Abstract: A bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator includes a bottom substrate, a piezoelectric layer disposed above the bottom substrate, a cap wafer disposed above the piezoelectric layer, a top electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer, a bottom electrode disposed below the piezoelectric layer, a first pad metal layer disposed on and electrically connected to the top electrode. a second pad metal layer disposed on and electrically connected to the bottom electrode, a top bonding layer disposed below the cap wafer, for bonding the cap wafer with the piezoelectric layer; and a bond contacting layer disposed between the top bonding layer and each one of the first pad metal layer and the second pad metal layer.

Abstract: A controllable light propagation system includes a light guide elongated in a first direction, a controllable liquid crystal (LC) element including an LC material and having a first side adjacent the light guide to define a dynamic interface between the light guide and controllable LC element, and an array of electrodes arranged at different locations along the first direction. The array of electrodes arranged along the first direction are selectively activatable to generate electric fields in the LC material to control a transmissivity of the dynamic interface between the light guide and the controllable LC element, thereby allowing a controlled extraction of light at selected locations along the light guide. An array of optical elements may be provided at a second side of the controllable LC element to deflect or otherwise influence the extracted light, e.g., as a function of the location of the extracted light along the first direction.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods may use input/output (I/O) apparatus and an optical switching medium to switch, or route, optical data signals. The optical switching medium may include a plurality of optical switching regions. The I/O apparatus may transmit optical data signals to and receive optical data signals from the optical switching medium to provide switching functionality.

Abstract: An optical fiber cleaving device (1) has a knife (3) and two clamping arrangements (6a, 7). A first clamping arrangement (6a) includes an element (8a) configured to receive a light-radiation-curing adhesive (11) together with an end portion (5a) of the fiber (5), which is embedded in the adhesive (11). A lamp (15) is configured to apply light on the adhesive (11) to cure it so that the end portion (5a) of the fiber (5) is firmly bound to the element (8a). The end portion (5a) is in this way fixedly held during cleaving of the fiber (5). A method is also provided for cleaving an optical fiber (5), in which the fiber (5) to be cleaved is clamped using light-radiation-curing adhesive (11), as well as use of a fiber cleaving device (1).

Abstract: Data center interconnections, which encompass WSCs as well as traditional data centers, have become both a bottleneck and a cost/power issue for cloud computing providers, cloud service providers and the users of the cloud generally. Fiber optic technologies already play critical roles in data center operations and will increasingly in the future. The goal is to move data as fast as possible with the lowest latency with the lowest cost and the smallest space consumption on the server blade and throughout the network.

Abstract: Structures for an optical fiber groove and methods of forming a structure for an optical fiber groove. A photonics chip includes a substrate and an interconnect structure over the substrate. The photonics chip has a first exterior corner, a second exterior corner, and a side edge extending from the first exterior corner to the second exterior corner. The substrate includes a groove positioned along the side edge between the first exterior corner and the second exterior corner. The groove is arranged to intersect the side edge at a groove corner, and the interconnect structure includes metal structures adjacent to the first groove corner. The metal structures extend diagonally in the interconnect structure relative to the side edge of the photonics chip.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing high throughput connectivity between multiple network nodes, such as satellites in Earth orbit or ground stations, using a multi-access free space optical communications transceiver. The transceiver includes a focal plane assembly with an array of moveable optical fibers or fiber bundles, multi-core fibers, or a combination thereof. Each optical fiber bundle may include a centrally-located data fiber with guide fibers disposed around the data fiber. A controller may align a tip of the data fiber with a focal spot associated with incoming optical signals based on measured power levels of optical signals received in the guide fibers. The data fiber may be a multi-mode fiber (MMF) and circuitry in the transceiver may couple signals from the MMF into separate single-mode fibers (SMF) and then coherently combine signals from the SMFs.

Abstract: Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has enabled telecommunication service providers to fully exploit the transmission capacity of optical fibers. State of the art systems in long-haul networks now have aggregated capacities of terabits per second. Moreover, by providing multiple independent multi-gigabit channels, WDM technologies offer service providers with a straight forward way to build networks and expand networks to support multiple clients with different requirements. In order to reduce costs, enhance network flexibility, reduce spares, and provide re-configurability many service providers have migrated away from fixed wavelength transmitters, receivers, and transceivers, to wavelength tunable transmitters, receivers, and transceivers as well as wavelength dependent add-drop multiplexer, space switches etc.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for measuring a reference beam and a corresponding returned beam from a target in a measurement system using a single sensor array. The system is configured such that the location of the reference beam is space apart from the location of the returned beam on the sensor array. A first set of sensor elements on the sensor array corresponding to the reference beam is dynamically activated based on a laser beam scanning control signal. The detection signal from the first set of sensor elements is used to determine a location and/or a pattern of the reference beam, which are then used to estimate a location and/or a pattern of the corresponding returned beam on the same sensor array and dynamically select and activate a second set of sensor elements on the sensor array based on the estimated location and/or pattern of the corresponding returned beam.

Abstract: A method of forming an optical fibre assembly, comprises providing a planar substrate made of a first material; positioning an optical fibre with an outer layer of a first glass material on a surface of the substrate to form a pre-assembly; depositing a further glass material such as silica soot onto the pre-assembly, over at least a part of the optical fibre and adjacent parts of the substrate surface; and heating the pre-assembly to consolidate the further glass material into an amorphous volume in contact with at least parts of the surface of the substrate and the outer layer of the optical fibre, thereby bonding the optical fibre to the substrate to create the optical fibre assembly.

Abstract: A scanning endoscope including an optical fiber scanner that vibrates a distal end of the optical fiber that guides illumination light and emits the illumination light from the distal end thereof, a controller that conducts control for vibrating the optical fiber at a certain driving frequency set according to a resonance frequency of the optical fiber and for controlling amplitude of the vibration so as to be changed at a certain modulation frequency, and a movement detector that detects the resonance frequency of the optical fiber, wherein the controller changes the driving frequency and the modulation frequency at the same rate as the rate of change of the resonance frequency when the resonance frequency of the optical fiber detected by the movement detector changes.

Abstract: A fiber optic crossover cable includes a first cable portion, a second cable portion, a crossover distribution unit, and fiber optic subunits. The first cable portion includes an M number of first cable units. Each of the M number of first cable units includes an N number of the fiber optic subunits. The second cable portion includes an N number of second cable units. Each of the N number of second cable units includes an M number of the fiber optic subunits. The M number of first cable units and the N number of second cable units are arranged in the crossover distribution unit. The N number of fiber optic subunits respectively extend to the N number of second cable units. The M number of fiber optic subunits respectively extend to the M number of first cable units.

Abstract: Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has enabled telecommunication service providers to fully exploit the transmission capacity of optical fibers. State of the art systems in long-haul networks now have aggregated capacities of terabits per second. Moreover, by providing multiple independent multi-gigabit channels, WDM technologies offer service providers with a straight forward way to build networks and expand networks to support multiple clients with different requirements. In order to reduce costs, enhance network flexibility, reduce spares, and provide re-configurability many service providers have migrated away from fixed wavelength transmitters, receivers, and transceivers, to wavelength tunable transmitters, receivers, and transceivers as well as wavelength dependent add-drop multiplexer, space switches etc.

Abstract: Described are various configurations for an amplifying optical demultiplexer. Various embodiments can receive an input signal comprising multiple sub-signals, and separate and amplify the signals within the demultiplexer. Some embodiments include a multistage demultiplexer with amplifiers located between a first and second stage. Some embodiments include a multistage demultiplexer with amplifiers located between a second and third stage.

Abstract: Hybrid optical integration places very strict manufacturing tolerances and performance requirements upon the multiple elements to exploit passive alignment techniques as well as having additional processing requirements. Alternatively, active alignment and soldering/fixing where feasible is also complex and time consuming with 3, 4, or 6-axis control of each element. However, microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems can sense, control, and activate mechanical processes on the micro scale. Beneficially, therefore the inventors combine silicon MEMS based micro-actuators with silicon CMOS control and drive circuits in order to provide alignment of elements within a silicon optical circuit either with respect to each other or with other optical elements hybridly integrated such as compound semiconductor elements. Such inventive MEMS based circuits may be either maintained as active during deployment or powered off once the alignment has been “locked” through an attachment/retention/latching process.

Abstract: In an apparatus in which an electrical interconnection interconnects stacked active and passive layers, switches, including at least first, second, third, and fourth switches, on the active layer define a switching network that, when connected to a fly capacitor on the passive layer, define a circuit having a first node connected to the first and second switches and to a first terminal of the fly capacitor, a second node connected to the second switch and third switches, and a third node connected to the third switch and fourth switches and to a second terminal of the fly capacitor.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for single edge coupling of chips with integrated waveguides. For example, a package structure includes a first chip with a first critical edge, and a second chip with a second critical edge. The first and second chips include integrated waveguides with end portions that terminate on the first and second critical edges. The second chip includes a signal reflection structure that is configured to reflect an optical signal propagating in one or more of the integrated waveguides of the second chip. The first and second chips are edge-coupled at the first and second critical edges such that the end portions of the integrated waveguides of the first and second chips are aligned to each other, and wherein all signal input/output between the first and second chips occurs at the single edge-coupled interface.

Abstract: Good optical properties can be achieved in an optical waveguide made of polycrystalline silicon. A semiconductor layer that constitutes each of a first optical signal line, a second optical signal line, a grating coupler, an optical modulator, and a p-type layer of a germanium optical receiver is formed by a polycrystalline silicon film. Crystal grains of polycrystalline silicon exposed on an upper surface of the semiconductor layer include crystal grains having flat surfaces parallel to a first main surface of a semiconductor substrate, and crystal grains of polycrystalline silicon exposed on side surfaces (including side surfaces of a protrusion of a protruding portion) of the semiconductor layer include crystal grains having flat surfaces perpendicular to the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, systems, and apparatuses to utilize an electro-optic modulator including one or more heating elements. The modulator can utilize one or more heating elements to control an absorption or phase shift of the modulated optical signal. At least the active region of the modulator and the one or more heating elements of the modulator are included in a thermal isolation region comprising a low thermal conductivity to thermally isolate the active region and the one or more heating elements from a substrate of the PIC.

Abstract: Image projection devices, high-speed fiber scanned displays and related methods for projecting an image onto a surface and interfacing with the projected image are provided. A method for projecting one or more images and obtaining feedback with an optical input-output assembly is provided. The input-output assembly comprising a light-scanning optical fiber and a sensor. The method includes generating a sequence of light in response to one or more image representations and a scan pattern of the optical fiber, articulating the optical fiber in the scan pattern, projecting the sequence of light from the articulated optical fiber, and generating a feedback signal with the sensor in response to reflections of the sequence of light.

Abstract: A fiber twist reduction system for optical shape sensing enabled instruments includes a rotatable launch fixture (12) configured to hold an optical fiber (28). An optical shape sensing enabled device (26) includes the optical fiber disposed therein. A rotation mechanism (14) is configured to rotate the fiber in response to a twist of the fiber to reduce accumulated twist along its length.

Abstract: A method and system are described for reducing a thermo-optic effect in silicon photonics. In described embodiments, the system comprises a silicon photonic device with a silicon core that includes a cladding layer comprising titanium adjacent to the silicon core. In described embodiments, the method comprises providing a silicon core and depositing a cladding layer adjacent to the silicon photonic core, wherein the cladding layer comprises titanium.

Abstract: An optical fiber positioner having an elongated base with sidewalls and a longitudinally extending throughbore. A flexible optical fiber extends through the throughbore and has one end protruding outwardly from an end surface of the base. A plurality of actuators are secured to the sidewalls of the base so that an end of each actuator is positioned adjacent the end of the base. A crossbeam is then connected to the ends of each actuator so that the crossbeam moves laterally relative to the base in unison with the deflection of the actuators. The crossbeam has an opening through which the optical fiber extends so that the optical fiber deflects in unison with the lateral movement of the crossbeam. Various fixtures for assembly of the optical fiber positioner are also shown.

Abstract: Various designs of optical switch are disclosed. In one embodiment, the optical switch uses wedges to hold up a collimator and secure the wedges and collimator to a substrate with a type of adhesive, thus avoiding high temperature in soldering process. There are at least two assemblies bonded to the substrate using the adhesive. Each of the assemblies includes a collimator and two wedges, where the wedges are provided to physically hold up the collimator in position. The assemblies are glued directly to the substrate after an optical alignment is performed.

Abstract: A first electro-optic crystal substrate and a second electro-optic crystal substrate are provided as an electro-optic crystal substrate. The first electro-optic crystal substrate comprises a first periodic polarization reversal structure in which first polarization pairs, in each of which the directions of polarization in response to electric fields are opposite to each other, are arranged in a first period along a first arrangement direction which is orthogonal or inclined with respect to the direction of propagation, and light passes through the first periodic polarization reversal structure.

Abstract: There is proposed a laser machining device (10) for a laser workpiece machining operation, having a laser (14) for producing laser radiation (50), and having at least two laser tools (18, 18?), to which the laser radiation (50) can be supplied by means of an optical-fiber cable (16). According to the invention, the optical-fiber cable (16) has an input-side end (20) having at least two optical fiber cores (22, 22?) and a plurality of output-side ends (26, 26?) each having one of the optical fiber cores (22, 22?), the optical fiber cores (22, 22?) each being connected to one of the laser tools (18, 18?). A switching device (28) is preferably provided for selectively coupling the laser radiation (50) in one or more of the optical fiber cores (22, 22?) of the optical-fiber cable (16).

Abstract: A fiber scanning projector includes a light source comprising a plurality of monochromatic light sources, a modulator providing a modulation signal according to image information to the light source, a scanner scanning a screen with a light emitted from the light source and controlled according to the modulation signal, the scanner including a fiber bundle and an actuator which 2-axis-drives the fiber bundle, and a synchronization controller synchronizing driving of the actuator and driving of the modulator.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display element includes a light guide and a light extraction unit. The light guide extends in one direction, and is optically transmissive. The light extraction unit includes a displacement layer, a reflective layer provided on the displacement layer, and a light extraction layer provided on the reflective layer to oppose the light guide. A plurality of prisms are formed in one major surface of the light extraction layer opposing the reflective layer. A trough line is formed between mutually-adjacent ridgelines. The element has at least one selected from a configuration in which an angle between one of the oblique surfaces and one other major surface of the light extraction layer opposing the light guide is different between corresponding oblique surfaces of two mutually-adjacent prisms and a configuration in which the ridgelines of the prisms are non-parallel to the trough line between the ridgelines.

Abstract: A multi-channel, multi-port optical tap coupler with an alignment base element, a pair of sub-assemblies located at opposite ends of the alignment base element, focusing elements located next to each sub-assembly, and an optical filter adjacent to, and in-between the focusing elements is described. The first sub-assembly has an array of waveguides with each waveguide having a radial offset and an azimuthal position with respect to a center axis of the array. The first array includes transmission waveguides and receiving waveguides and each receiving waveguide has a corresponding transmission wave guide that is separated by an azimuthal angle of 180 degrees. The second sub-assembly has a second array of waveguides including a wave guide having the same radial offset and the same azimuthal position for each of the transmission wave guides of the first array.

Abstract: A multi-channel, multi-port bi-directional optical tap coupler with an alignment base element, a pair of sub-assemblies located at opposite ends of the alignment base element, focusing elements located next to each sub-assembly, and an optical filter adjacent to, and in-between the focusing elements is described. The first sub-assembly has an array of waveguides with each waveguide having a radial offset and an azimuthal position with respect to a center axis of the array. The first array includes transmission waveguides and receiving waveguides and each receiving waveguide has a corresponding transmission wave guide that is separated by an azimuthal angle of 180 degrees. The second sub-assembly has a second array of waveguides including a wave guide having the same radial offset and the same azimuthal position for each of the transmission wave and receiving guides of the first array.

Abstract: An optical signal processing apparatus includes an input unit to which signal light is input; a wave coupling unit that couples the signal light from the input unit and pump light having a waveform different from that of the signal light; a first nonlinear optical medium that transmits light coupled by the wave coupling unit, the light being the signal light and the pump light; a dispersion medium that transmits the light that has been transmitted through the first nonlinear optical medium; and a second nonlinear optical medium that transmits the light that has been transmitted through the dispersion medium.

Abstract: A light intensity subtractor according to one aspect of the present invention includes a light subtraction unit, a feedback circuit, a light input port, a first light output port, and a second light output port. The light subtraction unit receives input light through the light input port, outputs first output light to the first light output port, and outputs second output light to the second light output port. The light subtraction unit generates the first output light by reducing the light intensity of the second output light from the light intensity of the input light in accordance with a control voltage. The feedback circuit is connected to the light subtraction unit through the second light output port, and outputs the control voltage in accordance with the light intensity of the received second output light.

Abstract: An optical beam switch includes at least one input optical wave guide, multiple output optical wave guides and an optical switching element for selectively switching a light beam guided in the at least one input optical wave guide to one of the output optical wave guides, in which the switching element is between the at least one input optical waveguide and the multiple output optical waveguides. The optical switching element includes a beam propagation element and an optical focusing system, where the beam propagation element has two mutually opposed end faces and where either the beam propagation element or the optical focusing system can be deflected and/or twisted transversely to an optical axis. The at least one input optical wave guide is attached to a first end face of the beam propagation element, and the output optical wave guides are attached to a second end face.

Abstract: A reconfigurable optofluidic apparatus includes a microfluidic chip including a microfluidic channel further including an inlet for a liquid core waveguide fluid; a channel pathway for the liquid core waveguide fluid; a plurality of non-core waveguide fluid inlets; a switching chamber having a larger cross sectional area than the channel pathway; and an outlet for the liquid core waveguide fluid and non-core waveguide fluid, further including a plurality of non-liquid core waveguides disposed in the switching chamber. Light input to the apparatus propagates in the liquid core/liquid cladding (liquid) waveguide. The path of the liquid waveguide can be steered in a region of the apparatus over one of the non-liquid core waveguides such that the light is end-fire- or evanescently-coupled into the non-liquid core waveguide and output therefrom or between two of the non-liquid core waveguides and not coupled or output. Associated optofluidic switching methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An optical path switch and an optical router are provided. The optical path switch comprises an input optical path (100), two output optical paths (201, 202), and an optical path switching element (300). The optical path switching element selectively routes the beam from the input optical path to one of the output optical paths. The optical path switching element comprises a semiconductor substrate (301), an inter-layer dielectric layer (307) on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, a cavity (302) disposed in the inter-layer dielectric layer, and an elastic light guiding plate (306) disposed in the cavity. One end of the cavity is connected with the input optical path, and the other end is separated into an upper cavity (304) and a lower cavity (305) by an isolating layer (303).

Abstract: Frequency standards based on mode-locked fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers and fiber-based ultra-broad bandwidth light sources, and applications of the same.

Abstract: An optical waveguide includes a substrate, an upper clad layer arranged on the substrate; and an optical waveguide structure that is disposed in the upper clad layer so as to be parallel to a surface of the substrate. The optical waveguide structure includes a flat optical waveguide, channel optical waveguides that are each connected with a first edge face of the flat optical waveguide and extend radially therefrom, the channel optical waveguides each respectively have lateral sides parallel to the substrate surface that have a width therebetween which increases as the distance from the first edge face increases, and an input optical waveguide connected with a second edge face that is arranged at an side of the flat optical waveguide opposite to the first edge face.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of input optical couplers and a plurality of output optical couplers. The input optical couplers are placed in a pattern to receive light from multiple locations of an end face of an input multimode optical fiber (MMOF). The output optical couplers are placed in a pattern to provide light to multiple locations of an end face of an output MMOF. The apparatus further includes a plurality of single-mode optical paths. Each of the paths is connected to a corresponding one of the input optical couplers and a corresponding one of the output optical couplers.

Abstract: Techniques for designing optical devices that can be manufactured in volume are disclosed. In an exemplary an optical assembly, to ensure that all collimators are on one side to facilitate efficient packaging, all collimators are positioned on both sides of a substrate. Thus one or more beam folding components are used to fold a light beam up and down through the collimators on top of the substrate and bottom of the substrate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for controlling a bias point voltage for an external optical modulator are provided. A control loop is used to adjust a bias signal applied to an external modulator by determining unwanted signals at a predetermined frequency received by an optical receiver of the control loop and accounting for these unwanted signals when determining the bias point voltage.

Abstract: Through its higher refractive index, a silicon grism can be used to reduce the Described herein are systems and methods for reducing optical aberrations in an optical system to decrease polarization dependent loss. Embodiments are provided particularly to define beam trajectories through an optical switching system which reduce off-axis aberrations. In one embodiment, a silicon grism is provided for reducing the curvature of the focal plane at an LCOS device in a wavelength selective switch (WSS) such that the separated polarization states converge at the LCOS at substantially the same point along the optical axis for all wavelengths. In this embodiment, an axial offset at the LCOS device will not produce large PDL at the coupling fibers. In another embodiment, a coupling lens having an arcuate focusing region is provided to address an offset in the optical beams, such that the separated polarization states couple symmetrically to respective output fibers.

Abstract: An innovative micro-size photonic switch is presented. The photonic switch is comprised of: a mirror having a reflecting surface; an input waveguide; and an output tapered waveguide structure. The photonic switch further includes a switching mechanism disposed adjacent to the reflecting surface and operable to change the refractive index along the reflective surface and thereby shift the angle at which the optical signal reflects from the mirror. More specifically, the switching mechanism may operate to change concentration of free carrier distribution along the reflective surface and thereby displace the effective reflecting interface of the mirror. In this way, the optical signal can be directed to one of two or more output ports of the output tapered waveguide structure and finally exited by one output waveguide channel that is connected to the selected port of the output tapered waveguide structure.

Abstract: A 90-degree optical hybrid interferometer having an optical path length difference to a pair of the optical signal waveguide arm and the local oscillator optical waveguide arm at either the I phase side or the Q phase side at the TE optical signal side and the TM optical signal side respectively thus giving a phase delay to output interference signals of the I phase side and the Q phase side. The 90-degree optical hybrid interferometer has eight output ports arranged in order of Ip, In, Qp, and Qn at both the TE side and the TM side respectively, by setting the output phase difference which is the sum of the phase difference according to the optical path length difference and phase conversion characteristics of each optical coupler at the I phase side and the Q phase side and the phase delay, as +?/2.

Abstract: An optical fiber transmission switching device includes a first transmission port; a second transmission port; a terminal-end input port; a terminal-end output port; a first and a second optical module respectively including an electrical input port, an electrical output port, and a bi-directional optical port, wherein the two bi-directional optical ports are coupled to the first and the second transmission port respectively; a first and a second laser driver circuit respectively coupled to the first and the second optical module; a first and a second electrical amplifier respectively coupled to the first and the second optical module; a first switching module coupled to the terminal-end input port and the first and the second laser driver circuit; a second switching module coupled to the first and the second electrical amplifier and the terminal-end output port.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device is provided for use with a first through fourth light beams. The device includes a first through fourth waveguides and first through fourth light scattering portions. The first waveguide has a length and a width and is arranged to receive the first light beam, wherein the length is larger than the width. The second waveguide is parallel with the first waveguide and is arranged to receive the second light beam. The third waveguide is disposed perpendicularly to and intersecting with the first waveguide and the second waveguide. The third waveguide is arranged to receive the third light beam. The fourth waveguide is parallel with the third waveguide and is disposed perpendicularly to and intersecting with the first waveguide and the second waveguide. The fourth waveguide is arranged to receive the fourth light beam. The first light scattering portion is disposed at the intersection of the first waveguide and the third waveguide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fiber optic jack for routing optical signals. In another aspect, the present invention provides a fiber optic connector with accurate alignment that may be used with, among other things, the fiber optic jack.

Abstract: An approach is provided for an automated patch panel. A command is received to change a connection state of an optic patch cord. A robotic arm is controlled to change the connection state of the optic patch cord with respect to a particular port of a plurality of ports disposed about a disk-shaped face of a docking panel.

Abstract: An optical switch (16) for alternatively redirecting a source beam (14) includes a director assembly (18) that is selectively moveable between (i) a first switch position (350), (ii) a second switch position (352), and (iii) a dual switch position (354). In the first switch position (350), the source beam (14) passes to a first port (36). In the second switch position (352), the source beam (14) is directed to a second port (38). In the dual switch position (354), the director assembly (18) splits the source beam (14) into a first beam part (314A) that is directed to the first port (36), and a second beam part (314B) that is directed to the second port (38).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a digital electro-optical switch (1) comprising: an electro-optical substrate (3); a Y-shaped optical waveguide (2) formed in the substrate (3) and including an input branch (4) configured to be connected to an input optical waveguide, and two output branches (5) configured to be connected to respective output optical waveguides; and electrically conductive electrodes (6, 7) formed on the substrate (3) and including an inner electrode (7) arranged between the output branches (5), substantially at a branching area of the optical waveguide (2), and two outer electrodes (6) arranged outside the output branches (5), on opposite sides of the inner electrode (7), the outer electrodes (6) being electrically operable to make the electro-optical switch (1) operative between a first switching state wherein transmission of optical energy is enhanced between the input branch (4) and a first one of the output branches (5), and substantially inhibited in a second one of the output branches (5), and a se

Abstract: An optical device may include a substrate and an optical waveguide carried by the substrate and having a notch therein defining a feed optical waveguide and a longitudinal optical waveguide section on opposite longitudinal sides of the notch. The optical device may also include a transverse optical waveguide section carried by the substrate and transversely aligned with the feed optical waveguide adjacent the notch. The optical device may further include an elastomeric waveguide switch body configured to be moved between a first position within the notch and operative to switch light from the feed optical waveguide to the longitudinal optical waveguide section, and a second position removed from the notch and operative to switch light from the optical waveguide to the transverse optical waveguide section.