Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the presence of pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the central nervous system (CNS) includes a digital computer, a speaker unit and a microphone unit. The digital computer is programmed with generally available software which is capable of generating a spectrum of sound and receiving microphone data. The software is able to receive microphone signals and represent resulting data in graphical form showing sound intensity in dB as a function of frequency in kHz. An operator places the speaker and the microphone on the subject's body so that sound travels through at least a portion of the CNS, runs the software, and collects the resulting sound propagation data. If the propagation of sound through the CNS is indicative of altered CSF or CNS, then a disease state is suspected.

Abstract: A wireless RF data transmission system has at least one base station transmitting control information on a control channel and high speed data on at least one data channel. At least one subscriber station receives the control information and data channels, adjusting a modulation and/or coding of reception of the data in response to the control information. Preferably, the control information is transmitted using a more robust modulation, such as QPSK, than used to transmit the data, which is preferably transmitted using either 16, 64 or 256 QAM. Additionally, timing or header information for the date may be included on the control channel.

Abstract: A network switch includes a plurality of ports to communicate via a communication channel. Each of the plurality of ports includes an auto-negotiation circuit to negotiate a first data transmission rate with a network device in communication with the network switch via the communication channel, a transceiver circuit to receive, from the network switch, data via the communication channel at the negotiated first data transmission rate, and a transmitter/encoder circuit. The transmitter/encoder circuit is to receive the negotiated first data transmission rate from the auto-negotiation circuit, receive the data from the transceiver circuit, and selectively replicate portions of the data received from the transceiver circuit to transmit the data at a second data transmission rate that is different from the negotiated first data transmission rate.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the presence of pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the central nervous system (CNS) includes a digital computer, a speaker unit and a microphone unit. The digital computer is programmed with generally available software which is capable of generating a spectrum of sound and receiving microphone data. The software is able to receive microphone signals and represent resulting data in graphical form showing sound intensity in dB as a function of frequency in kHz. An operator places the speaker and the microphone on the subject's body so that sound travels through at least a portion of the CNS, runs the software, and collects the resulting sound propagation data. If the propagation of sound through the CNS is indicative of altered CSF or CNS, then a disease state is suspected.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for modulating data for optical transmissions and demodulating data from optical transmissions. During modulation, bits are mapped to symbols using an 8-ary modulation scheme. The modulation scheme may be based on 8 Phase Shift Keying (8-PSK), Dual Polarization 8-PSK, or 7-1 PSK for which one of the symbols is located at or near the origin of the constellation. Streams with the symbol-mapped bits are modulated onto a waveform in the digital domain that is converted into a waveform in the analog domain before is output for conversion to an optical signal. The streams may be filtered at baseband with at least one discrete pulse-shaping filter. During demodulation, pulse-shaped data received from an optical signal and comprising symbol-mapped bits based on the 8-ary modulation scheme is sampled. The sampled data is filtered with at least one discrete pulse-shaping filter, and then equalized and demodulated.

Abstract: A transceiver for receiving multiple desired signals is described. The transceiver includes a first downconverter that receives a first received signal. The transceiver also includes a second downconverter that receives the first received signal. The transceiver further includes a first adder that receives an output of the first downconverter and a second received signal. The transceiver also includes a second adder that receives an output of the second downconverter.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for probing a communication channel. These systems and methods transmit an error vector probe packet from a first transmitter while a second transmitter is active and transmitting. A network device may receive the error vector probe packet and measure an error vector magnitude based on the received error vector probe packet. Using the error vector magnitude, the network device estimates channel characteristics such as signal-to-noise ratio, data capacity, etc. The transmission can occur when more than one transmitter is active and transmitting. At least some of the other transmitters are active and transmit an analog zero signal, e.g., all digital zeros on the input to the digital-to-analog converter of a network device when an error vector probe packet is transmitted.

Abstract: A method and a highway addressable remote transducer (HART) soft modem device for modulating and demodulating one or more analog signals with HART messages are provided. A phase coherent frequency shift keying (FSK) modulator modulates and transmits the analog signals, and a phase coherent FSK demodulator receives and demodulates the analog signals. The FSK modulator outputs 1 or 0 for transmission. With oversampling and low pass filtering, digital modulation performed by the FSK modulator results in low jitter and a good signal to noise ratio. The FSK demodulator applies a fast energy detect algorithm and dynamically reduces or increases a clock speed of a central processing unit (CPU) of the HART soft modem device for reducing power consumption of the CPU. Furthermore, the HART soft modem device uses direct memory access and runs multiple instances of a HART soft modem integrated within a microcontroller to reduce an overall power consumption.

Abstract: A system and method for data communication over a cellular communications network that allows the transmission of digital data over a voice channel using a vocoder that monitors parameters of a Levinson Durbin recursion and then uses full rate CELP if the monitored prediction error falls to below a predetermined threshold within a pre-selected number of iterations of the recursion. The system and method encode digital data to be transmitted using a continuous signal modulation technique at a selected bit rate and one or more frequencies that are selected such that the resulting modulated carrier signal is processed by the vocoder using full rate CELP as a result of the monitored prediction error.

Abstract: A transceiver with non-deterministic delay characteristics is analyzed and adjusted to provide a transceiver with deterministic delay characteristics. The transceiver may be implemented with a variety of device types to support high bandwidth operation over a wide range of frequencies. Deterministic behavior allows use of the transceiver in source synchronous interfaces. The transceiver may also be dynamically analyzed and adjusted during operation as operation frequency changes.

Abstract: A digital radio module comprises a modular architecture for use in a multi-band multi-standard radio communication apparatus. The digital radio module comprises one or more digital transmitter sub modules, each digital transmitter sub module comprising a plurality of digital transmitter chains, and one or more digital receiver sub modules, each digital receiver sub module comprising a plurality of digital receiver chains. Each of the digital transmitter sub modules and digital receiver sub modules comprises a respective control unit for individually configuring each digital transmitter sub module and digital receiver sub module such that the digital radio module is operable to transmit and/or receive multiple different carrier frequency signals in one or more different modes of operation.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a system for eliminating aliasing noise in a multi-carrier modulation system are disclosed. The method includes: acquiring a first power spectrum density template; acquiring information of in-band subcarriers whose aliasing noise is greater than background noise, and acquiring a difference between the aliasing noise and the background noise of the in-band subcarriers; adjusting the first power spectrum density template according to the information of the in-band subcarriers and the corresponding difference to obtain a second power spectrum density template; and sending signals according to the second power spectrum density template. The method, the apparatus, and the system disclosed herein eliminate the aliasing crosstalk noise, improve the performance and stability of in-band services without involving upgrade or modification of the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), and are easy to implement.

Abstract: A system and method of frequency offset compensation are disclosed for a wireless system between a fast moving radio terminal associated with a locomotive and a stationary radio terminal associated with a base station. The present invention utilizes advanced frequency offset prediction to quickly track Doppler Shift caused by a fast moving locomotive. In one embodiment according to the present invention, the frequency offset prediction is based on a first plurality of coarse frequency offsets, first-order derivatives of the first plurality of coarse frequency offsets, and second-order derivatives of the first plurality of coarse frequency offsets. In another embodiment according to the present invention, the frequency offset prediction is based on a plurality of previous frequency offsets according to a Doppler shift model.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of inserting a secondary stream of binary information into a main symbol stream of at least one standard digital modulation. The stream to be transmitted resulting from the insertion of the secondary stream in the main stream is a symbol stream of a modified digital modulation. The stream to be transmitted has the same symbol rate as the main stream. The sequence of symbols of the stream to be transmitted is encoded according, cumulatively, to a first condition over at least two consecutive symbols of the main stream, on the one hand; and to a second condition on a current bit or a plurality of current bits of the secondary stream, on the other hand.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for communicating on a pilot wire between Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) and an Electric Vehicle (EV). The EVSE and EV exchange a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal on the pilot wire to control charging operations of the EV. Data communications may also be transmitted on the pilot wire, such as between transmit and receive modems. The modems transmit communication signals either continuously, without regard to the state of the PWM signal, or only when the PWM is in an off-state. If transmitting while PWM is on, the modem needs a large coupling impedance and/or a large signal injection. To transmit only when the PWM is off, the modem may use a blocking diode in the coupling circuit or may synchronize to the pulses in the PWM signal.

Abstract: In an FSK receiver according to the present invention, a correction operation for a DC offset component is performed based on a maximum value and a minimum value of a demodulation signal. If a difference between the maximum and minimum values is less than a predetermined threshold value TH1, the correction operation is halted. Thus, the FSK receiver can rapidly perform an appropriate offset removal from a multi-level FSK signal.

Abstract: A burst processing modem. Implementations may include a receive side including a channelizer adapted to process a plurality of channels and write a plurality of frames to a receive RAM array. A receive frame state machine may be adapted to generate a timing signal using a burst time plan for the plurality of frames. A demodulator may be coupled with the receive RAM array and adapted to read from the receive RAM array only the one or more bursts from the plurality of frames indicated by the timing signal. A transmit side may include a modulator coupled with a transmit frame state machine, with a transmit RAM array, and a combiner bank. The combiner bank may read the modulated plurality of channels from the transmit RAM array and assemble a plurality of frames using a timing signal generated from a burst time plan by the transmit frame state machine.

Abstract: A system and method for providing upstream adaptive modulation. Burst parameters associated with a range of data interval usage codes (IUCs) are defined. Each of the data IUCs has a different modulation order and forward error correction (FEC). The SNR and codeword error rate for each satellite modem in the network are monitored. The data IUCs are dynamically assigned to different satellite modems within an upstream channel based on SNR and/or codeword error rate to enable each of the satellite modems in the upstream channel to achieve maximum bandwidth efficiency during upstream data transmissions. Bandwidth requests are received from the satellite modems and granted. The grant includes the assigned data IUC. The data bursts received in the upstream channel are each processed using the parameters from the assigned IUC for each of the satellite modems sending data in the upstream channel.

Abstract: A packet forwarding unit such as a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) receives Ethernet packets carrying real-time information and forwards the information therein on output lines such as Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSLs). The DSLAM includes a clock device having an extraction unit and an adaptive clock. The extraction unit analyzes received packets to select streams of received packets from one destination to one user, and the adaptive clock generates a reference clock signal according to the arrival times of packets in the selected streams. The clock signal is sent to time reference units in DSL modems for the output lines.

Abstract: There is provided a solution for dual channel transmission in a radio communication device. Both transmission signals to be transmitted on different channels are mixed two times by using oscillator signals having the same frequencies for both transmission signals, and the transmission circuitry is arranged to process the signals so that the transmission signals are nevertheless up-converted to different frequency channels.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a data communication technique which can reduce a size of a system by enabling bidirectional data communication, and enables a cheap system configuration.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising transceiver circuitry configured to obtain a data unit received over an air interface, the air interface comprising first and second radio resources, logic circuitry configured to determine whether the data unit was received over the first radio resources or the second radio resources and responsive to a determination that the data unit was received over the first radio resources, process the data unit without interference cancellation and responsive to a determination that the data unit was received over the second radio resources, process the data unit using interference cancellation.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a) a first device having a transmitter part with a Tx-antenna for transmitting an electrical signal having a signal bandwidth BWsig and b) a second device having a receiver part with an Rx-antenna for receiving the transmitted electromagnetic signal. At least one of the Tx- and Rx- antennas is a narrowband antenna having an antenna bandwidth BWant, wherein the Tx- and/or Rx-antenna bandwidths fulfil the relation BWant=k·BWsig. The system is adapted to provide that k is smaller than 1.25, and the antenna bandwidth BWant is defined as the ?3dB bandwidth of the loaded antenna when it is connected to the communication system, and the signal bandwidth BWsig is defined as the bandwidth within which 99% of the desired signal power is located.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to multi-mode RF circuitry using a single IQ modulator topology that may support different communication standards, including enhanced data rates for global system for mobile communications evolution (EDGE) and EDGE evolution by dividing certain modulation functions between a frequency synthesizer and an IQ modulator. Specifically, during a standard modulation mode, which may be used to support many communications standards, the frequency synthesizer provides an un-modulated RF carrier signal to the IQ modulator, which either phase modulates or phase and amplitude modulates the un-modulated RF carrier signal to provide a standard modulated RF signal.

Abstract: Wireless communication apparatus adopting a time division duplex system for transmission and reception using plural antennas, deviation of amplitude and phase occurring between transmission and reception circuits is detected and corrected using a communication signal. Channel estimation means detects channel information based on reception output of N reception circuits having a one-to-one correspondence with N antennas. Correction value detection means finds a correction value for correcting deviation occurring between each of N transmission circuits and each of the N reception circuits based on the channel information. A wireless communication apparatus transmits an already known signal (training signal) to a base station with which the wireless communication apparatus conducts communications. The base station executes channel estimation based on the already known signal and generates and transmits a correction signal (probe signal).

Abstract: A method of generating preamble sequence is disclosed. A channel used by a wireless device may be divided into four sub-channels, and the method includes forming a preamble sequence of a first sub-channel, making three replicas of the preamble sequence of the first sub-channel, each replica with a phase rotation of a first angle, a second angle, and a third angle respectively, for forming each preamble sequence of a second sub-channel, a third sub-channel, and a fourth sub-channel, and arranging the preamble sequences of the first, the second, the third, and the fourth sub-channels to form a preamble sequence of the channel.

Abstract: Phase of an output signal is based on comparison of an oscillating signal with an adjustable threshold. Here, adjustment of the threshold results in a corresponding adjustment of the phase of the output signal. For example, the adjustable threshold may comprise an adjustable bias signal for a transistor circuit whereby the oscillating signal is provided as an input to the transistor circuit and the output of the transistor circuit provides the output signal. In some aspects these phase adjustment techniques may be employed to provide one or more tunable multiphase clocks.

Abstract: Wireless devices and techniques providing improved system acquisition in an environment of multiple co-existing technologies over a common frequency band are disclosed. In one aspect, at a remote terminal, a power spectral distribution (PSD) of received signals is sequentially measured in contiguous segments of a frequency band of interest. One or more characteristics of the measured PSD is compared to at least one predetermined metric to identify the presence or absence of at least one technology type of the received signals in frequency locations across the band. A system acquisition operation is performed in accordance with the identification, such as a tailored scan of channels at locations where a desired technology is identified.

Abstract: Precise operation of an accelerator operating member (7) is more difficult to perform in a reversing operation of a vehicle (1) as compared with an advancing operation. Therefore, behavior of the vehicle (1) is not smooth and thus tends to be unnatural. In the reversing operation of the vehicle (1), driving force output from an internal combustion engine (2) is limited in accordance with vehicle acceleration (D). At this time, it is possible to regulate the driving force of the vehicle (1) in conformity to the actual operation of the accelerator operating member (7) by the driver. In addition, limitation of the driving force is not executed in the advancing operation of the vehicle (1). At this time, the vehicle (1) can be driven in a state in which the driving force is comparatively small. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the behavior of the vehicle (1) from being unnatural.

Abstract: Testing a plurality of communication devices. A plurality of signals may be received from the plurality of communication devices. The plurality of signals may include a signal from each of the plurality of communication devices, where a first subset of the plurality of signals has a different frequency than a second subset of the plurality of signals. The received signals may be combined into a combined signal. The combined signal may be downconverted to a combined signal, e.g., by mixing the combined signal with an output from at least one local oscillator. The downconverting may generate a plurality of lower frequency signals, each corresponding to one of the plurality of received signals. Testing may be performed on each of the plurality of lower frequency signals.

Abstract: An encoding device reduces the encoding distortion as compared to the conventional technique and obtains a preferable sound quality for auditory sense. In the encoding device, a shape quantization unit quantizes the shape of an input spectrum with a small number of pulse positions and polarities. The shape quantization unit sets a pulse amplitude width to be searched later upon search of the pulse position to a value not greater than the pulse amplitude width which has been searched previously. A gain quantization unit calculates a gain of a pulse searched by the shape quantization unit for each of bands.

Abstract: A micro-controller to perform the FSK (HART) modem functions as well as communications and control functions in an isolated channel implementation is described. In one embodiment, the micro-controller comprises: a processor, an analog-to-digital converter configured to transform received analog signals into digital values at a predetermined digital sample rate; and a memory unit containing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed on the processor, provide a built-in FSK bi-directional modem function that converts the received digital values into binary signals. The FSK (HART) demodulation function is performed by the micro-controller with the built-in FSK modem function in three sequential phases implemented in computer code: (1) zero crossing and amplitude detection; (2) bit stream and timing generation, and (3) character generation and bit synchronization.

Abstract: An access node of a communication system comprises a plurality of transmitters adapted for communication with at least one receiver. The access node is operative to simultaneously estimate channel coefficients between multiple ones of the transmitters and the receiver, and to utilize the estimated channel coefficients to control at least one data signal sent by at least one of the multiple transmitters to the receiver. In the process of simultaneously estimating the channel coefficients, the access node transmits a plurality of distinct probing signals generated based on respective ones of a plurality of different frequency expansions. For example, each of the distinct probing signals may be generated based on a distinct combination of a common probing sequence and a selected one of the plurality of different frequency expansions.

Abstract: A beamforming system that can be used for both receive and transmit beamforming is provided. The system receives samples of a number of signals, each sample containing a band of frequencies and routes all sampled signals associated with the same beamformed frequency band to a predetermined processing block. A predetermined number of the routed sampled signals are selected sequentially according to predetermined criteria, weighted and accumulated to form a composite signal. Individual signals are then selected from the composite signal and routed to an appropriate output. The system uses a much smaller number of weighting functions than conventionally required, with processing for a single frequency being performed in the same processing block. This reduces the complexity of beamforming processing substantially and simplifies frequency reuse. In addition a single DSP design that works for both transmit and receive beamforming can be implemented.

Abstract: An access node of a communication system comprises a plurality of transmitters adapted for communication with at least one receiver. The access node is operative to simultaneously estimate channel coefficients between multiple ones of the transmitters and the receiver, and to utilize the estimated channel coefficients to control at least one data signal sent by at least one of the multiple transmitters to the receiver. In the process of simultaneously estimating the channel coefficients, the access node transmits a plurality of distinct probing signals, each of which is generated based on a distinct combination of a common probing sequence and a selected one of a plurality of different frequency expansions. The access node may comprise at least a portion of at least one central office of a DSL communication system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for reducing effects of impulse noise in a DSL transmitter receiver device are described. According to certain embodiment, the method includes using a periodicity associated with the impulse noise affecting a DSL transmitter receiver device to determine data frames that are affected by the impulse noise, and sending a reduced data rate during those frames. In certain embodiments, no data is sent during those frames. The method further includes using a high margin bits and gain table, instead of a normal bits and gain table.

Abstract: In a wireless communication apparatus adopting a time division duplex system for executing transmission and reception using a plurality of antennas, deviation of amplitude and phase occurring between transmission and reception circuits is detected and corrected using a communication signal. Channel estimation means 105 detects channel information based on reception output of reception circuits 104-1 to 104-N provided in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of antennas 101-1 to 101-N. Correction value detection means 110 finds a correction value for correcting deviation occurring between each of transmission circuits 103-1 to 103-N and each of the reception circuits 104-1 to 104-N based on the channel information. A wireless communication apparatus 100 transmits an already known signal (training signal) to a base station with which the wireless communication apparatus conducts communications.

Abstract: A wireless communications device comprising duplexing means for directing signals from a transmit path towards an antenna and for providing signals from the antenna to a receive path, wherein the transmit path is arranged to send a first signal to the duplexing means, the receive path is arranged to recover a second signal and the device further comprises detecting means for detecting the presence in the receive path of a third signal that will interact with the first signal to produce intermodulation distortion tending to hamper recovery of the second signal and control means responsive to the detecting means for enhancing linearity in the receive path to reduce said intermodulation distortion.

Abstract: One or more counter units of a data acquisition device used to perform sampling operations. Each of the counter units is configurable to operate in a selected one of a plurality of modes. During operation, at least one of the counter units may receive a measurement signal (or input signal) acquired by the data acquisition device and also a sample clock signal. The counter unit may sample the measurement signal based on the selected operational mode and timing of the sample clock, and at a rate that is independent of the frequency of the measurement signal. Furthermore, the counter unit may sample the measurement signal based on a selected one of a plurality of timing modes associated with the sample clock signal. The counter units may take samples of the measurement signal to perform at least one of the following types of measurements: period, frequency, pulse-width, semi-period, time separation, or event counting.

Abstract: A burst processing modem. Implementations may include a receive side including a channelizer adapted to process a plurality of channels and write a plurality of frames to a receive RAM array. A receive frame state machine may be adapted to generate a timing signal using a burst time plan for the plurality of frames. A demodulator may be coupled with the receive RAM array and adapted to read from the receive RAM array only the one or more bursts from the plurality of frames indicated by the timing signal. A transmit side may include a modulator coupled with a transmit frame state machine, with a transmit RAM array, and a combiner bank. The combiner bank may read the modulated plurality of channels from the transmit RAM array and assemble a plurality of frames using a timing signal generated from a burst time plan by the transmit frame state machine.

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of modules which are configured for determining a suitable impedance for a modem. The plurality of modules send signals with a plurality of signal frequencies to a telephone and receive feedback signals from the telephone under each of a plurality of impedances of the modem, compute a total decibel value of the feedbacks under each impedance, and determine a suitable impedance according to a minimum total decibel value from the plurality of total decibel values.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention is a method that includes transferring data at an initial mode from a transmitter to a receiver, determining a suggested mode based on the data transferred and determining a count of the data transferred from the transmitter to the receiver. The method also includes transferring the suggested mode and the count to the transmitter and determining a pending mode based on the suggested mode and the count.

Abstract: Frequency and phase of an output signal is adjusted to track an input signal. A control signal is adjusted to control a frequency of an oscillating signal from which the output signal is derived. In some aspects the frequency of the oscillating signal is adjusted by reconfiguration of reactive circuits coupled to an oscillator circuit. Phase of the output signal may be adjusted based on comparison of the oscillating signal with an adjustable threshold. For example, the adjustable threshold may comprise an adjustable bias signal for a transistor circuit whereby the oscillating signal is provided as an input to the transistor circuit and the output of the transistor circuit provides the output signal.

Abstract: A signal processing system is disclosed. The system includes: a first synthesizer and a second synthesizer, for respectively generating a first frequency and a second frequency; a first RF circuit; a first analog front end (AFE); a second RF circuit; and a second AFE, wherein the first RF circuit and the first AFE can support a signal transmission of a first bandwidth, the second RF circuit and the second AFE can support a signal transmission of a second bandwidth, a central frequency of the first bandwidth is substantially equal to the first frequency, and a central frequency of the second bandwidth is substantially equal to the second frequency.

Abstract: A communication system using a length shift keying (LSK) modulation method provides a transmitter having a carrier signal generator for generating carrier signals, and a modulator for modulating lengths of the carrier signals from the carrier signal generator according to combinations of data bits, and a receiver having an integrator for calculating an energy value by integrating the carrier signal that corresponds to a data bit combination, and a data judgment unit for judging the data bit combination by comparing the energy value with a predetermined threshold value. Power is maintained without changing the bandwidth of a communication signal when the communication signal is modulated.

Abstract: In one arrangements there is provided a communications method (10). The method (10) includes sending data (14) in a phase shift keyed form (16) over a power line carrier (22) and sending the same data (14) in a frequency shift keyed form (20) over the same power line carrier (22).

Abstract: A repeater for regenerating signals communicated along a telecommunication line uses a constellation providing a sufficiently high constellation density to ensure that regenerated signals are spectrally compatible. In one exemplary embodiment, such a repeater is configured to implement a method comprising the steps of: receiving first data signals from a first telecommunication line segment; demodulating the first data signals thereby recovering digital data using a constellation that provides a first constellation density; modulating second data signals with the digital data; transmitting the second data signals across a second telecommunication line segment that is bound within a cable; selecting a second constellation density for use in the modulating step such that the second data signals are spectrally compatible with other signals transmitted across a third telecommunication line segment bound within the cable, wherein the second constellation density is higher than the first constellation density.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transceiver for receiving and transmitting data over a network, and a method for testing the same. In particular, the present invention provides a physical layer transceiver having a built-in-self-test (BIST) device that allows for, among other things, pulse density/width variation and jitter control.

Abstract: A Phased Locked Loop (PLL) circuit includes: a clock signal generating unit for generating a first clock signal and a second clock signal of which the phase differs from the first clock signal by ?/2; a computing unit for computing first phase comparison results showing the results of comparing the phases of a signal wherein the first clock signal is subjected to phase shifting with the PSK modulation signal and second phase comparison results showing the results of comparing the phases of a signal wherein the second clock signal is subjected to phase shifting with the PSK modulation signal based on first and second parameters, the first clock signal, the second clock signal, and the PSK modulation signal; a control direction setting unit for virtually controlling the control angle; a parameter control unit; and a reading control unit for controlling the timing of reading data from the PSK modulation.

Abstract: A transceiver configuration has an integrated circuit (IC) with an A/D and/or D/A converter, a VCO with a reference oscillator, which provides a sampling clock for the A/D and/or D/A converter, and a digital data processing circuit. The IC is connected to a radio-frequency section, the frequency converter stage of which is operated with a beat frequency derived from the controllable oscillator frequency foz. A capacitive resonant element of the reference oscillator is disposed outside of the IC.