Abstract: A method characterizes a noise event, and includes locating microphones in an environment and generating a training event at a location in the environment as a reference for a noise event. A sound sample is recorded at each microphone and phase differences between the sound samples are used to establish a noise event signature for an event at that location. A noise event may subsequently be identified by taking sound samples from the microphones associated with the noise event and using phase differences between them to identify the noise event by matching against noise event signatures.

Abstract: A method can include determining a plurality of sample sets, each sample set being different from one another and including a plurality of frequencies separated by a uniform frequency range; wirelessly transmitting information identifying the sample sets for at least one remote device; for each sample set, transmitting a tone on each frequency of the sample set, receiving a tone on each frequency of the sample set from another device, and determining phase difference values for the received tones with respect to corresponding transmitted tones. From the phase shift values, a distance to the other device can be estimated. Corresponding devices and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless link monitor is configured to operate as an active client that can send and/or receive wireless traffic to and/or from wireless devices-under-test (DUTs) in the network. When the wireless link monitor operates as an active client, the DUTs can send respective wireless traffic to the wireless link monitor. This ensures that the wireless link monitor receives the wireless traffic even when the DUTs transmit their wireless signals narrowly (e.g., in adaptive beamforming technologies).

Abstract: A method of performing at least de-reverberation and noise-reduction of an input sound signal of at least one input channel includes: performing, using at least one filter element, at least one of de-reverberation and noise-reduction of the input sound signal to generate a clean output sound signal; and determining, by a non-intrusive measure (NIM) estimation element, at least one non-intrusive measure (NIM) from the sound signal, wherein the at least one NIM includes at least one of voice activity detection (VAD) posterior, reverberation time, clarity index, direct-to-reverberant ratio (DRR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); the de-reverberation is achieved by applying at least one channel shortening (CS) filter component of the at least one filter element in conjunction with the at least one NIM; and the noise reduction is performed in combination with the de-reverberation by the channel shortening (CS) filter component.

Abstract: A PHY device in an Ethernet network in a vehicle includes a transceiver and a processor. The transceiver communicates with a peer PHY over a bidirectional Ethernet link in the vehicle, the transceiver supports communication modes that are separately configurable for transmission and reception, and are selected from (i) a data mode for communication of data, and (ii) a retraining mode for recovering from reception failure, and reception of retraining signals in the retraining mode is less sensitive to interference than reception of data signals in the data mode. The processor sets the transceiver for data mode transmission to, and data mode reception from the peer PHY, and in response to detecting that during data mode reception a reception quality has degraded to below a specified threshold, set the transceiver to reception in the retraining mode while concurrently transmitting to the peer PHY in the data mode.

Abstract: In a method of processing UV coordinates of a three-dimensional (3D) mesh, the UV coordinates of the 3D mesh are received. The UV coordinates are two-dimensional (2D) texture coordinates that include U coordinates in a first axis and V coordinates in a second axis, and are mapped with vertices of the 3D mesh. The UV coordinates of the 3D mesh are processed based on at least one of a quantization process, a separation process, and a transformation process. The quantization process is configured to convert the UV coordinates into a plurality of indicators. The separation process is configured to separate the UV coordinates into the U coordinates and the V coordinates respectively. The transformation process is configured to convert the UV coordinates from a spatial domain into a transform domain. Compression is performed on the processed UV coordinates after the processing of the UV coordinates.

Abstract: Systems and methods to support switching of virtual cores.

Abstract: A PLC signal control lamp system with adaptive power supply, which comprises a signal control module and a signal receiving module; the signal control module is coupled between the commercial power and a lamp and encodes an electric signal, and comprises an MCU control submodule, a clock signal submodule and a switch circuit; the signal receiving module is arranged in the lamp, decodes the electric signal and adjusts the lighting of the lamp. The present invention can adjust the lighting of the lamp without adding a dimming wire, and is more convenient to install, modify and maintain.

Abstract: Provided are a low-jitter digital isolator circuit and a digital isolator including the same. The digital isolator circuit includes a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module, and an isolation channel connected between the signal transmitting module and the signal receiving module. The signal transmitting module is provided with a signal input terminal, and the signal receiving module is provided with a signal output terminal. The signal transmitting module includes a reset circuit, an oscillator and a transmitting circuit which are sequentially connected. The reset circuit is connected to the signal input terminal. The transmitting circuit is connected to the isolation channel. The signal receiving module includes a receiving circuit connected to the isolation channel. In the present invention, signal jitter is reduced, more stable signal transmission and a better isolation effect are achieved, and the area and cost of the digital isolator circuit are reduced.

Abstract: Examples described herein include methods, devices, and systems which compensates input data for I/Q imbalance or noise related thereto to generate compensated input data. In doing such the above compensation, during an uplink transmission time interval (TTI), a switch path is activated to provide converted input data to a receiver stage including a recurrent neural network (RNN). The RNN calculates an error representative of the noise based partly on the input signal to be transmitted and a feedback signal to generate filter coefficient data associated with the I/Q imbalance. The feedback signal is provided, after processing through the receiver, to the RNN. During an uplink TTI, the converted input data is transmitted as the RF wireless transmission via an RF antenna. During a downlink TTI, the switch path is deactivated and the receiver stage receives an additional RF wireless transmission to be processed in the receiver stage.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media for characterizing radio propagation channels. One method includes receiving, at a first modem, a first unit of communication over a radio frequency (RF) communication path from a second modem, wherein the first modem and the second modem process information for RF communications. The first modem identifies fields in the first unit of communication, the fields used to analyze the RF communication path. The first modem extracts data from the fields. The first modem accesses a channel model for approximating a channel representative of the RF communication path from the first modem to the second modem, wherein the channel model includes machine learning models. The first modem trains the channel model using the extracted data. The first modem applies the trained channel model to simulate a set of channel effects associated with the communication path.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a drilling rig, of which the method includes receiving a first message-based command from a supervisory system at a first gateway, determining a first system-specific command based on the first message-based command using the first gateway, and transmitting the first system-specific command from the first gateway to a first system-specific controller. The first system-specific controller is configured to execute the first system-specific command by controlling first rig equipment, but is not configured to execute the first message-based command.

Abstract: Automatic testing/analysis of local loops of telecommunications networks includes obtaining bits-per-tone data for a local loop of a telecommunications network and generating a bit value string from the bits-per-tone data. The bit value string is then analyzed to determine whether it includes a bit pattern indicative of an impairment of the local loop. Further approaches for automatically testing local loops of telecommunications networks include obtaining attenuation data for multiple tones carried by the local loop and determining whether the attenuation data falls below thresholds for providing a service using the local loop.

Abstract: An application or software of a cable modem provides reporting as to one or more issues associated with a reset of a cable modem (CM). Issues related to the upstream (US) link and/or downstream (DS) link of the multiple service operator (MSO) can cause a reboot of a CM coupled to the MSO network. While Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) defines various CM reset codes, these codes fail to identify whether the issue that the caused the reset of the CM related to the US link, the DS link or both. The provided system includes a CM for determining the cause of a reset of the CM as one or more reset codes that can be communicated or reported to the MSO so that the MSO has the information necessary to determine any issues or problems with the US link, the DS link or both.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a drilling rig, of which the method includes receiving a first message-based command from a supervisory system at a first gateway, determining a first system-specific command based on the first message-based command using the first gateway, and transmitting the first system-specific command from the first gateway to a first system-specific controller. The first system-specific controller is configured to execute the first system-specific command by controlling first rig equipment, but is not configured to execute the first message-based command.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for processing a signal over a serial link. The methods and systems receive, by an adjustable filter, a serial input signal, the adjustable filter configured to set a corner frequency of a channel response and a gain of the channel response, the adjustable filter adding a zero to the channel response before to a pole of the serial input signal. The methods and systems selectively apply, by a bandwidth booster component, compensation to signal attenuation of the serial input signal in a first mode of operation and of one or more test signals in a second mode of operation of a serial link receiver. The methods and systems generate, by one or more continuous time linear equalizers configured to receive on an output of the bandwidth booster, one or more output signals of the receiver based on an output signal from the bandwidth booster component.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a circuit compiling device for compiling a function into a binary circuit and a function evaluation device for evaluating a function using such a binary circuit. The binary circuit comprises conjunction subcircuits each computing a conjunction of function input bits and XOR subcircuits each computing a function output bit. Each function output bit may be represented as a sum of interpolation terms, the plurality of function input bits and the interpolation terms of the one or more function output bits together forming a plurality of interpolation terms. A conjunction subcircuit computes an interpolation term as a conjunction of two interpolation terms. A XOR subcircuit computes a function output bit as a XOR of interpolation terms. Thereby, the first interpolation term and second interpolation term are also used in XOR subcircuits, hence the binary circuit has a smaller number or likelihood of ineffective faults.

Abstract: A data transmission method, apparatus, and device, and a computer storage medium are provided. The method includes: obtaining an application packet of a target application; transmitting the application packet to a first routing device by using a network data channel, and transmitting, by using the first routing device, the application packet to a proxy server; meanwhile, transmitting the same application packet to a second routing device by using a short-range wireless data channel different from the network data channel, and transmitting, by using the second routing device, the application packet to the proxy server. The proxy server performs, a deduplication mechanism on the application packet and transmit the application packet to an application server corresponding to the target application.

Abstract: The present disclosure has an object of proposing a method and a device for estimating the state of a transmission path or an optical transmitter capable of mechanically estimating a factor causing an error with a small amount of constellation data and a low computing amount.

Abstract: Techniques are described for pre-equalization at the demodulator of a satellite receiver terminal to compensate for forward link distortions. Some satellite channel filters can manifest distortions, such as asymmetric group delay response. Such distortions can conventionally force restriction of symbol rate only to the portion of the channel bandwidth having a symmetric filter response. Embodiments include a pre-equalizer in the demodulation path that filters received downlink communications based on a set of pre-equalizer filter coefficients computed to at least partially compensate for the channel filter distortions. Some embodiments support updating the filter coefficients based on channel reassignments, and/or dynamically updating the filter coefficients based on detecting and exploiting pre-equalization frames. The pre-equalized sample stream can facilitate reliable decoding by the demodulator with an appreciably increased symbol rate and correspondingly increased forward link capacity.

Abstract: Methods and devices are discussed. A device configured to operate in a network comprises communication circuitry and a transceiver.

Abstract: Aspects of the embodiments are directed to systems and methods for performing link training using stored and retrieved equalization parameters obtained from a previous equalization procedure. As part of a link training sequence, links interconnecting an upstream port with a downstream port and with any intervening retimers, can undergo an equalization procedure. The equalization parameter values from each system component, including the upstream port, downstream port, and retimer(s) can be stored in a nonvolatile memory. During a subsequent link training process, the equalization parameter values stored in the nonvolatile memory can be written to registers associated with the upstream port, downstream port, and retimer(s) to be used to operate the interconnecting links. The equalization parameter values can be used instead of performing a new equalization procedure or can be used as a starting point to reduce latency associated with equalization procedures.

Abstract: Current radio frame structures in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) have some restrictions. A frame structure is disclosed herein that aims to provide more flexibility. Embodiments of the flexible frame structure include different parameters that are flexible, i.e. that are configurable. A non-exhaustive list of parameters that may be configurable include: length of the frame; length of a subframe (if a subframe is even defined); length of a slot and/or number of symbol blocks in a slot (if a slot is even defined); length of the CP and/or data portion in a symbol block, or ratio of CP to data portion, which may vary between symbol blocks; downlink/uplink switching gap length, etc.

Abstract: A communications network system includes a control unit, one or more wireless systems, and application equipment. The control unit acquires information about data that the application equipment communicates via the wireless systems, and acquires information about a wireless environment that has an impact on communications by the wireless systems. The control unit generates a plurality of communications policies that are delivered to the wireless systems, and manages the communications policies that are executed on the wireless systems. The wireless systems store the plurality of communications policies delivered from the control unit, and detect the status of communications, change the communications policies based on the detection result, and control information about data that the application equipment communicates via the wireless systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system including a transmitter and receivers, each receiver being connected to the transmitter via a communication channel, the method including: precoding the data for transmission on the channels to provide first precoded data; using the first precoded data, for each channel, computing a number of bits to be allocated to that channel; determining that the bit allocation does not satisfy one or more criteria; ranking the channels in an order based on channel properties; discarding for use as a direct channel, one or more channels based on the ranking; precoding the data for transmission on the channels accounting for the discarded channels to provide second precoded data; and transmitting, by the transmitter, the second precoded data on the channels.

Abstract: A non-line of sight backhaul system and method are described that provides self-alignment of the antennas beams of the wireless radios of the system, that provides robust operation in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands, that facilitates the use of a reduced number of frequency channels from M to 1 and that enables operation in a non-line of sight (NLOS) propagation environment.

Abstract: A first type node (AP0, AP1, AP2) in a wireless communication system (1), wherein the first type node (AP0, AP1, AP2) is adapted to: —communicate with at least one other first type node (AP0, AP1, AP2) in the wireless communication system (1) over a corresponding channel (hA01, hA12), and —transmit a first plurality of signals (x11, x1i, X1N, X21, X2i, X2N?1) to the other first type node (AP0, AP1, AP2).

Abstract: A wireless device capable of using multiple SIM cards to simultaneously communicate with multiple cellular networks is presented. The wireless device is a dual-SIM dual-data active device that is capable of receiving and transmitting data packets over multiple cellular networks simultaneously or at substantially the same time. The wireless device may include a second set of antennas and internal hardware, including a second model and processor enabling the wireless device to communicate with at least two cellular networks. The wireless device may select a cellular network to perform a task, such as complete a call or download a video based on a difference in signal strength between the two or more cellular networks supported by the wireless device.

Abstract: A PLC control method includes: transmit a first signal through a neutral wire and a path between the neutral wire and a differential signal processing circuit; transmit a second signal through a live wire and a path between the live wire and the differential signal processing circuit; and disconnecting the path between the differential signal processing circuit and the neutral wire or the live wire, conducting the differential signal processing circuit to a ground wire, and when a transmission rate of the ground wire is greater than or equal to a preset transmission rate threshold, transmitting the first signal or the second signal through the ground wire and a path between the ground wire and the differential signal processing circuit.

Abstract: A subchannel encoding device is configured to include: a probability distribution shaping-encoding unit for dividing M×N (M is an integer of two or more, and N is an integer of one or more) subchannels into N groups, shaping a probability distribution of transmission modulation symbols of each group on the basis of signal-to-noise ratios of the M×N subchannels, and converting an information bit string into a shaped bit string corresponding to the probability distribution of the transmission modulation symbols of each group; a subchannel signal generating unit for generating each subchannel signal in the M×N subchannels from the shaped bit string; and a signal multiplexing unit for multiplexing the M×N subchannel signals generated by the subchannel signal generating unit to generate a subchannel multiplexed signal.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to systems and methods for data detection and device optimization. In one example, a device may include an interface circuit for data transmission, and an interface detection module adapted to determine a characteristic of a data transfer over the interface circuit. The device may implement an optimization profile for the device based upon the determined characteristic. Further, a device may be configured to measure a data transfer rate, determine an interface type based on the data transfer rate, and implement an optimization profile based on the interface type. The optimization profile may optimize a system for power consumption, performance, or other benefits.

Abstract: Methods, circuitries, and systems for transmitting data upstream between a first device and a second device and downstream between the second device and the first device are disclosed. A method includes determining an upstream crosstalk effect for an upstream channel and determining a downstream crosstalk effect for a downstream channel. The crosstalk effect includes near end crosstalk from a third device that is non-co-located with respect to the first device and the second device. A data rate of an upstream transmission or downstream transmission is adjusted based on the upstream crosstalk effect and the downstream crosstalk effect.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for bit and signal level mapping are described to enable a memory device to transmit or receive a multi-symbol signal that includes more than two (2) physical levels. Some cyclic redundancy check (CRC) calculations generate one or more bits of CRC output per symbol of an associated signal and the output are transmitted via a multi-symbol signal by converting one or more CRC output bit to a physical level of the signal. The conversion, or mapping, process is performed such that the physical levels of the signal avoid a transition between a highest physical level and lowest physical level. For example, a modulation scheme or mapping process is configured to map different values of CRC output bits to different physical levels, where the different physical levels are separated by one other physical level associated with the signal or the modulation scheme.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing signals and data are disclosed. An example method can comprise receiving a first portion of a first signal. An example method can comprise processing the first portion of the first signal based on a module. The module can comprise instructions for physical layer processing. An example method can comprise receiving an update for the module. The update can be configured to modify the instructions for physical layer processing. The module can be reconfigured based on the update. An example method can comprise processing at least one of a second portion of the first signal and a second signal based on the module reconfigured based on the update.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing software applications on a client device with dynamic control over low-latency mode (LLM) operations of the client device. The client device may monitor downlink data packets of a client software application operating on the client device to detect trigger events. The client device may determine operating parameters of the modem based on a detected trigger event and dynamically adjust the low-latency mode of the modem based on the detect trigger event or the determined operating parameters.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for tone interleaving wide channel bandwidths or transmissions using multiple-bands. Embodiments of the present invention are designed to accommodate new generations of WLAN. According to some embodiments, existing communication standards of the current generations of WLAN are used to simplify the implementation of the tone mapping schemes described herein. For example, some embodiments of the present invention use an 80 MHz channel bandwidth with resource units having 996 tones as a building block to efficiently implement new tone mapping and interleaving schemes for wider bandwidth channels.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing a data frame and data symbols in a communication system includes generating a training sequence including a serial sequence of data symbols that are conjugate symmetric, inserting the training sequence in a transmitter-side data frame, converting constituent data symbols of the transmitter-side data frame to communication signals, transmitting the communication signals from a transmitter to a receiver, converting the communication signals to a stream of received data symbols, detecting presence of the training sequence in the stream of received data symbols, and identifying a position of a received data frame from the presence of the training sequence.

Abstract: A method for implementing a fast UBDM transform includes receiving a first, input vector via a processor, and partitioning the first vector to produce a magnitude vector and a sign vector. A second vector, including a modified magnitude vector and a modified sign vector, is generated by: applying a permutation to the magnitude vector to produce the modified magnitude vector, converting the sign vector, based on an algorithm, into an intermediate sign vector, and applying nonlinear layers to the intermediate sign vector. Each nonlinear layer includes a permutation, an S-box transformation, a diffusive linear operation and/or an Xor operation. Multiple linear layers are applied to the second vector to produce a third vector, the third vector being a transformed version of the first vector. A first signal representing the third vector is sent to at least one transmitter for transmission of a second signal representing the transformed data vector.

Abstract: A feed line connects an RFIC and a radiating element. A baseband ground plane (BB ground) is connected to a ground terminal of a BBIC. A radio frequency ground plane (RF ground) is placed in such a manner as to overlap the BB ground. The RF ground serves as a return path of the feed line. A first inter-ground connection circuit connects the BB ground and the RF ground. Furthermore, a second inter-ground connection circuit connects the BB ground and the RF ground. Connecting parts between these grounds and the second inter-ground connection circuit are arranged closer to the edges of these grounds than connecting parts between these grounds and the first inter-ground connection circuit. The connecting part between the ground and the second inter-ground connection circuit is placed on one side of a certain imaginary straight line that passes substantially the geometric center of the ground.

Abstract: An optical communications system includes a modulator/demodulator (modem) to transmit outgoing communications data and to receive incoming communications data in a transceiver. A main detector is coupled to the modem to convert an optical signal representing the incoming communications data to an electrical signal for the modem. An adaptive data rate processor monitors the electrical signal from the main detector to determine a current power level for the optical signal. The adaptive data rate processor dynamically adjusts a data rate of the modem based on the determined current power level of the optical signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating a customer premise equipment (CPE) device. A network element management system may send an alteration request to a configurable coaxial tap. The alteration request may cause the configurable coaxial tap to alter the characteristics of the configurable coaxial tap and/or to manipulate the radio frequency (RF) characteristics of a CPE device coupled to the configurable coaxial tap. The network element management system may receiving impaired operation reports from a cable modem termination system (CMTS), and send an un-alteration request to the configurable coaxial tap. The un-alteration request may cause the configurable coaxial tap to undo the alterations to the characteristics of the configurable coaxial tap or to undo the manipulated RF characteristics of the CPE. The network element management system may receive and use information the CMTS to determine modem-tap-port correlations and the physical location of the CPE.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for addressing at least one bus subscriber, in particular a control device or sensor, which is connected to a bus system for the purpose of exchanging data, and which is supplied with DC voltage in order to supply the bus subscriber with supply voltage rectified as defined via a DC voltage input of said bus subscriber. It is proved according to the invention that the respective bus subscriber detects the polarity of the DC voltage at its DC voltage input, selects a predefined address depending on the detected polarity, and assigns the selected address to itself for the purpose of exchanging the data. The invention further relates to the bus subscriber and a system consisting of a bus system and exactly two bus subscribers of such kind. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed are a data transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: a transmission node acquiring information about a data transmission mode, herein the information about the data transmission mode includes a rapid data transmission mode in which a time-domain length of data transmission is configured based on a time-domain symbol; and the transmission node transmitting data according to the acquired data transmission mode. In the data transmission method, the time-domain length of data transmission is configured based on the time-domain symbol, the setting of the time-domain length of data transmission is flexible, multiple opportunities of data transmission can exist in one subframe, resources used for data transmission can be guaranteed to be found rapidly when there is a data transmission demand, thus rapid data transmission is realized and data transmission delay is reduced.

Abstract: A cellular modem interface device may comprise a cellular module. The cellular module may comprise wireless communication circuitry. The cellular modem interface device may further comprise a first connector module. The first connector module may comprise a first plurality of connectors associated with a first plurality of interfaces, wherein the first plurality of connectors includes at least one connector for a power supply and at least one interface of the first plurality of interfaces is associated with slow data speeds. The cellular modem interface device may further comprise a second connector module. The second connector module may comprise a second plurality of connectors associated with a second plurality of interfaces, wherein at least one interface of the second plurality of interfaces is associated with fast data speeds.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed creating sector-carriers with unequal pairing of uplink and downlink bandwidths. In one embodiment a method includes determining, at a SON controller, a downlink required rate and a corresponding estimated downlink bandwidth required; determining, at the SON controller, an uplink required rate and a corresponding estimated uplink bandwidth required; determining, at the SON controller, an aggregate bandwidth of spectrum suitable for downlink operation; determining, at the SON controller, an aggregate bandwidth of spectrum suitable for uplink operation; and determining from the downlink required rate; the corresponding estimated downlink bandwidth required; the uplink required rate; the corresponding estimated uplink bandwidth required; the aggregate bandwidth of spectrum suitable for downlink operation; and the aggregate bandwidth of spectrum suitable for uplink operation, at least one sector-carrier configuration wherein the uplink data rate is different than the downlink data rate.

Abstract: Examples described herein include methods, devices, and systems which may compensate input data for I/Q imbalance or noise related thereto to generate compensated input data. In doing such the above compensation, during an uplink transmission time interval (TTI), a switch path is activated to provide converted input data to a receiver stage including a recurrent neural network (RNN). The RNN may calculate an error representative of the noise based partly on the input signal to be transmitted and a feedback signal to generate filter coefficient data associated with the I/Q imbalance. The feedback signal is provided, after processing through the receiver, to the RNN. During an uplink TTI, the converted input data may also be transmitted as the RF wireless transmission via an RF antenna. During a downlink TTI, the switch path may be deactivated and the receiver stage may receive an additional RF wireless transmission to be processed in the receiver stage.

Abstract: Digital approximate multipliers (aMULT) utilizing interpolative apparatuses, circuits, and methods are described in this disclosure. The disclosed aMULT interpolative methods can be arranged or programmed to operate asynchronously and or synchronously. For applications where less precision is acceptable, fewer interpolations can yield less precise multiplication results, while such approximate multiplication can be computed faster and at lower power consumption. Conversely, for applications where higher precision is required, more interpolations can generate more precise multiplication results.

Abstract: A terminal supports two cards the primary card and the secondary card, the primary card supports a data service, and the secondary card supports transmission of a voice service using a data service, or the secondary card supports concurrent transmission of a voice service and a data service. The method includes, when the terminal performs the data service using the primary card, if the terminal performs the voice service using the secondary card, switching, by the terminal, the data service performed using the primary card to the secondary card, and performing the data service using the secondary card.

Abstract: To enables to obtain difficult-to-predict random numbers without requiring a more complex circuit configuration, the random number generating circuit is configured to include a light output means, a light receiving means, a current/voltage converting means, a comparing means, a sampling means, and an output means. The light output means outputs light of a prescribed wavelength. The light receiving means receives the light and converts the same into current signals. The current/voltage converting means converts the current signals into voltage signals. The comparing means compares the voltage signals with a reference voltage and converts the voltage signals into binary signals. The sampling means samples, at a cycle set on the basis of the light noise frequency, the binary signals converted by the comparing means and converts the same into bit data. The output means outputs bit string data arranged in the order of conversion of the bit data.

Abstract: In one aspect, a transmitting device may frequency-division multiplex a wake-up signature (WUS) targeted to a wake-up receiver (WUR) of a receiving device with user data targeted to a main transceiver of each of one or more other receiving devices into an output signal. The output signal is then transmitted. A receiving device having a WUR and a main transceiver of the receiving device detects, at the WUR, a WUS targeted for the WUR in a received signal. The WUS is frequency-division multiplexed with user data for one or more other receiving devices in the received signal. The receiving device wakes up the main transceiver in response to the detecting.