Abstract: An apparatus for enabling a base station to transmit radio frequency signals with a transmit diversity technique comprises a first antenna implemented in the base station; and a second antenna implemented in the base station, and placed apart from the first antenna by a predetermined distance. The first antenna utilizes a first frequency band of a predetermined frequency spectrum for transmitting signals, and the second antenna utilizes a second frequency band of the predetermined frequency spectrum for transmitting signals. The first and second frequency bands do not overlap.

Abstract: The semiconductor integrated communication circuit includes: a low-noise amplifier; a receive mixer; a receive VCO; a demodulation-processing circuit; a modulation-processing circuit; a transmit mixer; a transmit VCO; a second-order-distortion-characteristic-calibration circuit; a quadrature-receive-signal-calibration circuit; and a test-signal generator. The test-signal generator generates first and second test signals using the transmit VCO. In the second-order-distortion-characteristic-calibration mode, the second-order-distortion-characteristic-calibration circuit variably changes an operation parameter of the receive mixer thereby to calibrate the second-order distortion characteristic to achieve its best condition while the first test signal is supplied to the receive mixer.

Abstract: A method and a device for feeding back and receiving downlink channel information are disclosed, whereby spectrum utilization ratio of downlink channel information feedback is enhanced. According to the present invention, a wireless terminal superposes an uplink user information sequence with spectrum-spread downlink channel information before transmission. A network side de-spreads a received signal before estimating the downlink channel information, and then detects the user information sequence after subtracting the estimated downlink channel information from the received signal. An orthogonal code can be employed to spread the spectrum of the downlink channel information. The wireless terminal and base station use a plurality of antennas for transmission and reception.

Abstract: The invention describes a field bus system, in particular a field bus system (10), comprising at least one clocked transmitter (16) and one clocked receiver (17) for transmitting data signals to another field bus device (30) or for receiving data signals from the other field bus device (30). To allow interfering emissions to be reduced, a spread spectrum clock (40) is provided which supplies a local spread spectrum clock signal (SST1). The spread spectrum clock signal is sent to the transmitter (16) and the receiver (17) to allow data signals (DO1, DI1) to be transmitted and received synchronously with the local spread spectrum clock signal.

Abstract: A technique for reducing interference between a direct-sequence ultra-wideband communications system and a narrowband communications system uses interference-rejecting spreading codes to reduce signal power in a frequency band associated with the narrowband communications system. A method of operating an ultra-wideband communications system includes applying an interference-rejecting spreading code to a signal for transmission. The interference-rejecting spreading code is configured to reduce power in a particular frequency band of a transmit or receive power spectral density associated with the ultra-wideband signal without substantially reducing power outside that particular frequency band of the transmit or receive power spectral density associated with the ultra-wideband signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus (a) generates a transmission symbol; (b) assigns, to the transmission symbol, a given number of units each formed of a symbol and a subcarrier in a frame which is formed of M (M is a positive integer) symbols and N (N is a positive integer) subcarriers and includes M×N units, and the given number being not more than M×N, to obtain the given number of identical transmission symbols; (c) multiplies the identical transmission symbols by a code sequence including a plurality of different elements; and (d) transmits the identical transmission symbols multiplied by the code sequence.

Abstract: A device for separating signal transmission and reception has first, second, and third device ports, a circulator including a first circulator port, a second circulator port and a third circulator port, a transmission filter coupled between the first circulator port and the first device port, and a reception filter coupled between the third circulator port and the third device port. The second circulator port is coupled to the second device port An input to the first port is output from the second port and an input to the second port is output from the third port. The circuit provides isolation between transmission and reception to improve communication efficiency and can reduce the size of a communication system.

Abstract: A method is provided for receiving a multicarrier signal formed by a temporal succession of symbols including of a set of data elements with real values, including informative data elements and pilots. Due to at least one preamble being inserted into the multicarrier signal and formed by at least two end symbols, encompassing at least one central symbol including of central pilots, such a reception method includes, for at least one central pilot, a step of eliminating or reducing an interference affecting the central pilot, and a step of estimating the transmission channel, taking into account the result of the eliminating or reducing step.

Abstract: A parallel decoder for decoding a code division multiplexed (CDM) signal. The parallel decoder has two matched filters, both operating at a frequency equal to half the chip rate of the CDM signal. One matched filter correlates odd-numbered chips of the CDM signal with odd-numbered chips of the spreading code. The other matched filter correlates even-numbered chips of the CDM signal with even-numbered chips of the spreading code. The two resulting correlated signals are combined, and the decoded signal is obtained from the combined signal. This arrangement doubles the maximum possible chip rate of the CDM signal.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a control signal in a wireless communication system includes allocating a first sequence to spread a first control signal in a radio resource, allocating a second sequence to spread a second control signal in the radio resource, selecting one of the first control signal and the second control signal, generating a spread control signal by spreading the selected control signal, and transmitting the spread control signal in the radio resource, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence use different cyclic shifts of a base sequence.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a random access preamble to a base station at a user equipment (UE) includes generating the random access preamble from a Zadoff-Chu sequence having a length ‘N’ and a root index ‘M’, wherein the random access preamble is defined by a cyclic shift of the Zadoff-Chu sequence and transmitting the generated random access preamble to the base station via a random access channel, wherein the cyclic shift is given by using a variable corresponding to a Doppler shift of one subcarrier spacing, the variable given by using the root index ‘M’, and wherein the cyclic shift is differently given based on whether the variable is smaller than ? of the length ‘N’.

Abstract: A wireless device comprising a plurality of chips may be operable to wirelessly communicate information between a plurality of chips via selectable directional antennas. Each of the chips may comprise one or more transmitters and receivers, and one or more integrated directional antennas communicatively coupled to the transmitters and/or receivers. The directional antennas may include patch antennas that may be configured to transmit signals in the direction of another chip intended to receive the transmitted signals. The patch antennas may be configured to transmit signals at a frequency matching a configured frequency of a directional antenna integrated on another of the plurality of chips intended to receive the transmitted signals. The directional antennas may include dipole antennas. The inter-chip communication may include baseband signals, radio frequency signals, and/or intermediate frequency signals. The plurality of chips may be integrated on a single package or on a plurality of packages.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to perform communication in a wireless power transmission system are provided. When a communication channel is selected from channels excluding a channel used in wireless power transmission, a communication apparatus and method transmit, using a frequency of the communication channel, a channel seizure signal, an access standard instruction, and a state information signal indicating an operating mode of a source. When a response signal corresponding to the access standard instruction is received from a target, the communication apparatus and method determine a control identifier (ID) of the target.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing communication in a wireless power transmission system are provided. The apparatus includes a channel search unit configured to search for communication channels other than a channel used in wireless power transmission, and measure state information of the communication channels. The apparatus includes a channel determining unit configured to determine a communication channel available for communication with a target device based on the measured state information. The apparatus includes a communication unit configured to transmit an access instruction to the target device using the determined communication channel. The apparatus includes a controller configured to determine whether to communicate with the target device using the determined communication channel based on whether a response signal corresponding to the access instruction is received.

Abstract: A method of processing a digital broadcast signal in a transmitter includes encoding signaling information including a transmission parameter channel, including transmission parameters and a fast information channel (FIC) including cross layer information for mobile service acquisition, and transmitting the broadcast signal including ensembles including the encoded signaling information. The FIC is divided into FIC segments, each FIC segment including a FIC segment header and a FIC segment payload. The FIC segment header includes type information indicating a type of the FIC segment, the FIC further including a first ensemble identifier identifying a specific ensemble including a service map table (SMT).

Abstract: An estimating method for maximum channel delay and cyclic prefix (CP) averaging method in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver are described. Specifically, the estimating method performs the estimation of the maximum channel delay by adding the CP and the main OFDM signal for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and for reducing the inter-carrier interference (ICI). The CP averaging method is used to acquire a portion of the CP by using the maximum channel delay so as to increase the performance of the OFDM receiver.

Abstract: To generate a pulse for ranging, a kernel is convolved with a spreading sequence. The spreading sequence is parametrized by one or more ordered (length, sparsity) pairs, such that the first sparsity differs from the bit length of the kernel and/or a subsequent sparsity differs from the product of the immediately preceding length and the immediately preceding sparsity. Alternatively, a kernel is convolved with an ordered plurality of spreading sequences, all but the first of which may be non-binary. The pulse is launched towards a target. The reflection from the target is transformed to a received reflection, compressed by deconvolution of the spreading sequence, and post-processed to provide a range to the target and/or a direction of arrival from the target.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a first code controller for controlling the storage of a first spreading code portion; a first data input controller for controlling the storage of a first set of input samples; a second data input controller for controlling the storage of a second set of input samples; a combiner arranged to combine a spreading code sample with an input sample and output the resultant combination; a summer for summing said resultant combinations; and a combination controller arranged to control which of the stored first set of input samples or the stored second set of input samples provides said input sample for combination in the combiner.

Abstract: Accordingly, a method and apparatus are provided to convert received content into a first stream and a second stream, to transmit said first stream using a first tone and to transmit said second stream using an orthogonal scheme. A layering scheme is used to transmit the base stream covering a smaller area and an enhanced stream is used to cover a large utilizing orthogonal scheme.

Abstract: A method and system for canceling an interference signal are provided. In the method, a received signal is transformed from a time domain to a frequency domain at relative low precision to obtain an estimated frequency and an estimated amplitude of the interference signal. A reference signal is generated using the estimated frequency and the estimated amplitude. An error signal is generated using the received signal and the reference signal based on minimum correlation criteria. The reference signal is adjusted using the error signal based on an adaptive algorithm. The reference signal is subtracted from the received signal to obtain the useful signal.

Abstract: A multi-carrier CDMA transfer device using block-based partial-carrier spreading uses block-based partial-carrier spreading in the multi-cell environment to be applied to MC-CDMA models (FH-MC/CDMA TDD) that are strong against multi-path fading. A transmitter of the transfer device spreads carriers per block in the frequency domain by using the block-based partial-carrier spreading, and a receiver despreads received signals by using the block-based partial-carrier and restore original data. Optionally, an array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements is applied to the transmitter and the receiver, and weights are adaptively applied depending on the channel quality when transmitting and receiving signals through the antenna elements. Therefore, frequency diversity is obtainable and inter-cell interference and inter-code interference is optimized in the MC-CDMA method. Also, changes of frequency hopping reduce temporal variations of channels and prevent a high SN ratio.

Abstract: A method can include receiving, at an electronic transmitter device, for communication to an electronic receiver device, a first data value corresponding to one of a plurality of predetermined data values; identifying, from a matrix of data bits having the form of a 2N×2N Hadamard matrix whose rows have been randomly or pseudo-randomly shuffled, a column of data bits that is associated with the first data value; and transmitting to the electronic receiver device, in place of the first data value, the identified column of data bits. The method can further include receiving data at the electronic receiver; correlating the received data to the identified column of data bits; and providing the first data value for further processing by the electronic receiver.

Abstract: A base station and user equipment (UE) for use in a CDMA communication system are disclosed. The base station includes a first and second antenna for transmitting first and second communication bursts. The first channelization device spreads data using a first channelization code and the second channelization device spreads the data using a second channelization code. The UE has a data detection device for receiving a signal including the first and second communication bursts.

Abstract: A transmitter for Electric Field Communication (EFC) is provided. The transmitter includes a preamble code generator, a preamble symbol generator, and a transmission electrode. The preamble code generator masks each of at least two repetitive preamble codes so that information indicating broadcast information is included in the at least two repetitive preamble codes. The preamble symbol generator multiplies a spreading code to spread the masked at least two repetitive preamble codes and generate preamble symbols. The transmission electrode transmits the preamble symbols. Since additional information transferred based on the size of a correlation value of a preamble symbol is used, a broadcast frame can be retrieved even when all packets inside a superframe are not demodulated.

Abstract: A control unit generates packet signals to be transmitted. The control unit uses either a first packet format, where a second known signal defined by a second radio communication system different from a first radio communication system is assigned anterior to a first known signal defined by the first radio communication system, or a second packet format, where the first known signal is assigned in an anterior part. Subcarriers to be used in the first known signal contain subcarriers to be used in the second known signal, and the first known signal and the second known signal are defined by different values.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for estimating a channel in a mobile communication network. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of estimating a channel under a channel environment where interference between neighboring base stations exists in a mobile communication network using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) method. In order to estimate a channel, one cluster is divided into two sub-clusters, and pilot sub-carrier signals included in at least one sub-cluster in an OFDM symbol direction are used. Therefore, it is possible to further improve performance as compared to a method of estimating a channel by using pilot sub-carriers included in one cluster.

Abstract: A system and method for signaling and transmitting uplink reference signals are provided. A method for communications controller operations includes signaling information about a set of sequence groups to a first communications device, where the first communications device uses a sequence in the set of sequence groups to modulate a reference signal. The method also includes selecting a sequence group from the set of sequence groups and signaling information about the selected sequence group to the first communications device.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments, a communication system includes a first device and a second device in communication with the first device. The second device has at least a first pair and a second pair of antennas. The second device spreads a communication bit by a predetermined spreading factor and forms a first set of spatial block codes in frequency domain based on the spread communication bit. The first set of spatial block codes being consecutively transmitted on one of the first and second pairs of antennas.

Abstract: A method for establishing a cyclic shift sequence to provide against the frequency offset is disclosed. The method calculates a distance between a channel response position of the sequence and an alias channel response position caused by a frequency offset, calculates the number of cyclic shifts per group according to the calculated distance, and establishes the cyclic shift (CS)—applying interval. This method easily establishes a cyclic shift (CS) interval at a specific location having no overlapping by considering a channel response of a reception (Rx) sequence and an alias location of this reception (Rx) sequence, although a reception (Rx) signal is shifted by a channel delay spreading or a propagation delay irrespective of categories of a domain generating a sequence, so that it can greatly reduce the number of the detection errors and the false alarm rate.

Abstract: To provide a radio base station apparatus, mobile terminal device and wireless communication method for enabling the SRS to be used efficiently in an LTE-A system, a wireless communication method of the invention is characterized in that a radio base station apparatus performs OFDM modulation on a transmission signal including transmission information on sounding reference signals for each transmission antenna, and transmits the OFDM-modulated transmission signal, and that a mobile terminal device receives the signal including the transmission information, controls a transmission aspect of the sounding reference signals for each transmission antenna based on the transmission information, and transmits the sounding reference signals in the transmission aspect for each transmission antenna.

Abstract: A radio communication device capable of randomizing both inter-cell interference and intra-cell interference. In this device, a spreading section primarily spreads a response signal in a ZAC sequence set by a control unit. A spreading section secondarily spreads the primarily spread response signal in a block-wise spreading code sequence set by the control unit. The control unit controls the cyclic shift amount of the ZAC sequence used for the primary spreading in the spreading section and the block-wise spreading code sequence used for the secondary spreading in the spreading section according to a set hopping pattern. The hopping pattern set by the control unit is made up of two hierarchies. An LB-based hopping pattern different for each cell is defined in the first hierarchy in order to randomize the inter-cell interference. A hopping pattern different for each mobile station is defined in the second hierarchy to randomize the intra-cell interference.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for amplitude modulation of a spread signal that can increase a data transmission rate and frequency use efficiency by loading information on the amplitude of the spread signal used in digital communications. A method for amplitude modulation of a spread signal according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: receiving a first data signal; generating a spread signal by applying a spreading code to the first data signal; receiving a second data signal; and outputting the spread signal at an amplitude corresponding to a value of the second data signal.

Abstract: The frequency spectrum of a transmitter system is spreaded in the transmitter (1) through the codification of information bits by means of sequence pairs of Golay complementary sequences. The spectrum is received in the receiver (2) and is subject to a filter, which is adapted to the features of such sequences enabling the detection of digital levels corresponding to the original transmitted information. If pairs of orthogonal sequences, A amplitudes for modulating data, and N-PSK modulation are used, it is possible to get a transmission speed (C) equal to: Where B is to the null-to-null spread bandwidth used in Hertz. It allows an improvement in quality as compared to other digital-communication systems, which use spread spectrum techniques and CDMA, obtaining a process gain independent of the transmission speed.

Abstract: A method for transmitting Acknowledgement/Negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information in a communication system includes spreading first ACK/NACK information using an orthogonal sequence with a spreading factor of 2, spreading second ACK/NACK information using an orthogonal sequence with the spreading factor of 2, and coding the first and second spread ACK/NACK information on four available neighboring subcarriers of multiple antennas.

Abstract: A base station is provided for receiving an acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) signal, including a transmitting unit configured to transmit a control signal using one or a plurality of control channel elements (CCE(s)). The base station also includes a receiving unit configured to receive an ACK/NACK signal, the ACK/NACK signal being multiplied by an orthogonal sequence, by a sequence defined by a cyclic shift, and by either a first value or a second value, wherein the first value rotates a constellation of the ACK/NACK signal by 0 degrees and the second value rotates the constellation of the ACK/NACK signal by N degrees, which is different from 0 degrees.

Abstract: A transmitter includes: spread code multiplying means that multiplies a symbol indicating a reference signal by spread code to generate a chip sequence after spreading; chip pattern generation means that generates a chip pattern by performing chip repetition a predetermined repetition number of times on the chip sequence after spreading; and multiplying means that multiplies a signal having the chip pattern by a phase specific to the transmitter.

Abstract: A mobile station is provided for transmitting an acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) signal, including a multiplying unit configured to multiply an ACK/NACK signal either by a first value for rotating a constellation of the ACK/NACK signal by 0 degrees or by a second value for rotating the constellation of the ACK/NACK signal by N degrees, which is different from 0 degrees. In a case where a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) index used by the mobile station is in a first PUCCH index group, the multiplying unit multiplies the ACK/NACK signal by the same value for both transmitting in a first slot and transmitting in a second slot, and in a case where the PUCCH index used by the mobile station is in a second PUCCH index group, the multiplying unit multiplies the ACK/NACK signal by different values for transmitting in the first slot and transmitting in the second slot, respectively.

Abstract: A codeword synthesizing system and a correlation system for use with a spread spectrum communications system. In one embodiment, the codeword synthesizing system typically associated with a transmitter includes a base sequence generating subsystem, a modifier sequence generating subsystem and a concatenating subsystem. The base sequence generating subsystem is configured to create base sequences having a length less than a synthesized codeword. The modifier sequence generating subsystem is configured to create a modifier sequence, and the concatenating subsystem is configured to produce the synthesized codeword by multiplying each of the base sequences by an element of the modifier sequence. In one embodiment, the correlation system typically associated with a receiver includes a partial correlating subsystem, a memory subsystem and a combining subsystem. The partial correlating subsystem correlates base sequences of a synthesized codeword to a template and derives multiple partially correlated resultants.

Abstract: Methods, systems and instructions stored on computer-readable media for generating, at a first node, a plurality of data units. The plurality of data units are spread with a common pseudo-noise (PN) code that is used by a plurality of nodes, including the first node and a second node, that are in communication with an access point. A random timing offset is determined, and a first data unit is transmitted to the access point at a first time based upon a slot start time and the random timing offset. The first data unit is transmitted while at least a portion of a second signal is transmitted from the second node such that both the first data unit and the second signal are received by the access point. The second signal is transmitted at a second time based on the slot time and a second random timing offset.

Abstract: Synchronized broadcast transmits a same broadcast content using a same waveform from multiple transmitters. Transmitters each apply a same spreading code for broadcast transmissions. In a spread-spectrum communication system having a time division multiplexed forward link, a synchronized broadcast transmission is inserted into a broadcast slot. One embodiment employs an Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplex (OFDM) waveform for the synchronized broadcast. An OFDM receiver is then used to process the received synchronized broadcast transmission. An alternate embodiment implements a broadcast Pseudo-random Noise (PN) code for use by multiple transmitters. An equalizer is then employed to estimate the synchronized broadcast transmission.

Abstract: A transmitter with modulation comprising a phase changing stage having a first switch and a second switch coupled t the first switch, a first transistor and a second transistor individually coupled to the each switch. The transmitter is configured to receive a phase changing signal having a first state and a second state. The first switch is configured t operate in an opposing manner to the second switch such that only the first transistor is configured to be turned on i the first state and only the second transistor is configured to be turned on in the second state upon receipt of the phase changing signal by the switches so as to achieve a change in an output phase of the transmitter when the phase changing signal switches from the first state to the second state.

Abstract: To reduce the crest factor of a total signal, the signal dynamic range is corrected in baseband upstream of the interpolation filters. To this end, provision is made for the input of a correction device to be coupled to at least two signal sources which are designed to provide digital signals on different frequency bands. The correction device is designed to determine correction factors from the digital signals applied to the input and use them to alter the respective digital signals. The output of the correction device is coupled to a first and at least one second interpolation filter. This allows reduction of the signal dynamic range in baseband, which reduces the crest factor without having to accept substantial losses in signal quality.

Abstract: Techniques for synchronizing a receiver and transmitter in a wireless communication system address synchronization within the context of a detection formulation and provide synchronization statistics used to declare a synchronization detection. A signal is received from a channel at multiple receiving antennas. The receiver and transmitter are synchronized based on the received signal and a channel model incorporating the multiple receiving antennas. The channel model may also incorporate a resolvable delay spread of the received signal with respect to each receiving antenna. Synchronization may be based on a known component of a received signal and further on a channel model incorporating multiple receiving antennas and an interference signal. The known component may be a cyclic prefix or a pilot sequence as in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for supporting television white space (TVWS) communication. In an aspect of the present disclosure, a low-rate TVWS enabler (Mode II wireless communication device) may provide initial enablement for all Mode I devices (e.g., access points and user terminals), as well as it may transmit a contact verification signal (CVS) on a regular basis to keep the Mode I devices enabled for the TVWS communication.

Abstract: In embodiments, an adaptive tone erasure technique is applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications, such as ECMA-368 standard ultra-wideband (UWB) communications. A transmitter obtains jammed sub-carrier information and calculates an erasure mask. The jammed sub-carriers are nulled before transmitting to a receiver. In accordance with the erasure mask, bits falling on the jammed sub-carriers are replaced by erasure bits before interleaving, keeping the interleaver block size constant notwithstanding variations in the number of the jammed sub-carriers. The receiver also obtains the jammed sub-carrier information and the erasure mask. After the receiver deinterleaves the constant size blocks, it decodes the data without the erasure bits. The transmitter may detect the jammed sub-carriers itself, or obtain the information from the receiver. The receiver similarly may detect the jammed sub-carriers itself, or obtain the information from the transmitter.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed for determining a bit error rate (BER) associated with decoding data transmitted using space-time spreading (STS) in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: A downlink frame generation device arrange a plurality of synchronization channel symbols and a plurality of broad-casting channel symbols in a common bandwidth of a system so that the symbols may neighbor each other on the time axis. The downlink frame generation device applies a precoding vector to the synchronization channel symbols and the broadcasting channel symbols to generate a plurality of downlink frames corresponding to a plurality of antennas. The precoding vector is variable by a sector for transmitting a plurality of downlink frames and a subframe in which a plurality of synchronization channel symbols are positioned. The precoding vector is independent of an index of a subcarrier.

Abstract: A method for communicating DM-RS symbols to support MIMO transmissions having five or more layers of spatial multiplexing. A first subframe is communicated carrying two leading symbols of a first length-4 OCC sequence and two leading symbols of a second length-4 OCC sequence, and a second subframe is communicated carrying two trailing symbols of the first length-4 OCC and two trailing symbols of the second length-4 OCC sequence. Optionally four length-2 OCCs can be carried in a similar manner or, alternatively, in different frequency bands or resource block pairs of a common subframe.

Abstract: A method for modifying a signal transmitted from a mobile communication device comprising by perturbing a transmit diversity parameter from its nominal value by modulating the parameter with respect to the nominal value in a first direction for a first feedback interval and then in a second direction for a second feedback interval, receiving a feedback signal including feedback information relating to the perturbed signal as received at a feedback device, and based at least on the feedback information, adjusting the nominal value of the transmit diversity parameter by increasing, decreasing, or preserving the nominal value.

Abstract: Provided are transmitter topology, receiver topology and methods for generating and transmitting a radio signal at a transmitter and detecting and processing a radio signal at a receiver. The radio signals are transmitted across a wireless interface using Ultra Wideband (UWB) pulses. A transmitted reference approach is utilized. The radio signal include pairs of UWB pulses with each pair of pulses separated by a fixed time delay. The two pulses are then combined to provide for improved noise immunity.