Abstract: An apparatus for use in a treatment planning process or in a treatment process, includes: an input for obtaining a parameter representing a number of beam on-off transitions; and a treatment planner configured to optimize a treatment plan based on parameter representing the number of beam on-off transitions. An apparatus includes: an input configured to obtain a width of a gating window for a treatment plan; and a gating window adjustor configured to adjust the width of the gating window during a treatment session. An apparatus includes: a dose calculator configured to calculate doses for different treatment variations; an evaluator configured to evaluate treatment acceptance criteria against the calculated doses; and a delivery limit module configured to determine one or more limits for one or more delivery parameters based on an evaluation of the treatment acceptance criteria by the evaluator.

Abstract: An optical measuring device includes a light measurement unit, an acceleration sensor for detecting the acceleration of the optical measuring device, a storage for storing reference data obtained from the light measurement unit by measuring light from a reference object at a first timing and storing the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor as history information, a first determination unit for determining whether the result of comparison between measurement data obtained from the light measurement unit by measuring light from the reference object at a second timing later than the first timing and the reference data satisfies a first malfunction condition, a second determination unit for determining whether the acceleration included in the history information satisfies a second malfunction condition, and an output unit for outputting that the optical measuring device malfunctions when the first malfunction condition and the second malfunction condition are satisfied.

Abstract: Differences in x-ray absorption coefficients and ash content are used to process coal waste and concentrate rare earth elements (REE) found in coal seams. A method for processing the coal waste includes receiving, by a detector, at least one collimated x-ray beam from an x-ray source that has been passed through a sample of coal waste; determining measurements of at least one x-ray absorption characteristic of the sample based on the received at least one collimated x-ray beam; and identifying a first region in the sample having a concentration of rare earth elements based on the measured x-ray absorption characteristic.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method and a device for drawing an intersection, a server and a storage medium. The method includes: acquiring road lines of all branches at the intersection based on vector data of the intersection; performing a line-to-surface expansion based on the road lines to obtain road surfaces, and acquiring two side lines of each of the road surfaces; and determining target side line pairs based on side lines of the intersection, and drawing a corner arc at a corner of each of the target side line pairs. Each of the target side line pairs includes two side lines that do not belong to the same road line and are adjacent to each other.

Abstract: Described embodiments relate to a hand-held portable sedimentation measurement device, comprising: a closeable fluid container having a container wall and defining a chamber to receive fluid for sedimentation measurement and defining a central longitudinal axis; multiple light sources disposed along the container and generally parallel to the longitudinal axis to direct light through the wall into the chamber; multiple light sensors disposed along the container arranged to detect light passing through the chamber from at least one of the light sources; a controller configured to control emission of light from the sources and to receive detection signals from the light sensors, wherein sedimentation measurements are derived from the light emitted from the light sources and the detection signals; a communication interface coupled to the controller and arranged to transmit sedimentation data to an external computing device; and a housing connected to the container and housing the controller and interface.

Abstract: A system and related method for signal processing. Interferometric projection data reconstructed into one or more images for a spatial distribution of a physical property of an imaged object. The interferometric projection data is derived from signals acquired by an X-ray detector (D), said signals caused by X-ray radiation after interaction of said X-ray radiation with an interferometer and with the object (OB) to be imaged, said interferometer (IF) having an inter-grating distance. The reconstructor (RECON) configured to perform, based on the projection data and a forward signal model, a reconstruction operation for one or more images in an image domain of a spatial distribution of at least one physical property of said object (OB) including a refractive index, wherein the reconstructor is configured to perform in the reconstruction operation a scaling operation based on the inter-grating distance of the interferometer and/or on a distance of a location in said image domain from said interferometer (IF).

Abstract: X-ray generation apparatus includes X-ray generation tube having cathode and anode, voltage supply for supplying voltage to the X-ray generation tube via conductive line, storage container including first portion forming first space storing the voltage supply, second portion forming second space having width smaller than that of the first space and storing the X-ray generation tube, and connecting portion connecting the first and second portions to form internal space in which the first space and the second space communicate, and insulating member arranged in the internal space to block shortest path between the conductive line and convex portion of the connecting portion. The insulating member is formed by connecting members by adhesive material, and is configured to block linear path between the adhesive material and the conductive line and linear path between the adhesive material and the cathode.

Abstract: A method for merging a three-dimensional analysis data record of a tissue sample of a patient with a three-dimensional image data record of the patient indicating, prior to removal, the removal area of the tissue sample. The method includes registering a three-dimensional intermediate data record of the three-dimensional analysis data record. The registering includes transforming analysis data of the three-dimensional analysis data record into intermediate data, corresponding to image data recorded with a modality with which the three-dimensional image data record has been recorded and including a resolution reduced, to determine the three-dimensional intermediate data record corresponding, in terms of resolution, to the image data record; and registering the three-dimensional intermediate data record with the three-dimensional image data record.

Abstract: A radiological imaging system including a bed and a load-bearing structure supporting the bed. A free chamber is defined between a base of the load-bearing structure and the bed. The system also includes a gantry defining a main axis of expansion, and the gantry has a source suitable to emit radiation and a detector with a sensitive surface suitable to detect the radiation. The gantry also includes a casing having a cross-section large enough to surround the source and detector. In one embodiment, the gantry includes a rest configuration in which the casing is housed partially in the free chamber. The gantry may also include a working configuration in which the gantry at least partially extends around the bed.

Abstract: A method for performing fault-tolerant reconstruction of an image of an object is provided. The method includes acquiring a dataset corresponding to the object via a plurality of sensors, and detecting anomalous data within the dataset based at least in part on a statistical difference between the anomalous data and reference data within the dataset. The anomalous data is acquired by at least a first sensor of the plurality, and the reference data is acquired by at least a second sensor of the plurality that neighbors the first sensor.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for generating a medical image receive scan data, wherein the scan data is defined in an acquisition space; perform a first reconstruction process to generate a lower-resolution image based on the scan data, wherein the first reconstruction process uses a subset of the scan data; and perform a second reconstruction process to generate a higher-resolution image based on the scan data, wherein the second reconstruction process uses more of the scan data than the subset of the scan data.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a method by which the scattering property of a powder can be more clearly evaluated. There is provided a method for evaluating a scattering property of a powder, the method including dropping a powder to be evaluated onto a liquid placed in a box, thereby scattering the powder as dust in the box, and measuring a dust concentration in air in the box with a dust meter. There is also provided an apparatus for evaluating a scattering property of a powder, the apparatus including a box in which a liquid is to be placed, and a dust meter that measures a dust concentration in air in the box when the powder to be evaluated drops onto the liquid placed in the box and scatters as dust.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing nonconformances. A volume in an aircraft is identified. The nonconformances within the volume of the aircraft are identified. Graphical indicators are displayed indicating the nonconformances within the volume in a graphical user interface on a display device.

Abstract: A method for characterizing nature of a material, including: providing at least one sample of the material between an X-ray source and a detector; using the X-ray source to make N X-radiation spectra transmitted through the material, each for a time; calculating transmission function of the material as a function of energy or the detection channel; and in each of at least two energy zones, calculating the integral of the transmission function, thus forming at least a first transmission coefficient and a second transmission coefficient.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a high accuracy medicament inspection device and system to inspect medicaments enclosed in a package with a printing area. The medicament inspection device implements a medicament information detection process that includes: a medicament candidate area extraction step extracting a dark colored area in a back side illuminated image as a medicament candidate area A (assumed presence of medicament); a print candidate area extraction step extracting an area containing the print on the package based on a front side illuminated image as a print candidate area B; a print area identification step specifying an area corresponding to the print contained in the print candidate area B based on the brightness distribution of the back side illuminated image as a print area C; and a medicament area identification step identifying a medicament area X by subtracting the print area C from the medicament candidate area A.

Abstract: A device may receive sensor data from a sensor device located on a particular farm. The device may identify an alert, associated with the particular farm, based on the sensor data and using a model. The model may be created based on imagery data and numeric data relating to a group of farms. The device may determine, using the model, a recommended course of action to address the alert, and provide, to a user device associated with the particular farm, the recommended course of action.

Abstract: Provided is a foodstuff analysis device capable of readily calculating calories or component weights. The foodstuff analysis device has a light-emitting unit, a light-receiving section, and a control unit. The light-emitting unit irradiates light including at least some wavelengths among wavelengths in the range 700-1,100 nm, on to an analysis target. The light-receiving section receives light reflected from the analysis target. The control unit calculates the absorbance of light received by the light-receiving section, and calculates the calories of the analysis target on the basis of the calculated absorbance and on the basis of the correlation between absorbance and calories.

Abstract: A device for detecting X-rays radiated out of a substrate surface, said device comprising at least one X-ray detector, a resolver grating and a modulator grating, said resolver grating with at least one opening facing towards said X-ray detector is arranged in front of said X-ray detector. Said modulator grating is provided between said resolver grating and said substrate at a predetermined distance from said resolver grating and said substrate, where said modulator grating having a plurality of openings in at least a first direction, wherein said x-rays from said surface is spatially modulated with said modulator grating and resolver grating.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a high speed radiographic system for use with megavolt linear-accelerator pulsed x-ray sources to produce video images of large-area fields. A linear accelerator is positioned above a field of view. X-ray photons are directed through an object of interest traveling and/or colliding within the field of view. A large area scintillator system, either truly continuous or in large continuous adjacent pieces, converts the x-ray photons that pass through the object into visible light, and an arrangement of cameras, focused at that plane, where each camera sees a sub-area of the entire scintillator, and these sub-areas overlap somewhat to cover the entire scintillator. The resulting images generated in each camera are synchronized to produce one contiguous, synchronized stream of images.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a powder bed. The method includes the steps of: applying a first powder layer on a work table; directing an electron beam from an electron beam source over the work table, the directing of the electron beam causing the first powder layer to fuse in first selected locations according to a pre-determined model, so as to form a first part of a cross section of the three dimensional article, and intensity modulating X-rays from the powder layer or from a clean work table with a patterned aperture modulator and a patterned aperture resolver, wherein a verification of at least one of a size, position, scan speed, or shape of the electron beam is achieved by comparing detected intensity modulated X-ray signals with saved reference values.

Abstract: This invention describes a method to monitor intrinsic parameters of natural cork stoppers, based on a non-invasive and non-destructive method, e.g. X-Ray spectroscopy, so that objects (stoppers) can be segregated and categorized according to the relation of such parameters with relevant characteristics for the performance of the closure, as, for instance, gas permeability. This invention does also describe how the information about physical and chemical parameters of the cork is processed directly from the data acquired in the production line.

Abstract: A device for detecting X-rays radiated out of a substrate surface, said device comprising at least one X-ray detector, a resolver grating and a modulator grating, said resolver grating with at least one opening facing towards said X-ray detector is arranged in front of said X-ray detector. Said modulator grating is provided between said resolver grating and said substrate at a predetermined distance from said resolver grating and said substrate, where said modulator grating having a plurality of openings in at least a first direction, wherein said x-rays from said surface is spatially modulated with said modulator grating and resolver grating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10; 10a;10b; 10c; 50) for checking pharmaceutical products (1), in particular hard gelatin capsules, by means of at least one radiation source (30; 60) preferably embodied as an X-ray source, and a conveying device which conveys the products (1) in a clocked manner in a radiation area (31) of the radiation source (30; 60). The radiation emitted by the radiation source (30; 60) penetrating the products (1) preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal axes thereof (2), and the radiation is captured on the side of the products (1) opposite the radiation source (30) by means of at least one sensor element (35) which is coupled to an evaluation device (36). The invention is characterized in that the conveyor device is embodied as a conveyor wheel (15; 15a; 51) which can rotate in a stepped manner about an axis (12; 52), and the products (1) are arranged, while being conveyed in the radiation area (31), in receiving areas (28; 37; 56) of the conveyor wheel (15; 5a; 51).

Abstract: An x-ray system with multiple dynamic range selections. The system including an x-ray source and a detector, wherein the detector includes a scintillator and a pixel. The pixel includes a photodiode and first and second capacitors connectable to the photodiode. The pixel is configured to be switched between a first state where only the first capacitor is connected to the photodiode and a second state where both capacitors are connected to the photodiode. The x-ray source directs x-rays to the detector and a region of interest positioned between the source and detector, the scintillator converts the x-rays to light, and the pixel photodiode converts the light to an electrical charge. The charge is stored in the first capacitor when the pixel is in the first state and in the first and second capacitors when the pixel is in the second state.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for use in HVL measurement as well as methods of making measurements. One version of the apparatus is a cage structure having a central axis and a central opening defined by a filter encircling the central axis, with the filter having a thickness that varies peripherally around said central axis. The filter can be formed from multiple spaced-apart plates having varying thicknesses or can be formed from a cylinder having a continuously increasing thickness.

Abstract: In a testing device (10) for determining the quality of leather (9) in the production of leather, wherein the testing device (10) is formed for examining a quality category of the leather (9) and for delivering a quality value characterizing the leather (9) in regard to its quality category, the testing device (10) comprises screening means (16) for examining the homogeneity of the leather (9) auf, which may screen at least portions (22, 23, 24, 27, 29) of the leather (9) and which are formed for delivering screening data (D) to analysis means (19), and wherein there are formed analysis means (19) for comparing the screening data (D) with feature data typical for hide injuries or inhomogeneities, respectively, of the leather (9) and for classifying determined hide injuries of examined portions (22, 23, 24, 27, 29) of the leather (9) and wherein there are formed display means (20) for display the categorized hide injuries or quality value, respectively, of the leather (9), preferably per portion (22, 23, 24, 2

Abstract: An X-ray optical component device having an X-ray optical component unit, a motor controller, and a connector. The connector has motor pins and motor terminals electrically connected to a motor when engaged with each other, and a signal pin and signal terminal for sensing detachment of the connector, the signal pin and signal terminal being capable of engaging with each other. A pin-side connector and a terminal-side connector are detachable. When the pin-side connector is detached from the terminal-side connector, the time that the signal pin is removed from the signal terminal is earlier than the time that the motor pins are removed from the motor terminals. During replacement of an X-ray optical component unit equipped with a motor for adjusting the position of an X-ray optical component, unwanted movement of the position of the X-ray optical component provided in the unit is prevented.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to inspection systems, devices and methods for x-ray inspection of objects. A conveyor can move an object to be inspected through an inspection zone along a direction of travel, one or more multibeam x-ray source arrays can provide multiple collimated x-ray beams through the inspection zone along a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel, and one or more x-ray detector arrays can detect x-ray beams passing through the inspection zone from the x-ray source array. X-ray signals detected by the x-ray detector array can be recorded to form multiple x-ray projection images of the object, and the multiple x-ray projection images can be processed into three-dimensional tomographic images of the object.

Abstract: A drive-through scanning system comprises a radiation generating system arranged to generate radiation at two different energy levels and direct the radiation towards a scanning volume, detectors arranged to detect the radiation after it has passed through the scanning volume, and a controller arranged to identify a part of a vehicle within the scanning volume, to allocate the part of the vehicle to one of several categories, and to control the radiation generating system and to select one or more of the energy levels depending on the category to which the part of the vehicle is allocated.

Abstract: A well-logging tool may include a sonde housing, and a radiation generator carried by the sonde housing. The radiation generator may include a generator housing, a target carried by the generator housing, a charged particle source carried by the generator housing to direct charged particles at the target, and at least one voltage source coupled to the charged particle source. The at least one voltage source may include a voltage ladder comprising a plurality of voltage multiplication stages coupled in a bi-polar configuration, and at least one loading coil coupled at at least one intermediate position along the voltage ladder. The well-logging tool may further include at least one radiation detector carried by the sonde housing.

Abstract: A well-logging tool may include a sonde housing and a radiation generator carried by the sonde housing. The radiation generator may include a generator housing, a target carried by the generator housing, a charged particle source carried by the generator housing to direct charged particles at the target, and at least one voltage source coupled to the charged particle source. The at least one voltage source may include a voltage ladder comprising a plurality of voltage multiplication stages coupled in a uni-polar configuration, and at least one loading coil coupled at at least one intermediate position along the voltage ladder. The well-logging tool may further include at least one radiation detector carried by the sonde housing.

Abstract: A method is provided for automatic contour filter positioning for medical X-ray imaging in an X-ray apparatus comprising a collimator and at least one movable contour filter actuated by a motor based positioning subsystem, wherein a digital image in a frame of rows and columns of pixels is rendered for processing and obtaining control data for applying a contour filter. The method comprises identifying exposure of subareas, preparing for filter positioning, and defining filter position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation generating tube. The radiation generating tube includes an envelope including an insulating tubular member having at least two openings, a cathode connected to one of the openings of the insulating tubular member, and an anode connected to the other of the openings of the insulating tubular member. At least one of the cathode and the anode and the insulating tubular member are bonded at a bonded portion with an electrically conductive bonding member; and the bonded portion bonded with the electrically conductive bonding member is coated with a dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for measuring a composition of a multiphase fluid, including radiating a photon beam through the multiphase fluid and measuring radiation absorption by the multiphase fluid for at least three energy levels to obtain measured radiation absorption data, and providing the measured radiation absorption data to processing unit configured to calculate the composition of the multiphase fluid using the measured radiation absorption data, whereby an effect of an injected fluid on the absorption of the photon beam is taken into account during calculation of the composition of the multiphase fluid.

Abstract: A radiation control system and method are provided in which radiation delivered to a patient and/or the operator of the equipment is minimized. The radiation control system may be used in a large variety of applications including applications in which radiation source is used to inspect an object, such as, for example, medical imaging, diagnosis and therapy, in manufacturing operation using radiation, in airports scanning systems, in different security setups, and in nuclear reactors automation and process control. The radiation control system and method may also be used with 3D imaging.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a diffraction grating that forms a first pattern by diffracting X-rays; a shield grating that forms a second pattern by blocking one or more of the X-rays forming the first pattern; a detector that detects information on the second pattern by detecting X-rays from the shield grating; and a scanning unit that shifts relative positions of an object and a measurable range. In the interferometer, the detector acquires a first detection result by performing a detection while the measurable range and the object take first relative positions and acquires a second detection result by performing a detection while the measurable range and the object take second relative positions. In the interferometer, the scanning unit shifts the relative positions of the measurable range and the object so that a pattern of the first detection result and a pattern of the second detection result pattern have continuity.

Abstract: A method for monitoring objects for example for facilitating the identification and/or authentication of objects comprises: in a first recording phase: irradiating an object with a suitable source of radiation, collecting intensity information about radiation emergent from the object, resolving the intensity information spectroscopically between at least two energy bands, and storing the resultant dataset as a reference dataset; and in a second verification phase: irradiating an object with a suitable source of radiation, collecting intensity information about radiation emergent from the object, resolving the intensity information spectroscopically between at least two energy bands, and using the resultant dataset as a test dataset; identifying the object and retrieving its corresponding reference dataset; comparing the test dataset and the reference dataset within predetermined tolerance limits, and: in the event that the reference dataset and the test dataset correspond within the predetermined tolerance li

Abstract: A method of treating a cancerous region in a breast of a patient comprising (i) imaging the breast in a three-dimensional coordinate system, (ii) stereotactically determining the location of the cancerous region in the breast, (iii) optionally determining the volume of the entire cancerous region to be treated, and (iv) while maintaining the breast in a three-dimensional coordinate system that is identical to or corresponds with the three-dimensional coordinate system used in (i), noninvasively exposing the cancerous region of the breast of the patient to a cancer-treatment effective dose of radiation; and equipment for use in such a method.

Abstract: A method of determining the proportions of different powders in a powder comprises obtaining a sample of a powder, adding and mixing the sample into a molten material and freezing the mixture of powder and molten material to form a block. Computed tomography is performed on the block to produce a three-dimensional image of the block, the three-dimensional image of the block comprises a first shade, a second and a third shade corresponding to the material, a first powder particle and a sec and powder particle. The three-dimensional image of the block is analyzed to count the number of regions exhibiting the second shade and the third shade corresponding to the number of first powder particles and second powder particles respectively. The fraction of second particles in the powder is determined by dividing the number of second powder particles by the sum of the number of first powder particles and the number of second powder particles.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to projection-based volumetric dose estimation for X-ray systems, such as X-ray imaging systems. For example, in one embodiment, an X-ray system is capable of estimating an X-ray dose based on an energy interaction of the X-rays with respective portions of an object. In another embodiment, the X-ray dose estimate may be provided on a per voxel, per region, and/or per organ basis.

Abstract: A detection apparatus for fine particles in a fluid includes: a flow cell which passes the fluid therein; an X-ray source which irradiates a side face of the flow cell with X-rays; an X-ray detector that detects the intensity of transmission X-rays that the X-rays which have been emitted from the X-ray source have been attenuated by due to the fine particles in the fluid; a fluorescent X-ray detector which detects fluorescent X-rays that are emitted by the fine particles in the fluid due to the X-rays which have been emitted from the X-ray source; and a data processing device which discriminates between fine particles and air bubbles in the fluid based on the fluctuation amount from each reference variable of the intensity of the transmission X-rays and the intensity of the fluorescent X-rays, and calculates the number and the particle diameter of the fine particles.

Abstract: A method identifying a material, includes: measuring an electromagnetic radiation spectrum emitted through the material; determining at least one measurement energy band, and spectral coefficients of a comparison function in the measurement band, using the measured spectrum; estimating, using the determined spectral coefficients, a nature and/or thickness of the material based on a set of reference spectral parameters relating to reference materials and/or thicknesses and defined in reference bands.

Abstract: A method for determining the constituent content of a multiphase fluid includes the following steps: x-rays at single-energy or dual-energy levels are produced by an x-ray machine, after said x-rays pass through the multiphase fluid, the data at each energy level are detected by a detector sub-system which is composed of one or two detectors, and the mass percents of the components in the multiphase fluid are calculated by a controlling and data processing sub-system based on the detected data. Said multiphase fluid is a two-phase or three-phase mixture in crude oil or natural gas. The method can be used for automatic online measurement of the production in oil and gas fields.

Abstract: There is provided an X-ray image photographing method and an X-ray image photographing apparatus capable of photographing a high resolution phase contrast image and a high resolution absorption contrast image in a short time according to the purpose only by finely adjusting the distance between a specimen and a detector with respect to an X-ray source. The X-ray image photographing method enables photographing of a fine structure with a high space resolution while d/L is sufficiently smaller than 1, when L is a distance from an X-ray source 110 to a specimen 500 and d is a distance from the specimen 500 to a detector 130. Further, a distance between a peak position and a valley position of a phase contrast is not less than ?? and not more than 3?, when ? is an average wavelength of the X-ray and ? is a resolution of the detector 130.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for examining test bodies (P), in particular electronic subassemblies and electronic devices, comprising at least one radiation source (S) for X-raying at least one test body (P), at least one detection unit (3) for detecting radiation (S) emitted by means of the radiation source (2), at least one holding element (4) for holding the at least one test body (P) and for positioning the latter between the radiation source (2) and the detection unit (3), and a movement unit (5), coupled to the holding element (4), for moving the holding element (4), wherein the movement unit (5) is constructed as a parallel-mechanism movement unit.

Abstract: A detector apparatus is described for scanning of and obtaining radiation data from an object and generating an image therefrom. The apparatus comprises a radiation detector system spaced therefrom to define a scanning zone and to collect a dataset of information about radiation incident at the detector after interaction with an object and to resolve collected information spatially in two dimensions across a scan area and spectroscopically across a plurality of frequency bands in the spectrum of the source. A detector exhibits a spectroscopically variable response across at least a part of the spectrum of the source and to resolve collected information spatially with a rastering module configured to divide the scanning area into a plurality of pixels two dimensions; and a control to move the detector to scan such pixels successively and thereby collect a dataset for each pixel. A method is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10; 10a;10b; 10c; 50) for checking pharmaceutical products (1), in particular hard gelatin capsules, by means of at least one radiation source (30; 60) preferably embodied as an X-ray source, and a conveying device which conveys the products (1) in a clocked manner in a radiation area (31) of the radiation source (30; 60). The radiation emitted by the radiation source (30; 60) penetrating the products (1) preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal axes thereof (2), and the radiation is captured on the side of the products (1) opposite the radiation source (30) by means of at least one sensor element (35) which is coupled to an evaluation device (36). The invention is characterised in that the conveyor device is embodied as a conveyor wheel (15; 15a; 51) which can rotate in a stepped manner about an axis (12; 52), and the products (1) are arranged, whilst being conveyed in the radiation area (31), in receiving areas (28; 37; 56) of the conveyor wheel (15; 5a; 51).

Abstract: A specimen information acquisition system is provided with a first grating which divides divergent X-rays from an X-ray source to form a plurality of primary X-ray beams, and a second grating which blocks at least a part of each of the primary X-ray beams to form a plurality of secondary X-ray beams. The specimen information acquisition system is further provided with an X-ray detector which detects the secondary X-ray beams and a calculator which calculates information of a specimen arranged between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector. The primary X-ray beams do not overlap each other on each of X-ray transmitting portions of the second grating. The edges of the respective primary X-ray beams enter a plurality of X-ray blocking portions of the second grating.

Abstract: A radiation emission target includes a target layer that generates radiation when irradiated with an electron beam and a substrate composed of diamond, the substrate supporting the target layer. The substrate has a Knoop hardness of 60 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less.

Abstract: A system includes an image estimator (128) that generates estimated native image data from data acquired when a K-edge material is present in a scanned region during data acquisition, wherein the estimated native image data is indicative of native image data generated from data acquired when the K-edge material is not present in the scanned region during the data acquisition.