Abstract: A radiation imaging system comprises a radiation detector having a plurality of pixels for detecting radiation arrayed in a matrix, a plurality of detecting pixels arranged in a region in which the plurality of pixels are arrayed in the matrix and configured to output a signal corresponding to an amount of irradiation with the radiation; and a processing unit. The processing unit receives weighting information associated with a region of interest in an imaging range and generates determination information for controlling irradiation with the radiation by applying the weighting information to the corresponding signal.

Abstract: Described herein is a high-energy x-ray imaging system including a stationary gantry, a conveyor assembly configured to convey an object to be imaged through the gantry, a plurality of linear accelerators, a detector array, and a control system. The linear accelerators are arranged in an array within the gantry and are configured to generate high-energy x-ray fan beams to be transmitted through the object. The detector array is positioned opposite the linear accelerators and is configured to collect the high-energy x-ray fan beams transmitted through the object. The control system is configured to energize the linear accelerators according to a predetermined control sequence to generate the high-energy x-ray fan beams, and construct a 3-D image of the object based on data received from the detector array and representative of the high-energy x-ray fan beams transmitted through the object.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus of an embodiment includes a processing circuitry. The processing circuitry detects X-rays radiated from an X-ray tube in units of photons. The processing circuitry stores first energy spectrum information acquired by detecting X-rays at a first timing. The processing circuitry acquires second energy spectrum information by detecting X-rays at a second timing after the first timing. The processing circuitry determines a state of the X-ray tube on the basis of the first energy spectrum information and the second energy spectrum information.

Abstract: A computerized method for estimating bone mineral density, z and t-scores and/or fracture risk by receiving single-energy x-rays of the thoracic spine, chest x-ray, lumbar spine, whole body x-ray, hip, arm, leg, hand or foot in addition to imaging technical parameters and clinical parameters such as patient demographics, medical history, and other risk factors. The results are presented to a user for the diagnosis or screening of osteoporosis and/or risk stratification of osteoporotic fractures. A classifier may be trained using a dataset of single energy x-rays correlated to results from dual energy x-ray readings performed in the same patient and of the same body part, along with fracture incidence, to correlate the inputs provided to the desired output. A classifier may also be trained to predict fracture risk directly from x-ray image data and optionally additional patient characteristics.

Abstract: An exemplary method for predicting one or more adipose depots for a patient includes receiving one or more Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans comprising at least a portion of a torso of the patient; providing at least one or more portions of the one or more DEXA scans to a trained machine-learning model, wherein the machine-learning model is trained using a training dataset comprising: a plurality of training DEXA scans of a plurality of subjects and a plurality of corresponding Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-image-based adiposity scores of the plurality of subjects; and predicting the one or more adipose depots for the patient utilizing the trained machine-learning model.

Abstract: A food processing apparatus for processing food products, in particular meat products, includes a press for pressing the food products with specific pressing parameters and a control unit which is connected on its output side to the press and sets the pressing parameters. A first analyzing device for analyzing the food products before pressing and for generating corresponding first analysis parameters of the food products is provided. The first analysis parameters represent product properties of the analyzed food product. The control unit is connected to the first analyzing device and sets the pressing parameters depending on the first analysis parameters.

Abstract: A sorting-based garbage classification method and a sorting-based garbage classification device are provided. The method utilizes quantitative features of domestic garbage components and adopts bubble sort algorithm to build a sorting model to sort and classify domestic garbage. The method is more in line with technical requirements of downstream incineration, pyrolysis gasification and so on, and has the features of high fault tolerance rate and high operation efficiency, and is characterized by controllable environmental impact, flexible product form and high energy utilization efficiency in the operation process.

Abstract: A system for inspecting an object includes a turntable on which the object may be placed. The turntable rotates the object about a first rotation axis. The system also includes an X-ray source to generate an X-ray beam in a plane to intersect with the object. The system also includes an X-ray detector that can detect at least a portion of the X-ray beam transmitted through the object during rotation and generate image data based on the detected X-ray beam. Also included is a controller that can: generate an image of the object based on the image data; determine, based on a suspect item identified in the image of the object, a second rotation axis at an angle from the first axis; cause a tilt of the turntable so that it is perpendicular to the second axis; and initiate a subsequent rotation of the object about the second axis.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for assigning a material value score to a waste printed circuit board or a portion thereof and system for sorting waste printed circuit boards.

Abstract: An estimation apparatus includes an input unit and an approximator. Input information including an image in which a bone appears is input into the input unit. The approximator is configured to determine an estimation result related to bone density of the bone from the input information. The approximator includes a learned parameter to obtain the estimation result.

Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction from polychromatic projection data. In an embodiment, polychromatic projection data is acquired using a CT system. An optimal correction value for linearization of the polychromatic projection data is determined, and the polychromatic projection data is linearized according to the determined optimal correction value. The image is then reconstructed from the linearized projection data.

Abstract: A system includes a top scanner head configured over a coated substrate. An x-ray sensor and a second x-ray sensor scan the coated substrate. At least one of the x-ray sensor and second x-ray sensor is tuned to an energy level below an absorption peak and at least one of the x-ray sensor and second x-ray sensor is tuned to an energy level above the absorption peak. The x-ray sensor and second x-ray sensor scan a same sheet spot on the coated substrate. A bottom scanner head is configured underneath the coated substrate to provide a location for a detection of x-rays for the x-ray sensor and the second x-ray sensor.

Abstract: Method, device and computer program for managing units of bulk material of an ore mine with a throughput of a few tons of bulk material per minute, wherein a material property of each unit, in particular on a conveyor system, is determined, an entry for each unit containing the respective material property of the unit and the position of each unit are stored in a database, and additional includes at least one (i) determining a transport path downstream for the each unit based on the respective entry in the database, (ii) adapting the subsequent processing of each unit based on the material property of the unit, and creating a virtual model of the repository if a unit is supplied to a repository, where a position of each unit is stored, together with its respective material property, in the database.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for distributed ledger for physical material. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a first set of information regarding a physical material to be verified, the first set of information including hundreds of values for channels of a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the physical material in response to an irradiation of the physical material; obtaining a second set of information regarding the physical material to be verified; sending the first and second sets of information over the communication network to a verification computer system; receiving verification information; initiating addition of information usable to identify the first set of information and the digital signature to a distributed digital ledger; receiving confirmation of the addition of the information useable to identify the first set of information and the digital signature to the distributed digital ledger; and reporting that the physical material has been verified.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying blood vessels in ultrasound images and displaying blood vessels in ultrasound images are described. In some embodiments, the method is implemented by a computing device and includes receiving an ultrasound image that includes one or more blood vessels, and determining, with a neural network implemented at least partially in hardware of the computing device, diameters of the one or more blood vessels in the ultrasound image. The method includes receiving a user selection of an instrument size, and indicating, in the ultrasound image, at least one blood vessel of the one or more blood vessels based on the instrument size and the diameters of the one or more blood vessels.

Abstract: A method of detecting defects on a surface or interface of a part is provided. The method includes: providing data from an X-ray scan of the part; processing the scan data to obtain an original 3D or 2D model of a surface or interface topology of the part; and filtering the original 3D or 2D model of the surface or interface topology to identify deviations from the expected surface or interface topology of the part. The identified deviations may be produced by surface or interface defects on the part.

Abstract: A computerized method for estimating bone mineral density, z and t-scores and/or fracture risk by receiving single-energy x-rays of the thoracic spine, chest x-ray, lumbar spine, whole body x-ray, hip, arm, leg, hand or foot in addition to imaging technical parameters and clinical parameters such as patient demographics, medical history, and other risk factors. The results are presented to a user for the diagnosis or screening of osteoporosis and/or risk stratification of osteoporotic fractures. A classifier may be trained using a dataset of single energy x-rays correlated to results from dual energy x-ray readings performed in the same patient and of the same body part, along with fracture incidence, to correlate the inputs provided to the desired output. A classifier may also be trained to predict fracture risk directly from x-ray image data and optionally additional patient characteristics.

Abstract: Examples of determining electronic component authenticity via electronic signal signature measurement are discussed. Reference pin identifiers corresponding to pins of a known authentic electronic component are determined. Measurement values corresponding to characteristics of pins of an electronic component are obtained, and pin identifiers based on the measurement values are generated. Accordingly, an indication that the electronic component is authentic can be provided based at least in part on a comparison of the pin identifiers and the reference pin identifiers.

Abstract: A system is provided. The system includes a conveyor apparatus configured for conveying a material and a water content measurement system positioned about the conveyor apparatus for determining water content in the material. A dimension characteristic measurement system for detecting one or more dimension characteristics of the material is provided and a computer device is configured to manipulate data received from the water content measurement system and the dimension characteristic measurement system to determine a water content of the material.

Abstract: A method of imaging includes obtaining a first image including projection data representing an intensity of X-rays detected by a plurality of detectors at a first X-ray exposure setting, the X-rays being emitted from an X-ray source; based on a detection result of a first object in the first image: determining a background region of interest (ROI) around the first object, the background ROI including background ROI pixels having a first intensity value corresponding to the intensity of the X-rays; and converting, for each pixel of the background ROI pixels, the first intensity values of the background ROI pixels to a normalized X-ray attenuation factor; and determining a second X-ray exposure setting for use in obtaining a second image based on the background ROI pixels converted to the normalized X-ray attenuation factor.

Abstract: A calculation method for a dual-energy X-ray imaging system is provided. The calculation method for the dual-energy X-ray imaging system includes the following steps. A plurality of material attenuation coefficient ratio of the dual-energy projection image are established according to the reference materials with known material characteristics. The effective atomic number of each reference material and the material attenuation coefficient ratio are used to establish a calibration data set. A rational polynomial approximation method is adopted to obtain the characteristic model related to the material attenuation coefficient ratio of the reference material and the effective atomic number of the reference material. The material attenuation coefficient ratio of the dual-energy projection image of unknown material is established.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conveyor system including a first conveyor leading to an inspection point, the first conveyor including a diversion mechanism configured to divert an object based on failing to meet an inspection parameter. The system includes a second conveyor configured to transport a container configured to receive the object from the diversion mechanism. A control module is configured to co-register an image of the object captured at the inspection point with container ID data of the container.

Abstract: A method of analysing granular material in a slurry, the method comprising: compacting the granular material in the slurry to form one or more pucks; irradiating said pucks with X-Ray radiation and detecting X-ray energy transmitted through said one or more irradiated pucks; irradiating a reference material with X-Ray radiation, said reference material having known material characteristics and detecting X-ray energy transmitted through said reference material; comparing X-ray energy transmission through said one or more pucks with the reference material to compute, using a processing unit, one or more particle characteristics of the granular material in the one or more pucks.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes an x-ray sensor including an x-ray source having a high voltage power supply for emitting an x-ray spectrum and an x-ray detector for providing a measured x-ray signal value responsive to the x-rays received after transmission through a coated substrate including a sheet material having a coating material thereon. A second sensor is a beta gauge or infrared sensor for providing a second sensor signal that includes data for determining a total weight per unit area of the coated substrate or of the sheet material A computing device receives the measured x-ray signal value and the second sensor signal configured to implement an x-ray based calculation that utilizes absorption coefficients for the coating material and sheet material, the measured x-ray signal value, the x-ray spectrum, and the weight measure as a calculation constraint, for computing at least the weight per unit area of the coating material.

Abstract: An Auger electron microscope includes a processing unit, and the processing unit performs processing of: acquiring an actually measured Auger spectrum obtained by measuring a test specimen containing an analysis target element; acquiring a plurality of first standard Auger spectra obtained by measuring a plurality of standard specimens each containing the same analysis target element but in different chemical states; calculating, based on a test specimen measurement condition that is a measurement condition when the test specimen has been measured and a standard specimen measurement condition that is a measurement condition when the standard specimens have been measured, a plurality of second standard Auger spectra under the test specimen measurement condition from the plurality of first standard Auger spectra; and performing curve fitting calculation of the actually measured Auger spectrum by using the plurality of calculated second standard Auger spectra.

Abstract: A system and method for material decomposition of a single energy spectrum x-ray dataset includes accessing the single energy spectrum x-ray dataset, receiving a user-selection of a desired energy for decomposition, and decomposing the single energy spectrum x-ray dataset into material bases as a linear combination of energy dependence function of selected basis materials and the corresponding spatial dependence material bases images.

Abstract: A system for radiographic tissue density evaluation includes a cassette for exposure to an X-ray source, where the cassette is configured to obtain information to perform intensity standardization of a captured radiographic image of a subject, a calibration bar with a predetermined radiographic signature on or within the cassette to serve as reference for performing the intensity standardization, and a software program to perform analysis on and to provide a display of the captured radiographic image. The cassette also includes a radio-opaque backing with a spatial homogenous X-ray radiographic signature used to estimate a source-detector geometrical inhomogeneity.

Abstract: A medical processing apparatus includes processing circuitry. Based on a first number of X-ray datasets that correspond to the first number of energies and that are acquired by scanning a subject with X-rays, the processing circuitry generates a second number of virtual monochromatic X-ray datasets, which is a number larger than the first number. Based on the second number of virtual monochromatic X-ray datasets, the processing circuitry estimates quantities of the second number of reference materials mixed or a mixing ratio between the second number of reference materials for each of multiple positions in the subject.

Abstract: A method for analyzing flow of a multiphase fluid through a flowmeter is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes transmitting two beams of electromagnetic radiation along different paths through a multiphase fluid and detecting the two transmitted beams with detectors. The method also includes determining a gas fraction and a water-in-liquid ratio of the multiphase fluid. The gas fraction is determined based on the detected first beam of electromagnetic radiation and the water-in-liquid ratio of the multiphase fluid is determined based on the detected second beam of electromagnetic radiation. Additional systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mammography device capable of recognizing a target person, the mammography device including: a body unit; an arm frame connected to the body unit, and rotating in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; an X-ray generator placed at a top of the arm frame, and emitting X-rays; a mammography plate provided at a position corresponding to the X-ray generator, and obtaining an X-ray image of a breast of a target person; a compression unit placed between the X-ray generator and the mammography plate, and moving vertically to compress a target part; a sensor unit placed inside the mammography plate, and detecting whether the target person is present; and a control unit controlling an operation of the arm frame on the basis of whether the target person is detected by the sensor unit. Accordingly, a safety accident that may occur in a mammography process using the mammography device is reduced.

Abstract: Method of real-time adaptive digital pulse signal processing for high count rate gamma-ray spectroscopy applications includes receiving a preamplifier signal at a pulse deconvolver, the preamplifier signal including resolution deterioration resulting from pulse pile-up. The method further includes generating a deconvoluted signal, by the pulse deconvolver, from the preamplifier signal, the deconvoluted signal having less resolution deterioration as compared to the received preamplifier signal. The method furthermore includes shaping of the deconvoluted signal by a trapezoid filter, the shaping comprising adjusting a shaping parameter of the trapezoid filter for an incoming signal based on a time separation from a subsequent incoming signal.

Abstract: An apparatus to determine the concentration of a target component in a mixture, the apparatus including at least one acoustic transducer located within the mixture, a controller generating a signal for the at least one acoustic transducer that's generating an acoustic signal in the mixture and transmitting same toward the target component within the mixture, wherein the acoustic signal is generated with a known power level, and a processor for measuring change in the power level of the at least one acoustic transducer as the acoustic signal is transmitted through the mixture, wherein the magnitude of the change in signal power determines the concentration of the target component in the mixture.

Abstract: A method is provided for isolating and labeling discrete features in a spectral radiographic image recorded as a set of images in different energy channels. The disclosed method involves creating a profile for each of at least some pixels in the spectral radiographic image. The profiles are sequences of pixel values, in which each pixel value is a photon count or a similar radiographic exposure value indicative of the attenuation of a portion of the scanning beam in a respective energy channel. Iterative hierarchical clustering is used to cluster the pixels on the basis of their respective profiles. Labels are assigned to one or more of the resulting clusters. In implementations, each label can be associated with an inferred material composition or with an inference that the material composition is unknown.

Abstract: There is provided a method for assigning an attribute to x-ray attenuation including scanning in an x-ray scanning device first and second reference materials each having known atomic composition, dimensions and orientation in the scanning device. The device emits x-rays which pass through the first reference material with first reference material path lengths and the second reference material with second reference material path lengths. The x-rays are detected by detectors to provide a plurality of dual-energy attenuation images having dual-energy x-ray attenuation information. The dual-energy x-ray attenuation information in the dual-energy attenuation images is associated with the first and second reference material path lengths.

Abstract: A scanning electron microscope includes an FIB column, an SEM column, and a control unit which controls the FIB column and the SEM column. The control unit performs: processing to control the FIB column so that a cross-section of a specimen S is repeatedly exposed at predetermined intervals; processing to perform a first measurement to acquire a first image by irradiating a cross-section of the specimen S with an electron beam each time when a cross-section of the specimen S is exposed; and processing to perform a second measurement to acquire a second image by irradiating a cross-section of the specimen S with an electron beam each time when a cross-section of the specimen S is exposed n times (n is an integer of 2 or more).

Abstract: A method of generating a three dimensional surface profile of a food object is provided wherein a food object is exposed with a conical X-ray beam while the food object is conveyed. The attenuation of the X-rays after penetrating through the food object is detected, and the detection is performed using a plurality of sensors arranged below the food object. The plurality of sensors are positioned at predetermined angular positions in relation to the X-ray source. For each of the plurality of sensors, the detected attenuation is converted into a penetration length of the X-ray beam, and the penetration length indicates the length from where the X-ray beam enters and leaves the food object. Surface coordinates are sequentially determined using the penetration lengths and the angular positions as input data.

Abstract: A method includes generating spectral projection data of a subject, including at least first spectral projection data corresponding to a first energy range and second spectral projection data corresponding to a second energy range, wherein the first and the second energy range are different. The method further includes constructing an image from a combination of the spectral projection data, and constructing a set of basis images for the 5 energy ranges and from the spectral projection data. The method further includes constructing a multi-dimensional histogram from the set of basis images, wherein the multi-dimensional histogram includes at least two axes, a first corresponding to a first basis component and a second corresponding to a second basis component, and the multi-dimensional histogram includes a set of clusters, including one cluster for each material 10 represented in the spectral projection data.

Abstract: A system for securely controlling deposition and retrieval of shipments (40), including a managing distribution centre, at least one electronic locker unit connected to the managing distribution centre through a communication network, and having several lockable compartments (28i) of different sizes, wherein said at least one electronic locker unit comprises a weighing shipment module (50) located inside each compartment (28i) and made up of an arrangement of several thin flexible force sensors, linked together to circuit board, located under upper bearing plate and attached to bottom of the compartment within respective active measuring areas.

Abstract: Systems and process are provided to make X-ray radiographs sufficiently quantitative and standardized for bone and other biological material or non-biologic material density evaluations. The X-ray radiograph methodology and system provide a cost effective diagnostic tool that may be used with existing X-ray radiography sources already present in many clinics and hospitals to ultimately produce large volumes of scientifically valid data and useful diagnostic and prognostic information. A calibration bar is added to a conventional X-ray film cartridge and images thereof subsequently incorporated into radiographs for interpretation or a cartridge is designed to integrate a calibration function. The calibration standard affords a standard against which material density is measured. A software program is provided to interpret tissue densities (including bone) to ultimately identify values compared to preselected thresholds.

Abstract: A control unit of a console performs a control process of displaying a plurality of images predetermined from at least one of a first radiographic image or a second radiographic image as a simple image, a bone part ES image which is a difference image between the first radiographic image and the second radiographic image and in which a bone tissue is highlighted, a soft part ES image which is a difference image between the first radiographic image and the second radiographic image and in which a soft tissue is highlighted, and a DXA image on a display unit while switching the images and a control process of displaying a derivation result of the bone density and a derivation region on the display unit.

Abstract: A technique for enhancing an image includes manipulating a base image to highlight pixels showing a particular material based on the energy absorption information of each pixel. In another technique, pixels in a base image are each converted to an output value to produce a converted image. Another technique allows imaging an obstructed object within a base image which is made of pixels, each representing a captured signal from a source emitting a source signal I0. An obstruction region contains pixels representing a combined signal I3 having traversed the obstructed object and an obstructive layer. Knowing a layer signal I2 representing a signal having traversed the obstructive layer outside of the obstruction region, the layer signal I2 may be removed from the combined signal I3, in order to reveal the original signal I1 representing an image of the obstructed object.

Abstract: A hybrid system for securely controlling deposition and retrieval of shipments, including a managing distribution centre, at least one electronic locker unit connected to the managing distribution centre through a communication network, and having a control desk and several lockable compartments of different sizes, wherein the electronic locker unit comprises a shape measurement module located inside each compartment for acquiring the shipment content's shape.

Abstract: A system for collecting information from a sample, the system includes an X-ray detector configured to mount to an electron microscope, the X-ray detector including a detection tip with a detection material positioned in the detection tip. The detection material includes a compound semiconductor material.

Abstract: A control unit acquires first radiographic image data and second radiographic image data and derives bone density from an image of a derivation region of a DXA image which is a difference image between a first radiographic image and a second radiographic image. Then, the control unit derives an evaluation value of the accuracy of derivation of the bone density, on the basis of at least one of the first radiographic image, the second radiographic image, and a bone part ES image, a soft part ES image, and a DXA image which are generated using the first radiographic image and the second radiographic image.

Abstract: A method for identifying a material contained in a sample. The sample is subjected to irradiation via ionizing electromagnetic radiation, for example X-rays. The sample is inserted between a source emitting the radiation and a spectrometric detector configured to acquire a spectrum of the radiation transmitted by the sample. The spectrum is subject to different treatment operations to enable classification of the material. The steps are, consecutively: reducing dimensionality, followed by projecting along the predefined projection vectors. Projection makes it possible to establish classification parameters, on the basis of which classification is established.

Abstract: A device and method for material characterization are provided. In one aspect, the method includes detecting packets of radiation emanating from within or passing through one or more items of freight or baggage as a result of irradiation by incident radiation, using a plurality of detectors, each of the detectors being configured to produce an electrical pulse caused by the detected packets having a characteristic size or shape dependent on an energy of the packets. The method further includes processing each of the electrical pulses using one or more digital processors to determine the characteristic size or shape, generating a screening detector energy spectrum for each of the detectors of the energies of the packets detected, and measuring an effective atomic number Z of an unknown material associated with the one or more items of freight or baggage based on the screening detector energy spectra in comparison with calibration measurements.

Abstract: A technique for enhancing an image includes manipulating a base image to highlight pixels showing a particular material based on the energy absorption information of each pixel. In another technique, pixels in a base image are each converted to an output value to produce a converted image. Another technique allows imaging an obstructed object within a base image which is made of pixels, each representing a captured signal from a source emitting a source signal I0. An obstruction region contains pixels representing a combined signal I3 having traversed the obstructed object and an obstructive layer. Knowing a layer signal I2 representing a signal having traversed the obstructive layer outside of the obstruction region, the layer signal I2 may be removed from the combined signal I3, in order to reveal the original signal I1 representing an image of the obstructed object.

Abstract: High-contrast, subtraction, x-ray images of an object are produced via scanned illumination by a laser-Compton x-ray source. The spectral-angle correlation of the laser-Compton scattering process and a specially designed aperture and/or detector are utilized to produce/record a narrow beam of x-rays whose spectral content consists of an on-axis region of high-energy x-rays surrounded by a region of slightly lower-energy x-rays. The end point energy of the laser-Compton source is set so that the high-energy x-ray region contains photons that are above the k-shell absorption edge (k-edge) of a specific contrast agent or specific material within the object to be imaged while the outer region consists of photons whose energy is below the k-edge of the same contrast agent or specific material. Scanning the illumination and of the object by this beam will simultaneously record and map the above edge and below k-edge absorption response of the object.

Abstract: The invention provides a beam intensity/positioning monitor substrate comprising a first metal foil in physical contact with a second metal foil.

Abstract: An X-ray inspection apparatus includes an X-ray source, an X-ray detector, and a stage. A dose rate calculation unit of a control section calculates a dose rate at any position in an inspection space, a stage face information storage unit 32 stores stage face information, an irradiation history monitoring unit monitors a movement locus, a stage face cumulative irradiation dose calculation unit calculates cumulative irradiation dose distribution data, a stage face imaging range calculation unit calculates a stage face imaging range of the X-ray detector, and a dose distribution image display control unit extracts the cumulative irradiation dose distribution data in an imaging range and displays an image thereof.