upon the first signal strength and the second signal strength. The data stream is transmitted using the one or more selected antennae.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a system for sharing a subchannel are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining downlink state information and uplink state information of a subchannel; and scheduling the subchannel according to the downlink state information and uplink state information of the subchannel, and allocating the subchannel to an uplink Mobile Station (MS) and/or a downlink MS. The method improves efficiency and flexibility of sharing subchannels, and therefore improves overall traffic significantly.

Abstract: A high data rate UWB system implements a frame structure that uses a connected set of m-sequences comprising the lowest possible cross-correlation and perfect, or near perfect autocorrelation. Each m-sequence can be used to identify a different piconet A very efficient code matched filter can then be used to decode the frames and achieve synchronization with a piconets.

Abstract: A system and machine-implemented method are described for performing precoding interpolation in a DIDO system which employs orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and DIDO precoding to communicate with a plurality of distributed-input-distributed-output (DIDO) clients. For example, a system according to one embodiment of the invention comprises: selecting a first subset of ODFM tones to determine a first subset of precoding weights; deriving a second subset of precoding weights for a second subset of ODFM tones by interpolating between the first subset of precoding weights; and using a combination of the first subset of precoding weights and the second subset of precoding weights to precode a data stream prior to transmitting the data stream to a DIDO client.

Abstract: A spread spectrum clock signal generator and an accompanying method provide a spread spectrum clock signal of a reduced electromagnetic interference. The spread spectrum clock signal generator includes (a) a state machine, which maintains a current state of the spread spectrum clock signal generator, receives as input value a next state of the spread spectrum clock signal generator and generates a clock phase selection signal based on the current and next states; (b) a random number generator for generating the next state; and (c) a waveform generation circuit for generating a spread spectrum clock signal based on the clock phase selection signal.

Abstract: A method for performing delay locked looping upon a received signal which reduces the asymmetry of auto-correlation function resulting from sampling is provided. The received signal is a spread spectrum code signal, and the method includes: generating a plurality of replica spread spectrum code signals according to an estimated code phase delay and phase spacing, the replica spread spectrum code signals having phases respectively different from the phase of the received signal; calculating a spread spectrum code error statistics signal according to the replica spread spectrum code signals and the received signal; and adjusting the estimated code phase delay according to the spread spectrum code error statistics signal and a phase difference between a sampled point of at least one replica spread spectrum code signal and a corresponding signal transition point.

Abstract: In a communication system adapted to MIMO transmission, a receiver may include a filter to filter signals received from a transmitter through the receiver antennas and having a weight matrix thereof updated by an adaptive algorithm with respect to each substream message symbol from the transmitter, and a code generator to feed back a part of the weight matrix updated by the filter, as an updated STF code, to the transmitter. The transmitter may make the transmission using the updated STF code which is optimized for a current channel state.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention disclose an apparatus for transmitting multi-ary error-correcting codes, an apparatus for receiving multi-ary error-correcting codes, a data transmission system, and relevant methods to simplify operations. The apparatus for transmitting multi-ary error-correcting codes includes: a multi-ary channel encoder, adapted to perform multi-ary coding for source data frames of a user to obtain encoded sequences; a symbol mapper, adapted to perform symbol mapping for the encoded sequences to obtain symbol sequences; and a spreading and interleaving unit, adapted to spread and interleave the symbol sequences. Moreover, a corresponding apparatus for receiving multi-ary error-correcting codes, a data transmission system, and relevant methods are provided.

Abstract: An enhanced spread-spectrum uplink technique provides more efficient packet transfer in a wireless network. A mobile station requests to utilize an uplink channel, typically, a physical dedicated channel. If the network will grant access, a base station sends back a channel-request-granted message, which specifies a transmission start time and length. The base station starts related downlink transmissions at the start time, and at a time thereafter, the mobile station starts sending packet data over the uplink physical dedicated channel. After a transmission of no more that the specified length, the mobile station ceases its uplink transmission on the dedicated channel, and the base station and/or the mobile station can immediately release one or more channel resources. The grant message and/or the subsequent signaling communications from the base station may also specify a modulation scheme and a channelization code for the uplink channel.

Abstract: A method for wireless positioning includes: receiving by a plurality of controllers using wideband receivers a wideband positioning frame from one or more devices and transmitting using narrow band transmitters acknowledgement frames including timing and control data for use by the one or more devices to establish timing for transmission of the positioning frame; and transmitting using a wideband transmitter by at least one of the devices the positioning frame to the plurality of controllers and receiving using a narrow band receiver the acknowledgement frame from one or more of the plurality of controllers, extracting timing and control information from the acknowledgement frame, and adjusting a timing and synchronization of the wideband transmitter using the timing and control information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for further reducing cyclostationarity and correspondingly energy density in a chaotic spread spectrum data communication channel, by digitally generating a first chaotic sequence of values to form a spreading code. The spreading code is then used to form a digital IF spread spectrum signal having a uniform sampling interval. The digital IF spread spectrum signal is converted to a sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal at a conversion rate substantially equal to the uniform sampling interval. The duration of the sampling interval is then selectively varied in accordance with a first pseudo-random sequence, thereby introducing a known dither in the analog IF spread spectrum signal. After introducing the known dither, the analog IF spread spectrum signal is upconverted to an analog RF spread spectrum signal. The first pseudo-random sequences may be designed to be a chaotic sequence.

Abstract: A ship based cellular and satellite transceiver receives, demodulates and processes data, voice and video signals from a satellite transmitter and provides the processed signals in cascade to a OFDM and to a CDMA modulator and transmitter for transmission to a ship based mobile unit. The OFDM signal is transmitted in a Wi-Fi network and the CDMA signal is transmitted in frequency bands used by cellular phones and cellular connected devices. The ship based transceiver receives from a mobile unit, e.g. from a cellular phone or a computer an OFDM or a CDMA signal generated and transmitted by the mobile unit and receives, demodulates and processes the cellular phone transmitted signal and provides these processed signals for cascade processing, modulation and transmission to a satellite.

Abstract: An IMES transmitter has a control unit, a non-volatile memory to record a transmitter number of the IMES transmitter, and a data I/F. When registration data Dset associating the transmitter number with position information is input from the data I/F, the control unit records the position information included in the registration data Dset if the registration data Dset includes the transmitter number of the IMES transmitter, and transmits the registration data Dset from a transmitting unit if the registration data Dset includes the transmitter number of another position information transmission device. The device registers various information such as position information on plural position information transmission devices without requiring complicated equipments.

Abstract: A method for communicating comprises generating at least one spreading code from a preferred Golay generator and/or a preferred generalized Golay generator. The preferred generalized Golay generator may comprise a plurality of preferred Golay generators. The outputs of the preferred Golay generator are logic 0 and 1. Each stage of the preferred Golay generator may comprise a single basic storage unit, such as a Flip-Flop. Generalized Golay codes comprise pseudo-complementary sequences having code lengths that differ from Golay complementary sequences and are characterized by low autocorrelation sidelobes relative to the autocorrelation peak.

Abstract: A method and apparatus processes a plurality of analog signals in a transceiver with multiple receive (Rx) antennas in a wireless communication system. By appropriate combining of the analog signals of each Rx antenna, this scheme allows a reduction in the number of the front end components, for example, filters, mixers and Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) devices. Subsequently, the signals are separated digitally by virtue of their unique code. The benefits associated with this scheme are at least threefold: reduced cost, area, and power consumption of a multiple antenna terminal. Additionally, proper parameter settings increase signal to Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR) at the ADC output.

Abstract: A method can be used for facilitating an uplink synchronization between a first transceiver and a second transceiver within a cell in a multi-user cellular communication system. The first transceiver receives a reference from the second transceiver and generates a set of signature sequences based on the reference. The first transceiver selects a first signature sequence from the set of signature sequences and incorporates the first signature sequence into a signal. The first transceiver transmits the signal to the second transceiver. The signal is used for a uplink synchronization between the first transceiver and the second transceiver. The set of signature sequences are generated from sequences with zero-correlation zone.

Abstract: A transmitter has a portion that sets a parameter about the transmitter itself based on a parameter made to correspond to a condition for selecting a receiver with which the transmitter communicate with, a portion that generates a spread code based on the set parameter, and a sending portion that spreads transmit-data to form a spread signal by the generated spread code, and that sends the spread signal. The receiver has a portion that receives the signal transmitted by the transmitter, a portion that sets a parameter about the receiver itself based on the parameter made to correspond to the condition, a portion that generates a despread code based on the set parameter, a portion that performs a correlation computation of the received signal and the generated despread code, and a portion that selects a transmitter with which the receiver communicates, based on a result of the correlation computation.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for removing quadrature imbalance errors in received data. The method accepts an unbiased training sequence in a quadrature demodulation receiver. An unbiased training sequence has a uniform accumulated power evenly distributed in a complex plane, and includes predetermined reference signals (p) at frequency +f and predetermined mirror signals (pm) at frequency ?f. The unbiased training sequence is processed, generating a sequence of processed symbols (y) at frequency +f, representing complex plane information in the unbiased training sequence. Each processed symbol (y) is multiplied by the mirror signal (pm), and an unbiased quadrature imbalance estimate Bm is obtained at frequency (?f). Using quadrature imbalance estimates, channel estimates, and processed symbols, an imbalance-corrected symbol can be generated.

Abstract: Provided is a radio communication mobile station device which can reduce the number of blind decoding processes at a mobile station without increasing the overhead by report information. The device includes: a judgment unit (210) which judges a particular PUCCH to which a response signal corresponding to the downstream line data is to be allocated among a plurality of PUCCH, according to a CCE occupied by PDCCH allocated to a particular search space corresponding to a CCE aggregation size of the PDCCH to which allocation information destined to the local station is allocated among search spaces changing in accordance with the CFI value; and a control unit (211) which controls a cyclic shift amount of a ZAC sequence of the response signal and a block-wise spread code sequence according to a correspondence between CCE occupied by PDCCH allocated to a particular search space and a particular PUCCH resource, the correspondence changing in accordance with the CFI value.

Abstract: An RFID transponder (1) comprises a demodulator (3) for demodulating received phase modulated carrier signals (CSQ), converting them down to a modulated baseband signal (MS) and filtering the converted signal. Sampling means (7) sample the filtered signal (FS) and store an actual sampling value (S(t0)) and a previous sampling value (S(t1)) of the filtered signal (FS). Subtracting means (8) calculate a difference (DS) between the actual sample value (S(t0)) and the previous sample value (S(t1)). Difference evaluation means (9) evaluate the difference (DS) according to the following criteria: a. if the difference is positive and outside of a predefined zero range (ZR) a first logical value is determined; b. if the difference is negative and outside of the zero range a second logical value is determined; c. if the difference is within the zero range the logical value of the latest evaluation is kept.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus receives control information on one or more control channel elements (CCEs) with consecutive CCE number(s). The radio communication apparatus first-spreads a response signal with a sequence defined by a cyclic shift value that is determined among a plurality of cyclic shift values from an index of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), which is associated with a first CCE number of the one or more CCEs, and second-spreads the first-spread response signal with an orthogonal sequence that is determined among a plurality of orthogonal sequences from the index. One of cyclic shift values used for an orthogonal sequence is determined from an index of the PUCCH, which is associated with an odd CCE number, and another one of the cyclic shift values used for the same orthogonal sequence is determined from an index of the PUCCH, which is associated with an even CCE number.

Abstract: An orthogonal complex spreading method for a multichannel and an apparatus thereof are disclosed. The method includes the steps of complex-summing ?n1WM,n1Xn1 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence WM,n1 by a first data Xn1 of a n-th block and ?n2WM,n2Xn2 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence W1,n2 by a second data Xn2 of a n-th block; complex-multiplying ?n1WM,n1Xn1+j?n2WM,n2Xn2 which is summed in the complex type and WM,n3+jPWM,n4 of the complex type using a complex multiplier and outputting as an in-phase information and quadrature phase information; and summing only in-phase information outputted from a plurality of blocks and only quadrature phase information outputted therefrom and spreading the same using a spreading code.

Abstract: An orthogonal complex spreading method for a multichannel and an apparatus thereof are disclosed. The method includes the steps of complex-summing ?n1WM,n1Xn1 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence WM,n1 by a first data Xn1 of a n-th block and ?n2WM,n2Xn2 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence W1,n2 by a second data Xn2 of a n-th block; complex-multiplying ?n1WM,n1Xn1+j?n2WM,n2Xn2 which is summed in the complex type and WM,n3+jPWM,n4 of the complex type using a complex multiplier and outputting as an in-phase information and quadrature phase information; and summing only in-phase information outputted from a plurality of blocks and only quadrature phase information outputted therefrom and spreading the same using a spreading code.