Abstract: Provided is a living cell microbeam directional and quantitative irradiation imaging apparatus. The problem that qualitative analysis of the mechanism of action of biological cells irradiated cannot accurately study the mechanism of action of different irradiation doses on biological cells as the cell irradiation technology can be only used to perform qualitative irradiation on living biological cells is solved. The apparatus includes a vertical microbeam terminal, a living cell directional irradiation module, a wide-field microscopic module, a mode switching module, and a single-proton counting and radiation synchronous control module.

Abstract: A CT scanning method compensates gantry motion blurring in projection measurement based on synchronized focal spot movement and detector data shifting. Tube power is increased by moving the focal on the target and reducing focal spot dwell duration. The CT scanning method is used on helical CT and cone beam with a rotating anode source and CBCT and TBCT with a linear array x-ray source.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to radiology and radiotherapy and particularly, but not exclusively, to apparatuses, methods, and systems for multi-axis medical imaging of patients in vertical and horizontal positions with single or dual energy acquisition.

Abstract: In an X-ray inspection apparatus, an X-ray detector starts to acquire an X-ray image before a motor is started and outputs a periodic acquisition timing signal of the X-ray image, a generation circuit control unit generates a motor start signal based on a first signal generated from the acquisition timing signal, and a start signal generation circuit generates and outputs a controller start signal to a controller at an output timing of the acquisition timing signal after receiving the motor start signal. A CT image is generated based on a plurality of the X-ray images that are acquired after a rotation speed of the motor reaches a fixed speed.

Abstract: A device configured to receive a first point cloud data for a first item, to identify a first plurality of data points for the first object within the first point cloud data, and to extract the first plurality of data points from the first point cloud data. The device is further configured to receive a second point cloud data for the first item, to identify a second plurality of data points for the first object within the second point cloud data, and to extract a second plurality of data points from the second point cloud data. The device is further configured to merge the first plurality of data points and the second plurality of data points to generate combined point cloud data and to determine dimensions for the first object based on the combined point cloud data.

Abstract: The present application provides an initial, or first, packed arc setup to be compared with predefined arc setup constraints. These predefined arc setup constraints constrain at least one or more of the number of patient table angles per target volume, the number of times the gantry moves along one arc per table angle, the sum of gantry span per metastasis over all arcs, and the minimum table span. Based on the result of the comparison between the packed first arc setup with the predefined arc setup constraints, a second arc setup is automatically suggested. The automatically suggested second arc setup may then be compared with the first arc setup by calculating a score for both setups. Several iterations of such a method can be carried out based on the comparison between an arc setup and the following, subsequent arc setup in the iteration.

Abstract: Provided is a method for determining tube electrical parameters. The method includes: acquiring target projection data of an imaging device in scanning a target object at a first scan angle; acquiring target noise data corresponding to the target object; determining current noise data corresponding to the target projection data; and determining, based on the target noise data and the current noise data, the tube electrical parameters of the imaging device in scanning the target object at a second scan angle.

Abstract: A multi-layer X-ray detector comprises a first X-ray converter, a first sensor, a second X-ray converter, a second sensor, and an internal anti-scatter device. The first sensor is located at a first sensor layer and is configured to detect radiation emitted from the first X-ray converter. The second sensor is located at a second sensor layer and is configured to detect radiation emitted from the second X-ray converter. The first X-ray converter and the first sensor form a first detector pair, and the second X-ray converter and the second sensor form a second detector pair. The internal anti-scatter device comprises a plurality of X-ray absorbing septa walls and is located between the first detector pair and the second detector pair. No structure of the internal anti-scatter device is located within either layer of the first detector pair, and no structure of the anti-scatter device is located within either layer of the second detector pair.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an x-ray backscatter apparatus for non-destructive inspection of a part. The x-ray backscatter apparatus comprises an x-ray source and an x-ray collimator. The x-ray collimator comprises a plurality of emission apertures and a detection aperture. The x-ray backscatter apparatus further comprises an x-ray intensity sensor that is fixed to the x-ray collimator over the detection aperture such that any portion of an uncollimated x-ray emission collimated into the detection aperture is detected by the x-ray intensity sensor. The x-ray backscatter apparatus additionally comprises an emission alignment adjuster that is operable to adjust a position of the uncollimated x-ray emission relative to the plurality of emission apertures and the detection aperture in response to a position, relative to the detection aperture, of a peak intensity of the uncollimated x-ray emission passing into the detection aperture, detected by the x-ray intensity sensor.

Abstract: One or more example embodiments relates to a system for calibration and/or for quality control of an FFS X-ray system, a corresponding FFS X-ray system, a control facility suitable for it and to a method for calibration and/or for quality control of the FFS X-ray system.

Abstract: A method for estimating a dose rate, based on measurements taken by a gamma camera, the gamma camera defining an observation field. The estimated dose rate originates from irradiating sources located in the observation field, the irradiating sources emitting ionizing electromagnetic radiation, and the observation field is discretized into a mesh. The gamma camera comprises pixels, each pixel being configured to detect the ionizing electromagnetic radiation, during an acquisition time, and form an energy spectrum therefrom such that together the pixels allow a position of the irradiating sources in the observation field to be obtained in one energy band or in a plurality of energy bands. The method comprising estimating a dose rate generated, at the gamma camera, by points of the mesh.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus according to an embodiment includes a buffer and a processing circuitry. The buffer temporarily stores therein data detected by an X-ray detector. The processing circuitry controls transfer of the data in units of a scan, the data being acquired by each scan of a scan plan constituted of a plurality of scans.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-assisted tomography (CT) system having the following features: a) at least one X-ray source, b) at least one patient couch for supporting a patient, c) at least one first X-ray detector, provided permanently or at least temporarily in the ray path of the X-rays radiated by the X-ray source through the patient couch, d) at least one second X-ray detector, provided permanently or at least temporarily in the ray path of the X-rays radiated by the X-ray source through the patient couch, e) at least one actuable drive mechanism, using which the first and/or second X-ray detector can be moved from a position in the ray path of the X-rays radiated by the X-ray source through the patient couch, to a position outside the ray path and vice versa, f) at least one electronic control device that is configured to actuate the drive mechanism.

Abstract: A gantry cooling system of a diagnostic medical imaging apparatus transfers apparatus-generated heat, such as gantry heat, to a solid material heatsink, via a circulating-fluid coolant conduit. In some embodiments, the heatsink is incorporated in the ground or within the building structure housing the apparatus.

Abstract: A digital detector includes a conversion block intended to convert incident radiation into electric charge; an electronic card that converts the electric charge into a digital image, the conversion block comprising N conversion stages superposed on one another, N being an integer between 2 and M, each of the N conversion stages comprising: a monolithic substrate; a first converter assembly in the form of a polygonal matrix array, M being the number of sides of the polygonal matrix array, M preferably being equal to 4, and configured so as to generate the electric charge on the basis of the incident radiation; an addressing and driving module for addressing and driving the matrix array, the addressing and driving module being arranged on the monolithic substrate along one side of the polygonal matrix array; each of the N conversion stages being oriented by at least 1/M of a turn with respect to the other N?1 conversion stages of the conversion block, and with an orientation distinct from the other N?1 conversi

Abstract: A center shift amount estimating apparatus for estimating a deviation between a rotation axis of the sample and a center of a detector with respect to an X-ray source in a CT device, comprises a region specifying unit for specifying a region of interest in a reconstructed uncorrected image to avoid an area where there is an extremely different pixel value from the surrounding area, a temporary correction unit for correcting an assumed center shift amount to reconstruct a temporarily corrected image with respect to the region of interest, an index analyzing unit for searching an extreme value of an index representing variation of pixel values in the temporarily corrected image, and a center shift amount specifying unit for specifying an actual center shift amount with respect to the extreme value.

Abstract: An ionizing radiation detector includes a p-type semiconductor single crystal substrate having first and second major planar opposing surfaces, where the p-type semiconductor single crystal substrate is doped with n-type dopant atoms, and where a concentration of deep level acceptor defects is greater than a concentration of the n-type dopant atoms in the p-type semiconductor single crystal substrate; a cathode electrode on the first major planar opposing surface of the p-type semiconductor single crystal substrate, and a plurality of anode electrodes on the second major planar opposing surface of the p-type semiconductor single crystal substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system (10) for X-ray dark-field, phase contrast and attenuation image acquisition. The system comprises an X-ray source (20), an interferometer arrangement (30), an X-ray detector (40), a control unit (50), and an output unit (60). An axis is defined extending from a centre of the X-ray source to a centre of the X-ray detector. An examination region is located between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector. The axis extends through the examination region, and the examination region is configured to enable location of an object to be examined. The interferometer arrangement is located between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector. The interferometer arrangement comprises a first grating (32) and a second grating (34). For a first mode of operation: The control unit is configured to control at least one lateral movement transducer (70) to move the first grating or move the second grating in a lateral position direction perpendicular to the axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a calibration process specifically applicable for limited angle digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). The method includes acquiring a set of X-ray projection exposure images, forming an initial estimate of the projection geometry corresponding to each of X-ray projection exposure images, computing an intermediate DBT reconstruction, establishing a set of rigid transformation parameters applied to an initial projection geometry estimate for each X-ray projection exposure image corresponding to calibration result, and computing a final DBT reconstruction using the set of X-ray projection exposure images and a final calibrated estimate of the projection geometry.

Abstract: A system (100) includes a computer readable storage medium (122) with computer executable instructions (124), including: a biophysical simulator component (126) configured to determine a fractional flow reserve index. The system further includes a processor (120) configured to execute the biophysical simulator component (126) to determine the fractional flow reserve index with spectral volumetric image data. The system further includes a display configured to display the determine fractional flow reserve index.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an apparatus, system, and method for performing energy-resolved scatter imaging during radiation therapy upon a patient. The apparatus includes a radiation detector capable of resolving the energy of the scattered photons due to Compton scattering during radiation therapy. The radiation detector outputs a first signal when photon energy of the detected photons is within a first energy range and a second signal when photon energy of the detected photons is within a second energy range. The apparatus also includes an image controller configured to receive the first and second signal and obtain an energy-resolved scatter image data set. The energy-resolved scatter imaging improves the contrast and sensitivity for identification of different tissue types. Therefore, tumor tracking during radiation therapy and image guidance during radiotherapy are improved.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for cooling hot spots on a body coil assembly of an MRI system. In one embodiment, an airflow guide of a body coil assembly of an MRI system comprises a first surface that forms an air passage when the airflow guide is positioned on the body coil assembly, the air passage enclosed by the first surface and a second, outer surface of an RF coil of the body coil assembly, the airflow guide configured to channel cool air generated by a fan to the second, outer surface of the RF coil. The airflow guide may be arranged circumferentially around a portion of the RF coil at one or more ends of the RF coil. The airflow guide may be manufactured as a plurality of airflow guide segments that are glued together.

Abstract: An image detector includes a substrate, a circuit layer, a plurality of light detecting elements, a plurality of driving elements and a crystal scintillation layer. The substrate has a surface. The circuit layer is arranged on the surface of the substrate, and defines a plurality of detecting areas arranged in an array. The light detecting elements and the driving elements are disposed at the detecting areas and electrically connected with the circuit layer. Each driving element drives one or more of the light detecting elements. The crystal scintillation layer is arranged opposite to the substrate and covers the detecting areas. The light detecting elements and the driving elements connect with the surface of the substrate. At least one of the light detecting elements and the driving elements is formed by a process different from the process of forming the circuit layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A photon counting radiation detector includes a cell structure including a substrate and an epitaxial layer provided on the substrate, radiation being incident on the epitaxial layer; an inclination ? of the substrate being set in a predetermined range, where tsub is a thickness of the substrate, tepi is a thickness of the epitaxial layer, L is a length of the substrate, and the inclination ? is an inclination of the substrate with respect to an incident direction of the radiation. The epitaxial layer is preferably one type selected from SiC, Ga2O3, GaAs, GaN, diamond, and CdTe. Such a photon counting radiation detector is preferably a direct converting type.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for controlling an X-ray imaging device. The method may include causing an X-ray source to emit X-rays to irradiate a subject. The method may also include generating an X-ray image of the subject. The X-ray image may be generated using a detector that is arranged to face the X-ray source to detect a portion of the X-rays that pass through the subject. And the method may further include causing to project, using an optical projection device, the X-ray image of the subject on a surface of the subject.

Abstract: Apparatus for x-ray CT scanning of an object includes an x-ray generator 1 mounted on a first support 3 on an outer ring 4 and an x-ray detector 2 mounted on a second support 10 on an inner ring 11, and a drive mechanism arranged to rotate the outer and inner rings 4, 11. The outer and inner rings have a first common axis of rotation and the diameter of the outer ring 4 is greater than the diameter of the inner ring 11 The drive mechanism includes a gearing arrangement connecting the outer and inner rings 4,11. The gearing arrangement comprises first and second toothed rotary gears 14,16.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a detector, comprising: a radiation absorption layer comprising an electric contact; a filter electrically connected to the electric contact and configured to attenuate signals from the electric contact below a first cutoff frequency; an integrator electrically connected to the filter and configured to integrate signals from the filter over a period of time.

Abstract: A method of operating a radiation apparatus is described. The method includes selecting at least a first angle and a second angle from a set of angles for a first rotation of a gantry of a radiation apparatus. The method also includes generating, using an imaging device mounted to the gantry, a first tracking image of a target from the first angle during the first rotation of the gantry. The method further includes generating, using the imaging device, a second tracking image of the target from the second angle during the first rotation of the gantry.

Abstract: Improved imaging devices and methods. A portable SPECT imaging device may co-register with imaging modalities such as ultrasound. Gamma camera panels including gamma camera sensors may be connected to a mechanical arm. A coded aperture mask may be placed in front of a gamma-ray photon sensor and used to construct a high-resolution three-dimensional map of radioisotope distributions inside a patient, which can be generated by scanning the patient from a reduced range of directions around the patient and with radiation sensors placed in close proximity to this patient. Increased imaging sensitivity and resolution is provided. The SPECT imaging device can be used to guide medical interventions, such as biopsies and ablation therapies, and can also be used to guide surgeries.

Abstract: An imaging system that is configured to automatically obtain and provide two and three-dimensional digital images of various types of objects (e.g., tissue specimens, animals, electrical devices, etc.) for use in analysis thereof in a manner free of manual repositioning of the objects between images and free of movement of an electromagnetic radiation source and detector within or relative to a cabinet housing of the system.

Abstract: A method of grouping detection events in an imaging apparatus is described herein. The detection events can include primary detection events and secondary scattered events, which are frequently discarded due to the secondary scattered events, thus reducing sensitivity of the dataset for eventual image reconstruction. The method includes cell modules cascaded with identical parametrized cells, in a pipeline fashion, having the last cell in the chain circle back to the first cell. A rotating data pointer indicates the location of the first entry in the cell pipeline. The described method enables the grouping of multiple samples of detector data in real time with no loss of information, based on a time and location of the detected event. The method can be implemented in an FPGA as a hardware-based real time process.

Abstract: A correction X-ray detector according to an embodiment includes a plurality of detector elements configured to detect an X-ray, and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to acquire a plurality of output values respectively corresponding to the plurality of the plurality of detector elements. The processing circuitry is further configured to determine the detector elements to be used in generating correction data based on the plurality of output values.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for processing projection data. The method may include obtaining a first image generated by performing a first scan to a subject by a first imaging device; determining first projection data based on the first image, the first projection data corresponding to a first area of the subject; obtaining second projection data by performing a second scan of the subject using a second imaging device, the second projection data corresponding to a second area of the subject, the first area at least partially overlapping with the second area in an overlapping area; determining registered first projection data by registering the first projection data to the second projection data with respect to the overlapping area; determining scatter component based on the registered first projection data and the second projection data, the scatter component including low-frequency scattered radiation signals.

Abstract: For dead time determination for a gamma camera or other detector, a long-lived point source of emissions is positioned so that the gamma camera detects the emissions from the source while also being used to detect emissions from the patient. The long-lived point source, in the scan time, acts as a fixed frequency source of emissions, allowing for dead time correction measurements that include the crystal detector effects.

Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) measurement data of the patient is acquired using a CT device having a quantum counting X-ray detector, and the CT measurement data is processed to generate result data, considering a specific information content of the CT measurement data resulting from the use of the quantum counting X-ray detector in acquiring the CT measurement data. The result data is suitable for use in the planning of irradiation of the patient. The result data is provisioned to an interface such that the result data is usable for planning the irradiation of the patient.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and system of CT reconstruction can include receiving one or more CT projection images; performing smooth filtering on the one or more CT projection images to generate one or more smooth boundary filtered images; and back-projecting the one or more smooth boundary filtered images.

Abstract: A method for training of a process for generating an image of an object from measurement data modified by scatter radiation. Individual sets of measured data are each made up of matrix elements. Each matrix element corresponds to an individual detector element that detects ionizing radiation. Signals measured by the individual detector elements in an energy bin are assigned as values for each matrix element. The individual sets of measured data and a template image are used as input for a procedure for determining a correction image for correcting a modification of the measured data by the scatter radiation. The preliminary image obtained using the individual sets of measured data is adjusted to the template. These steps are repeated until the deviation between the preliminary image and the template image is below a threshold. The procedure is used to generate the image of the object from the measurement data.

Abstract: An X-ray detector according to embodiments is an X-ray detector of a direct conversion type in which a plurality of X-ray detection elements are arranged in a column direction and a channel direction and voltage is applied between anodes and cathodes. The X-ray detector includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry performs control so as not to use, for generation of image data, data from the X-ray detection elements in end portions in one of the column direction and the channel direction of the X-ray detection elements, and so as to use, for generation of image data, data from the X-ray detection elements in other than the end portions.

Abstract: Although the efficiency of fluoroscopy has always been well known in the Dental clinic, the extra-oral methods that were approached to realize it have always needed a large x-ray dose. This invention lowered the exposure of patient and operator at an extreme level by implementing an intraoral sensor of small area using multiple pickup binning that enhance pulsed x-ray and Signal to noise ratio (SNR) to lower the dose necessary for video. Additionally, it can be used efficiently in dental procedures by suggesting Guide Support Device that includes bite block and open block in between the sensor and emitter for an accurate and convenient scan.

Abstract: A system and method for the prediction of a thermal load for a proposed imaging procedure in view of the current thermal state for an imaging system employs a suitable software program/algorithm which determines a predicted or likely set of individual steps for a proposed imaging procedure to be performed. The system receives parameters for the particular imaging procedure to be performed and compares these parameters with information stored concerning prior performed imaging procedures to locate prior performed imaging procedures that have similar parameters to that for the proposed imaging procedure. The system utilizes the similar prior performed procedures as models of a likely set of imaging steps for the proposed procedure and estimates the heat generation produced by the models. The software program/algorithm can then determine if the entire proposed imaging procedure represented by the models can be successfully performed under the current thermal state for the imaging system.

Abstract: An X-ray scanner includes a frame; an X-ray generator mounted within the frame, and outputting a vertical fan-shaped beam toward an object; the X-ray generator configured to rotate in a left-right direction; a linear vertical X-ray detector mounted in the frame beyond the object, the linear vertical X-ray detector configured to slide in sync with a rotation of the X-ray generator; a first flat panel X-ray detector below the object, the first flat panel X-ray detector being stationary; a second flat panel X-ray detector above the object, the second flat panel X-ray detector being stationary; a workstation that integrates scans from the first flat panel X-ray detector, the second flat panel X-ray detector and the linear vertical X-ray detector to generate a full-body scan of the object.

Abstract: A gamma-ray detector includes a plurality of modular one-dimensional arrays of monolithic detector sub-modules. Each monolithic detector sub-module includes a scintillator layer, a light-spreading layer, and a photodetector layer. The photodetector layer comprises a two-dimensional array of photodetectors that are arranged in columns and rows. A common printed circuit board is electrically coupled to the two-dimensional array of photodetectors of the plurality of modular one-dimensional arrays of monolithic detector sub-modules of a corresponding modular one-dimensional array. The two-dimensional array of photodetectors can be electrically coupled in a split-row configuration or in a checkerboard configuration. The two-dimensional array of photodetectors can also have a differential readout.

Abstract: A measurement image acquisition unit 72 acquires a measurement image indicating a measurement value of a predetermined physical quantity for a measurement target including a plurality of types of body tissues. A body tissue image generation unit 74 generates a body tissue image associated with each of the plurality of types of body tissues by executing, for the each of the plurality of types of body tissues, a filtering process corresponding to the each of the plurality of types of body tissues with respect to the measurement image. A masked body tissue image generation unit 78 generates a masked body tissue image associated with a specific type of body tissue by executing, with respect to the body tissue image associated with the specific type of body tissue, a masking process which is based on the body tissue image associated with a different type of body tissue.

Abstract: A radiation scanning system comprises a radiation detector configured to measure at least some radiation. The radiation detector comprises an arc portion exhibiting a semicircular shape, the arc portion comprising a plurality of facets on a side thereof, a detector module coupled to each facet, the detector module comprising a base portion comprising a first substantially planar surface in contact with the facet, a detector unit coupled to a second substantially planar surface of the base portion, the second substantially planar surface parallel with the first substantially planar surface, and a cooling structure in thermal communication with a side of the arc portion opposite the plurality of facets. Related radiation detectors and radiation systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a circuit (502; 503; 504) configured for operation with a multi-bin photon-counting x-ray detector (20) having multiple energy thresholds, wherein said circuit (502; 503; 504) is configured to obtain or generate several Total Time-Over-Threshold (TTOT) signals corresponding to several different energy thresholds, and provide energy integrating information based on said several TTOT signals.

Abstract: An x-ray treatment system includes an electron beam generator configured to generate an electron beam and an x-ray treatment head comprising an array of pixel source cells including side walls defining an x-ray transmissive interior. The side walls include an x-ray absorptive material. A target element is positioned to, when impacted by the electron beam, generate x-ray photon radiation within the x-ray transmissive pixel source cell interior. An electron beam control system includes a controller configured to control responsive to a treatment plan at least one of the direction and intensity of the electron beam to a particular one of the pixel source cells, and then responsive to the treatment plan to control at least one of the direction and intensity of the electron beam to at least one additional pixel source cell. A method of treating a patient with x-ray photon radiation is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method includes recording a plurality of projection recordings along a linear trajectory. An X-ray source and an X-ray detector move in parallel opposite to one another along the linear trajectory and the examination object is arranged between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector. The method includes reconstructing a tomosynthesis dataset, respective depth information of the examination object is respective determined along an X-ray beam bundle spanned by the motion along the linear trajectory and an X-ray beam fan of the X-ray source perpendicular to the linear trajectory so that different respective depth levels in the object parallel to a detection surface of the X-ray detector are respectively scanned differently. Finally, the method includes determining a first slice image with a first slice thickness in a depth level, among the respective depth levels, substantially parallel to the detection surface of the X-ray detector based on the tomosynthesis dataset.

Abstract: A method of operating imaging and tracking. The method includes determining, for each angle of a plurality of angles from which tracking images can be generated by an imaging device, a value of a tracking quality metric for tracking a target based on an analysis of a projection generated at that angle. The method also includes selecting, by a processing device, a subset of the plurality of angles that have a tracking quality metric value that satisfies a tracking quality metric criterion, one or more angles of the subset to be used to generate a tracking image of the target during a treatment stage, wherein the subset comprises at least a first angle and a second angle that is at least separated by a minimum threshold from the first angle.

Abstract: A radiation detector according to an embodiment includes a scintillator array, a sensor array, electronic circuitry, a switch, and control circuitry. The scintillator array includes a plurality of scintillator pixels each configured to convert radiation into light. The sensor array includes a plurality of detection elements each configured to detect the light. The electronic circuitry is configured to output digital data on the basis of signals output from the detection elements. The switch is provided between the sensor array and the electronic circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to control the switch on the basis of a positional relation between the sensor array and the scintillator array.

Abstract: An imaging control apparatus includes a hardware processor that acquires a first imaging condition set as a imaging condition for a preliminary exposure performed prior to a main exposure that performs an exposure of radiation on a subject, and the hardware processor performs control based on compatibility of the acquired first imaging condition and a second imaging condition input as an imaging condition for the subject.