Abstract: A non-frequency translating repeater (110, 210, 300) for use in a time division duplex (TDD) radio protocol communications system includes detection retransmission and automatic gain control. Detection is performed by detectors (309, 310) and a processor (313). Detection can be overridden by processor (313) using logic elements (314). Antennae (220, 230) having various form factors can be used to couple a base station (222) to a subscriber terminal (232) which can be located in a sub-optimal location such as deep inside a building or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a receiver for use in a SDAR system, the receiver including a receiving unit having satellite signal detection means for detecting a first transmit signal transmitted from a first communication satellite and a second transmit signal transmitted from a second communication satellite, the first transmit signal produced when the transmitter modulates a primary data stream with a secondary data stream on a first carrier wave associated with the first communication satellite and the second transmit signal produced when the transmitter modulates the primary and secondary data streams on a second carrier wave associated with the second communication satellite; and at least one demodulator coupled to the receiving unit and configured to demodulate the at least one of the first and the second transmit signals.

Abstract: A cosite interference rejection system allows cancellation of large interfering signals with an optical cancellation subsystem. The rejection system includes an interference subsystem coupled to a transmit system, where the interference subsystem weights a sampled transmit signal based on a feedback signal such that the weighted signal is out of phase with the sampled transmit signal. The optical cancellation subsystem is coupled to the interference subsystem and a receive antenna. The optical cancellation subsystem converts an optical signal into a desired receive signal based on an interfering coupled signal and the weighted signal. The weighted signal is therefore used to drive the optical cancellation subsystem. The rejection system further includes a feedback loop for providing the feedback signal to the interference subsystem based on the desired receive signal.

Abstract: A repeater having first and second communication terminals that receives signals at either of the terminals and transmits signals responsive to the received signals at the other of the terminals, comprising: a first signal processor that receives V.90 analogue data signals from the first terminal and generates bit streams responsive thereto that accurately reproduce the data in the analogue signals; a second signal processor; and a communication channel linking the first and second signal processors wherein the second signal processor receives the bit streams generated by the first signal processor via the communication channel and transmits V.90 PCM octets responsive thereto via the second terminal.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) network for improving the transmission of DSL signals over a local loop is disclosed. The DSL network includes a loop extender with communications, control, and diagnostic functionality, and a central office including a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) and a central office controller coupled to the loop extender via the local loop for controlling the loop extender.

Abstract: A Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) network for improving the transmission of DSL signals includes a plurality of local loops for transmission of upstream and downstream DSL signals, control signals, and Direct Current (DC) power, a plurality of loop extenders with communications, control, and diagnostic functionality for amplifying the DSL signals, a loop extender communications/power supply for receiving the DC power and control signals, providing DC power to the plurality of loop extenders, and broadcasting the received control signals to the plurality of loop extenders, and a central office controller/power supply for controlling access to the plurality of local loops and controlling the plurality of loop extenders.

Abstract: A multi-hop wireless, for example cellular, communications system is provided comprising a source equipment which may be one of a base station or an end user terminal for transmitting signals towards a destination equipment which may be the other of a base station or an end user terminal via at least one relay equipment. The relay equipment receives a plurality of signals transmitted from one or more source equipments of the system and from this plurality of signals selects a signal to relay. In this way the decision about which relays are included in which communication paths in the system is distributed to the relay equipments of the system, thus reducing the signalling overhead as compared with link state protocols which are typically used for routing in such multi-hop systems.

Abstract: A retransmission request signal creation section (119) outputs an ACK signal or NACK signal to a NACK signal counting section (120) based on the result of error detection by an error detection section (118), the NACK signal counting section (120) counts, for each communication mode, the number of NACK signals output (that is, the number of data retransmissions) before an ACK signal is output from the retransmission request signal creation section (119), and a table rewriting section (121) compares the number of retransmissions counted by the NACK signal counting section (120) with a predetermined threshold value for the number of retransmissions, and rewrites the contents of a communication mode table (102) based on the result of this comparison.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for long subscriber loops using automatic gain control. A method includes extending a digital subscriber loop including: producing an output signal in a first direction from a variable gain amplifier at a mid-span extender unit responsive to an input signal in the first direction from the digital subscriber loop; monitoring a signal strength of said output signal in the first direction at the mid-span extender unit; generating a gain control signal responsive to the signal strength at the mid-span extender unit; controlling a gain of the variable gain amplifier at the mid-span extender unit responsive to the gain control signal; and controlling a second gain of a second variable gain amplifier at said mid-span extender unit responsive to said gain control signal to produce an output signal in a second direction from said second variable gain amplifier at said mid-span extender unit responsive to a second input signal in said second direction from said digital subscriber loop.

Abstract: A radio relay apparatus including an outdoor relay unit formed of first and second receiving parts equipped out of doors and an indoor relay unit formed of third and fourth receiving parts, and a digital transmission line connecting the outdoor and indoor relay units enables radio communication even in a blind area such as an underground area and tunnel. In the first receiving part of the outdoor relay unit, a receiving antenna for receiving a high-frequency signal is integrally incorporated so as eliminate the transmission loss. The high-frequency analog signal is converted to its corresponding digital signal of a desired frequency band by a digital signal processor in the outdoor relay unit, and then, the digital signal thus obtained is transmitted to the indoor relay unit through the digital transmission line, so that high-quality radio communication can be accomplished.

Abstract: An adaptive wireless communication device employable in a wireless communication network having a base station and a method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the adaptive wireless communication device includes communication circuitry configured to transmit and receive messages. The adaptive wireless communication device also includes a relay coordinator configured to provide an adaptive relay path in cooperation with the base station for a message associated with a wireless communication device as a function of a characteristic of the message.

Abstract: A wireless digital telephone system containing at least one emulated base station plus one or more subscriber stations, the emulated base station comprising a station similar to the subscriber station but having the capability of initiating a synchronization process whereby it is enabled to assign time slots to the subscriber station within the frame pattern of an amplitude signal by means of monitoring for positive edges in the signal.

Abstract: When a mobile station communicates with a base station by way of one or a plurality of other mobile stations, the mobile station acting as a relay station determines whether the data demodulated after being received is reception data for the mobile station or transfer data to be transmitted to the other mobile station or the base station, decides a modulation mode suitable for transmitting sum data of the transfer data and transmission data if the transmission data is generated in the mobile station, and transmits the sum data while modulating the sum data according to the modulation mode decided. The base station demodulates a reception signal relayed by the mobile stations according to the modulation mode of the mobile station having directly communicated with the base station, and identifies each user data multiplexed.

Abstract: A single frequency relay station receives a signal from a master station, and retransmits it. Before retransmitting the signal, the relay station uses a digital filter to subtract from the signal components which arise from multipath interference and coupling interference. The coefficients used by the digital filter are derived from characteristics of the multipath interference and the overall transfer function of the relay station. These are derived by turning off the retransmission, so that the multipath interference can be estimated from the received signal, and commencing the retransmission again, to determine the transfer function. A simplified inverse fast Fourier transform is used to simplify the calculations.

Abstract: This invention is a wireless communication medium processing apparatus which carries out communication with a wireless communication medium, to carry out at least one of reading and writing as to information which was stored in the wireless communication medium, and has a plurality of antenna, a transmission divider which was connected to the plurality of antennas, and a reception compositor which was connected to the plurality of antennas, and is characterized in that the transmission divider divides an inputted signal to output the plurality of antennas, and the reception compositor combines signals from the plurality of antennas and outputs it.

Abstract: A modular cellular wireless communication base station includes a plurality of active radiator modules located at a desired antenna location. Each module includes at least one antenna, a transmitter, and a receiver. A beam forming network controls relative amplitudes and phases of each of the modules. An RF front end transmits over a low power link with the active radiator modules via the beam forming network and receives over the low power link via a low noise amplifier. A delay diversity module provides a transmission CDMA delay diversity.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for improving DSL performance, including ADSL and VDSL performance, over a local loop between a telephone company central office and a customer premises. In particular, a DSL repeater is coupled to the local loop and amplifies downstream and upstream DSL signals to at least partially compensate for DSL signal attenuation that occurs as DSL signals pass over the local loop. Pursuant to one embodiment, the DSL repeater includes a POTS load coil to improve the POTS, or voice band, transmission over the local loop. According to this embodiment, the DSL repeater provides both improved POTS band signal transmission and DSL service. One embodiment of the load coil includes a coupled inductor having compensating capacitors coupled thereto for counter-balancing the inter-winding capacitance of the coupled inductor. In another embodiment, the load coil includes a high intra-winding capacitance for counter-balancing the inter-winding capacitance of a coupled inductor.

Abstract: A method of transmitting digital signals which are passed via a communication system by means of a retimer between an input and an output, whereby according to the invention the data packet applied to the input is scanned with respect to the individual bits and within the individual bits and preferably at the center and the scanned data level is transmitted immediately to the output.

Abstract: A bidirectional long distance driver for Ethernet, named Ethernet Booster, is disclosed that comprises a forward transmission circuit and a backward transmission circuit, wherein each of the circuits includes Ethernet interface socket RJ45, an impedance matching circuit, power amplifying circuit and frequency compensation circuit. The booster is characterized in that the differential signals received from the Ethernet interface socket RJ45 in the forward/backward transmission circuits are sent to twisted-pair lines through the first impedance matching circuit, power amplifying circuit, the frequency compensation circuit and the second impedance matching circuit in turn. The advantage of the driver is that the booster can greatly enhance the transmission power of 10BASE-T by lengthening network segment distance to 350–500 m, and can decrease the cost greatly by dispensing with in-building switches and making full use of the resources of switches without any or with very few switch ports being wasted.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for a self-configuring repeater in a telecommunications network. The repeater receives data from a base transceiver station (BTS) via a downlink channel and sends data to the BTS via an uplink channel. The repeater compares the power level of a downlink signal (such as a pilot signal) to a reference power level. If the downlink signal's power level does not fall within a predetermined range relative to the reference power level, a comparator inside the repeater adjusts the received signal's power level by altering a gain of a downlink amplifier chain until the downlink signal's power level falls within the predetermined range. The comparator then applies the same gain to an uplink amplifier chain. In this way, the pilot signal's power level can be utilized to control the uplink noise level at the BTS.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for re-transmitting single frequency signals and a single frequency signal repeater, where coupling occurs between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and where the process is of the type used in a single frequency signal repeater and comprises the steps of: [a] receiving a first radio frequency signal having a particular receiving power, [b] optionally converting said first radio frequency signal into a process signal, [c] filtering, amplification and automatically controlling the gain of said signal, [d] canceling said coupling between said transmitting antenna and said receiving antenna, [e] reconverting, as the case may be, said process signal into a second radio frequency signal, [f] amplifying the power of said second radio frequency signal, [g] output filtering, and [g] transmission.

Abstract: A method includes receiving an indication of incoming data from a first serial bus and buffering the bits to accommodate a difference between a first rate of the incoming data and a second rate of outgoing data. During the buffering, the method includes detecting if at least some of the bits indicate a synchronization field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data regenerator and an optical receiver with low power consumption. The data regenerator comprises a data decision circuit, a decision parameter generator circuit, a decision parameter control circuit and a power control circuit. The data decision circuit decides data included in an input signal using decision parameters. The decision parameters are generated in the parameter generator. The decision parameters are specified by the parameter control. The parameter control operates only when receiving operating power. The power supply to the parameter control is controlled by the power control. Since power is supplied to the parameter control only when it is necessary to update the parameters, power consumption is reduced.

Abstract: Signals with transmission frequencies from hand sets are received by a receiver. The whole frequency spectrum including the received signals whose frequency is converted by the receivers inverted by a signal processor. Then, the received signals included in the frequency spectrum inverted by the signal processor is converted by a transmitter and retransmitted as signals with reception frequencies of the hand sets. By using this communication apparatus, a communication system with fixed duplex intervals can be employed with a simple configuration at a low cost, transmission/reception frequencies can be readily set and duplex conversation between hand sets can be achieved.

Abstract: A repeater amplifier boosts weak control signals on a PLC network, with noise discrimination and signal firewall protection. The AC supply voltage is filtered by a high frequency blocking filter to block external noise signals. Operating power for network signaling devices and the repeater amplifier is derived from the clean AC supply voltage. Noise discrimination and signal firewall protection are provided by amplifying and repeating only those receiver pulse signals that (a) have an analog amplitude that exceeds a predetermined analog threshold value, (b) occur during intervals that control data signal modulation is being applied to the filtered AC supply voltage and (c) occur at a frequency within a predetermined frequency band centered on the transmitted power line carrier (PLC) modulation frequency.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward improving the subjective voice quality of a mobile to mobile phone call having tandem vocoder processing by modifying the spectrum of the voice signal before it is processed by the second vocoder to compensate for digital distortion which is generated by the second vocoder. An adaptive filter can be used to modify the spectrum of the voice signal. With this invention, the voice quality of a call from a first mobile phone to a second mobile phone has a quality that is substantially similar to the voice quality of a call from a mobile phone to a desk phone.

Abstract: A retransmission request signal creation section (119) outputs an ACK signal or NACK signal to a NACK signal counting section(120) based on the result of error detection by an error detection section(118), the NACK signal counting section(120) counts, for each communication mode, the number of NACK signals output (that is, the number of data retransmissions) before an ACK signal is output from the retransmission request signal creation section(119), and a table rewriting section(121) compares the number of retransmissions counted by the NACK signal counting section(120) with a predetermined threshold value for the number of retransmissions, and rewrites the contents of a communication mode table(102) based on the result of this comparison.

Abstract: A method reduces power consumption in a multi-hop wireless communications network including a plurality of nodes. At a source node, a first power requirement for relaying a signal to a destination node through an intermediate node using an amplification mode is determined. A second power requirement for relaying the signal the destination node through the intermediate node using a regeneration mode is also determined at the source node. A relay request message is transmitted to the intermediate node, the relay request message including the first and second power requirements.

Abstract: An apparatus for handling high speed data communication signals in at least one input channel. Each communication signal is encoded in signal excursions in at least one predetermined format. The apparatus includes: (a) at least one input locus coupled with each input channel for receiving the signals; (b) at least one output locus for presenting selected communication signals in a desired format in at least one output channel; and (c) a plurality of treating circuits for treating the signal excursions in a plurality of formats that include the predetermined format and the desired format. Each treating circuit is coupled with at least one respective input locus and at least one respective output locus. The apparatus presents sufficiently low capacitance between input loci and output loci to impart substantially zero time delay to the communication signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for improving DSL performance, including ADSL and VDSL performance, over a local loop between a telephone company central office and a customer premises. In particular, a loop extender is coupled to the local loop and differentially amplifies downstream and upstream DSL signals to at least partially compensate for DSL signal attenuation that occurs as DSL signals pass over the local loop. Pursuant to one embodiment, the loop extender includes an upstream filter/amplifying equalizer, a downstream filter/amplifying equalizer, a differential amplifier pair, an inverting amplifier, and a pair of electromagnetic hybrids, which couple the loop extender to the loop and provide upstream and downstream signal amplification. In another embodiment, the loop extender includes POTS loading coils to improve the POTS or voice band transmission over the local loop. According to this embodiment, the loop extender provides both improved POTS band signal transmission and DSL service.

Abstract: A repeater system for receiving a modulated input signal and for transmitting a modulated output signal comprising a clock oscillator for providing a repeater system clock, a demodulator for demodulating an input signal and a modulator for modulating the demodulated signal to obtain a modulated signal. The demodulator comprises a first mixer, a first controllable oscillator and a feedback circuit, the first controllable oscillator being controlled by a first control value such that the frequency of the demodulated signal approaches a desired value. The modulator comprises a second mixer and a second controllable oscillator, the second controllable oscillator being controlled by a second control value such that the modulated output signal has a predetermined output frequency. A controller derives the second control value.

Abstract: A remote maintenance repeater is used in a remote monitoring system. A command receiving unit receives a command from the monitoring apparatus. A destination selecting unit selects a transfer destination device to which the command received is transferred. A command transmitting unit transmits the command to the transfer destination device selected, at a specific frequency specific to the transfer destination device. A result receiving unit receives a result of execution of the command from the transfer destination device at the specific frequency. A result transmitting unit transmits the result to the monitoring apparatus.

Abstract: Self-interference cancellation is provided in two-way relayed electromagnetic communication between a first device and a second device through a relay station wherein a representation of a relayed composite signal above baseband and a representation of a locally modulated interface signal above baseband interact to effect the self-interference cancellation. Specifically, the composite signal, which contains a relayed version of the locally modulated (near) signal from the first device and a relayed version of a modulated far signal from the second device, is received at the first device from the relay station. The composite signal is then provided in a representation as a first interface signal at a first frequency at or above baseband to a canceler module of the first device and a representation of the modulated near signal at a second frequency above baseband is provided as a second interface signal to the canceler module.

Abstract: A relay station is composed of a main reception antenna 1 for receiving both a radio wave of a parent station and a go-around radio wave of a relay station, a subsidiary reception antenna 2 for receiving the go-around radio wave of the relay station, a changeable attenuator 3 and a phase shifting unit 4 for changing an amplitude and phase of a signal received in the subsidiary reception antenna 2, a composite signal producing unit 5 for producing a composite signal from a signal received in the main reception antenna 1 and the signal sent from the phase shifting unit 4, an electric power detecting unit 9 for obtaining a composite electric power from a composite voltage extracted in a directivity coupling unit 8, and a microcomputer 10 for controlling a change of amplitude in the changeable attenuator 3 and a change of phase in the phase shifting unit 4 so as to minimize an average value of the composite electric power obtained in the electric power detecting unit 9.

Abstract: A system and method for providing cancellation of interference in a repeater configuration is disclosed, wherein the repeater is located between a first endpoint and a second endpoint. A data signal received from the first end point is amplified in accordance with an amount of power required to drive the data signal to the second endpoint. Local echo introduced by the repeater is then removed from the amplified data signal. Coupled signals introduced by the repeater are then removed after which the data signal is transmitted to the second endpoint.

Abstract: A satellite communications system provides an information channel between remotely located transmitters and receivers. A virtual satellite system provides the same service, but divides the signal either in power or in data content into subchannels such that any particular signal is conducted to the intended receiver via a plurality of traditional satellite channels. The receiving terminal accepts the plurality of signals simultaneously from a possible plurality of satellites, combining the subchannels comprising the virtual channel into the original signal content as if conducted via a single channel. The receiving antenna system receives satellite subchannel signals from a plurality of directions using multiple antennas or a single antenna with multi-direction capability. Prior to signal combining, the receiver necessarily time-synchronizes the plurality of subchannels by introducing time delay in some channels before combining the subsignals into the original composite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for connecting antennas to ports of a transceiver unit in a base station. By using two circulators and a four port sputter a more flexible small base station is attained. The arrangement provides, at a low extra cost, the capability of adding an auxiliary transceiver unit to the base station.

Abstract: An arrangement for secure repeater communication in an IEEE 802.3 network by transmitting transmit data and a transmit enable signal on a selected repeater port based on an address lookup table in the repeater core. The other repeater ports that do not have a network address corresponding to the destination address of data packet receive corrupted data generated in response to signals from the respective repeater ports. The repeater ports cause generation of corrupted data by concurrently outputting an asserted transmit error signal and an unasserted transmit enable signal on the corresponding media independent interface. A physical layer transceiver, upon detecting the concurrent assertion of the transmit error signal and the deassertion of the transmit enable signal on the media independent interface, selectively outputs a prescribed data pattern as the transmit data to the network node.

Abstract: A bus-repeater for coupling at least one first bus with a second bus, by way of which data may be transmitted in the form of serial digital signal pulse sequences and including at least one first and a second transmit-receive device, with which the first and, respectively, the second bus may be coupled and by way of which the bus-repeater may transmit signal pulse sequences, received via the first bus on the second bus, and vice versa. In accordance with the invention the bus-repeater includes locking device, which during transmission of a signal pulse received from the first bus to the second bus lock transmission by the bus-repeater of signal pulses, received from the second bus, via the first bus for a transmission locking time and vice versa.

Abstract: An improvement in a network is described where messages are communicated over different somewhat unconnected branches of a network. The invention is used where the messages cause radio frequency radiation from lines in the network which typically is unintended. The radiation from one branch is sensed and the signal representing the radiation is coupled into the other branch by a direct electrical connection to the other branch. A mechanism is provided to prevent undesirable rebroadcasting of messages.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for estimating a first wireless communication channel (FWCC) transmitting a data stream from a first antenna system (FAS) to a second antenna system (SAS) in a telecommunication system, the telecommunication system having a second wireless communication channel (SWCC) for transmitting data from the MT to the antenna. First, one or more characteristics of the SWCC (SWCC Characteristics) are analyzed based on the data stream received by the antenna system from the MT. From the data stream received, an initial condition of the FWCC is also extracted.

Abstract: A transmitter outputs a radio signal formed from a first baseband signal incorporating a synchronization signal. The recipient obtains a second baseband signal from the received radio signal, detects the synchronization signal in a portion of the second baseband signal in order to compute synchronization parameters and/or parameters for estimating a radio transmission channel, and uses the computed parameters to demodulate another portion of the second baseband signal and extract the transmitted information from it. The synchronization signal contains a synchronization pattern selected by the transmitter on the basis of signalling information to be supplied to the second station. The receiver searches several patterns in the second baseband signal in order to obtain the signalling information depending on the detected pattern.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for digital subscriber loop repeaters. A method of transforming a digital subscriber loop signals includes increasing a gain with a digital subscriber loop repeater including: isolating an upstream signal band by passing an upstream signal through an upstream pass filter; amplifying the isolated upstream signal with an upstream amplifier; isolating a downstream signal band by passing a downstream signal through a downstream pass filter; and amplifying the isolated downstream signal with a downstream amplifier. The systems and methods provide advantages because DSL can be provided over long loops and/or over coil loaded loops.

Abstract: When a base station 205 employs frequencies f1, f2 and f3, repeaters 201 to 204 provided with filters passing only f1 are placed. According to this configuration, repeater apparatus causes only f1 to be passed to reach in the distance so as to enlarge cells 207 to 210 according to only specific channel (frequency f1).

Abstract: A forward link repeater frequency watermarking (FLRFWM) system and method that enable accurate position location of mobile stations in areas where repeaters are present by watermarking repeated signals with repeater information. A repeater watermarks a forward link signal with a (unique or non-unique) fast frequency modulation waveform watermark every time a signal passes through the repeater. A mobile station detects and/or identifies the fast frequency watermark on the forward link signal to determine repeater information that aids the network position determination entity or mobile station position location system in determining position location using AFLT and/or A-GPS systems. A forward link fast frequency watermarking system described herein achieves minimal impact on FL, AFLT, and GPS performance, good detection, identification and false alarm probabilities, short time-to-detect/identify, and good detection/identification sensitivity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus capable of restricting the resending operation are disclosed, in which the resending operation is controlled by determining the conditions of the input signal from a movable transmitting end, based on the guard interval period set in the signal to be resent, thereby resending only a valid transmission signal. Once an input signal is supplied from the movable transmitting end to the resending apparatus, a guard information detector determines whether the input signal is to be resent or not, based on the degree of correlation of the guard interval period, and controls the operation of a voltage-controlled amplifier, thereby resending only a valid transmission signal. This determination is made based on the degree of correlation between a signal converted from the input signal and the guard interval period of the signal delayed from the converted signal.

Abstract: A flat-panel repeater includes a housing having a pair of oppositely facing surfaces, at least one antenna element mounted to each of the surfaces for radiating energy in a direction opposite to that of an antenna element mounted to the other of the surfaces, and an electronic circuit mounted within the housing and operatively coupling signals between at least one antenna element on each of the oppositely facing surfaces of the module. Isolation between the antennas on opposite sides of the repeater is improved by various techniques, such as use of adaptive cancellation which removes a significant portion of the feedback signal power, therefore increasing the total system isolation by the same amount. This additional isolation can be used to achieve greater system gain, and therefore significantly extend the range of the system.

Abstract: A Universal Serial Bus repeater is provided, comprising a method and apparatus for detecting a specified data pattern and regenerating or retransmitting the recognized data pattern. In some embodiments, the invention recognizes an end of sync signal, and is operable to retransmit the end of sync signal and the following data that is presumed to be valid as a result of sync recognition. In other embodiments, the invention recognizes and retransmits a properly aligned end of packet signal, the size of which is dependent on detection of whether the end of packet signal is a part of a start of frame packet.

Abstract: A wireless digital telephone system containing at least one emulated base station plus one or more subscriber stations, the emulated base station comprising a station similar to the subscriber station but having the capability of initiating a synchronization process whereby it is enabled to assign time slots to the subscriber station within the frame pattern of an amplitude signal by means of monitoring for positive edges in the signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a repeater located at a global input/output (GIO) line. The repeater buffers and transmits data between a data pad and a plurality of banks. The semiconductor memory device also includes a repeater control unit adapted to control the operation of the repeater in response to a read/write command associated with one of the plurality of banks. When a read or write operation is performed for the banks located farthest from the data pads, the repeater on the GIO line buffers the GIO signal, and thereby reduces the load of the GIO line, decreases the delay of the GIO signal, and improves the slope of the GIO signal. As a result, the semiconductor memory device is useful during high speed operations.