Abstract: A reconfigurable P-way parallel N-tap feed forward equalizer includes an adaptive filter configured to generate a series of coefficients (taps) and an input register for storing input symbols. A variable cursor position defined by a parameter corresponding to a position in the input register selects a set of pre-cursor and post-cursor taps for dynamic ISI correction of a like set of pre-cursor and post-cursor symbols. Multiplier banks generate partial result symbols by applying the taps to the set of input symbols, and a set of combiners or adder banks generate equalized output symbols from the partial result symbols. Two multiplexers adjust input symbols and coefficients according to the parameter, and a controller allows selection of an optimal parameter, and thus an optimal variable cursor position. The coefficient corresponding to the parameter may additionally be preset to save storage space.

Abstract: Received data oversampled twice is polyphased by the receiver, feedback is applied using an adaptive algorithm, and the filter coefficients (tap coefficient sequence) of a compensation filter are simultaneously shifted when the data shifts. The sampling frequency and the phase offset can be compensated for on the fly using a filter combining a tapped filter whose initial value is a correlation value obtained from the preamble and header of a received signal, and a wavefront aligner. In this configuration, a resampling filter circuit, an equalization filter circuit and a decimation filter circuit are realized in a single compensation filter circuit, which is much smaller than the prior art circuits in terms of size.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for performing Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) and Decision Feedback Sequence Estimation (DFSE) in high-throughput applications that are not latency critical. In an embodiment, overlapping blocks of samples are used to allow for the parallelization of the computation and the breaking of the critical path. In addition, the overlap of the windows addresses issues associated with performance loss due to what is termed “ramp-up” and “ramp-down” BER loss.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a method of adapting a receiver for equalization of an input data signal. A variable gain amplifier (VGA) loop adapts a VGA circuit using an initial threshold voltage so as to adjust a VGA gain setting to regulate a data amplitude feeding into a decision feedback equalization (DFE) circuit. In addition, the DFE adaptation loop may adapt the DFE circuit using the initial threshold voltage. When the adaptation of the VGA is done, then the VGA gain setting is frozen and adaptation of the threshold voltage may be performed by a threshold adaptation loop. Another embodiment relates to a system which includes a DFE adaptation circuit module, a CTLE adaptation circuit module, and a threshold adaptation circuit module that adapts a threshold voltage that is fed to the DFE adaptation circuit and the CTLE adaptation circuit. Other embodiments and features are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for canceling noise in a received signal are provided. A signal is received at a receiver comprising a frequency domain equalizer (FEQ). A noise prediction error of the signal is determined. The FEQ is updated with the noise prediction error, wherein the act of updating mitigates the effect of noise in the signal.

Abstract: Requests are identified for equalization coefficients and a plurality of coefficient selections are tracked relating to the requests. A matrix is maintained within a grid space that is to represent the coefficients, the matrix representing one or more of the coefficient selections. The matrix is adjusted within the grid space to obtain an adjusted matrix that is to accommodate selection of a particular coefficient outside the matrix. A final coefficient can be selected based on the adjusted matrix.

Abstract: A time domain switching analog-to-digital converter apparatus and methods of utilizing the same. In one implementation, the converter apparatus comprises a carrier signal source, and at least one reference source. The carrier signal is summed with the input signal and the summed modulated signal is fed to a comparator circuit. The comparator is configured detects crossings of the reference level by the modulated waveform thereby generating trigger events. The time period between consecutive trigger events is used to obtain modulated signal deviation due to the input signal thus enabling input signal measurement. Control of the carrier oscillation amplitude and frequency enables real time adjustment of the converter dynamic range and resolution. The use of additional reference signal levels increases sensor frequency response and accuracy. A dual channel converter apparatus enables estimation and removal of common mode noise, thereby improving signal conversion accuracy.

Abstract: A timing jitter measurement circuit for measuring timing jitter in the digital domain may use an interpolator bank to over-sample a signal from a media reader, a zero crossing estimator to estimate a zero crossing moment in the output of the interpolator bank and a time interval analyzer (TIA) to calculate the timing jitter as the deviation of the estimated zero crossing moment from an expected zero crossing moment in a clock signal. The timing jitter measurement circuit may be integrated into digital circuitry since it avoids using analog devices. Consequently, it may simplify the chip design, lower power consumption and save space.

Abstract: A multi-phase partial response receiver supports various incoming data rates by sampling PrDFE output values at a selected one of at least two clock phases. The receiver includes a calibration circuit that performs a timing analysis of critical data paths in the circuit, and this analysis is then used to select the particular clock phase used to latch the output values. These techniques permit the multiplexer outputs from for each phase of the partial response receiver to directly drive selection of a multiplexer for the ensuing phase, i.e., by avoiding regions of instability or uncertainty in the respective multiplexer outputs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and provides a method and a device for eliminating interference in a mobile communication system. The method comprises: step 1: re-constructing signal estimation {circumflex over (d)}MAI+ISI of inter-symbol interference and multi-access interference in accordance with an output signal {circumflex over (d)}esb from an equalizer; and step 2: performing interference elimination on the inter-symbol interference and multi-access interference in an output signal êMF from a matched filter in accordance with the signal estimation {circumflex over (d)}MAI+ISI of inter-symbol interference and multi-access interference, to obtain signal estimation {circumflex over (d)}JD+IC with the interference eliminated. According to the present invention, it is able to eliminate the impact of an interference signal and improve the receptivity of a receiver for a useful signal.

Abstract: A system and method for filtering an analog signal with a finite impulse response (FIR) filter that does not require analog delay elements are disclosed. An analog signal is pulse-width encoded, and the pulse-width encoded signal passed to a delay line comprising unclocked delay elements, such as logic gates, rather than clocked delay elements such as are used in conventional FIR filters. The propagation of the input signal is thus due only to the delay inherent in each gate, and occurs based upon when a signal reaches the gate rather than being caused by a clock signal. As with a conventional FIR filter, weighting elements having impedance are used to weigh the output of each delay element, and the resulting outputs summed to obtain a filtered output signal. For certain signals, such a circuit and method provides a simpler way of filtering than conventional filters.

Abstract: A semiconductor device contains a narrow band noise detector section to detect narrow band noise in an input signal that is input by way of a power line. The semiconductor device further includes a reference signal generator section to generate a second reference signal whose amplitude value which corresponds to the narrow band noise frequency of a pre-established first reference signal is reduced, and a correlation calculation section to calculate the correlation value between the input signal and the second reference signal utilized in the frame synchronization processing of the input signal.

Abstract: A method of compensating for loss of a high-speed broadband signal may include receiving a high-speed broadband signal. The method may also include at least partially compensating for a low-frequency loss associated with a low-frequency component of the high-speed broadband signal. The compensation for the low-frequency loss may be based on a transfer function that may include a pole with a pole-frequency associated with the low-frequency component of the high-speed broadband signal.

Abstract: A circuit for reducing phase errors in a digital communication systems signal is provided. The circuit comprises a demodulator block, a feed-forward path, a feed-back path, and a slicer. The demodulator block generates a plurality of samples from the signal and determines for each sample a corresponding phase error. The feed-forward path is configured to reduce in the signal a high frequency component of the phase errors. The feed-back path configured to reduce in the signal a low frequency component of the phase errors. The slicer selectively forwards phase errors to the feed-forward path or the feed-back path based on a respective magnitude of the phase error when operating in a decision-directed mode.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus adapting equalizers for compensating for signal distortion of a received digital signal are disclosed. The method comprises deriving equalizer settings for a received signal, determining at least one signal parameter of said received signal; and storing the derived equalizer settings together with an indication of the signal parameter. The signal parameter could, for instance, comprise the data rate of the signal. If the signal parameter changes the equalizer is configured to use any stored settings which are appropriate for the new signal parameter. Thus, rather than start an entirely new equalizer adaptation routine every time the signal parameter changes the equalizer will use any stored settings which are appropriate for the changed parameter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus comprising, a sampler configured to receive and sample a signal for producing signal samples; a first configured to receive or determinate a scaling factor for a reliability factor and to determine power or energy of an input signal of an interference canceller; a generator configured to generate an estimated replica of a transmitted desired signal by using the signal samples; a residual processor configured to subtract the estimated replica from the input signal of an interference canceller for generating a residual signal and to determine power or energy of the residual signal; and a divider configured to divide the power or energy of the residual signal by the power or energy of the input signal of an interference canceller and a multiplier configured to multiply a result of the division by the scaling factor of a reliability factor.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for data processing. For example, a data processing system is discussed that includes: an equalizer circuit, a signal to noise ratio calculation circuit, and a parameter adjustment circuit. The equalizer circuit is operable to equalize a data input to yield an equalized output. The signal to noise ratio calculation circuit is operable to calculate a signal to noise ratio of the equalized output based at least in part on a noise power derived from the equalized output. The parameter adjustment circuit is operable to adjust a parameter based at least in part on the signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: The present invention reduces the degradation in performance of one or more radio signals that are co-transmitted with a first radio signal from the same transmitting antenna in the same frequency channel and received by the same antenna due to multipath or other shared interference, where the one or more radio signals can be separated from the first radio signal. All received signals are coupled to the same adaptive array or adaptive filter to reduce multipath or other shared interference of the first radio signal, which reduces multipath and other shared interference in the other radio signals before they are separated and processed by their respective receivers, or the individual radio signals are separated before the first signal enters the adaptive array and coupled to a slave weighting network slaved to the weights of the adaptive array of the first signal to reduce interference in all the signals.

Abstract: A SerDes data sampling controller that includes a gear shifting data sampling clock that zeroes the data sampling skew at the center of the unit interval during the CDR phase lock stage, and then skews the data sample timing away from the center of the unit interval as the DFE coefficients adapt during the data transfer stage. This allows the controller to implement the best (unskewed) data sample timing during the CDR phase locking stage, and then skew the data sample timing after the DFE coefficients have adapted to provide the best (skewed) data sample timing for data bit sampling during the data transfer stage. The data sampling gear shifter may apply a variable skew value to the transition sampling or quadrature (Q) data sampling clock differentially varying the quadrature (Q) transition sampling clock from the inphase (I) data sampling clock.

Abstract: A method is provided for equalizing OFDM symbol vectors received on AM in-band on-channel radio signal including a main carrier and first and second BPSK modulated subcarriers. The method comprises: computing a BPSK magnitude signal; filtering the BPSK magnitude signal; filtering complex samples received on the main carrier; using the filtered BPSK magnitude signal and the filtered complex samples received on the main carrier to compute a plurality of flat fade equalization coefficients; and multiplying the OFDM symbol vectors by the flat fade equalization coefficients. A receiver that includes an equalizer, which operates in accordance with the method is also provided.

Abstract: Communication systems may benefit from an HSPA MIMO receiver configured for receipt of an imbalanced transmit signal, as well as a method for operating the receiver. According to certain embodiments, a method can include receiving a multiple-input multiple-output system communication signal comprising at least one primary signal at a first power level from a first antenna and a secondary signal at a second power level different from the first power level from a second antenna. The method can also include estimating at least one parameter of the communication signal. The method can further include applying the at least one parameter as estimated to calculate linear minimum mean square error coefficients. The method can additionally include applying the linear minimum mean square error coefficients to process the communication signal.

Abstract: Circuits and methods characterize a receiver. The circuit includes a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) circuit, a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, a data checker, and an eye-scan controller. The DFE circuit generates a filtered signal from the communication signal. The filtered signal is a sum of the communication signal and a variable weighting of a symbol recently sampled from the filtered signal. The CDR circuit samples a sequence of sampled symbols from the filtered signal. The CDR circuit samples the filtered signal at a variable phase relative to a clock signal. The data checker generates an indication of an error in the sequence of sampled symbols. The eye-scan controller varies the variable weighting and the variable phase through multiple value combinations. The eye-scan controller checks for the indication of the error for each of the value combinations.

Abstract: An equalization parameter analyzer includes a parameter section configured to acquire at least one current parameter for a wireless receiver and an analyzer section configured to compare the at least one current parameter with at least one corresponding previous parameter. Additionally, the equalization parameter analyzer also includes a coefficients section configured to initiate a generation of new equalizer coefficients in the wireless receiver based on a change between the at least one current and corresponding previous parameters that exceeds a predefined threshold. A method of equalization coefficients generation is also provided.

Abstract: A method includes, in a mobile communication terminal, receiving downlink signals from at least two antennas. A signal covariance matrix for the received signals is calculated. Each diagonal element of the signal covariance matrix is enlarged by a respective antenna-specific value that depends on a respective antenna associated with the diagonal element. Equalizer coefficients are computed based on the signal covariance matrix having the enlarged diagonal elements. The received downlink signals are equalized using the equalizer coefficients.

Abstract: A system and method of frequency offset compensation are disclosed for a wireless system between a fast moving radio terminal associated with a locomotive and a stationary radio terminal associated with a base station. The present invention utilizes advanced frequency offset prediction to quickly track Doppler Shift caused by a fast moving locomotive. In one embodiment according to the present invention, the frequency offset prediction is based on a first plurality of coarse frequency offsets, first-order derivatives of the first plurality of coarse frequency offsets, and second-order derivatives of the first plurality of coarse frequency offsets. In another embodiment according to the present invention, the frequency offset prediction is based on a plurality of previous frequency offsets according to a Doppler shift model.

Abstract: In a data processing device and a method for analyzing stability of the data processing device, one or more sets of equalization parameters and a predetermined bit error ratio (BER) are received. Times and voltages of data points that represent a waveform of an electronic signal generated by the data processing device are read, and an output type of the electronic signal is selected to obtain a time interval of outputs of the electronic signal. Optimal equalization parameters are selected from the one or more sets of equalization parameters to compute a sample interval. Interfering voltages of the electronic signal are computed to select a frequency which is equal to the predetermined BER, and the interfering voltages corresponding to the selected frequency are obtained. An eye pattern is established using the interfering voltages corresponding to the selected frequency, and a determination is made according to the eye pattern.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods, systems, and apparatuses capable of dynamically and adaptively operating on wideband signals. Examples include state variable filters whose center frequencies can be tuned using variable gain blocks coupled to outputs of filter integrators. First- and second-order state variable filters may operate on signals in parallel and their outputs combined to produce a filtered output. Filters may be tuned to pass or reject signals depending on the application; sample applications include, but are not limited to: agile filtering; spectrum analysis; interference detection and rejection; equalization; direct intermediate-frequency transmission; and single-sideband modulation and demodulation.

Abstract: Circuits and methods are provided for efficient feed-forward equalization when sample-and-hold circuitry is employed to generate n time-delayed versions of an input data signal to be equalized. To equalize the input data signal, m data signals are input to m feed-forward equalization (FFE) taps of a current-integrating summer circuit, wherein each of the m data signals corresponds to one of the n time-delayed versions of the input data signal. A capacitance is precharged to a precharge level during a reset period of the current-integrating summer circuit. An output current is generated by each of the m FFE taps during an integration period of the current-integrating summer circuit, wherein the output currents from the m FFE taps collectively charge or discharge the capacitance during the integration period. A gating control signal is applied to an FFE tap during the integration period to disable the FFE tap during a portion of the integration period in which the data signal input to the FFE tap is invalid.

Abstract: A method for wireless communication is described. The method includes receiving a burst that includes controlled sequence symbols transmitted in a guard period. The controlled sequence symbols include the last predetermined number symbols of a training sequence. The burst is demodulated based on the controlled sequence symbols. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also claimed and described.

Abstract: Tools capable of improving the accuracy of decision feedback equalization (DFE) are described. The tools may adapt a DFE using a more-equal distribution of signals than those actually received. The tools may do so by disregarding, averaging, or weighting certain signals when adapting the DFE when those signals represent an unequal distribution of bit patterns. In one example, the tools detect and disregard some of the signals representing idle bit patterns that are received more often than other bit patterns. The tools may also or instead compensate for a bit pattern that is never or rarely received.

Abstract: A method for compensating frequency response of a filter unit in remote radio unit in real time, said remote radio unit comprises filter unit equalizer, transmitter observation receiver and antenna calibration receiver, said method comprising the steps of: receiving input signal of said filter unit by transmitter observation receiver; receiving output signal of said filter unit by antenna calibration receiver; calculating coefficients of filter unit equalizer in real time based on said input signal and said output signal; updating said filter unit equalizer based on said calculated coefficients in order to compensate frequency response of said filter unit. A device to carry out the above method, remote radio unit comprising said device and a telecommunication system comprising said remote radio unit are also provided.

Abstract: An equalizer for compensating an input signal in a receiver of a communication system is disclosed. The equalizer includes a first transistor, having a gate for receiving a positive input voltage of the input signal; a second transistor, having a gate for receiving a negative input voltage of the input signal, and a source coupled to a source of the first transistor; and a resistor, connected with at least one capacitor to be coupled between a drain of the first transistor and a drain of the second transistor, for optimizing a resistance of the resistor, to compensate the input signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a signal processing apparatus and method, a program, and a data recording medium configured such that the playback level of an audio signal can be easily and effectively enhanced without requiring prior analysis. An analyzer 21 generates mapping control information in the form of the root mean square of samples in a given segment of a supplied audio signal. A mapping processor 22 takes a nonlinear function determined by the mapping control information taken as a mapping function, and conducts amplitude conversion on a supplied audio signal using the mapping function. In this way, by conducting amplitude conversion of an audio signal using a nonlinear function that changes according to the characteristics in respective segments of an audio signal, the playback level of an audio signal can be easily and effectively enhanced without requiring prior analysis. The present invention may be applied to portable playback apparatus.

Abstract: A passive mixer with channel impedance equalization is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes replica devices configured to generate replica output signals and an error amplifier configured to generate bias signals based on the replica output signals. The bias signals are configured to equalize on-state channel impedances associated with a mixer.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, methods, apparatuses and systems are provided to allow a transmitter to reduce the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of a modulated signal by applying a pre-emphasis filter to the signal, clipping the pre-distorted signal to reduce the PAPR, and applying a de-emphasis filter to the clipped signal to reduce the spectral leakage caused by the clipping. Other embodiments may be disclosed or claimed.

Abstract: Method for transmitting a signal using a transmission power mask is disclosed. The signal is transmitted by a transceiver A and is connected to a transceiver B via at least one physical link; wherein the transmission power mask is adapted according to a transfer function relative to the impedance of the physical link, so as the power lost during signal transmission is taken into account.

Abstract: An apparatus including a receiver having a feed forward equalizer (FFE) coupled to a communication channel. The receiver may be configured to adjust the FFE using information based on an estimate of one or more characteristics of the communication channel.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing signals in a receiver are disclosed herein and may include updating a plurality of filter taps utilizing at least one channel response vector and at least one correlation vector, for a plurality of received clusters, based on initialized values related to the at least one channel response vector and the at least one correlation vector. At least a portion of the received signal clusters may be filtered utilizing at least a portion of the updated plurality of filter taps. The update may be repeated whenever a specified signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the received signal clusters is reached. The initialized values may be updated during a plurality of iterations, and the update may be repeated whenever a specified number of the plurality of iterations is reached.

Abstract: A broadcast receiver suitable for receiving broadcast signals transferred by use of signal format of IBOC system. The broadcast receiver comprises a receiving means that holds information related to channels that can be acquired by a digital signal decoding process. If information related to a channel is to be used and is held by the information holding means, then it is used.

Abstract: A method of channel estimation includes receiving a signal after transmission over a media having a plurality of sub-carriers in a frequency band. The signal is preprocessed including performing a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to generate a plurality of frequency-domain samples. Channel estimating is applied to the plurality of frequency-domain samples using (i) least squares (LS) estimation, wherein the LS estimation generates intermediate LS channel estimates for each of the sub-carriers, and (ii) frequency-domain filtering and scaling the intermediate LS channel estimates. The frequency-domain filtering uses a common frequency-domain filter consisting of a single filter coefficient vector having a plurality of frequency-domain filter coefficients to generate refined channel estimates for each of the plurality of sub-carriers.

Abstract: Forward and backward filters in cascade establish a specified phase shift in audio or video signals. The backward filter applies its filtering in a backward direction to impart a phase shift to its backward-filtered output that is a function of frequency. The forward filter applies its filtering in a forward direction to impart a phase shift to its forward-filtered output that has the specified phase shift relative the phase shift of the backward filter. Preferably, the two filters are recursive and are applied to signals that represent overlapping segments of the audio or video information. The overlap interval is used for filter initialization.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed to compensate for interference and/or distortion impressed onto a transmitted communication signal in the presence of one or more time-varying noise and/or interference conditions. A communications receiver includes a noise analyzer to characterize the composition of the interference and/or the distortion and produce a selection signal indicating the composition of the interference and/or the distortion. The communications receiver selects at least one set of equalization coefficients and/or updates at least one parameter of a least-squares algorithm or the suitable equivalent algorithm to compensate for the interference and/or the distortion impressed onto a transmitted communication signal in the presence of a particular time-varying noise and/or interference condition.

Abstract: A receiver circuit receives an incoming signal and accordingly provides an internal signal, and includes an equalizer, a slicer module and a counter module. The equalizer provides a signal level according to the incoming signal, the slicer module compares if the internal signal exceeds a level range; according to comparison result, the counter module provides a signal quality indication capable of indicating whether a bit error rate of signal receiving is greater than a predetermined reference bit error rate. One of an upper bound and a lower bound of the level range can equal the signal level, a distance between the upper bound and the lower bound is set according to a reference signal-to-noise ratio which associates with the reference bit error rate.

Abstract: A reception device includes two antennas 1-1, 1-2 that are in an inverse correlation, a switching unit 4 which switches the signal that is to be processed among signals received by the two antennas 1-1, 1-2, and an adaptive equalizer 6 which uses equalization coefficients to perform equalizing processing on the signal considered by the switching unit 4 to be the signal to be processed, and an equalization coefficient altering unit 7 which alters the equalization coefficients used by the adaptive equalizer 6 synchronously with the timing of switching performed by the switching unit 4. In the reception device can reduce the required time for reconvergence of equalization coefficients stemming from reception system switching in selection diversity using an inverse correlation antenna.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting transmission/reception system having improved receiving performance and signal processing method thereof. A digital broadcasting transmitter according to the present invention includes a data pre-processor which processed robust data and generates robust data packet of predetermined format, a TS stream generator which combines robust data packet with a normal data packet to generate a TS stream of a predetermined format, a randomizer which randomizes the TS stream output from the TS stream generator, a convolution encoder which performs convolution encoding with respect to the robust data of the data output from the randomizer, and a RS encoder which performs RS encoding with respect to the data output from the convolution g encoder. Accordingly, digital broadcasting receiving performance can be improved in a poor multipath channel, while maintaining compatibility with existing transmission/reception system.

Abstract: An equalization adaptation circuit comprises an equalizer, a transition determination circuit, a phase error circuit, a sequence recovery circuit, a phase error accumulator circuit, a transition accumulator circuit, and a controller circuit. The equalizer has adjustable parameters. The transition determination circuit determines observed transitions in an equalized signal output from the equalizer. A phase error circuit determines phase errors of the observed transitions. A sequence recovery circuit generates recovered digital data sequences. A phase error accumulator circuit accumulates the phase errors in respective association with pre-defined patterns matching the recovered digital data sequences containing observed transitions corresponding to the phase errors. A transition accumulator circuit accumulates a number of the observed transitions. A controller circuit controls the adjustable parameters of the equalizer based upon the accumulated phase errors and number of observed transitions.

Abstract: A receiver includes a front-end amplifier, a sampler, and a decision-feedback equalizer. The front-end amplifier provides for amplifying a received input signal to yield an amplified input signal. The sampler provides for sampling the amplified input signal so as to yield a sampler output signal. The sampler output signal is a function of the amplified input signal and a reference signal coupled to a reference input of the sampler. The decision feedback equalizer provides for adjusting the reference signal as a function of feedback based at least in part on the sampler output signal.

Abstract: A multi-transport stream (TS) generating apparatus and method, and digital broadcasting transmission and reception apparatuses and method are provided. The multi-TS generating apparatus includes an adaptor to generate an adaptation field in some packets of a normal stream; an interleaver to interleave the normal stream; a turbo processor to turbo-code a plurality of turbo streams; a stuffer to generate a multi-TS by stuffing the plurality of the turbo streams into the adaptation field; and a deinterleaver to deinterleave the multi-TS. Accordingly, the plurality of the turbo streams can be transmitted far more easily.

Abstract: A method and a circuit for controlling an equalizer and an equalizing system are disclosed. The method includes providing a first level from a set of levels as a peaking level of the equalizer; equalizing a transmission signal by using the equalizer with the first level to obtain a first signal; providing a second level from the set of levels as the peaking level of the equalizer; equalizing the transmission signal by using the equalizer with the second level to obtain a second signal; determining a first frequency of the first signal; determining a second frequency of the second signal; comparing the first frequency and second frequency to obtain a comparing result; and determining the peaking level of the equalizer for following equalization of the transmission signal in accordance with the comparing result.

Abstract: In an OFDM transmission a transmission diversity technique is used without orthogonal signaling. The phases of the subcarriers received at the different antennas are compared by different techniques and then the phases of the signals for different antennas are adjusted for a subsequent transmission over the OFDM interface. The phase (and optionally amplitude) adjustment is calculated in only one (transmitting) side and no orthogonal signaling required. The number of antennas can be increased as much as necessary to get a sharper beam. The negative effects of fading and interference can be reduced so that at same time a down link transmission power can be reduced.