Abstract: An irradiation apparatus with a limited swivel rotator includes a drive ring and at least one mount affixed thereto. The drive ring has a defined drive axis of rotation being configured to rotate about a source container, like an X-ray tube. The mounts are affixed to the drive ring. Each of the mounts is configured to mount a material holder to the drive ring for rotating the material holder about the source container. The limited swivel rotator is in communication with each of the mounts and is configured to maintain a radial planetary position of the mounts and the material holders mounted thereto to maintain an initial horizontal orientation of the mounts and the material holders mounted thereto on the drive ring as the mounts and the material holders mounted thereto are moved around the source container by the drive ring.

Abstract: Provided are a camera system and an image registration method for registering images taken by multiple cameras moving in the same manner. The image registration method includes: acquiring multiple sets of images of a reference subject, wherein each of the multiple sets of images comprises images taken by the multiple cameras facing a same direction and images of different sets are taken with the multiple cameras facing different directions; performing image registration using the multiple sets of images; and rendering a result image showing a result of the image registration.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an input circuit and a processing circuit. The input circuit may be configured to receive a sequence of pictures. The processing circuit may be configured to (i) generate a change factor based on gain information for a reference picture selected from the sequence of pictures, gain information for a target picture selected from the sequence of pictures, an average pixel value for the reference picture, and an average pixel value for the target picture, (ii) remap data of a selected one of the reference picture and the target picture by calculating pixel values for the selected picture using original pixel values of the selected picture and the change factor, and (iii) perform motion detection between the reference picture and the target picture utilizing (a) the remapped image data of the selected picture and (b) original data of the picture that was not remapped.

Abstract: A system and method for operating a luggage inspection area. The method includes providing an entrance mechanism wherein luggage items are received into the luggage inspection area. A primary inspection mechanism and a primary checked bag reconciliation area are provided that are configured to inspect a predetermined throughput of luggage items. A primary material handling device is provided that extends between the entrance mechanism, the primary inspection mechanism and the primary checked bag reconciliation area. The occurrence of an upcoming peak event is determined, and in response, a supplemental inspection mechanism, a supplemental checked bag reconciliation area and a first supplemental material handling device are provided. The supplemental components provide increased throughput of luggage items inspected during the occurrence of the peak event and are configured to be portable such that they may be quickly and easily be added and removed.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an inspection method and device. The method comprises steps of acquiring a perspective image of an inspected object; processing the perspective image to obtain a region of interest; and automatically detecting the region of interest using a cigarette model, to determine whether the region of interest of the perspective image belongs to a cigarette. In the present disclosure, cigarette detection is implemented on a scanned image of goods, particularly a container, which can avoid the problem of detection vulnerability and poor effect of manual image judgment for the conventional manner, and is of significance in fighting against cigarette smuggling.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for detecting security threats in a network environment. A canine detection unit may initially inspect items at a screening location. A local workstation is used to further inspect the items that are identified as raising potential security concerns. Requests for assistance are submitted to remote experts for assistance with resolving the potential security concerns. One or more servers receive the requests over a network and retrieve dialing plans associated with the origins of the requests. The one or more servers utilize the dialing plans to route the requests to expert groups assigned to dialing plans. In response to the requests being accepted by remote expert devices in one of the expert groups, the one or more servers establish connections between the local workstations and the remote expert devices that accept the requests.

Abstract: A processing station for registering a piece of passenger's luggage for a trip, wherein the processing station comprises: an injector for receiving the piece of luggage associated with the passenger; at least one sensor associated with the injector, the at least one sensor, in combination with at least the floor of the injector, creating a zone around the piece of luggage; and a controller associated with the sensor being adapted to: monitor, via the at least one sensor, intrusions through the zone to determine one or more of whether a predetermined limit on dimensions of the piece of luggage has been exceeded or whether a foreign object has intruded the zone from outside, and allow further processing of the piece of luggage only if no intrusion of the zone is detected; and wherein the controller adjusts the area of the zone to accommodate different sizes of luggage.

Abstract: A portable X-ray system includes an X-ray scanner coupled to a module for processing and visualization of digital signals; and foldable intake and output trays configured to pass an object in and out of the scanner module. The foldable intake and output trays are articulated approximately in their middle. A first drum extends substantially across an entire opening of the scanner tunnel and configured to press down on the object and pull the object inside a scanner tunnel. A second drum extends substantially across an entire opening of the scanner tunnel and configured to press down on the object and pull the object from the scanner tunnel. A radiation shield covers an opening of the scanner tunnel. Sensors detects a type of object to be scanned and to control the first drum according to the type of object to be pulled inside the scanner tunnel.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an x-ray or gamma ray source that emits an x-ray or gamma ray beam, a tunnel having a plurality of detectors, and a translatable platform. The detectors each receive a portion of the beam. The translatable platform supports cargo or a transported container and moves through the tunnel so that the cargo or transported container crosses the portions of the beam received by the detectors. The translatable platform may rotate and move through the tunnel at multiple angles. The imaging system may also include a computer and a graphical interface. The computer may receive information collected by the detectors and may reconstruct a three-dimensional image of the cargo or transported container. The graphical interface may display the three-dimensional image or information derived from the three-dimensional image. According to other embodiments, a system for creating a three-dimensional image may receive data from a wide vertical beam angle and generate and output a three-dimensional model.

Abstract: A processing station for registering a piece of passenger's luggage for a trip, wherein the processing station comprises: an injector for receiving the piece of luggage associated with the passenger; at least one sensor associated with the injector, the at least one sensor, in combination with at least the floor of the injector, creating a zone around the piece of luggage; and a controller associated with the sensor being adapted to: monitor, via the at least one sensor, intrusions through the zone to determine one or more of whether a predetermined limit on dimensions of the piece of luggage has been exceeded or whether a foreign object has intruded the zone from outside, and allow further processing of the piece of luggage only if no intrusion of the zone is detected; and wherein the controller adjusts the area of the zone to accommodate different sizes of luggage.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an input circuit configured to receive a sequence of pictures and a processing circuit. The processing circuit may be configured to (i) determine respective picture brightness values for each of a reference picture and a target picture selected from the sequence of pictures, (ii) remap image data of at least one of the reference picture and the target picture based upon the respective picture brightness values, and (iii) perform motion detection between the reference picture and the target picture utilizing the remapped image data.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, there is provided an x-ray imaging system, comprising: an x-ray source; an x-ray detector; a sample mount for mounting a sample in a beam path between the x-ray source and the x-ray detector; an enclosure enclosing at least the sample mount in an interior of the enclosure; and a climate control system for regulating the climate inside the enclosure, wherein: the enclosure has an aperture for enabling access to at least the sample mount from outside the enclosure; the enclosure is provided with a door operable between an open position in which the aperture is open and a closed position in which the aperture is closed by the door; and the climate control system is operable to provide a positive pressure differential between the interior of the enclosure and an exterior of the enclosure such that the interior of the enclosure is maintained at a higher pressure than the exterior of the enclosure when the door is open.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for scanning an item utilizing an X-ray scanner in order to facilitate a determination of whether the X-ray radiation penetrated through the entirety of the scanned item. Various embodiments comprise a conveying mechanism, an X-ray emitter, a detector, and an X-ray penetration grid (XPG). The XPG may comprise a radiopaque grid that may serve as a reference for determining whether radiation passes through the scanned item, the grid oriented such that the grid members are neither parallel nor perpendicular to the direction of travel. Such orientation may minimize or eliminate “ghosted” radiation signals included in a visual display of the radiation received by the detector. A scanned item may be oriented with the XPG such that radiation emitted by the X-ray emitter that passes through a portion of the scanned item must also pass through the XPG before being received by the detector.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an image display method in a CT system. The method comprises: implementing CT scanning on an inspected object, to obtain CT projection data; organizing the CT projection data according to a predetermined interval; extracting basic data from the organized CT projection data by using a fixed angle as a start angle and using 360 degrees as an interval; forming a DR image based on the extracted basic data; reconstructing a three-dimensional image of the inspected object from the CT projection data; and displaying the DR image and the reconstructed three-dimensional image on a screen at the same time. In the solution, the CT data is processed to obtain DR data. After the DR data is obtained, a DR image is obtained directly using a DR data processing algorithm. This enables an image recognizer to more accurately and more rapidly inspect goods carried by a passenger using the existing experience in image recognition of the DR image.

Abstract: A method generating a virtual audio signal for a listener. The method includes estimating spherical harmonic coefficients based on an individual character of the listener. The estimated spherical harmonic coefficients are compared to a distribution of known spherical harmonic coefficients. The estimated spherical harmonic coefficients are iteratively updated and compared to the distribution of known spherical harmonic coefficients until convergence. The individual character and the converged spherical harmonic coefficients are then applied to a mono-channel sound.

Abstract: Multi-spectral static CT apparatuses are disclosed. The apparatus includes a ray source in a form of multiple distributed spots, multiple columns of detectors, a data acquisition device, an article carrying and control device, and a multi-spectral projection data processing device. An object of the present disclosure is to combine static CT scanning technology with multi-spectral analysis technology. It has an advantage of a static CT system, such as high scanning speed, simple mechanic structure, and/or cost reduction due to omission of slip ring. It also can perform identification of material in an article, and can be widely applied in occasions such as safety inspection, and smuggling suppression at customs.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a multi-power multi-dosage accelerator. The multi-power multi-dosage accelerator comprises an electron gun configured to provide a first voltage of the electron gun and a second voltage of the electron gun, and an accelerating tube configured to generate a first X-ray having a first dosage and first power according to the first voltage of the electron gun and generate a second X-ray having a second dosage and second power according to the second voltage of the electron gun, wherein the first dosage is a dosage which can be accepted by human bodies and is much less than the second dosage, the first X-ray is used for inspecting a first area where a person is located, and the second X-ray is used for inspecting a second area where goods are located.

Abstract: A system for identifying in an image an object that is commonly found in a collection of images and for identifying a portion of an image that represents an object based on a consensus analysis of segmentations of the image. The system collects images of containers that contain objects for generating a collection of common objects within the containers. To process the images, the system generates a segmentation of each image. The image analysis system may also generate multiple segmentations for each image by introducing variations in the selection of voxels to be merged into a segment. The system then generates clusters of the segments based on similarity among the segments. Each cluster represents a common object found in the containers. Once the clustering is complete, the system may be used to identify common objects in images of new containers based on similarity between segments of images and the clusters.

Abstract: A CT system and method thereof are disclosed. The system includes: a conveyor mechanism; a first scanning stage configured to scan the object and generate a first digital signal; a second scanning stage spaced from the first scanning stage at a preset distance in a direction of the object's movement; a processing device configured to reconstruct a CT image of the object at a first image quality based on the first digital signal, and analyze the CT image; and a control device configured to adjust a scanning parameter of the second scanning stage based on an analysis result of the processing device to cause the second scanning stage to output a second digital signal. The processing device reconstructs a CT image of the object at a second image quality higher than the first image quality at least based on the second digital signal. The system takes full advantage of the distributed ray sources which replace the normal slip ring technology.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns compositions containing inactivated but therapeutically active biopharmaceuticals, and methods for formulation thereof. Biopharmaceuticals are encapsulated and immobilized in dry amorphous carbohydrate-glass and irradiated for inactivation while in the dry state. The resulting compositions provide ambient-temperature stable, therapeutically active but inactivated biopharmaceuticals for use in vaccines and other applications.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for x-ray examination of moving products, including a conveyor device with a conveying means on which a product to be irradiated rests in a movement plane. The product is transported in at least one of the following manners: along a predetermined movement trajectory at a predetermined speed; in accordance with a predetermined time-dependent course of speed or position; is rotated about a rotary axis that is substantially perpendicular to the movement plane, or any combination thereof. A radiation generating device, configured to generate an x-ray beam, is positioned on one side of the conveying means, and has a detector device, positioned on the opposite side of the conveying means. The radiation generating device is configured to generate an x-ray beam widening in fanlike fashion beginning at an x-radiation source of the radiation generating device.

Abstract: A correlative evaluation of a sample (104) using a combined x-ray computed tomography (CT) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) system and the method for analyzing a sample (104) using x-ray CT and XRF is disclosed. The CT/XRF system (10) includes an x-ray CT subsystem (100) for acquisition of volume information and a confocal XRF subsystem (102) for characterization of elemental composition information. Geometrical calibration is carried out between the XRF subsystem (102) and the X-ray CT subsystem (100) such that a region of interest defined during X-ray CT acquisition can be retrieved by the XRF subsystem (102) for a subsequent XRF acquisition. The system (10) combines the sub-micrometer spatial resolution 3-D imaging capability of x-ray CT with the elemental composition analysis of confocal XRF to provide 3-D elemental composition analysis of a sample (104) with ppm level sensitivity.

Abstract: The present specification discloses methods for scanning objects for the presence of lithium batteries. Normalized transmission X-ray data is used to generate organic, effective Z, and attenuation-based images. These images are then segmented using a combination of thresholding and region growing techniques to identify regions of interest. The regions are classified as lithium batteries or other objects, based on characteristics such as area of the region, its organic intensity, Zeff number, shape, spatial arrangement and texture.

Abstract: A method and logging tool for evaluating the cement behind casing. In an embodiment, a collimated source emits gamma rays at selectable elevation angles. A fixed collimated detector received reflected gamma rays. Reflected calibration gamma rays are measured in a wellbore section having a cement layer of known condition. Backscattered evaluation gamma rays are measured in a section of wellbore to be analyzed and are compared with the backscattered calibration gamma rays to provide an indication of the quality of the cement layer at that location.

Abstract: A processing station for registering a piece of passenger's luggage for a trip, wherein the processing station includes an injector for receiving the piece of luggage associated with the passenger; at least one sensor associated with the injector, the at least one sensor, in combination with at least the floor of the injector, creating a zone around the piece of luggage. A controller associated with the sensor being adapted to monitor, via the at least one sensor, intrusions through the zone to determine one or more of whether a predetermined limit on dimensions of the piece of luggage has been exceeded or whether a foreign object has intruded the zone from outside, and allow further processing of the piece of luggage only if no intrusion of the zone is detected. The controller also adjusts the area of the zone to accommodate different sizes of luggage.

Abstract: A module for processing and visualization of digital signals and an X-ray scanner module are implemented on a mobile platform movable on wheels. The digital X-ray module includes a source of fan-shaped X-ray radiation beam with a detector of X-ray radiation passing through a mattress being examined. The mobile X-ray mattress scanner is equipped with an input and an output tray having rollers for supporting the mattress as it is pulled in and out of the special mattress-shaped tunnel opening by a drum motor. Detection results are processed and analyzed. The drum motor is integrated into the X-ray mattress scanner at the input opening so it can press and pull the matters inside the scanner automatically. The intake and output trays can be folded for moving the scanner along narrow corridors or on the stairs.

Abstract: A radiation protection device is disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention. The radiation protection device is used for a system which is configured to perform safety inspection of a cargo or a vehicle by a ray. The radiation protection device comprising: at least one container, and a radiation protection part disposed within the container. The radiation protection material may comprise at least one of concrete, sandstone, and water, or the radiation protection part may comprise a steel-lead protection wall or a concrete protection wall. With the radiation protection device according to the embodiment of the present invention, after the container is transported to the site, it can be directly put in place to be capable of shielding rays without needing operation or with only simple operation. The amount of on-site work, construction time, and construction cost are low.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to the use of the spectral composition of X-ray radiation in addition to the intensity thereof in order to determine the attenuation caused by an object. Another aspect of an embodiment of the invention is a device, particularly a radiation monitor for an X-ray or CT system, which is suitable for performing the aforementioned procedure according to an embodiment of the invention.

Abstract: Among other things, one or more systems and/or techniques for identifying an occlusion region in an image representative of an object subjected to examination is provided for herein. Such systems and/or techniques may find particular application in the context of object recognition analysis. An image is generated of the object and an orientation of the object is determined from the image. Based upon the determined orientation of the object relative to the direction the object is translated during examination, one or more parameters utilized for segmenting a second image of the object, identifying features in the image, and/or determining if the image comprises an occlusion region may be adjusted. In this way, the parameters utilized may be a function of the determined orientation of the object, which may mitigate false positives of detected occlusion regions.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises a data receiving unit for receiving a medical image data set, the medical image data set being representative of at least part of a patient, and a processing unit for processing the medical image data set to restrict visualization of at least part of the patient's skin surface.

Abstract: A control circuit having access to at least one high-energy image of a scene assesses that image to identify candidate obfuscaters as well as candidate obfuscated objects. This control circuit then processes information regarding the candidate objects to identify objects of interest. By one approach these objects of interest are deemed “of interest” as a function of their being obfuscated in a particular context. By one approach these teachings will accommodate identifying objects as being of interest as a function, at least in part, of the material composition of both the object as well as the visual obfuscater. These teachings also will accommodate peeling away background content/attenuation information in order to separate (and facilitate displaying) a given object in relative isolation from that background content.

Abstract: There is provided with an image processing apparatus. An evaluation is set for each of the pairs. The evaluation is set based on at least one of the number of feature points in the first image where local feature amounts are similar to a local feature amount at one of the pair or the number of feature points in the second image where local feature amounts are similar to a local feature amount at one of the pair, in such a manner that the smaller the number of feature points, the higher the evaluation. A similarity between the first image and the second image is determined using a RANSAC method. A pair having a high evaluation is used with priority in derivation of a function for transforming coordinates using the RANSAC method.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for creating a 3-Dimensional model for objects in an inspected luggage in a CT system. The method includes acquiring slice data of the luggage with the CT system; interpolating the slice data to generate 3D volume data of the luggage; performing unsupervised segmentation on the 3D volume data of the luggage to obtain a plurality of segmental regions; performing isosurface extraction on the plurality of segmental regions to obtain corresponding isosurfaces; and performing 3D surface segmentation on the isosurfaces to form a 3D model for the objects in the luggage. The above solutions can create a 3D model for objects in the inspected luggage in a relatively accurate manner, and thus provide better basis for subsequent shape feature extraction and security inspection, and reduce omission factor.

Abstract: A CT apparatus without a gantry. The CT apparatus includes a scanning passage; a stationary X-ray source arranged around the scanning passage and including a plurality of ray emission focal spots; and a plurality of stationary detector modules arranged around the scanning passage and disposed opposite the X-ray source. At least some of the plurality of detector modules may be arranged substantially in an L shape, a semicircular shape, a U shape, an arc shape, a parabolic shape, or a curve shape when viewed in a plane intersecting the scanning passage. The invention ensures that the stationary gantry type CT system has a small size, and a high data identification accuracy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for scanning an item utilizing an X-ray scanner in order to facilitate a determination of whether the X-ray radiation penetrated through the entirety of the scanned item. Various embodiments comprise a conveying mechanism, an X-ray emitter, a detector, and an X-ray penetration grid (XPG). The XPG may comprise a radiopaque grid that may serve as a reference for determining whether radiation passes through the scanned item, the grid oriented such that the grid members are neither parallel nor perpendicular to the direction of travel. Such orientation may minimize or eliminate “ghosted” radiation signals included in a visual display of the radiation received by the detector. A scanned item may be oriented with the XPG such that radiation emitted by the X-ray emitter that passes through a portion of the scanned item must also pass through the XPG before being received by the detector.

Abstract: A method includes directing a broadband X-ray emission along a predetermined fixed detection line across a direction of travel of an object and detecting the X-rays at several sampling positions of the object relative to the detection line. Sensors making up the detection line simultaneously detect a first partial image for a first spectral segment of the X-ray and a second partial image for a second spectral segment or the entire spectrum of the X-ray. In order to generate the relevant partial image data, a value of the radiation energy in the relevant spectral segment is determined at each detection position associated with a partial image. The partial image data of the first and second image are arithmetically combined into a partial output image, and the partial output images of all sampling positions are combined into one output image.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods that provide an X-ray interrogation system having a plurality of stationary X-ray point sources arranged to substantially encircle an area or space to be interrogated. A plurality of stationary detectors are arranged to substantially encircle the area or space to be interrogated, A controller is adapted to control the stationary X-ray point sources to emit X-rays one at a time, and to control the stationary detectors to detect the X-rays emitted by the stationary X-ray point sources.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus determines, based on a frame interval associated with imaging of the object, the number of output values to be measured, and inputs electric signals of a given value to amplifiers to measure the determined number of output values during a time after a readout circuit performs a readout operation for the photoelectric conversion elements of one line and before the readout circuit performs a readout operation for the photoelectric conversion elements of the next one line, calculates a difference between the measured output value and a predetermined reference value, and corrects a measurement value of one line of the object by increasing or decreasing the measurement value by the difference.

Abstract: This document provides methods, systems, and devices for inducing a decomposition reaction by directing x-rays towards a location including a particular compound. The x-rays can have an irradiation energy that corresponds to a bond distance of a bond in the particular compound in order to break that bond and induce a decomposition of that particular compound. In some cases, the particular compound is a hazardous substance or part of a hazardous substance. In some cases, the particular compound is delivered to a desired location in an organism and x-rays induce a decomposition reaction that creates a therapeutic substance (e.g., a toxin that kills cancer cells) in the location of the organism. In some cases, the particular compound decomposes to produce a reactant in a reactor apparatus (e.g., fuel cell or semiconductor fabricator).

Abstract: A method identifying a material, includes: measuring an electromagnetic radiation spectrum emitted through the material; determining at least one measurement energy band, and spectral coefficients of a comparison function in the measurement band, using the measured spectrum; estimating, using the determined spectral coefficients, a nature and/or thickness of the material based on a set of reference spectral parameters relating to reference materials and/or thicknesses and defined in reference bands.

Abstract: The image processing apparatus includes a receiver for receiving a first image acquired by photographing scattered radiation of X-rays existing in a closed space and a second image acquired by photographing the closed space; and an image processor for generating a third image by combining the first image and the second image.

Abstract: This invention provides a scanning system for scanning an object in a scanning zone. The scanning system includes both a radiation source arranged to irradiate the object with radiation having a peak energy of at least 900 keV and a scatter detector arranged to detect radiation scattered from the object wherein the radiation source is arranged to irradiate the object over a plurality of regions to be scanned within a single irradiation event. The scatter detector includes a plurality of detection elements, each detection element being arranged to detect scattered radiation from a predefined part of the scanning zone and a signal processor arranged to calculate scatter intensity across the plurality of detector elements.

Abstract: A stationary CT apparatus and a method of controlling the same. The stationary CT apparatus includes: a scanning passage; a stationary carbon nanotube X-ray source arranged around the scanning passage and comprising a plurality of ray emission focal spots; and a plurality of stationary detector modules arranged around the scanning passage and disposed opposite the X-ray source. At least some of the plurality of detector modules are arranged in a substantially L shape or a substantially ? shape when viewed in a plane intersecting the scanning passage. Reconstruction of the CT apparatus without a rotary gantry is achieved and special substances in an object under inspection is identified by optimizing design of the carbon nanotube X-ray source and the detector device. The invention ensures that the stationary gantry type CT system has a small size and a high accuracy and is particularly suitable for safety inspection of baggage.

Abstract: Disclosed are an X-ray imaging apparatus that captures one or more images of an inner part of the human body or the like, and a method for controlling the apparatus. In particular, an imaging system includes an X-ray generator which is configured to irradiate a target object with X-rays, a detector which is configured to detect X-rays which are emitted at a plurality of times and which have propagated through the target object, a driver which is configured to change a position of the X-ray generator or the detector, an image processor which is configured to generate a plurality of X-ray images from the detected X-rays and to compare the plurality of X-ray images in order to generate at least one difference image, and a controller which is configured to detect tissues which constitute the target object based on the at least one difference image.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a vehicular radiation inspection system comprising a mobile vehicle body, a detection arm, a radiation source and a detector. The vehicular radiation inspection system further comprises a following mechanism separated from the detection arm. The following mechanism contains radiation protection material, and the following mechanism follows the detection arm to move in a non-contact manner during inspection of the inspected object, so as to prevent radiation leakage. In the present invention, it does not need to infuse radiation protection material having a high density, such as lead, into the detection arm. Therefore, it can effectively decrease the weight of the detection arm, and it does not need to provide a balance counterweight on the mobile vehicle body on which the detection arm is carried, thereby effectively solving the problem that the vehicular radiation inspection system has an excessively large mass.

Abstract: A method of performing a security inspection of a container including a plurality of objects includes irradiating the container with polychromatic x-rays, reconstructing a 4-D voxelized representation defining a momentum transfer spectrum, and generating a 3-D image by determining a single value at each voxel as a function of the momentum transfer spectrum. The method further includes segmenting the voxels into segments of contiguous voxels that map onto at least one object. The method also includes computing an aggregated momentum transfer spectrum over at least a portion of the contiguous voxels through at least one of aggregating the spectra of the contiguous voxels for each segment and defining a supervoxel that includes voxels with the object exclusively and voxels in a neighborhood, regardless of association with the object. The method further includes classifying the object as one of a threat and a non-threat based on the aggregated momentum transfer spectrum.

Abstract: Packaging methods, material dispensing methods and apparatuses, and automatic measurement systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of packaging semiconductor devices includes coupling a second die to a top surface of a first die, dispensing a first amount of underfill material between the first die and the second die, and capturing an image of the underfill material. Based on the image captured, a second amount or no additional amount of underfill material is dispensed between the first die and the second die.

Abstract: A radiation sensor and a fabrication method thereof are described. In one aspect, the radiation sensor comprises a photo detector, a scintillator on the photo detector, and an adiabatic gradient-index photonic crystal nanostructure between the scintillator and the photo detector. In one instance, the adiabatic gradient-index photonic crystal nanostructure comprises an impedance matching nanostructure. In another instance, the adiabatic gradient-index photonic crystal nanostructure comprises a plurality of nanocones.

Abstract: A method of transmitting raw data by a data acquisition system in a CT scanning system, wherein the CT scanning system comprises a rotational part of a gantry with at least one raw data backup memory, and wherein the data acquisition system is configured to adopt the at least one backup memory for storing a backup of the raw data. The method comprising: generating the raw data as scanned; storing generated raw data in the at least one backup memory; transmitting the raw data to an operation console in the CT scanning system; and repeating generating, storing, and transmitting of the raw data in the case of an unfinished scan, until the unfinished scan is finished.

Abstract: A system for scanning aircraft for concealed threats is provided. The system comprises a vehicle and a manipulator arm attached with a scanning head that can be maneuvered in multiple directions to completely scan an aircraft from the outside. The system uses transmission based X-ray detection, backscatter based X-ray detection or a combination thereof, in various embodiments. The system also includes gamma-ray and neutron detectors, for detection of nuclear and radioactive materials.