Abstract: Described herein are improved systems, methods, and devices for delivering and managing metadata in a distributed computing platform such as a content delivery network (CDN) so as to configure content servers to handle client requests. The teachings hereof provide, among other things, scalable and configurable solutions for delivering and managing metadata, preferably by leveraging dynamically obtained control information. For example, in one embodiment, a given content server may store metadata, e.g., in a configuration file, that references dynamic, late-bound control information for use in satisfying dependencies. This dynamic control information can be requested by the CDN content server, typically from a remote host, when needed to parse and execute the metadata.

Abstract: A bi-synchronous electronic device may include a FIFO memory circuit configured to store data, and a first digital circuit coupled to the FIFO memory circuit and configured to operate based upon a first clock signal and a write pointer, write a data burst to the FIFO memory circuit, thereby causing a jump in the write pointer to a new position, and write a burst indicator associated with the new position in the FIFO memory circuit. The bi-synchronous electronic device may include a second digital circuit coupled to the FIFO memory circuit and configured to operate based upon a second clock signal different from the first clock signal, read from the FIFO memory circuit based upon a read pointer, and synchronize the read pointer to the write pointer based upon the burst indicator.

Abstract: A method begins by a processing module of a computing device receiving a most current revision value for a data element, where a revision value for the data element is generated based on a current time of a storing device. The method continues with the processing module generating a new revision value for a currently revised version of the data element based on a current time of the computing device and comparing the current time of the new revision value with the current time of the most current revision value. When the current time of the new revision value precedes the current time of the most current revision value, the method continues with the processing module adjusting the new revision value to produce an adjusted revision value and facilitating storage of the currently revised version of the data element having the adjusted revision value.

Abstract: An advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) system includes a meter data management system, an AMI network, a network communication module and metering devices. The AMI network connects to a reference time clock and the meter data management system. The network communication module connects to the AMI network and is in communication with the reference time clock via the AMI network. Each metering device is connected to the network communication module and has a metrology device and a communication module device. The communication module device provides clock adjustments to the metrology clock and/or its own clock. The metrology device provides clock adjustments to the communications module clock and/or its own clock. Methods for use in an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) system provide clock adjustments.

Abstract: A hearing device includes: a processing unit; a filter; and a wireless receiver; wherein the processing unit is configured to determine a time difference between a start of the wireless receiver and a reception of a corresponding data packet from a transmitter; wherein the filter is configured to determine a time period as a function of a plurality of time differences that include the time difference determined by the processing unit; and wherein the processing unit is further configured to control the wireless receiver such that the wireless receiver is started in the time period before reception of a subsequent data packet from the transmitter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of, and device in the form of a radio access network supervising entity for, adapting to delay in a communication link established between the radio access network supervising entity and at least one radio base station communicating with a mobile terminal. The method comprises associating a target Connection Frame Number (CFN) to each transmitted data frame, said target CFN being calculated by offsetting an expected CFN with a counter value corresponding to a current communication link delay, repeatedly determining delay of the communication link, and adapting to the delay of the communication link by adjusting transmission time of the transmitted frame, and/or adjusting the target CFN of the transmitted frame, said target CFN being calculated by offsetting the expected CFN with a counter value corresponding to a determined new delay.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for providing a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) service in a wireless communication system. A method of a server for providing the P2P service includes receiving a P2P service request signal comprising information of contents desired by a particular Mobile Station (MS); selecting at least one MS from MSs having the contents; establishing a traffic path between the particular and the selected MS; and transmitting information of the selected MS to the particular MS.

Abstract: An electronic system is disposed on a single integrated circuit including a plurality of power domains and a power control manager. Each power domain may be independently powered. The power control manager includes a set of control registers storing individual control bits, a power switch for each power domain and a programmable microprocessor. The programmable microprocessor controls the digital state of individual bits within the control registers thereby controlling the ON and OFF state of the corresponding power domain.

Abstract: A method of discarding logged measurements in a wireless communication system is provided. A user equipment in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected mode receives a Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) configuration from a base station and starts a validity timer upon receiving the MDT configuration. The user equipment in an RRC idle mode logs measurements based on the MDT configuration to collect logged measurements while the validity timer is running. When the validity timer is expired, the user equipment discards the MDT configuration and starts a conservation timer. When the conservation timer is expired, the logged measurements are discarded.

Abstract: A numerical controller is chain-connected with a plurality of I/O units so that it transmits DI/DO signals to and receives DI/DO signals from the I/O units by master-slave communication. The numerical controller counts signals generated by a timer circuit up to a predetermined number and sets, from among the plurality of I/O units, an I/O unit with which transfer of the DI/DO signals is to be performed for each count value. The DI/DO signals of the set I/O units are transferred according to the count value.

Abstract: A memory device that includes an input interface that receives instructions and input data on a first plurality of serial links. The instructions and input data are deserialized on the memory device, and are provided to a memory controller. The memory controller initiates accesses to a memory core in response to the received instructions. The memory core includes a plurality of memory partitions, which are accessed in a cyclic and overlapping manner. This allows each memory partition to operate at a slower frequency than the serial links, while properly servicing the received instructions. Accesses to the memory device are performed in a synchronous manner, wherein each access exhibits a known fixed latency.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer program products are disclosed for clock signal synchronization among computers in a network, including designating, as a primary clock signal for all the computers in a network, a clock signal from one of the computers in the network; providing the primary clock signal, simultaneously and in parallel, from the computer whose clock signal is designated as the primary clock signal to all the other computers in the network; and providing the primary clock signal, simultaneously and in parallel, from each computer in the network to all computers in the network through multiplexers and phase locked loops, with the primary clock signal locked in phase across all the computers by a phase locked loop on each computer.

Abstract: A circulator based transceiver sharing a common antenna between a receive signal path and a transmit signal path is disclosed. Techniques to reduce coupled transmit signals and coupled transmit noise in a receive signal path, implemented in a variety of embodiments is disclosed allowing elimination of a diplexer, simplification of circulator design and reduction of transceiver cost. The transceiver includes means to generate and couple a correction signal into the receive signal path to attenuate coupled transmit signal in the receive path. Furthermore, the transceiver includes echo cancellation techniques to attenuate transmit noise in the receive signal path. Methods to utilize the transceiver to attenuate coupled transmit signal and transmit noise may improve transceiver efficiency, for example, in demodulation techniques and processing of data signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus for implementing a display port interface are disclosed. The apparatus may include a source processor and a sink processor coupled through an interface. The sink processor may be operable to send a synchronization signal to the source processor through the interface. The source processor may be operable, dependent upon the synchronization signal, to send data to the sink processor.

Abstract: A technique includes (i) receiving a first pilot signal from a base station via a receiver of a client device, or (ii) transmitting a second pilot signal from the client device to the base station via a transmitter of the client device. First time differences and signal quality values for N samples of N respective packets in the first pilot signal are determined. Second time differences and signal quality values are received via the receiver. The second time differences and signal quality values are generated for M samples of M respective packets in the second pilot signal. An offset value is determined based on (i) the first time differences and signal quality values, or (ii) the second time differences and signal quality values. Activation or deactivation times of the receiver or the transmitter or transmission times of the transmitter are adjusted based on the offset value.

Abstract: A communication apparatus (13) according to the present invention is provided with: a storage unit (131) that stored in advance difference information (1311), which is the difference between first time information (t1) and second time information (t2), said first time information (t1) being received from a synchronization source communication apparatus (11) as a time synchronization source connected to a transmission system (12) wherein transmission delay time is different depending on the direction of transmission, and said second time information (t2) obtained from a time synchronization origin (14) other than the transmission system (12); and a time synchronization means (132) that carries out, when the second time information (t2) cannot be obtained from the time synchronization origin (14), time synchronization with the synchronization source communication apparatus (11) using the difference information (1311) read out from the storage unit (131).

Abstract: Frequency shifting a communications signal(s) in a multiple frequency (multi-frequency) distributed antenna system (DAS) to avoid or reduce frequency interference is disclosed. Related devices, methods, and DASs are disclosed. Non-limiting examples of frequency interference include frequency band interference and frequency channel interference. As a non-limiting example, frequency interference in a multi-frequency DAS may result from non-linearity of a signal processing component generating an out-of-band harmonic of a first, in-use communications signal in a first frequency band, within different frequency band(s) of other in-use communications signal(s). To avoid or reduce such interference, embodiments disclosed herein involve predicting frequency interference that may result from processing received, in-use communications signals in multiple frequency bands to be distributed in a multi-frequency DAS.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus receives discovery resource information from a base station, sends a discovery signal based on the discovery resource information, and receives from at least one user equipment (UE) a request for relaying with the base station based on the discovery signal. The apparatus may also receive a discovery signal from a relay, and send to the relay a request for relaying with a base station based on the discovery signal. The apparatus may further receive a discovery signal from each of a plurality of relays, determine to select one of the plurality of relays based on the discovery signal from each relay, and send to a selected relay a request for relaying with a base station based on the discovery signal when one of the plurality of relays is determined to be selected.

Abstract: Techniques to automatically switch among video signals in a television broadcast are disclosed. A trigger decoder may receive a network video signal for a network program. The network video signal may be comprised of a video signal and a trigger control signal. The trigger control signal may comprise a time period indicative of how long until a station break is to occur within the network program. The trigger decoder may separate the video signal from the trigger control signal. A latency adjuster may determine a delay between the transmission of the network video signal and the reception of the network video signal. A master control switcher clock may be reset based on the delay. The master control switcher may receive the video signal for the network program, and one or more video signals from one or more video servers containing video content.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are also directed towards a method that includes maintaining a transmission period which has a start time and an end time synchronized to metrological time. Further, this method, in response to the start time, begins transmission of a frame, which includes a plurality of symbols. This transmission occurs over power distribution lines that carry power using alternating current (AC). This method also includes synchronizing a transmission time for each symbol of the plurality of symbols according to a time-based parameter of the AC. In response to reaching an end of the frame, a synchronization symbol period is determined for a synchronization symbol, as a function of the transmission times, for the plurality of symbols and time from the end of the frame to the end time. The synchronization symbol is then transmitted on the power distribution lines.

Abstract: There is stored a database of registration information associating UEs with cells under control of different network operators. In response to a inquiry from a first network operator that a first UE desires direct communications with a second UE, the registration information is used to coordinate between the first network operator and the second network operator to facilitate establishment of a direct communication link between the first UE and the second UE. In various embodiments the facilitating is enhancing the inquiry/page by adding a cell ID of the first UE's cell and adding pre-allocated radio resources in the first UE's cell for use by the second UE in responding to the page, and determining a single network which is not highly loaded and which can allocate resources for the D2D communications and directing one or both UEs to that single network.

Abstract: User equipment (UE) associated with synchronous networks operate in a synchronous mode while UEs associated with asynchronous networks operate in an asynchronous mode. When operating in a synchronous mode, a UE can significantly improve performance of synchronization signal detection, data decoding, and tracking loop management by using the interference cancellation (IC) techniques that are not available in an asynchronous mode of operation. Obtaining synchronization indicators and determining the synchronization status of the current network by UE is disclosed. The determination may be based on the synchronization indicator, whether detected through signal detection, signal measurements, signal analysis, or the like.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for error checking are disclosed. In one embodiment, an error checking system is used on a device that has a plurality of parallel data lanes as inputs. It may be desired to provide an error checking system with sufficient resolution to detect single-bit errors, determine how many bits are in error, and/or determine which bit(s) of a parallel data lane are in error. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for switchable error checking through the use of a multiplexor configured to select a particular data lane for error checking. This switchable error checking may provide benefits such as low cost, low power consumption, and/or low size.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided in connection with enabling distributed frequency synchronization based on an average clock rate. In one example, a UE is equipped to receive a synchronization signal from each of one or more UEs, perform an averaging process to generate an average clock rate based at least on the received synchronization signals, and adjust an internal clock rate based on the average clock rate. In another example, a UE is equipped to adjust an internal clock rate of a UE based on timing information provided by a GPS, select a sequence to communicate a synchronization signal transmission from a subset of sequences reserved for GPS connected UEs, and transmit the synchronization signal based on the adjusted internal clock rate.

Abstract: A computing method includes accepting a notification of a computing task for execution by a group of compute nodes interconnected by a communication network, which has a given interconnection topology and includes network switching elements. A set of preferred paths, which connect the compute nodes in the group via at least a subset of the network switching elements to one or more root switching elements, are identified in the communication network based on the given interconnection topology and on a criterion derived from the computing task. The network switching elements in the subset are configured to forward node-level results of the computing task produced by the compute nodes in the group to the root switching elements over the preferred paths, so as to cause the root switching elements to calculate and output an end result of the computing task based on the node-level results.

Abstract: A stratum-1 configuration for a timing network is defined. The stratum-1 configuration includes a single active stratum-1 server usable in ensuring that the servers in the network use the same primary reference time to synchronize their clocks. The servers in the network are synchronizing to the same root primary reference time and synchronization accuracy is not dependent on the quality of an external time source or of the existence of an external time source at the stratum-1 server.

Abstract: Particular embodiments are directed towards a method for communicating time-based data in a power line communication system. The communication system utilized in the method includes: a command center; a collector device; and a plurality of endpoint devices. The method includes communicating, from the collector device, downstream data to the plurality of endpoint devices. This downstream communication utilizes a communication protocol that is relative to a collector network time, and is over a set of power distribution lines carrying alternating current (AC). The collector network time uses the local oscillator. The AC zero-crossing event can be used as a time base for other versions of the network time. Conceptually, the AC can be thought of as acting as a reference clock for maintaining these other network times, although the clocking function can be carried out in the digital realm, e.g., using a digital-signal processor (DSP).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. In particular, for the transmission of a locating zone configured across one or more superframes for transmitting a locating synchronizing signal for determining the location of a terminal in a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system of the present invention transmits, to a terminal, a superframe header including information indicating whether or not to transmit the locating zone. Thus, the terminal can discern a terminal belonging to the location zone form among superframes received by the terminal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for direct communication between terminals. The method for performing communication between terminals using a first terminal in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: transmitting request information for communication between terminals to a base station; receiving, from the base station, control information necessary for setting a link for communication between the terminals after transmitting the request information; setting a direct link between the terminals for data flow between the first and second terminals using the control information; and the first and second terminals performing communication for data transmission using the direct link between the terminals when the control information is not transmitted from the base station.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing an operating clock with a time clock in an automation network comprising a plurality of sync slaves that are to be coordinated and a time sync master, wherein the plurality of sync slaves are synchronized with respect to the time clock by the time sync master, and wherein the plurality of sync slaves derive their operating clock from the time clock.

Abstract: A method of discarding logged measurements in a wireless communication system is provided. A user equipment in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected mode receives a Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) configuration from a base station and starts a validity timer upon receiving the MDT configuration. The user equipment in an RRC idle mode logs measurements based on the MDT configuration to collect logged measurements while the validity timer is running. When the validity timer is expired, the user equipment discards the MDT configuration and starts a conservation timer. When the conservation timer is expired, the logged measurements are discarded.

Abstract: A method and system for establishing a P2P communication connection between mobile stations in a cellular communication system are provided, in which a first mobile station transmits a first request message requesting setup of a P2P communication connection to a base station, receives a neighbor table including information about mobile stations capable of P2P communications with the first mobile station from the base station, selects a second mobile station with which to establish the P2P communication connection using the neighbor table, and establishes the P2P communication connection with the second mobile station.

Abstract: A networking device includes a plurality of network ports and a clock synchronizer. Each network port is configured to receive a respective signal over a respective physical medium. A selected network port is configured to recover a clock signal from the respective signal received by the selected network port. Each of the network ports is configured to be selectable as the selected network port. The clock synchronizer is configured to generate a transmit clock signal in response to the clock signal recovered by the selected network port. The selected network port is configured to transmit data over the respective physical medium according to a local clock signal generated by a clock signal generator local to the networking device. Each network port other than the selected network port is configured to transmit data over the respective physical medium according to the transmit clock signal generated by the clock synchronizer.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus disposed within two network layers operative at different data rates is provided. The data transmission apparatus is coupled to a clock generator which provides a reference clock for a lower network layer and is coupled to a frequency synthesizer with an integer division factor that generates a divided clock for an upper network layer according to the reference clock and the integer division factor. The data transmission apparatus includes a first processing circuit and a second processing circuit. The first processing circuit corresponding to the upper network layer receives and transmits data by using the divided clock as its operation frequency. The second processing circuit corresponding to the lower network layer receives and transmits data from the first processing circuit by using the reference clock as an operation frequency for encoding data. The divided clock is generated from the frequency synthesizer with the integer division factor.

Abstract: A communication system includes: a plurality of lanes; a plurality of transmission circuits respectively outputting data to the lanes in accordance with a transmission clock; and a plurality of reception circuits respectively receiving data from the lanes, each reception circuit includes: a clock data recovery circuit extracting own clock information from received data: a clock information switch circuit selecting either one of the own clock information of the reception circuit or another own clock information of an another reception circuit; a phase shifter generating a phase adjusted clock from a common reception clock source in accordance with clock information selected by the clock information switch circuit; and an input circuit taking in transmitted data in accordance with the adjusted clock, and the clock information switch circuit selects the own clock information in a normal operation and selects the another own clock information in an eye-opening measurement operation.

Abstract: A method of determining at a receiver whether a received signal comprises a pure tone signal component. The method comprises: measuring a received signal over a measurement period; calculating, using maximum likelihood hypothesis testing, a likelihood ratio value for the measured signal and, determining, based on said likelihood ratio value, whether the measured signal comprises a pure tone signal component. The likelihood ratio value is a value indicative of the ratio of a likelihood LFSC that the measured signal comprises a pure tone signal component, and a likelihood LnoFSC that the measured signal does not comprise the pure tone signal component.

Abstract: Data is synchronized between a mobile device and a computing device over a wireless link. Synchronization operations are scheduled according to a synchronization schedule that is based on a current time of day. In one embodiment, the day can be divided into different time periods by the user. The user can also specify the frequency with which synchronization operations are to be performed during each specified period.

Abstract: A multi-port information communication system includes a reference clock signal generator configured to generate a reference clock signal. The system also includes a phase controller configured to generate a plurality of information communication clock signals based on the reference clock signal by staggering a phase of each of the information communication clock signals. The phase controller includes a delay-locked loop configured to generate a plurality of delay-locked loop signals based on the reference clock signal, and a plurality of time delay elements. Each time delay element is configured to produce a respective one of the information communication clock signals by adding a respective delay to a respective one of the delay-locked loop signals. The system includes information communication devices each including a respective transmitter. Each of the transmitters is configured to operate in response to a respective one of the information communication clock signals.

Abstract: In one aspect, a distributed coherent transmission system enables transmissions from separate wireless transmitters with independent frequency or clock references to emulate a system where all the transmitters share a common frequency or clock reference. Differences in frequency and/or phase between transmitters are addressed by suitably precoding signals before modulation at one or more of the transmitters based on a synchronizing transmission from one of the transmitters (e.g., a master transmitter) received at a corresponding receiver sharing the frequency or clock reference with each of the one or more transmitters. Such a distributed coherent transmission system can allow N single-antenna transmitters with independent frequency or clock references to emulate a single N-antenna Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) transmitter, or implement schemes such as distributed superposition coding or lattice codes that require coherence across separate transmitters.

Abstract: Embodiments of a synchronous data system and method for generating phase-aligned output data are generally described herein. In some embodiments, the synchronous data system includes a plurality of transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) pairs, each associated with a delay-locked loop (DLL) and arranged to generate corresponding output data stream based on a high-speed clock of the associated TX-RX pair. The DLL associated with each TX-RX pair is a phase-shifter DLL that includes an adjustable phase shifter arranged to minimize the phase error between the system clock and the module clock to edge-align the high-speed clocks of each TX-RX pair.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for time synchronization are disclosed. The method comprising: obtaining a master sending time stamp, a slave receiving time stamp, a slave sending time stamp, and a master receiving time stamp; and adjusting the time of the slave clock according to the offset calculated from the time stamps to synchronize with the clock time of the master clock. With the present invention, in passband transmission systems that transmit signals continuously in units of symbols, the time synchronization is implemented between the master clock and the slave clock.

Abstract: A method and device for synchronizing the recording of data in pipeline networks, in which at least two sensor units arranged spaced apart are disposed for detecting a leak, each sensor unit including at least one sensor for registering an analog signal, at least one GPS receiver and at least one communication module which communicates by radio with at least one data logger, characterized in that the synchronization for the purpose of recording data is started via a GPS trigger pulse from at least one GPS satellite.

Abstract: A clock distribution module for a digital synchronous system is described. The clock distribution module comprising a first node arranged to comprise a clock signal comprising a propagation delay relative to a reference clock signal, at least one further node arranged to comprise a clock signal comprising a propagation delay relative to the reference clock signal corresponding to that of the first node, and a clock configuration module. The clock configuration module is arranged to receive at least one indication of clock skew between the first node and at least one further node of the clock distribution module, and to selectively couple the first node to the at least one further node based at least partly on the at least one indication of clock skew there between.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a technique of enabling to confirm the state of a partner apparatus in high-speed serial communication. An information processing apparatus including a master and a slave which is connected with the master by a plurality of signal lines to be able to make serial communication therewith, the master comprises: a decision unit configured to decide a change in signal level of a data signal line, and a switching unit arranged between the data signal line and the decision unit, and configured to switch whether to invert a logical value based on the fact that the decision unit has decided a change in signal level of the data signal line.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a point-to-point two-lineserial interface (TSI) suitable for use in a wireless communications device as well as in other applications. The TSI may employ a protocol providing multiple frame formats to achieve delivery of one type of message with a reduced latency and other messages at increased latencies. Further, although the master initiates reads, the slave circuit may signal the master in real time over the TSI.

Abstract: A power line carrier modem is configured for coupling to AC power lines. The power line carrier modem includes a processor, an output from the processor, a plurality of inputs to the processor, and a directional coupler operatively connected to the output, the plurality of inputs, and the AC power lines. The power line carrier modem may further include a digital-to-analog-converter operatively connected to the output from the processor. The output from the processor may be an output bus. The power line carrier modem further includes an analog-to-digital-converter operatively connected to the plurality of inputs to the processor. The power line carrier modem may be configured to perform Vector Network Analysis functions. The power line carrier modem may be configured to indicate PLC modem transmit frequencies being reflected from the AC power lines or the line coupler. The transmitter functions may be implemented in software by the processor to provide a transmit output on the output line.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically switching functions associated with a leading radio to another radio on a channel is disclosed. The method includes receiving, from a leading radio by at least one other radio operating on a channel, an associated timing signal via at least one control timing message. Other radios use the timing signal to synchronize transmissions made on the channel. The method also includes receiving, by the other radios, an indication that the leading radio can no longer provide control timing messages. The method further includes maintaining, by each radio on the channel, values for various elements associated with radios operating on the channel and selecting a new leading radio from the other radios based on priorities of the various elements.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a system comprises a clock, a root node, a radio channel network, and first and second child nodes. The clock may be configured to generate a clock signal. The root node may be configured to generate a first frame including a first payload and a first overhead and generate a second frame including a second payload and a second overhead. The first and second overheads may comprise a synchronization value based on the clock signal. The radio channel network may be in communication with the root node for transmitting the first and second frames. Each first and second child nodes may be configured to perform clock recovery including frequency synchronization using the synchronization value and a respective phase-lock loop.

Abstract: A wireless phasing voltmeter determines the phase difference between the voltage carried by a reference electrical conductor and a field conductor. The voltage signal from the reference conductor is detected by a first unit and compared to a precision 60 Hz wave form generated from a first 1 pps GPS signal. The phase difference between the wave form and the reference conductor, represented by nine data bits, is used to modulate a radio frequency carrier wave and transmitted via simplex transmission to a second unit near an electrical conductor in the field. The second unit receives the modulated carrier wave, decodes the phase angle difference and compares it to a second phase angle difference between the voltage on the field conductor and a second precision 60 Hz wave form generated from a second 1 pps GPS signal. The difference between the two phase differences determines the phase of the field conductor.

Abstract: A master device and slave devices are connected with each other through an SDA and an SCL, and at least one of a serial communication data signal communicated through the SDA and a serial communication clock signal communicated through the SCL is latched with use of a noise removal clock signal whose frequency is higher than that of the serial communication clock signal, and is taken in.