Abstract: A system for communicating a sequence of information symbols using a chaotic sequence spread spectrum signal. The system includes a transmitter (402) for transmitting a signal including the information symbols, the information symbols encoded into the signal using a first chaotic sequence of chips generated at the transmitter. The system also includes a receiver (404) configure to receive the signal and extract the information symbols from the signal, the information symbols extracted using a second chaotic sequence of chips generated at the receiver. In the system, the first and the second chaotic sequences are identical and synchronized in time and frequency, each of the sequence of symbols is associated with a randomly generated threshold symbol energy value, and the portion of chips in the first and the second chaotic sequences associated with each of the plurality of information symbols is selected based on the associated threshold symbol energy value.

Abstract: A base station apparatus transmits control information to a radio communication apparatus on one or more control channel elements (CCEs) with consecutive CCE number(s) and receive a response signal from the radio communication apparatus. The response signal is spread with a sequence defined by a cyclic shift value that is determined among multiple cyclic shift values from an index of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), which is associated with a first CCE number of aforementioned one or more CCEs, and with an orthogonal sequence that is determined among multiple orthogonal sequences from the index. One of cyclic shift values used for an orthogonal sequence is determined from an index of the PUCCH, which is associated with an odd CCE number and another one of the cyclic shift values used for the same orthogonal sequence is determined from an index of the PUCCH, which is associated with an even CCE number.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatuses and systems for providing communications based on time reversal of a channel impulse response of a pulse in a transmission channel between a transmitter and a receiver to enhance reception and detection of a pulse at the receiver against various effects that can adversely affect and complicate the reception and detection of the pulse at the receiver.

Abstract: A method for operating an integrated transceiver, comprising coupling an operating transmitter and an operating receiver within the integrated wideband receiver, inputting a signal into the operating transmitter, performing a first conversion of the signal, wherein the signal is converted into a second signal, transmitting the second signal into the operating receiver, performing a second conversion of the signal, wherein the signal is converted into a third signal, transmitting the third signal into the operating transmitter, and adjusting the operating transmitter.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for identifying through traffic, entry into and exit from a predefined area are ascertained and the transit time is used to determine whether unauthorized transit through the area has occurred.

Abstract: A code converting apparatus is designed to estimate the incoming time and the like of a signal modulated by a spreading sequence composed of m elements in a set A having n kinds of symbols as elements accurately. A symbol sequence memory section 102 stores a converted sequence of symbols obtained by concatenating consecutive 2d symbols at the center of each sequence pattern pi composed of 4d elements in the set A. The converted sequence of symbols is structured so that d symbol immediately preceding the 2d symbols and d symbol immediately following the 2d symbols are identical to d symbol immediately preceding corresponding 2d symbols and d symbol immediately following the corresponding 2d symbols of a corresponding sequence pattern. A symbol sequence specifying section 103 specifies a matching sequence pattern for every consecutive 2d symbols in a symbol sequence obtained by assigning a symbol to the signal in a coding cycle of the spreading sequence.

Abstract: An RF transceiver apparatus comprises transmitter circuitry arranged to convert signals from a baseband frequency to RF transmission frequencies and receiver circuitry arranged to convert signals from RF reception frequencies to the baseband frequency. The transmitter and receiver circuitry each comprise three mixers arranged to convert a signals between the baseband frequency, a first intermediate frequency; a second intermediate frequency that is higher than the transmission frequencies; and a second intermediate frequency to the transmission frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for communicating in a wireless network are described herein. In an aspect, a method of transmitting a data unit includes generating a data unit. The data unit includes one or more short training field (STF) sequences. The method further includes encoding each of the STF sequences with a pseudo-random spreading code. The code is based on an addressee of the data unit. The method further includes transmitting, at a transmitter, the data unit over a wireless channel. In another aspect, a method of processing a data unit includes receiving, at a receiver, a data unit. The data unit includes one or more STF sequences. The method further includes determining whether the data unit comprises one or more differentially encoded symbols. The method further includes receiving one or more long training field (LTF) sequences when the data unit does not comprise one or more differentially encoded symbols.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for constant amplitude encoding of a transmission signal in a CDM (Code Division Multiplexing) communication system. The apparatus for constant amplitude encoding of a transmission signal includes: an encoding module sequentially performing horizontal encoding and vertical encoding on an input signal; and a spreading and multiplexing module spreading the signal which has been encoded by the encoding module and multiplexing the spread signal in a vertical direction to output a data stream having a constant amplitude.

Abstract: A communication system, including a transmitter that transmits a signal by using a two-dimensional spread code used for making a spread in time and frequency directions and a receiver that receives the signal transmitted from the transmitter, where the transmitter includes a selecting unit that selects spread codes in which at least one of the time and the frequency directions are mutually orthogonal, and a transmitting unit that spreads a signal by using the selected spread codes and transmits the signal, where each of the selected spread codes are able to be split in two or more parts, which are mutually orthogonal with the same parts of other selected spread codes in at least one of the time and the frequency directions.

Abstract: A receiver having Automatic Frequency Control (“AFC”) is described having at least one input signal terminal and an offset frequency estimation means for estimating each offset frequency of at least two predetermined input signals inputted at the same time at the input signal terminal. The access to the receiver of each input signal is respectively modulated and identified by a distinct code, and in addition an AFC means is included to perform automatic frequency control of a voltage control oscillator serving as a frequency reference of the receiver. The AFC means described in the present invention is operative to provide a unique compensation command defined as a function of a combination of at least two analytical terms, each term respectively depending on the estimated offset frequency of the corresponding input signal.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed for transmitting and receiving schemes for multiuser single-carrier space time spreading (STS) with frequency domain equalization.

Abstract: Provided are a human body communication apparatus for non-contact communications using a frequency-selective baseband and a human body communication method for non-contact communications in the same. The human body communication apparatus may be useful to perform stable communications between users by reducing interference induced from other communication apparatuses without affecting interference between the users since data are transmitted/received between communication apparatuses adjacent to a human body by spreading and despreading the data using only spreading codes of a limited frequency band (frequency-selective baseband) in which an inductive electromagnetic field formed by an antenna shows the most effective characteristics.

Abstract: A method can include receiving, at a transmitter, during a symbol time that comprises a plurality of chip times, a data value for each of a plurality of distinct data channel inputs. During each chip time, the method can include (a) indexing a different row of a matrix of data bits; (b) decoding one channel input using a first subset of one or more columns of the indexed row; (c) determining a code value for the decoded one channel from a second subset of one or more columns of the indexed row; and (d) providing the coded data value to a transmission circuit for transmission to a receiver. Actions (a) to (d) can be performed for each of the plurality of chip times in the symbol time. In some implementations, the matrix of data bits is a Hadamard matrix with randomly shuffled rows.

Abstract: A system for distributing a radio frequency (RF) signal using a data cable system includes a method and apparatus with components that receive the RF signal, determine the passband of the data cable system, spread the RF signal within the passband as a spread signal, insert the spread signal into the cable system, extract the spread signal from the data cable system as an extracted signal, convert the extracted signal to a transmission frequency as a converted signal, and transmit the converted signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for decoding codewords received over a MIMO channel are provided. According to one aspect of the disclosure, a cost function is computed for each constellation point of an Mth rank or spatial layer, and Ncand of those constellation points having minimum cost are preserved as candidate points, where Ncand is a parameter specified to the decoding algorithm. In addition, a cost function may be computed for all possible transitions from the Ncand candidate points of the Mth rank to all possible constellation points of the (M?1)th spatial layer, and Ncand of those transitions having minimum cost are preserved as candidate points. The process is repeated for all spatial layers, resulting in the identification of Ncand candidate codewords and their associated cost functions.

Abstract: Synchronization of a primary link which transitions between clear mode and spread mode is achieved and maintained using a secondary link. When transitioning from clear mode to spread mode, a primary transmission delta phase is adjusted by the difference between a secondary reception delta phase and the primary transmission delta phase; and a primary reception delta phase is adjusted to be equal to a secondary transmission delta phase.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation signal generators, which generate a first OFDM modulation signal and a second OFDM modulation signal. The transmission apparatus also includes a transmitter that transmits the first OFDM modulation signal from a first antenna and the second OFDM modulation signal from a second antenna, in an identical frequency band.

Abstract: A reception device which communicates with a transmission device including multiple transmission antennas, the reception device including: at least one reception antenna which receives multiple transmission signals transmitted by the transmission device from the multiple transmission antennas; a propagation channel response estimation unit which estimates propagation channel responses among the multiple transmission antennas and the reception antenna; a block division unit which divides a reception signal of at least one of the reception antennas into multiple blocks based on a multipath; and a transmission signal detection unit which detects the transmission signals transmitted by the transmission device based on the reception signal divided by the block division unit into the multiple blocks and the propagation channel responses estimated by the propagation channel response estimation unit. The transmission signal detection unit includes: an interference cancellation unit and a signal separation unit.

Abstract: A display apparatus transmits a picture acquisition request for getting picture information to an external image apparatus connected through a predetermined interface to the display apparatus from the external image apparatus at predetermined intervals and gets a plurality of pieces of picture information from the external image apparatus to be displayed. The plurality of pictures may be switched at predetermined intervals, for example, to be displayed, so that the plurality of pictures may be displayed in a so-called slide show manner. A plurality of pictures for thumbnail may be produced from the plurality of pieces of picture information and be arranged together to be displayed in one picture screen of a display device.

Abstract: A multi-carrier linear equalization receiver, e.g., a RAKE receiver or chip equalization receiver, is described herein. The multi-carrier receiver distributes processing delays among a plurality of received carriers based on a comparison between the signal-to-interference ratios (SIRs) determined for each carrier. The receiver initially allocates a minimum number of processing delays to each carrier. In one embodiment, any remaining additional processing delays are distributed evenly between the carriers when a comparison between the largest and smallest SIR is less than or equal to a threshold. In another embodiment, the remaining additional processing delays are distributed to favor the carrier(s) with the strongest SIR(s) when the comparison between the largest and smallest SIR exceeds the threshold.

Abstract: A transmitting/receiving installation of microwave radio signals including a transmitting/receiving unit. The unit includes a receiving module to receive electrical signals, known as terrestrial electrical signals, issued from the transformation of radio signals received terrestrially, a module to transform the electrical signals modulated according to a spread spectrum protocol, known as satellite electrical signals, into radio signals able to be transmitted by satellite, a transmitter to transmit to a satellite of the microwave radio signals obtained after transformation of the satellite electrical signals and an amplifier to amplify the satellite electrical signals. The installation includes a box including a modulator of electrical signals according to a spread spectrum protocol and a coaxial cable connecting the transmitting/receiving unit and the box.

Abstract: A reference signal cyclic shift (CS) is quantized as a combination of a cell specific CS with an outcome of a pseudo-random hopping, and an indication of the cell specific CS is broadcast in the cell. In one embodiment the CS is quantized as a modulo operation on a sum of the cell specific CS, the outcome of the pseudo-random hopping, and a user specific CS, in which case an indication of the user specific CS is sent in an uplink resource allocation and a user sends its cyclically shifted reference signal in the uplink resource allocated by the uplink resource allocation. The CS may also be quantized according to length of the reference signal as cyclic_shift_symbol=(cyclic_shift_value*length of the reference signal)/12; where cyclic_shift_value is between zero and eleven and cyclic_shift_symbol is the amount of CS given in reference signal symbols.

Abstract: A cyclic shift of a reference signal is quantized as a combination of a cell specific cyclic shift with an outcome of a pseudo-random hopping, and an indication of the cell specific cyclic shift is broadcast in the cell. In one embodiment the cyclic shift is quantized as a modulo operation on a sum of the cell specific cyclic shift, the outcome of the pseudo-random hopping, and a user specific cyclic shift, in which case an indication of the user specific cyclic shift is sent in an uplink resource allocation and a user sends its cyclically shifted reference signal in the uplink resource allocated by the uplink resource allocation. The cyclic shift may also be quantized according to length of the reference signal as cyclic_shift_symbol=(cyclic_shift_value*length of the reference signal)/12; where cyclic_shift_value is between zero and eleven and cyclic_shift_symbol is the amount of cyclic shift given in reference signal symbols.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for transmitting a multicarrier spread-spectrum signal formed by a temporal succession of multicarrier symbols, using OQAM modulation and a plurality of inter-orthogonal spreading codes. The method includes spreading at least one complex-value data symbol, representative of a source data signal to be transmitted, over a set of sub-carriers of at least one multicarrier symbol, each of the sub-carriers modulating a complex value.

Abstract: A single chip diversity beamforming antenna array processor is disclosed. The processor utilizes low-power and low area circuits to achieve combining gain mitigate the effects of multipath fading, provide spatial suppression, and provide diversity gain to a single input receiver. The device is radiofrequency transparent yet provides antenna gain by selective three G and four G code acquisition and tracking of a desired downlink channel.

Abstract: In a signal processing apparatus a synchronizer acquires synchronization with the spreading code of an intermediate frequency signal converted from a signal received from a satellite in a global positioning system. A demodulator then demodulates a message contained in the intermediate frequency signal. A measuring unit outputs a primary signal to a predetermined signal line, the primary signal expressing positioning results for the apparatus as measured on the basis of the demodulated message. A secondary signal output unit attaches a predetermined header to a secondary signal and outputs the result to the predetermined signal line, the secondary signal containing at least the intermediate frequency signal, or a signal generated from the intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: Systems (100) and methods (400) for selectively controlling access to multiple data streams which are communicated using a shared frequency spectrum and shared spreading codes. The methods involve generating a first product signal (FPS) by spreading first symbols of a first amplitude modulated (AM) signal using a first spreading code (SC). The methods also involve generating a second product signal (SPS) by spreading second symbols of a complimentary AM signal using a second SC. The FPS (124) and SPS 126 are combined to form a protected data communication signal (PDCS) including first data recoverable by a receiver (106). A global data communication signal (GDCS) is combined with PDCS (128) to form an output signal (140) having a spread spectrum format. The GDCS is generated using a digital modulation process and includes second data recoverable by a plurality of receivers (106, 108).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for further reducing cyclostationarity and correspondingly energy density in a chaotic spread spectrum data communication channel, by digitally generating a first chaotic sequence of values to form a spreading code. The spreading code is then used to form a digital IF spread spectrum signal having a uniform sampling interval. The digital IF spread spectrum signal is converted to a sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal at a conversion rate substantially equal to the uniform sampling interval. The duration of the sampling interval is then selectively varied in accordance with a first pseudo-random sequence, thereby introducing a known dither in the analog IF spread spectrum signal. After introducing the known dither, the analog IF spread spectrum signal is upconverted to an analog RF spread spectrum signal. The first pseudo-random sequences may be designed to be a chaotic sequence.

Abstract: In one aspect of a multiple-access OFDM-CDMA system, the data spreading is performed in the frequency domain by spreading each data stream with a respective spreading code selected from a set of available spreading codes. To support multiple access, system resources may be allocated and de-allocated to users (e.g., spreading codes may be assigned to users as needed, and transmit power may be allocated to users). Variable rate data for each user may be supported via a combination of spreading adjustment and transmit power scaling. Interference control techniques are also provided to improve system performance via power control of the downlink and/or uplink transmissions to achieve the desired level of performance while minimizing interference. A pilot may be transmitted by each transmitter unit to assist the receiver units perform acquisition, timing synchronization, carrier recovery, handoff, channel estimation, coherent data demodulation, and so on.

Abstract: The invention concerns a chaotic communications system, method and apparatus having a transmitter configured to spread an input data signal over a wide intermediate frequency band, by digitally generating a first chaotic sequence of values to form a spreading code. The spreading code is then used to form a digital IF chaotic spread spectrum signal having a uniform sampling interval. The duration of the sampling interval is then selectively varied in accordance with a first pseudo-random sequence, thereby introducing a known dither in the digital IF chaotic spread spectrum signal. After introducing the known dither, the digital IF chaotic spread spectrum signal is converted to an analog RF spread spectrum signal at a conversion rate that exceeds the sampling interval of the chaotic spread spectrum signal. A corresponding receiver recovers the input data from the spread transmitted signal. This spreading may utilize a chaotic sequence employing discrete time chaos dithering.

Abstract: A method and system for dynamic information exchange on mesh network devices. Mobile location aware mesh network devices automatically exchange information with other mobile location aware devices that are located at a pre-determined distance of each other at a desired physical location. A server network device compares electronic profiles that include stated interests of the mobile location aware devices. The server network device also provides additional information to the mobile location aware mesh network devices based on stated interests in the electronic profiles of the mobile location aware network devices.

Abstract: A system and method for generating a spread spectrum clock signal with a constant ppm offset as a function of a repetition number. A phase interpolator can be configured in association with of a phase-locked loop circuit in order to provide a phase movement from a bit clock generated by the PLL circuit. A repetition number divider computes the repetition number for each time slot in a piece-wise SSC modulation profile. A noise shaping modulator can be employed for modulating a fractional part associated with the repetition number. A repetition counter and a phase accumulator receives an integer part of the repetition number and counts unit interval clock periods equal to a sum of integer and the sigma-delta modulated fractional parts of the repetition number. The phase accumulator can be incremented and/or decremented based on the sign of the spread spectrum direction.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the method may comprise receiving a plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals from a plurality of transmit antennas at a base station. A plurality of vectors of baseband combined channel estimates may be generated based on phase rotation of the received plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals. A plurality of pre-equalization weights may be generated based on the generated plurality of vectors of baseband combined channel estimates. The received plurality of spatially multiplexed communication signals may be modified based on the generated plurality of pre-equalization weights. At least a portion of the generated plurality of pre-equalization weights may be fed back to the base station for modifying subsequently transmitted spatially multiplexed communication signals which are transmitted from at least a portion of the plurality of transmit antennas at the base station.

Abstract: A radio communication device in which the waste of physical resources involved in the repetition transmission of a response signal can be minimized with no restriction on the scheduling of a base station imposed or with the restriction on the scheduling thereof minimized. In this device, a control unit (209) selects the ZAC sequence of the cyclic shift amount corresponding to a PUCCH number inputted from a determination section (208) from among ZAC#0 to ZAC#11 to set it to a spreading section (215) and selects the block-wise spreading code sequence corresponding to the PUCCH number inputted from the determination section (208) from BW#0 to BW#2 to set it to a spreading section (218). More specifically, the control unit (209) selects any of the resources defined by the ZAC#0 to ZAC#11 and the BW#0 to BW#2. As a result, the more the number of transmissions of the response signal, the less the number of resources the control unit (209) can select.

Abstract: Information is modulated onto frequency components of a signal. The resulting modulated signal includes at least some redundancy in frequency enabling a portion of the information modulated onto selected frequency components to be recovered from fewer than all of the selected frequency components. Controlling the spectrum of the modulated signal includes enabling the amplitude of at least some frequency components of the modulated signal to be set below a predetermined amplitude used for modulating the information.

Abstract: A Point-to-Point communication system includes (i) a millimeter-wave channel having a substantially flat channel transfer function between a first frequency of millimeter-waves and a second frequency of millimeter-waves, the two frequencies are separated by at least 500 MHz, (ii) a transmission system configured to transmit an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz over the millimeter-wave channel as a millimeter-wave signal located between the first frequency and the second frequency, and (iii) a reception system comprising a radio receiver having a substantially non-flat reception transfer function over the bandwidth of the OFDM signal, configured to receive the millimeter-wave signal via the millimeter-wave channel and down-convert the millimeter-wave signal into a reconstruction of the OFDM signal having a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz, and an OFDM de-modulator configured to compensate for the substantially non-flat reception transfer function, by d

Abstract: A method and system for beamforming communication in high throughput wireless communications. Analog beamforming involves constructing analog beamforming coefficients for beamforming communication on a wireless channel. Constructing analog beamforming coefficients includes selecting a signal tap from a multi-tap wireless channel for beamforming communication, wherein the selected signal tap has a higher signal quality relative to other signals taps, and determining beamforming coefficients for the selected tap by iterative acquisition of the coefficients based on power iteration.

Abstract: A MIMO pre-coding system for a delta quantizer for MIMO pre-coders with finite rate channel state information feedback may include quantizing a change in channel state information in a MIMO pre-coding system onto a codebook, which comprises one or more unitary matrices, using a cost function. The codebook may be generated based on at least the channel state information. The channel state information may comprise a matrix V and the cost function f(A) may be defined by the following relationship: f ? ( A ) = ( 1 N ? ? j = 1 N ? ? a jj ? 2 ) where A is a matrix of size N by N and aij is element (i,j) of matrix A. One or more unitary matrices may be generated from at least a first set of matrices and a second set of matrices, where the first set of matrices may comprise one or more Givens matrices. A dynamic range and a resolution of the codebook may be modified.

Abstract: An apparatus for enabling a base station to transmit radio frequency signals with a transmit diversity technique comprises a first antenna implemented in the base station; and a second antenna implemented in the base station, and placed apart from the first antenna by a predetermined distance. The first antenna utilizes a first frequency band of a predetermined frequency spectrum for transmitting signals, and the second antenna utilizes a second frequency band of the predetermined frequency spectrum for transmitting signals. The first and second frequency bands do not overlap.

Abstract: Methods for code-division multiplex communications. The methods involve generating orthogonal or statistically orthogonal chaotic spreading codes (CSC1, . . . , CSCK) using different sets of polynomial equations (f0(x(nT)), . . . , fN-1(x(nT))), different constant values (C0, C1, . . . , CN-1) for the polynomial equations, or different sets of relatively prime numbers (p0, p1, . . . , pN-1) as modulus (m0, m1, . . . , mN-1) in solving the polynomial equations. The methods also involve forming spread spectrum communications signals using the orthogonal or statistically orthogonal chaotic spreading codes, respectively. The method further involve concurrently transmitting the spread spectrum communications signals over a common RF frequency band.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a control signal in a wireless communication system includes allocating a first sequence to spread a first control signal in a radio resource, allocating a second sequence to spread a second control signal in the radio resource, selecting one of the first control signal and the second control signal, generating a spread control signal by spreading the selected control signal, and transmitting the spread control signal in the radio resource, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence use different cyclic shifts of a base sequence.

Abstract: A method for detecting signals based on despreading and a signal transmitting method for the same are provided. Signals are spread according to the size of at least one spreading band, which is determined in consideration of a correlation degree of a frequency band in a communication system. A reception side which receives the signals detects the signals after de-spreading with respect to signals which are spread in a frequency band having a correlation degree equal to or greater than a predetermined level as a spreading band, among the reception signals. Thus, the dimension of the detected signals can be decreased.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to method, device and system for selecting a device for communication in a communication system. A node receives a spread signal from a first transmitter and a second transmitter. The node despreads the spread signal with a first spreading code into a first frame and determines a first receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) from the first frame. The node despreads the spread signal with a second spreading code into a second frame and determines a second RSSI from the second frame. The node selects an access point based in part on the first RSSI and the second RSSI. The node transmits an uplink signal to the access point based on a slot start time and a random timing offset. The node transmits while a portion of a second signal is transmitted from a second node such that both the uplink signal and the second signal are received.

Abstract: In an electronic system, a frequency modulator manages clock signals for electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction. The illustrative frequency modulator comprises a core oscillator, and a clock divider coupled to the core oscillator that modulates frequency of the core oscillator and deterministically spreads clock spectral components of a digital clock signal whereby electromagnetic interference (EMI) is reduced. The frequency modulator further comprises a circuit coupled to the clock divider that receives the digital clock signal, combines the digital clock signal with a data bitstream for transmission across an isolation barrier, and resynchronizes to the digital clock signal.

Abstract: An active radio frequency identification (RFID) apparatus having an additional transmitter in addition to a single transmitter is provided. The active RFID apparatus includes a first transmitter including a first pseudo noise (PN) code generator to generate a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) introduced by ISO/IEC (International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission) 24730-2 or ISO/IEC 18185-5 type B; and a second transmitter including a second PN code generator to perform an AND operation on an initial value and a fed back value and shift the resultant value of the AND operation, to perform an XOR operation on particular bits from among the shifted bits and to perform an XOR operation again on the shifted bits and the resulting value of the XOR operation to finally generate a PN code.

Abstract: Existing message fields and/or message parameters are configured to facilitate the packet and message synchronization and decoding tasks that conventionally rely upon a known bit sequence in each packet, thereby eliminating the need for a predefined message preamble in each packet. In example embodiments, the unique identifier of each transmitter is structured to facilitate determination of bit polarity and the start of each packet; packet sequence numbers use an unconventional counting sequence to assure synchronizing bit transitions; and so on. Other techniques, such as the use of run-length limited (RLL) message encoding, or 8b/10b encoding, to assure within-packet bit transitions, are also used to enhance clock synchronization and proper header location determination.

Abstract: To generate a pulse for ranging, a kernel is convolved with a spreading sequence. The spreading sequence is parametrized by one or more ordered (length, sparsity) pairs, such that the first sparsity differs from the bit length of the kernel and/or a subsequent sparsity differs from the product of the immediately preceding length and the immediately preceding sparsity. Alternatively, a kernel is convolved with an ordered plurality of spreading sequences, all but the first of which may be non-binary. The pulse is launched towards a target. The reflection from the target is transformed to a received reflection, compressed by deconvolution of the spreading sequence, and post-processed to provide a range to the target and/or a direction of arrival from the target.

Abstract: A method can include receiving, at an electronic transmitter device, for communication to an electronic receiver device, a first data value corresponding to one of a plurality of predetermined data values; identifying, from a matrix of data bits having the form of a 2N×2N Hadamard matrix whose rows have been randomly or pseudo-randomly shuffled, a column of data bits that is associated with the first data value; and transmitting to the electronic receiver device, in place of the first data value, the identified column of data bits. The method can further include receiving data at the electronic receiver; correlating the received data to the identified column of data bits; and providing the first data value for further processing by the electronic receiver.

Abstract: A method for effectively allocating a transmission power and a method for transmitting SCH are disclosed. In this case, the transmission power of the SCH, which is important for initial cell search of the user equipment, is increased but is not allocated to a predetermined frequency region within one OFDM symbol to obtain the increased transmission power, thereby minimizing an influence on transmission of other channels within one OFDM symbol.