Abstract: In accordance with the teachings described herein, system and methods are provided for a GPS acquisition correlation scheme with a reduced memory requirement. An example system may include a memory, a local PRN code generator, correlators, adder trees, an accumulator, and an output memory. The memory may be used to store an input PRN code. The local PRN code generator generates a replica PRN code and outputs a replica PRN code. The local PRN code generator may also shift the replica PRN code for each output epoch. One or more correlators receive the input PRN code and the replica PRN code and compare a bit of the input PRN code to a bit of the replica PRN code and generates a comparison. The adder trees add the comparisons and generate a comparison output. An accumulator accumulates the comparison output and outputs an accumulated output to an output memory.

Abstract: Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method for accurately detecting and measuring signals received from multiple cells surrounding a user equipment (UE) during a cell search. The method is performed by receiving a composite signal comprising an aggregate of transmissions (e.g., synchronization signals) from a plurality of base stations at a UE. A correlation-based metric describing a cell is generated by performing a cross-correlation of a transmission (e.g., synchronization signal, reference signal, etc.) from the cell with the received composite signal. The correlation-based metric of weaker cells may be modified to generate an equivalent ideal metric, also proportional to the search criteria, in which the impact of interfering signals is suppressed. By suppressing the impact of the interfering signals, the equivalent ideal metric can be used to identify a weaker target signal in light of the eclipsing, stronger signals.

Abstract: A synchronization device and a synchronization method for use in a receiver are provided. The receiver receives a signal from a transmitter. The synchronization device generates a plurality of first pseudo noise codes in sequence according to a first code phase sequence and generates a plurality of second pseudo noise codes in sequence according to a second code phase sequence which is the reverse of the first code phase sequence, simultaneously. Every time a first pseudo noise code and a second pseudo noise code are generated, the synchronization device makes a correlation calculation for the first pseudo noise code, the second pseudo noise code and the signal. The synchronization device further determines a code phase according to the correlation calculations, and synchronizes with the signal according to the code phase. The synchronization method is applied to the synchronization device to implement the operations.

Abstract: A method for mitigating a multi-path-induced error in a global navigation satellite system comprises, for a respective measurement epoch, obtaining respective representations of a composite signal including a plurality of value-pairs of the composite signal. The method further comprises, with respect to the measurement epoch: obtaining a plurality of coefficients for a set of linear equations based on the plurality of value-pairs of the composite signal; iteratively obtaining solutions for the set of linear equations, thereby solving for a code tracking timing offset, a time delay of a multi-path signal of the composite signal relative to its direct-path signal, and orthogonal representations of the multi-path signal; determining a phase error between the composite signal and the direct-path signal, due to the time delay, in accordance with the orthogonal representations of the multi-path signal; and correcting for the code tracking timing offset and the phase error.

Abstract: Linear symbol level equalisation is used to estimate a transmitted symbol vector xn(0) in an nth observation window yn of signals received from multiple users each using a different spreading code. An iterative conjugate gradient algorithm resolves a column vector z that satisfies Az=b, A being a square matrix and b being a column vector. The matrix vector product Apk used in each respective kth iteration of the algorithm is computed using at least one fast transform. The receiver or detector estimates a posterior mean {circumflex over (x)}LMMSE,n(0) from the computed column vector z, then utilises the estimated posterior mean to determine the transmitted symbol vector xn(0). The posterior mean {circumflex over (x)}LMMSE,n(0) may be estimated from matrix A and vector b. Different examples have the square matrix A with an inner or an outer product form; and have the fast transform as a fast Walsh-Hadamard transform and/or a fast (inverse) Fourier transform.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a component calculator configured to compute at least one component value of a highly programmable analog-to-digital converter (ADC) from at least one application parameter, and a mapping module configured to map the component value to a corresponding register setting of the ADC based on at least one process parameter, wherein the integrated circuit produces digital control signals capable of programming the ADC. In a specific embodiment, the component calculator uses an algebraic function of a normalized representation of the application parameter to approximately evaluate at least one normalized ADC coefficient. The component value is further calculated by denormalizing the normalized ADC coefficient. In another specific embodiment, the component calculator uses an algebraic function of the application parameter to calculate the component value.

Abstract: Acquiring a satellite signal, by, receiving a CDMA-modulated signal; generating a plurality of CDMA-type test signals comprising a reference test signal having a first chip duration, and a plurality of test signals delayed/anticipated of a corresponding time offset from the respective test reference signal, less than the chip duration; calculating correlations between the CDMA-modulated signal and the plurality of test signals for obtaining a plurality of correlation results; selecting, based on the correlation results, acquisition parameters associated to a candidate satellite signal; acquiring or rejecting the acquisition parameters selected based on the correlation results.

Abstract: There is provided a method of determining the position of a device using a satellite positioning system, the method comprising (a) operating a satellite positioning system receiver in the device to collect a plurality of sets of signals; and, when the position of the device is to be determined (b) processing a set of signals to determine if the set is likely to contain signals from satellites in the satellite positioning system; and (c) if it is determined in step (b) that the set of signals is likely to contain signals from satellites in the satellite positioning system, processing the set of signals to calculate the position of the device; (d) if it determined in step (b) that the set of signals is not likely to contain signals from satellites in the satellite positioning system, repeating steps (b), (c) and (d) with another set of signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhancing numerically controlled oscillators are provided. In certain embodiments, a numerically controlled oscillator enhancer includes a desired rate interface configured to receive a desired numerically controlled oscillator rate from an external device and a closest quantized rate identifier configured to identify a closest quantization rate that is closest to the desired numerically controlled oscillator rate. Further, the numerically controlled oscillator enhancer includes a quantization rate corrector configured to identify the quantization rate correction that, when applied to the closest quantization rate, constrains an accumulated quantization error within an error range and a rate output configured to output a corrected quantized numerically controlled oscillator rate.

Abstract: A method of tracking a code phase includes configuring local correlators with a first de-spreading local function; de-spreading an incoming signal with the first de-spreading local function to generate a first correlation output; determining a range estimate based on the first de-spreading local function; reconfiguring the local correlators with a second de-spreading local function when a delay-locked loop has locked to a correct correlation peak of the first correlation output; de-spreading the incoming signal with the second de-spreading local function to generate a second correlation output; determining a range estimate based on the second de-spreading local function that has a higher resolution than the range estimate based on the first de-spreading local function; and determining if the delay-locked loop has lost a lock to the correct correlation peak of the second correlation output to determine that the local correlators need to be reconfigured with the first de-spreading local function.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for facilitating synchronization between a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system. The UE receives a synchronization signal originated by the BS. The synchronization signal is encoded with a selected cyclically permutable (CP) codeword. The selected CP codeword is selected from a set of CP codewords. Encoding of the synchronization signal is facilitated by a repetitive cyclically permutable (RCP) codeword derivable from the selected CP codeword. The RCP codeword has a plurality of codeword elements each associated with a value, the value of at least one codeword element in the RCP codeword being repeated in another codeword element position in the RCP codeword. And the synchronization signal is decoded in accordance with repetitive structure of the RCP codeword.

Abstract: The device for receiving signals which have carrier frequencies and codes, said signals being navigation or communication signals, has multiple individual antennas (114) for receiving a signal, each individual antenna (114) having an antenna output (116) at which the received signal is present. Furthermore, the device is provided with an analog preprocessing unit (122) for preprocessing the signals received by the individual antennas (114), said preprocessing unit (122) having signal transmitting and signal preprocessing channels (124) which are assigned to the individual antennas (114), and the device is provided with a digital signal processor (134). The device additionally has a calibration signal generating unit (148) for generating a calibration signal which, like the signals received by the individual antennas (114), has a carrier frequency and a code and which is used for calibrating the propagation time and the phase of the signal transmission paths.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation signal generators, which generate a first OFDM modulation signal and a second OFDM modulation signal. The transmission apparatus also includes a transmitter that transmits the first OFDM modulation signal from a first antenna and the second OFDM modulation signal from a second antenna, in an identical frequency band.

Abstract: A method of detecting PN code synchronization for a DSSS signal comprising receiving a DSSS data signal of data frames comprised of I and Q symbols, at least a portion of each data frame comprising a unique word, demodulating the data signal into I and Q chip samples, filtering the I and Q chip samples and outputting the filtered I and Q chip samples to a chip stream controller which outputs the plurality of chip streams to a correlation matrix that correlates the plurality of chip streams with the chipped unique word and outputs a correlated data stream. A plurality of FFTs is run on the correlated output data stream and a processor searches for a maximum frequency bin power of each FFT. A PN synchronization detector searches for a maximum frequency bin power of each FFT. A PN synchronization detector searches for a maximum frequency bin power among the plurality of FFT rounds and determines whether PN synchronization is present.

Abstract: A code generating apparatus, demodulation reference signal generating apparatus, and methods thereof. The demodulation reference signal generator includes generating a non-correlation sequence for RS of a first resource block; spreading spectrums of elements in the non-correlation sequence for RS to be mapped to a first frequency resource of the first resource block, by using a first group of codes; second spreading spectrums of elements in the non-correlation sequence for RS to be mapped to a second frequency resource of the first resource block, by using a second group of Codes; the first and second frequency resources are adjacent frequency resources in frequency resource elements used for RS transmission in the first resource block, and the first and second groups of Codes are mirrors in column to each other; and mapping the spectrum-spread elements to the first and second frequency resources, respectively.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing a plurality of clocks arranged within a plurality of nodes of a packet-switching network comprises comparing parameters that relate to the plurality of clocks in order to determine master-slave relationships between the plurality of clocks, and exchanging time-stamped messages over the packet-switching network each time between a master clock and an associated slave clock to make the associated slave clock subservient to the master clock. A node of the packet-switching network comprises a frequency source controlled by a synchronous physical layer technology. The parameters that relate to a clock of the node comprise a parameter that relates to the frequency source to determine the master slave relationships based on one property of the frequency source.

Abstract: Acquiring a satellite signal, by, receiving a CDMA-modulated signal; generating a plurality of CDMA-type test signals comprising a reference test signal having a first chip duration, and a plurality of test signals delayed/anticipated of a corresponding time offset from the respective test reference signal, less than the chip duration; calculating correlations between the CDMA-modulated signal and the plurality of test signals for obtaining a plurality of correlation results; selecting, based on the correlation results, acquisition parameters associated to a candidate satellite signal; acquiring or rejecting the acquisition parameters selected based on the correlation results.

Abstract: There are several exemplary ways to more efficiently communicate an out-of-domain seed to a receiver—in a first technique, the seed can be indicated in the header portion or data portion of a packet. For example, the header portion of the packet could contain one or more bit fields that indicate the value of the LFSR seed used for the preamble portion of the packet. The receiver would learn the out-of-domain seed after receiving a first out-of-domain packet and decoding the header portion of that packet. After learning the out-of-domain seed, the receiver could send a packet indicating the value of the out-of-domain seed to the local master. The local master could then transmit the value of the out-of-domain seed in the header portion or data portion of a local MAP frame.

Abstract: A receiver for receiving a signal, the signal conforming to a protocol such that the signal comprises a synchronising portion and a data portion, each portion comprising pulses located in respective time slots, the time offsets between successive time slots being defined by the protocol, the receiver comprising: a detector configured to detect a first pulse and a second pulse of the synchronising portion; a comparison module configured to compare the time offset between the first and second pulses to a corresponding time offset defined by the protocol so as to determine the relationship between the detected time offset and the corresponding time offset; a determination module configured to determine expected times of arrival of the time slots of the data portion using the determined relationship and the time offsets defined by the protocol; and a data reader configured to read data conveyed in the data portion at the expected times of arrival.

Abstract: A receiver and method for a transponder of a two-way automatic communications system (TWACS) used by an electrical utility in which analog outbound messages are sent from the utility to a consumer and inbound, reply messages are sent from the consumer to the utility. The receiver and method enable a transponder to detect the outbound messages and include A/D conversion and digital processing for demodulating a digitized signal and providing the outbound message.

Abstract: A wireless communication system. The system comprises transmitter circuitry (BST1), the transmitter circuitry comprising encoder circuitry (50) for transmitting a plurality of frames (FR). Each of the plurality of frames comprises a primary synchronization code (PCS) and a second synchronization code (SSC). The encoder circuitry comprises of circuitry (501) for providing the primary synchronization code in response to a first sequence (32). The encoder circuitry further comprises circuitry (502) for providing the secondary synchronization code in response to a second sequence (54) and a third sequence (56). The second sequence is selected from a plurality of sequences. Each of the plurality of sequences is orthogonal with respect to all other sequences. The third sequence is a subset of bits from the first sequence.

Abstract: In a code tracking loop, a multipath discriminator is configured to generate a first tracking error corresponding to a received signal in the presence of multipath interference and/or at low signal level. A line-of-sight (LOS) discriminator is configured to generate a second tracking error corresponding to the received signal. A multipath switch is configured to i) detect the presence of multipath interference in the received signal and/or a low signal level of the received signal compared to a threshold, and ii) indicate whether the first tracking error or the second tracking error is to be utilized.

Abstract: A method for acquiring a code phase shift between an input sequence and a reference sequence is provided. The method is to be implemented using an acquisition device that includes a mapping unit configured to transform the input sequence and the reference sequence respectively into an input signal and a reference signal each with a complex phase, a comparison unit configured to compare the input signal with the reference signal so as to obtain a phase coherent indicator, and calculating unit configured to obtain the code phase shift between the input sequence and the reference sequence based on a phase of the phase coherent indicator and a number of bits of the input sequence.

Abstract: Symbol timing acquisition is described for a wireless broadband signal received at a user terminal from a gateway via a satellite. In-phase and quadrature channels of the wireless signal may each be sampled at a rate of one sample per symbol. The samples may be interpolated to generate an early interpolation and a late interpolation for each of the samples. A difference measurement is obtained between the early interpolation and the late interpolation for a set of the samples. A number of the difference measurements may be averaged, and symbol timing may be modified based on the average. This process may be continued on an iterative basis to acquire symbol timing.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system where communication devices exchange information utilizing physical layer (PHY) data units that conform to a first format, where the first format includes a short training field (STF) that includes exactly N repetitions of a spreading sequence, a method for generating a PHY data unit that conforms to a second format, where the second format has a longer STF than the first format, includes generating an STF of the PHY data unit that includes M instances of the spreading sequence, where M is greater than N, and generating a channel estimation field (CEF).

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhancing numerically controlled oscillators are provided. In certain embodiments, a numerically controlled oscillator enhancer includes a desired rate interface configured to receive a desired numerically controlled oscillator rate from an external device and a closest quantized rate identifier configured to identify a closest quantization rate that is closest to the desired numerically controlled oscillator rate. Further, the numerically controlled oscillator enhancer includes a quantization rate corrector configured to identify the quantization rate correction that, when applied to the closest quantization rate, constrains an accumulated quantization error within an error range and a rate output configured to output a corrected quantized numerically controlled oscillator rate.

Abstract: A method for estimating a scrambling code used on an uplink of a WCDMA system. The scrambling code is obtained from a Gold code, sum of a first specific M-sequence of the user and of a second M-sequence known from the receiver. After sampling of the signal received at the chip frequency of the scrambling code, the successive samples are subject to a differential treatment and the sequence of differential values is multiplied by the second M-sequence. The observables thereby obtained are decoded with the aid of a belief propagation iterative decoding. The decoded values then serve to determine the content of the shift register of the generator of the first M-sequence. One then deduces therefrom the Gold code and an estimation of the scrambling code, ?.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving synchronization and information transmission in a communication system, including: generating a signal with a centrally symmetric part s(k) exploitable for synchronization; and sending the signal over a communication channel. The signal is based on a uniquely identifiable sequence c(l) from a set of sequences exploitable for information transmission. The centrally symmetric part s(k) is centrally symmetric in the shape of absolute value thereof. The centrally symmetric part s(k) is of arbitrary length N.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus for estimating frequency deviation, the method comprising: after receiving a sub-frame, transforming a downlink synchronized code of the sub-frame to a frequency domain, and performing a correlation operation between the transformed downlink synchronized code and a local frequency domain synchronized code to obtain a conjugate downlink synchronized code sequence; judging a location of a maximum value in the conjugate downlink synchronized code sequence, and calculating a frequency deviation value according to the location of the maximum value. The estimating method provided in the invention can realize a stable work with no need of a precise sampling value location, an accurate timing synchronization, or even obtaining the information for the multi-path distribution and locations.

Abstract: A method is provided for synchronization in a communication system. A receiver receives and processes a signal with a centrally symmetric part s(k) exploitable for synchronization. The signal is based on a uniquely identifiable sequence c(l) from a set of sequences exploitable for information transmission. The centrally symmetric part s(k) is centrally symmetric in the shape of absolute value thereof. The centrally symmetric part s(k) is of arbitrary length N, and the sequence c(l) is a Zadoff-Chu sequence.

Abstract: A technique for reducing the dwell time in acquiring a satellite signal is provided. The technique minimizes the dwell time in searching for a satellite signal in cells of a search space by comparing the peak-power-to-average ratio (PAPR) to one or more thresholds at one or more intermediate points during the search in a code phase/Doppler frequency bin. The comparison is then used to determine whether to continue the search in a current code phase/Doppler frequency bin or to continue to the next code phase/Doppler frequency bin.

Abstract: Techniques for use in sampling a signal of a receiver are described. In a sampling determination mode, a signal is sampled at a first sampling period for producing a sample set for each phase of the sampled signal. For each sample set, a correlation process is performed for producing a correlation result. One of the phases associated with an optimal correlation result is identified from the correlation results. In a communication mode, a received signal is sampled at a second sampling period at the phase associated with the optimal correlation result, for recovering user or signaling information from the received signal. The second sampling period is less than the first sampling period.

Abstract: To prevent a collision from occurring at the time of random access in cases such as handover, response to paging and the like where a mobile station apparatus performs random access in response to directions from a base station apparatus. In a mobile communication system in which a mobile station apparatus 200 uses a signature of a beforehand determined signature group at the time of random access with a base station apparatus 100, the signature group is comprised of a signature group managed by the base station apparatus 100 and another signature group managed by the mobile station apparatus 200. The signature group managed by the base station apparatus 100 includes signatures associated with particular random access reasons to be selected by the base station apparatus 100.

Abstract: Provided are a method for dynamically acquiring a PN synchronization of a blink signal in a reader according to a channel state when a tag transmits a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) blink signal having a predetermined period and the reader receives the blink signal in a 2.4 GHz RTLS system which complies with an ISO/IEC24730-2 standard, and a method for synchronizing a frame using a preamble.

Abstract: A method for communicating comprises generating at least one generalized Golay code from a concatenation of constituent Golay codes, and spreading at least a portion of a data stream with the at least one generalized Golay code. Generalized Golay codes comprise pseudo-complementary sequences having code lengths that differ from Golay complementary sequences and are characterized by low autocorrelation sidelobes relative to the autocorrelation peak.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of determining a phase estimate for an input signal having pilot symbols. The method includes receiving a plurality of pilot symbols, and then multiplying two or more pilot symbol slots by corresponding correlator coefficients to correct a phase estimate of the input signal.

Abstract: A code generating apparatus, demodulation reference signal generating apparatus, and methods thereof. The demodulation reference signal generator includes generating a non-correlation sequence for RS of a first resource block; spreading spectrums of elements in the non-correlation sequence for RS to be mapped to a first frequency resource of the first resource block, by using a first group of codes; second spreading spectrums of elements in the non-correlation sequence for RS to be mapped to a second frequency resource of the first resource block, by using a second group of Codes; the first and second frequency resources are adjacent frequency resources in frequency resource elements used for RS transmission in the first resource block, and the first and second groups of Codes are mirrors in column to each other; and mapping the spectrum-spread elements to the first and second frequency resources, respectively.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a method for generating a reference signal. The method includes: a user equipment receiving a first signaling carrying reference signal solution information sent by a base station, wherein the reference signal solution information has at least one mapping relation with at least one piece of orthogonal code configuration information and at least one hopping mode, and the at least one mapping relation is stored in the base station and the user equipment; determining a corresponding piece of orthogonal code configuration information and a corresponding hopping mode according to the received reference signal solution information and the stored at least one mapping relation; and generating a reference signal according to the determined piece of orthogonal code configuration information and the determined hopping mode.

Abstract: An approach is provided for correcting a reference clock of a GPS receiver. The approach involves determining one or more frequency offset values. The approach also involves determining one or more codes associated with one or more satellites. The approach further involves determining a second code associated with the one or more satellites. The approach additionally involves determining one or more delay values between the second code and the one or more first codes. The approach also involves determining one or more proportional values based on the one or more delay values and a determined correlation. The approach further involves determining one or more correlation peak values and determining one or more estimated frequency offset error values based on the one or more correlation peak values. The approach additionally involves causing a calibrated reference clock frequency value to change to a recalibrated reference clock frequency value based on the estimated frequency offset error values.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) includes a server and receiver, which includes a radio frequency (RF) front-end circuit that receives wireless signals from the mobile nodes within the WLAN and detects baseband signals. A signal waveform detector edge detects a signal waveform and generates a trigger signal indicative of the modulation type, data format and time-of-arrival (TOA) information of a desired signal to be captured. A baseband processor receives the trigger signal from the signal waveform detector and captures the desired signal. A system controller is connected to the baseband processor and configures the baseband processor for processing the desired signal and obtaining message data and signal metrics that are transferred to the system controller to be communicated outbound from the receiver as a client to the server.

Abstract: A radio frequency circuit and a signal transmission method are provided. The radio frequency circuit comprises a primary antenna, a secondary antenna and a radio frequency integrated circuit. The primary antenna is electrically coupled to the radio frequency integrated circuit to transmit and receive at least one transmission/reception signal. The secondary antenna is electrically coupled to the radio frequency integrated circuit to receive at least one diversity reception signal. The radio frequency integrated circuit is configured to receive a specific diversity reception signal via the primary antenna and to transmit and receive a specific transmission/reception signal via the secondary antenna.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a code channel detecting method and a related device and a communication system. In the solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention, whether a DPA code channel is in an active state is determined with multiple thresholds based on a first reference value and a third reference value, or based on a first reference value, a second reference value and a third reference value. This mechanism takes multiple possible false determination situations into consideration, thereby ensuring a code channel correct detection rate in multiple interference scenarios and relatively reducing a false alarm rate.

Abstract: A roulette table, including an electronic system having at least one electronic circuit, a number of M antennas, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) transmitter for sending a number of M orthogonal code sequences via the antennas, and a contactless communication interface for receiving the position from an electronic memory of the electronic circuit, in which the antennas are arranged below stake fields of the roulette table, and having chips, in which each chip is equipped with an electronic circuit.

Abstract: A method for determining the validity of a most significant path in a wireless communication system wherein data is transmitted in frame units in a multipath environment begins by accumulating a correlated data sequence N times, each time at a frame offset apart from the previous time. A preliminary noise estimate (PNE) is calculated as an average of the accumulated data values. A preliminary noise threshold (PNT) is calculated according to the equation C1×PNE. A final noise estimate (FNE) is calculated as the average of accumulated data values below the PNT. A final noise threshold (FNT) is calculated according to the equation C2×FNE. The validity of the most significant path is determined if the most significant path value is greater than the FNT.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus (receiver) of receiving and processing a radio signal in a transmitter-receiver environment. The radio signals are transmitted across a wireless interface using Ultra Wideband (UWB) pulses. A transmitted reference approach is utilized. The radio signal include pairs of UWB pulses with each pair of pulses separated by a fixed time delay. The two pulses are then combined to provide for improved noise immunity.

Abstract: To prevent a collision from occurring at the time of random access in cases such as handover, response to paging and the like where a mobile station apparatus performs random access in response to directions from a base station apparatus. In a mobile communication system in which a mobile station apparatus 200 uses a signature of a beforehand determined signature group at the time of random access with a base station apparatus 100, the signature group is comprised of a signature group managed by the base station apparatus 100 and another signature group managed by the mobile station apparatus 200. The signature group managed by the base station apparatus 100 includes signatures associated with particular random access reasons to be selected by the base station apparatus 100.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for facilitating synchronization between a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system. The UE receives a synchronization signal originated by the BS. The synchronization signal is encoded with a selected cyclically permutable (CP) codeword, the selected CP codeword being selected from a set of CP codewords. Encoding of the synchronization signal is facilitated by a repetitive cyclically permutable (RCP) codeword derivable from the selected CP codeword. The RCP codeword has a plurality of codeword elements each associated with a value, the value of at least one codeword element in the RCP codeword being repeated in another codeword element position in the RCP codeword. And the synchronization signal is decoded in accordance with repetitive structure of the RCP codeword.

Abstract: Embodiments of a spread-carrier self-detecting code (SCSDC) receiver with summed-delay processing (SDP) and method are generally described herein. In some embodiments, the SCSDC-SDP receiver is arranged to generate a chip-matched filter output from a received spread-spectrum signal and perform SDP on the chip-matched filter output with a plurality of delay-processing chains. The SDP may include multiplying a conjugated and delayed chip-matched filter output with the chip-matched filter output and applying a code-matched filter that is matched to a delay-multiplied code. The outputs from the code-matched filters of each delay-processing chain may be coherently combined to provide an output having correlation peaks for use generating frequency error and timing information.

Abstract: In a synchronization processing circuit in a wireless communication system, a correlation operation unit is designed to have a parallel structure which can be restructured to improve flexibility in order to cope with various synchronization processings in a plurality of radio systems. The synchronization processing circuit in the wireless communication system comprises a plurality of correlation operation modules 31 through 3N that execute correlation operation, each of which correlation operation modules includes a plurality of correlators 60, a plurality of shift registers 50 for shifting a correlation code, an interface which transfers a shifted correlation code to an adjacent correlation operation unit for timing correlation processing, and a correlation code selection unit 40 which selects an externally and individually applied correlation code for code correlation processing and a correlation code transferred from an adjacent correlation operation unit as the correlation code.

Abstract: A method of generating a code sequence in a wireless communication system is disclosed. More specifically, the method includes recognizing a desired length of the code sequence, generating a code sequence having a length different from the desired length, and modifying the length of the generated code sequence to equal the desired length. Here, the step of modifying includes discarding at least one element of the generated code sequence or inserting at least one null element to the generated code sequence.