Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill via a gas extraction system are provided herein. According to some aspects of the technology, there is provided site-level control methods for globally controlling one or more wells based on one or more characteristics of aggregate landfill gas collected from a plurality of wells at a gas output. According to some aspects of the technology, there is provided well-level control methods for locally controlling a first well based on or more characteristics of landfill gas collected from the first well. According to further aspects of the technology, there is provided hybrid control methods for making adjustments to a respective well based on both site-level and well-level control methods.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill via a gas extraction system comprising well piping, the landfill gas having a first temperature when extracted, the control system comprising: a gas composition chamber coupled to the well piping and comprising at least one sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of a landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber; a temperature control mechanism configured to heat the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber to a second temperature at least a threshold amount greater than the first temperature; and a controller configured to control the at least one sensor to measure the one or more characteristics of the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber when a temperature of the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber is at least the threshold amount greater than the first temperature.

Abstract: A hot water tank including: a shell enclosing a chamber containing a heat exchange liquid, the shell including a base, side wall and lid; a cold water inlet connected to a first end of a heat exchanger, and a hot water outlet connected to a second end of the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is located in an upper portion of the chamber; a primary heating element connected to a power source for heating the heat exchange liquid, the primary heating element being located in a lower portion of the chamber.

Abstract: Water heaters are disclosed having first and second fluid conduits, where the second fluid conduit is fluidly coupled to and disposed about at least a portion of the first conduit. One or more heating device, and preferably an infrared light source, can be disposed between the first and second conduits, such that water flowing within the conduits can be heated by the heating device.

Abstract: A water heating system for a domestic hot water tank, the system including: a heat pump adapted to provide heat energy; and a heat exchanger comprising a coil of thermally conductive material arranged such that a diameter of the coil is approximately between five and six times greater than a diameter of the thermally conductive material and the heat exchanger is adapted to be installed in the domestic hot water tank and operationally coupled to the heat pump.

Abstract: A heater comprises an inlet for a medium to be heated, an outlet for the medium, and at least two cassettes. Each cassette comprising a first plate comprising a first main surface and a second plate comprising a second main surface. The first and second plates are attached to each other and enclose a respective flow channel for the medium. The cassettes are arranged beside each other with a space between the cassettes for an electric heating element. The electric heating element abuts the first main surface of one of the cassettes and the second main surface of the adjacent cassette. The heater comprises two distance members extending between the one cassette and the adjacent cassette. The distance members define the space.

Abstract: Machine for preparing beverages from capsules, wherein the machine has a vertical axis (V-V) and comprises a dispensing assembly (1), the assembly in its turn comprising: means for containing a capsule (3), comprising a first element (4) and a second element (5) movable one respect to the other to define, in a closed position, a chamber for extracting the capsule, according to an axis (A-A) of said means; guiding means (2) for inserting the capsule (3) inside said assembly (1), and for retaining it in an intermediate position, different from the extraction position of the beverage; and ducts for feeding an infusion fluid into said capsule and dispensing a beverage from said capsule, characterized in that said axis (A-A) of the containing means (4, 5) of the capsule (3) is tilted with respect to the vertical axis (V-V) of the machine of an angle (?) lower than 45 degrees.

Abstract: A boiler for domestic appliances and water heating systems with steam production for home and industrial use includes: a container body configured to contain a liquid to be heated and vaporized, and defining an inner containment chamber having a containment volume; a heating device having a radiant heating surface, the heating device including at least one pair of radiant elements having respective radiant surfaces accommodated in the containment chamber, in parallel and spaced relationship, and designed to be immersed in the liquid to cause a convective motion of the liquid between the radiant surfaces.

Abstract: A PTC heater having a heat conductor, a first end cover, a second end cover, and a PTC heating element. The heat conductor includes a duct for accommodating a PTC heating element, a first liquid passage channel, and a second liquid passage channel. The first end cover is coupled to one end of the heat conductor and includes a first and a second compartment, a water inlet, and a water outlet. The water inlet is in fluid communication with the first compartment and the first liquid passage channel, and the water outlet is in fluid communication with the second compartment and the second liquid passage channel. The second end cover is coupled to the other end of the heat conductor. The first and second liquid passage channels are in fluid communication with each other via an internal space of the second end cover to form a closed liquid circulation channel.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a heating unit (100) for a beverage preparation machine (1) said machine (1) being suitable for preparing a beverage by mixing a beverage ingredient with a fluid, said machine comprising a pump for circulating said beverage preparation fluid through said machine at least from a fluid source to said heating unit, the heating unit (100) being suitable for heating said fluid and comprising: a housing (103) defining a fluid heating chamber (108), and a heating element (104) located inside said housing (103) and being adapted to heat said fluid therein, wherein the heating unit (100) further comprises a pre-heating tube (101) for conveying said fluid received from said pump through said heating unit (100), the pre-heating tube (101) comprising a tube inlet (102) and a tube outlet (107), the tube outlet (107) connecting with the heating chamber (108), and wherein the pre-heating tube (101) is located at least partly within the housing (103) in such a way that the heating element (104)

Abstract: A water delivery system is provided, comprising at least one faucet device with a cold water faucet part and a hot water faucet part, a cold water line to the at least one faucet device, a tankless heater device for heating water, a hot water line having a first portion running from an outlet of the tankless heater device to the at least one faucet device and having a second portion running from the at least one faucet device to an inlet of the tankless heater device, and a circulatory pump arranged in the second portion of the hot water line, wherein the circulatory pump has a prefixed first performance level and a prefixed second performance level, wherein the first performance level causes a finite water flow in the hot water line which is below an operation threshold value of the tankless heater device.

Abstract: An IV line temperature controlled warming device includes a housing and a fluid cassette or cartridge that receives fluid from an IV line and includes intravenous line tubing arranged in a preformed configuration. The configuration includes tubing sections arranged in generally circular and concentric portions and a central serpentine tubing section that basically reverses fluid flow and facilitates flow in opposing directions within adjacent tubing sections. The fluid cassette is retained within the device on a base plate partially disposed within a device housing interior, while a housing cover is selectively opened and closed to permit access to the base plate. The base plate includes a heater plate disposed thereon, while the cover and heater plate each include heating elements to apply heat to opposing surfaces of the tubing cassette. The heating elements are controlled by a controller in response to measured temperatures of the heater plate and fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical liquid heating device for a motor vehicle, said heating device comprising at least one module for heating the aforementioned liquid. The device is characterised in that the at least one heating module comprises: a substantially cylindrical chamber (13,113,213) having at least one heating means (114) for heating the liquid and defining a circuit (15,115,215) for guiding the liquid to be heated; and a control means (9,109,209) for controlling said at least one heating means (114), positioned facing one end of the cylindrical chamber (13,113,213).

Abstract: A method for processing solar cells comprising: providing a vertical furnace to receive an array of mutually spaced circular semiconductor wafers for integrated circuit processing; composing a process chamber loading configuration for solar cell substrates, wherein a size of the solar cell substrates that extends along a first surface to be processed is smaller than a corresponding size of the circular semiconductor wafers, such that multiple arrays of mutually spaced solar cell substrates can be accommodated in the process chamber, loading the solar cell substrates into the process chamber; subjecting the solar cell substrates to a process in the process chamber.

Abstract: A water boiling device includes a heat tank unit received in a machine body, a high frequency induction heater, and a heat pipe unit. The heat tank unit includes first and second heating tanks in communication with each other. Outside water can flow into the first and second heating tanks. The high frequency induction heater includes a heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils. The heat pipe unit includes first and second heating pipes. An upper section of each heating pipe is received in one of the heating tanks, and a lower section of each heating pipe extends out of the heating tanks and is inserted into the heat pipe induction coil. The first and second heating tanks will heat up to heat the water in the first and second heating tanks when a high frequency current is passed through the heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils.

Abstract: The device (2) comprises: a first water heater (9), having at least a first water duct (45) and at least a first heating member (43); and a second water heater (23), having at least a second water duct (55). The first water heater (9) and the second water heater (23) are in thermal connection the one to the other one.

Abstract: An oil water mixture heating apparatus comprises a metal outer barrel with a helical trough formed inside, a metal inner barrel held in the metal outer barrel to form a helical passage with the helical trough, a first and a second guide cap coupled on two sides of the metal outer and inner barrels, a first and a second seal cap coupled respectively on the first and second guide caps, a first and a second holder fixedly located on outer sides of the two seal caps and an electric heater encasing the metal outer barrel. When combustible oil or oil water mixture enters the helical passage and are heated by the electric heater, the oil or oil water mixture also is constantly blended in the helical passage so that it is heated rapidly to a required temperature and forms a finer oil water mixture.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing a heated cleaning fluid to a vehicle surface. The apparatus has an inlet port for receiving an amount of fluid; an outlet port for dispensing an amount of heated fluid; a heating element that heats up fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet; and a control circuit for energizing at least a portion of the heating element with a voltage to heat the fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid heating unit capable of monitoring the temperature of the liquid storage tank or pipe in which liquid is heated by permeation of the radiated light, a liquid processing apparatus including the same, and a liquid processing method. The liquid heating unit includes: a lamp heater radiating light; a cylindrical member having a cylindrical shape made of material permeating the radiated light configured to insert and penetrate the lamp heater into an internal space; a liquid conduction part placed along an outer periphery of the cylindrical member and configured to heat liquid flowing therein by using the radiated light; a reflection plate covering the liquid conduction part from the outside and reflecting the radiated light; and a first temperature sensor attached to an outer surface of the reflection plate.

Abstract: A heatable hose (1), in particular a respiration hose, having a flexible hose wall (4), shall guarantee through its design that a contact of the electric conductors or heating wires (14, 16) accommodated in the hose (1) and, thus, a short circuit, is excluded. For this purpose, the hose (1) is equipped with a plurality of reinforcing ribs (8, 12, 20, 22), each of which winds around the hose wall (4) in the manner of a helical line and which form together a multiple-threaded helical line, at least two reinforcing ribs (8, 12) being provided, each of which encloses a heating wire (14, 16) designed for heating the hose. Each heating wire (14, 16) is preferably a single-conductor wire.

Abstract: A high efficiency coffee maker is disclosed. An exemplary high efficiency coffee maker includes a heating element; and a passageway operable to conduct a liquid therethrough. The passageway has at least two overlapping portions, each of the overlapping portions being in thermal contact with the heating element.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing a heated cleaning fluid to a vehicle surface. The apparatus has an inlet port for receiving an amount of fluid; an outlet port for dispensing an amount of heated fluid; a heating element that heats up fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet; and a control circuit for energizing at least a portion of the heating element with a voltage to heat the fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet. The apparatus also has expandable and compressible features and parts for protection against freezing.

Abstract: Devices for heating liquids have been known for a long time. The applications of these devices can also be of very diverse nature. Such heating devices are thus for instance already applied on a large scale as, or applied as component in, water kettles, dishwashers, washing machines, coffee-making machines, shower water heaters and the like. The invention relates to a device for heating liquids. The invention also relates to a base structure for use in such a device. The invention further relates to a method for heating liquids.

Abstract: A heatable hose (1), in particular a respiration hose, having a flexible hose wall (4), shall guarantee through its design that a contact of the electric conductors or heating wires (14, 16) accommodated in the hose (1) and, thus, a short circuit, is excluded. For this purpose, the hose (1) is equipped with a plurality of reinforcing ribs (8, 12, 20, 22), each of which winds around the hose wall (4) in the manner of a helical line and which form together a multiple-threaded helical line, at least two reinforcing ribs (8, 12) being provided, each of which encloses a heating wire (14, 16) designed for heating the hose. Each heating wire (14, 16) is preferably a single-conductor wire.

Abstract: In a microstructure apparatus for heating and atomizing a fluid with an inner body received in an outer tube, circumferential microstructure passages are formed into the inner surface of the outer tube or the outer surface of the inner body so as to form a flow passage which is provided with an inlet connector and heating means are incorporated into the inner body for heating the fluid conducted through the microstructure flow passages under pressure, the microstructure fluid passages extending spirally around the inner body so as to proved for a relatively long microstructure fluid flow passage which is open at the axial end thereof for discharging the fluid heated pressurized therein through the open axial end.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing a heated cleaning fluid to a vehicle surface. The apparatus has an inlet port for receiving an amount of fluid; an outlet port for dispensing an amount of heated fluid; a heating element that heats up fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet; and a control circuit for energizing at least a portion of the heating element with a voltage to heat the fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: A heat trace system (10) is used for heating water to prevent freezing in a conduit (20) while servicing an aircraft positioned at a passenger loading bridge (52). An upstream fitting (26) is attached onto the conduit adjacent to a building structure and a downstream fitting (48) is attached onto the conduit adjacent to the cab of the passenger loading bridge. A coated retractable coiled wire disposed within the conduit and cold lead wires (46) enter through the upstream fitting and leave through the downstream fitting. A low voltage solid state power control box (56) is in communication with the cold lead attached to the coiled wire inside providing regulated electrical energy for heating the coiled wire thus preventing freezing the water within in the conduit.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for controlling fluid-heating using a polymer disk, which includes: a pump for discharging fluid at a uniform flow rate; a fluid-heating module including a polymer disk to convey the fluid discharged from the pump to allow a temperature of the fluid to periodically vary; and a controller for controlling the temperature of the fluid-heating module, whereby it is possible to be adapted to a fluid device for biochemical reaction such as DNA amplification, and simply used as a disposable device, which is low cost and readily manufactured in a multiple manner.

Abstract: In a heat conducting assembly for a water heater and a method for making the heat conducting assembly, there is provided a heat-conductive housing which has inner wall surfaces that cooperate to confine a sealed chamber. A heat-conductive unit is disposed in the sealed chamber. Heat-conductive particles are disposed in the sealed chamber, and are caused to accumulate on the inner wall surfaces of the heat-conductive housing and outer wall surfaces of the heat-conductive unit for heating water in the heat-conductive unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dental water heater. The water heater has a columnar body, and the body includes heating means extending in the axial direction of the body, and a plurality of layers of water channel sections arranged around the heating means. Each of the water channel sections spirally extends in the axial direction of the body. The adjacent pairs of the water channel sections are communicated either at upper or lower end portions thereof so as to together form a whole water channel. The whole water channel has an inlet and an outlet for water to be heated, so that water is supplied through the inlet, passed through the entire length of the whole water channel, and taken out as warmed water through the outlet.

Abstract: A heat storage apparatus comprises a heat storage material accommodation cell for accommodating therein a heat storage material having an electricity conductive characteristic and configured to be electrically heated, and a fluid passageway for allowing a heat exchanging fluid to flow therethrough, the fluid passageway being adjacent to the heat storage material accommodation cell via a bulkhead. The heat storage material accommodation cell and the fluid passageway are put in a spiral configuration together with the bulkhead in a heat storage main body of the heat storage apparatus. Heat held in the heat storage material is transferred to the heat exchanging fluid so as to be taken out of the heat storage apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat transfer system, the heat emanating from a regular light bulb wherein the heat generated by the filament within the glass of the light bulb is generally wasted by exposure to the environment. The regular light bulb is surrounded by a metallic heat shield in close proximity to the light bulb. The heat shield itself is surrounded by a coiled tubing having a medium that will heat because of the influence of the heat from the light bulb. The heated medium will be transferred to another location to heat another medium such as water, for example. The light will also be transferred to another light emitting source to light a predetermined area. The light transfer may be accomplished by a glass fiber optic cable which will transfer the light energy from the initial light source, the light bulb, to a new source of a light receiving device.

Abstract: A quick heater for drinking water includes a helical water pipe defining a narrow space therebetween for fitting an electric heating tube and having a water inlet and a water outlet. The water pipe and the electric heating tube are wrapped up with a support base having its outer side bored with plural holes respectively for the opposite ends of the water pipe and two wire connecting terminals of the electric heating tube to extend out therethrough. The support base has plural lugs at the inner side for support a container with a water intake pipe and a water-releasing pipe, the water intake pipe connected with the water outlet of the water pipe. When cool water gets into the water pipe, it flows circularly therein and is heated by the electric heating tube, and then conveyed to the container for use through the water intake pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating or cooling a fluid in flexible tubing has a body generally centered-on an axis and having an outer surface formed with a radially outwardly open helicoidal groove of a cross-sectional shape generally corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of the tubing so that the tubing can be fitted to the groove in heat-exchange contact with the body. The outer surface is tapered axially such that substantially all of the groove can be seen from a point axially offset from the body that is heated or cooled.

Abstract: A system for stripping an optical fiber includes a source of air and means for generating very short bursts of air. A heater heats the bursts of air to a temperature sufficient to remove the outer coating from an optical fiber, while maintaining the air isolated from the heat source. A single burst of heated air removes the outer coating of an optical fiber, within less than about one second. A series of closely spaced bursts or a prolonged burst of heated air may be used to remove an expanded length of fiber coating. Stripping may include translation of the fiber or the heater or portions thereof. The stripper may be configured to strip several loaded fibers or a single fiber.

Abstract: A pressureless electric water heater for domestic use having a cylindrical double-walled tank for holding a quantity of a heat transfer liquid such as water. Cold water enters a copper coil immersed in the heat transfer liquid. The heat transfer liquid is heated by an electric heating element that extends down a double-walled top. The inner walls and the outer walls of the tank and the upper and lower walls of the top may be spaced apart using any convenient spacing distance, in order to accommodate an amount of thermal insulation, such as fiberglass, foam, cellulose or cardboard, preferably includes open air spaces between the linings of insulation or between a lining of insulation and a wall or surface.

Abstract: Flow heater for heating liquid, provided with a heat-conducting element (1) with a channel (5) for accommodating and guiding a liquid to be heated and a heater element (2) which is thermally coupled to the heat-conducting element (1). The heat-conducting element (1) is composed of a heat distribution plate (3) and a retaining element (4). The retaining element is thermally connected to a first side (13) of the heat distribution plate (3) such that the heat distribution plate (3) and the retaining element (4) enclose the channel (5). The heater element (2) is situated at a second side (14) of the heat distribution plate (3) which faces away from the first side (13). The flow heater has a simple construction and allows of a large freedom of choice as regards the shape of the path followed by the channel (5).

Abstract: The fluid heating apparatus, in accordance with the present invention, developed to solve the technological problems described above is characterized by comprising at least a heating tube heating fluid to be supplied from fluid supply source, a heater section spirally formed on an outer periphery of the heating tube and a housing accommodating the heating tube and the heater section, wherein the heater section comprises a carbon wire heating element and a quartz glass tube in which the carbon wire heating element is enclosed.

Abstract: A continuous flow heater has an elastic, flexible or rigid pipe (10) which is movably mounted and a heat source (6). When a liquid flowing through the pipe is heated in the pipe interior (1), undesired scale tends to be deposited on the interior of the pipe walls. To prevent or remove this deposit, the pipe (10) is moved and/or deformed by an internal overpressure or by application of external forces, causing the deposits to be detached from the pipe inner walls and carried away by the fluid flow. The overall pipe (10) can have an inner pipe (2), inner insulating layers (3-5), a filament (6) and external insulating layers (7-9).

Abstract: A pressureless electric water heater for domestic use has a cylindrical double-walled tank for holding a quantity of a heat transfer liquid such as water. Cold water enters a copper coil immersed in the heat transfer liquid. The heat transfer liquid is heated by an electric heating element which extends down from a hinged tank top. Cold water flowing through the immersed coil is heated by the heat transfer liquid and exits the coil as hot water. The hinged top allows easy access to the interior of the tank and to the heating element, further easing access and replacement thereof. Sedimentation in the tank is minimized because the tank water is rarely replaced. Sedimentation in the coil is reduced because pressurized water flows through the coil when hot water is required and continuously cleanses the tubing. A sensor block is used to activate the heating element whenever water is introduced into the coils. An automatic fill valve maintains the tank level.

Abstract: A liquid heater assembly including a heater body having therein a coiled tube for passing liquids, a pair of heating elements, a thermistor, a thermostat, and a backup thermostat. Liquid enters the coiled liquid tube at an inlet end and exits the coiled liquid tube at an outlet end. The coiled liquid tube is positioned within the heater body between the pair of heating elements. The outlet end extends below a planar surface of the heater body. The thermistor detects the temperature changes of the heater body. The resistance of the thermistor is used to regulate the supply of power to the heating elements. The thermostat and the backup thermostat are connected in series between the power source and the heating elements to provide a safety shutoff when the heater body reaches a predetermined overheat temperature. The heater body is maintained at a predetermined temperature by regulating the electrical current to the heating elements.

Abstract: A device for heating washing liquid to be sprayed onto a vehicle windshield includes a thermally insulating body and a heating element configured to be heated in response to an applied electric current. The heating element is positioned within the thermally insulating body. A path is defined along a surface of the heating element to permit passage of the washing liquid along the surface of the heating element so that the washing liquid is heated by contact with the surface of the heating element.

Abstract: A pressureless electric water heater for domestic use has a cylindrical double-walled tank for holding a quantity of a heat transfer liquid such as water. Cold water enters a copper coil immersed in the heat transfer liquid. The heat transfer liquid is heated by an electric heating element which extends down from a hinged tank top. Cold water flowing through the immersed coil is heated by the heat transfer liquid and exits the coil as hot water. The hinged top allows easy access to the interior of the tank and to the heating element, further easing access and replacement thereof. Sedimentation in the tank is minimized because the tank water is rarely replaced. Sedimentation in the coil is reduced because pressurized water flows through the coil when hot water is required and continuously cleanses the tubing.

Abstract: A secondary air supplying apparatus for an internal combustion engine and a gas heating apparatus are provided to enable high-performance exhaust gas purification in a catalytic apparatus of the internal combustion engine, in particular, even at a low-temperature starting time. A secondary air supplying apparatus supplies secondary air to the catalytic apparatus through a secondary air introducing path for communicating the intake side of the internal combustion engine with an exhaust manifold. In the apparatus, a gas heating apparatus having an exothermic body is provided for the secondary air introducing path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a temperature controlled seat cover assembly, the assembly dimensioned and adapted to, in part, be releasably fitted over a seat and seat back portion of a vehicle seat to heat a user in contact therewith. The assembly includes an outer fabric liner defining an internal space; a fluid conduit, a condenser, a pump assembly at least one heating element disposed within the internal space. The heating element adapted to generate heat from resistance to electrical current therethrough; fire proof insulative material disposed within the internal space between the heating element and the outer fabric liner; straps attached to the outer fabric liner for releasably securing the assembly to a vehicle seat. A switch assembly having an adapter adapted to be plugged into a cigarette lighter within the interior of an automobile. The switch assembly provided to supply electrical current from the cigarette lighter to either the heater element or the condenser and pump assembly.

Abstract: The method includes the steps of: preheating a selected volume of product to a temperature proximate to the maximum temperature of the treatment; irradiating the product with an alternating electromagnetic field in order to heat the product to approximately 50.degree. C.; maintaining the product at a substantially constant temperature for a set time; cooling the product to a temperature close to the packaging temperature. An apparatus for performing the above method includes a pair of facing emitting surfaces connected to the terminals of an oscillator operating below 1 GHz and set to heat the product to a maximum temperature of approximately 50.degree. C. The apparatus also includes a thermally insulated region to maintain the product at the maximum temperature of the treatment for a selected time adapted to ensure the complete destruction of the bacterial and sporal loads.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrically heating non-flammable gases, supplied to an applicator gun comprises an elongated housing having an elongated electric heater located centrally and longitudinally therein and a metallic helically coiled tube spaced from and surrounding the heater. The coiled tube is substantially co-extensive in length with the heater and has an inlet end and an outlet end connectable to an applicator gun. An elongated preheating tubing section is disposed length-wise of and surrounded by the helically coiled tube in spaced heat exchange relation with the electric heater. The preheating tubing section has an inlet end connectable to a supply of non-flammable gas and an outlet end connected to the inlet end of the coiled tube.

Abstract: A household coffeemaker comprises a cold water reservoir (1) supplying a water heater (2) of the circulating type whose outlet is connected to a water channel (3) of a coffee filter (4). The water heater comprises a heating resistance (7) whose supply circuit is connected to the terminals (8) of a source of alternating current. The supply circuit of the resistance (7) comprises a device (11) for changing the electric power supplied to the resistance (7) so as to supply, during a first so-called pre-steeping phase, a low power to obtain a low flow rate of hot water, and during a second so-called infusion phase, a higher power to obtain a higher flow rate of hot water. The invention is applicable to drip coffeemakers.

Abstract: The container consists of a hose wound to four spiral coils and of a holding device for fixing the spiral coils parallel and spaced to each other, such that the individual spiral coils are substantially to be subjected from all sides with a heating medium. The apparatus includes a source of hot air into which the container is insertable. The temperature of the heating air is regulated by a measuring device and a controlling device. By using the heating air, an effective heating of the infusion liquid and the transfusion liquid is achieved, and a simple handling is possible without dripping bags.

Abstract: A system for applying .[.one-part thermal-cure.]. .Iadd.fluent .Iaddend.material, such as structural epoxy, includes apparatus for heating or cooling the epoxy to a temperature above or below ambient. A spirally coiled tube is suspended within a hollow enclosure by tube end fittings extending from axially opposed ends of the tube. An electrical heater and temperature sensor extend from opposed enclosure ends into the tube coils approximately centrally of the enclosure. The enclosure is filled with a heat transfer fluid that surrounds the coiled tubing. The fluid is connected through an inlet and outlet in the enclosure endwalls for circulation externally of the enclosure through a fluid chiller. A microprocessor-base controller receives input signals from the temperature sensor and a temperature adjustment mechanism, and provides outputs to the heater chiller and heater-exchange fluid pump and circulation valve, and to alarm mechanisms for indicating a high-temperature or low-temperature alarm condition.