Abstract: An output from an auto focus sensor is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converting section, and an output from the A/C converting section is stored in a memory section. Further, a second AF arithmetic section is used to concurrently execute a plurality of focus detection arithmetic operations based on data in the memory section.

Abstract: An image taking apparatus performs a focusing operation quickly and includes a light splitting unit which splits a light flux from an image-taking lens into a plurality of light fluxes, a view finder optical system observing an object image formed by the light flux from the lens, an image pickup element which photoelectrically converts the object image to an electrical signal and a focus detector detecting the focusing state of the lens according to a phase difference detector. Here, the light splitting unit changes between a first state for directing the light flux to the view finder optical system and the focus detector, a second state for directing the light flux to the image pickup element and the focus detector, and a third state in which the light flux is directed only to the image pickup element.

Abstract: A camera having an electronic image pickup element and a distance-measuring circuit that uses light signals obtained from light images of a plurality of distance-measuring areas set in a photographing screen to select a main subject and measure the distance to the subject. The camera has a focusing component, operating when the position of the main subject cannot be identified by the distance-measuring circuit, to divide the photographing screen into a plurality of areas to identify an area in which the main subject is present on the basis of a luminance distribution obtained from the areas other than those overlapping the distance-measuring areas. The focusing component focuses a photographing lens on the position of the highest contrast signal while scanning the lens position of the photographing lens.

Abstract: A focus detection device includes an image sensor and a plurality of lenslets. Each of the plurality of lenslets has a distinct conjugate length and is associated with a distinct portion of the image sensor.

Abstract: A method for operating an autofocus system for focusing an image on an electronic imager includes providing an adjustable lens system defining an optical path for scene light and having at least one movable lens to focus an image of the scene onto the electronic imager; and causing a first portion of the scene light to be obscured so that the electronic imager captures a first autofocus image and causing a second different portion of the scene light to be obscured so that the electronic imager captures a second autofocus image wherein portions of the first and second autofocus images are offset. The method further includes moving the movable lens to a position so that an image to be captured will be in focus.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming process having the steps of exposing by an exposure device a photothermographic dry imaging material with a support having thereon an image forming layer containing photosensitive silver halide, a reducing agent for silver ions, a binder and a light-insensitive organic silver salt, and developing the photothermographic dry imaging material by a developing device, while the photothermographic dry imaging material is transported, wherein a surface having the image forming layer is brought into contact with sticky rollers during or before each of exposing and developing so as to make an amount of peel-off static electrification between the photothermographic dry imaging material and the sticky roller to be from ?5 to +5 kV.

Abstract: An anti-shake apparatus of a photographing apparatus comprises a movable unit, and a control apparatus. The movable unit has an imaging device, and can be moved in first and second directions. The control apparatus moves the movable unit to first, second, third, and fourth positions, and performs first, second, third, and fourth imaging operations, and a combination operation for obtaining an anti-shake image signal in which lag from hand-shake is corrected. In the first imaging operation, a first imaging position of a first photography frame in which lag corresponding to a first hand-shake quantity is corrected, is calculated, and a first image signal which is imaged at an overlapping area between an imaging field of the imaging device at the first position and the first photography frame, is obtained. In the combination operation, the anti-shake image signal is obtained by combining the first, second, third, and fourth image signals.

Abstract: A camera, in which it is possible to adjust the position of two mirrors easily for striking a balance between the focus detection performances in an optical viewfinder state and an electronic image display state. The optical apparatus includes a first mirror movable between a first position for an optical viewfinder and a second position for focus detection, a second mirror movable between a third position for focus detection and a fourth position where a light flux is not led to the second mirror, a first positioning member for positioning the first mirror at the second position, and a second positioning member for positioning the second mirror at the third position. The second positioning member is a member independent of the first positioning member.

Abstract: Disclosed is a focus detecting apparatus which is capable of enlarging a focus detection region and of enhancing focus detection precision. The focus detecting apparatus includes a secondary image forming optical system for forming a plurality of light, quantity distributions related to an object image from light beams passed through different pupil regions of an objective lens, and a photoelectric transducer having a plurality of pixel lines each having a plurality of pixels aligned in a predetermined direction, each of the plurality of light quantity distributions being formed on a corresponding pixel lines of the plurality of pixel lines.

Abstract: An image sensor includes imaging pixels that convert an image formed via an optical system to image signals and a first focus detection pixel group and a second focus detection pixel group respectively made up with an array of first focus detection pixels and an array of second focus detection pixels, with the first focus detection pixels and the second focus detection pixels used to receive an image light flux via the optical system to detect a focus adjustment state at the optical system through a pupil division-type method. An image detection pitch of the first focus detection pixel group and an image detection pitch of the second focus detection pixel group are different from each other.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an image sensor and an estimating circuit. The image sensor includes a plurality of pixel units disposed in a two-dimensional array, each equipped with a plurality of imaging pixels with varying spectral sensitivity characteristics set regularly, and focus detection pixels with sensitivity over a range encompassing the spectral sensitivity of the pixel units. The estimating circuit determines an image output structure corresponding to the position of each focus detection pixel based upon outputs from the imaging pixels present around the focus detection pixel and estimates the image output at the focus detection pixel based upon the image output structure and the output from the focus detection pixel.

Abstract: A lens apparatus configured to be mountable on a camera body having an image sensor includes a first focus lens unit, a splitting optical unit disposed between the first focus lens unit and the image sensor, a second focus lens unit disposed between the splitting optical unit and the image sensor, the second focus lens unit being movable from an initial position along an optical axis to vary a focusing state, a focusing state detection unit configured to detect the focusing state using a light flux from the splitting optical unit, an actuator configured to drive the first focus lens unit, and a controller configured to control driving of the actuator according to an output from the focusing state detection unit. The controller stops driving of the actuator if the second focus lens unit is located at a position different from the initial position.

Abstract: An autofocus adapter is provided and includes an imaging adapter optical system placed on an optical axis of an imaging lens when the autofocus adapter is attached, and a focus state detection adapter optical system placed on an optical axis different from the optical axis of the imaging lens when the autofocus adapter is attached. The imaging adapter optical system has a light split prism for splitting subject light passing through the imaging lens into imaging subject light and the focus state detection subject light, a first lens group having a negative power as a whole and placed on the object side with respect to the light split prism, and a second lens group having a positive power as a whole and placed on the image side with respect to the light split prism. The focus state detection adapter optical system has a positive lens group having the same lens configuration as the second lens group in the imaging adapter optical system.

Abstract: An optical apparatus has an imaging optical system provided with a deformable mirror and an electronic zoom function that an image recorded in an image sensor by the imaging optical system is magnified by image processing. A ray deflecting function of the deformable mirror is changed in accordance with a change of an object area corresponding to an image to be used, and aberration of the imaging optical system is optimized. The deformable mirror is controlled by an arithmetical unit connected to an image processor and a driving circuit. The electronic zoom is performed with respect to the image recorded in the image sensor through a signal processing circuit and the image processor, and when the image is displayed on a display device, the deformable mirror is deformed so that sharpness at nearly the center of an object image formed on the image sensor is improved.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: image capturing pixels and focus detection pixels disposed together on a single substrate; and adjacent pixels that are not equipped with a photoelectric conversion unit and are disposed adjacent to the focus detection pixels.

Abstract: A digital still camera includes an aperture stop opening, a taking lens system, and a CCD pickup element. In a manual focus device, an iris shifting mechanism sets the aperture stop opening in an aperture stop unit with reference to a first light amount gravity center by shifting the aperture stop opening to the right relative to a lens optical axis, and sets the aperture stop opening with reference to a second light amount gravity center by shifting the aperture stop opening to the left. First and second sample pickup data are obtained by the CCD pickup element in the setting of the aperture stop opening at the two light amount gravity centers. A display panel displays first and second sample images according to the sample pickup data, to indicate a present deviation of the taking lens system from an in-focus position in simulation.

Abstract: An improved method and module for auto focusing utilizes a variable thickness focus element. A different thickness, and thus a different focus, is optically coupled to an image sensor by rotating the focus element. Movement along the optic axis is not required. This minimizes the amount of space required to provide the auto focusing function, allowing a mobile device utilizing the module to be smaller while still providing the auto focusing feature. In addition, the mechanism for rotating the focus element is smaller and/or less complex than a mechanism for moving a lens assembly along the optic axis, further allowing the device to be smaller. The focus element has less inertia than conventional lens assemblies and so required less power to move and allows for fast focusing.

Abstract: A ranging sensor includes: a light emitting element; a projection lens for projecting light emitted from the light emitting element to an object; a condenser lens for condensing light reflected from the object; and a light receiving element, provided at the light condensing position of the condenser lens, for transmitting an output signal which varies according to the position of the object by receiving the reflected light at the light receiving surface thereof, wherein the condenser lens is held by a holding member so that the condenser lens is movable in a predetermined direction. Consequently, it becomes possible to easily adjust the output.

Abstract: A digital still camera includes an aperture stop opening, a taking lens system, and a CCD pickup element. In a manual focus device, an iris shifting mechanism sets the aperture stop opening in an aperture stop unit with reference to a first light amount gravity center by shifting the aperture stop opening to the right relative to a lens optical axis, and sets the aperture stop opening with reference to a second light amount gravity center by shifting the aperture stop opening to the left. First and second sample pickup data are obtained by the CCD pickup element in the setting of the aperture stop opening at the two light amount gravity centers. A display panel displays first and second sample images according to the sample pickup data, to indicate a present deviation of the taking lens system from an in-focus position in simulation.

Abstract: A camera is disclosed which is provided with a sensor device that includes: a substrate having formed thereon which first and second line sensors that are arranged a fixed baseline length apart from each other and a third sensor for receiving light from a field which is arranged on a line in arrangement direction of the first and second line sensors, a first light receiving optical unit for condensing light from the field onto the first line sensor, a second light receiving optical unit for condensing light from the field onto the second line sensor, a third light receiving optical unit for condensing light from the field onto the third sensor, wherein, when focal lengths of the first, second, and third light receiving optical units are assumed to be f1, f2, and f3, respectively, the following condition is satisfied: f1=f2?f3.

Abstract: Autofocus methods and digital cameras employing a holographic element or hologram. The holographic element generates one or more displaced images that are processed to generate a bipolar contrast signal that provides for improved autofocus performance of the digital camera.

Abstract: A camera comprises a spatial modulation optical filter that is disposed in a viewfinder optical system for subject observation at or near a position optically equivalent to an estimated image forming plane of a photographic optical system and modulates a subject light flux entering via the photographic optical system with transmission characteristics to obtain a light flux having a predetermined spatial frequency; a photoelectric conversion device that outputs a signal corresponding to detected light; an optical element that guides the subject light flux having been modulated at the spatial modulation optical filter to the photoelectric conversion device; and a focal adjustment state calculation means that calculates a focal adjustment state of the photographic optical system based upon the signal output from the photoelectric conversion device having received the modulated subject light flux.

Abstract: First to third liquid crystal filters are arranged at first to third different distances from a predeterminate image formation surface. Light flux passing through the liquid crystal filters is received by a photodiode and converted into an electric signal. A variable-density stripe pattern of a predetermined space frequency is formed on the first liquid crystal filter while the second and the third liquid crystal filter are in the state of entire transparency and a first signal is output from the photodiode. Similarly, a variable-density stripe pattern is formed on the second liquid crystal filter while the first and the third liquid crystal filter are in the state of entire transparency and a second signal is output. Similarly, a variable-density stripe pattern is formed on the third liquid crystal filter while the first and the second liquid crystal filter are in the state of entire transparency and a third signal is output.

Abstract: A focus detecting device comprises a first photoelectric conversion section for performing photoelectric conversion of a light beam emitted from a first pupil area of a image pickup optical unit, a second photoelectric conversion section for performing photoelectric conversion of a light beam emitted from a second pupil area different from the first pupil area, a light intercepting section having openings for allowing passage of a portion of light in the first pupil area and for allowing passage of a portion of light in the second pupil area, and a detecting section for detecting a focus condition of the image pickup optical unit on the basis of photoelectric conversion outputs of the first photoelectric conversion means and the second photoelectric conversion sections. For example, when the image pickup optical unit has a large defocus quantity, the light intercepting section is set in an optical path for focus detection.

Abstract: A distance measuring sensor includes a case subassembly having inside a light emitting element and a light receiving element, and a lens case subassembly having a projection lens projecting a light output from the light emitting element and a condenser lens condensing the light reflected from the object, and attached to a front side of the case subassembly. The condenser lens is movably attached to the lens case subassembly, and after an output is adjusted, this condenser lens is fixed thereto. Thus, the distance measuring sensor enabling easier adjustment of an output can be provided.

Abstract: A beam splitter (24)for splitting light in a wavelength range of about 500 nm to about 600 nm is arranged in a relay optical system of a taking lens (12). A green light beam reflected from the beam splitter (24) is directed through a relay lens (R3) to a focusing state determination imaging unit (26). The imaging unit (26) comprises three imaging elements (A, B, C) for capturing the directed green light beam to determine the focusing state. Thus, a device for determining the focusing state of the taking lens is provided, in which the green light beam is separated as an object light for determining the focusing state from the object light entering the taking lens (12), so that the focusing state can be determined with high accuracy on the basis of the high-frequency components of the image signal generated by capturing the green light beam by means of the imaging elements (A, B, C) having different optical path lengths.

Abstract: Provided is a distance measurement and photometry apparatus used in a camera or the like, which sets a distance between distance measurement sensors and distance measurement light receiving lenses and a distance between a plurality of photometry sensors and photometry light receiving lenses such that a position of a region within the observation field in which information is obtained by the distance measurement sensors is equal to a position of a region within the observation field in which information is obtained by the photometry sensors irrespective of a distance to the measurement object. With this construction, it can be prevented that a distance measurement region in which the measurement object is captured and a photometry region provided corresponding to the distance measurement region are shifted with respect to each other even when the set measurement object is located at any distance.

Abstract: An optical element disposed behind a main mirror and inclined relative to the optical axis is arranged at a position to correct aberration in the luminous flux generated by transmission through the main mirror.

Abstract: An optical distance sensor is provided with a substrate on which a light emitting element and a light detecting element are disposed, and a single optical structure including a first converging mechanism for converging a light beam emitted from the light emitting element, a second converging mechanism for converging a light beam reflected by an object at a distance to be measured, and a reflecting mechanism for deflecting the light beam reflected by the object twice.

Abstract: A focal point detection apparatus that includes a sub-mirror constituted of a concave mirror and performs focal point detection in the phase difference detection method is capable of implementing a focal point detection over a wide range. A light flux for focal point detection having passed through a semi-transmissive reflecting member and a reflecting member constituted of the concave mirror described above enters a focal point detection optical system. A correction optical system provided between the semi-transmissive reflecting member and the reflecting member constituted of the concave mirror corrects an offset of the direction along which the light flux for focal point detection advances caused by the reflecting member constituted of the concave mirror, in conformance to the image height at the focal point detection position. By utilizing this correction optical system, it becomes possible to reduce the size of the focal point detection apparatus while assuring a large focal point detection area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a focus detecting device consisting mainly of a light receiving sensor, a reflecting mirror, a first detection circuit, and a focus detection circuit. The light receiving sensor has a plurality of photoelectric converters. The reflecting mirror is movable between a first position at which the reflecting mirror reflects light that comes from an objective, and routes the light to the light receiving sensor, and a second position at which the reflecting mirror recedes from the path of the light coming from the objective. The reflecting mirror has a member that helps form light distributions in a predetermined field on the light receiving sensor. Moreover, the reflecting mirror makes a return from the first position to the second position or vice versa. The first detection circuit detects a change in the light distributions formed in the predetermined field on the light receiving sensor which is observed between before and after the reflecting mirror makes a return.

Abstract: Provided is a distance measurement and photometry apparatus used in a camera or the like, which sets a distance between distance measurement sensors and distance measurement light receiving lenses and a distance between a plurality of photometry sensors and photometry light receiving lenses such that a position of a region within the observation field in which information is obtained by the distance measurement sensors is equal to a position of a region within the observation field in which information is obtained by the photometry sensors irrespective of a distance to the measurement object. With this construction, it can be prevented that a distance measurement region in which the measurement object is captured and a photometry region provided corresponding to the distance measurement region are shifted with respect to each other even when the set measurement object is located at any distance.

Abstract: A passive autofocus sensor for a camera comprising charge-coupled device (“CCD”) elements arranged in a plurality of curved segments to form generally circular or semi-circular sensor spots. Such an autofocus sensor enables the camera to detect contrast in the subject being photographed in a multitude of directions about the axis of the camera's focusing lens, hence improving the camera's ability to automatically focus upon the subject being photographed.

Abstract: In a focus detecting device of the type in which light fluxes passing through two areas obtained by dividing a pupil of an image forming lens are received by a sensor to detect a phase difference, pixels of the sensor are disposed in such a manner that the sensor has the light-receiving sensitivity in different directions with respect to the luminance distribution, and the phase-difference detection and the contrast detection are performed according to the direction of the light-receiving sensitivity so as to perform appropriate focus detection.

Abstract: A camera is disclosed which is provided with a sensor device that includes: a substrate having formed thereon which first and second line sensors that are arranged a fixed baseline length apart from each other and a third sensor for receiving light from a field which is arranged on a line in arrangement direction of the first and second line sensors, a first light receiving optical unit for condensing light from the field onto the first line sensor, a second light receiving optical unit for condensing light from the field onto the second line sensor, a third light receiving optical unit for condensing light from the field onto the third sensor, wherein, when focal lengths of the first, second, and third light receiving optical units are assumed to be f1, f2, and f3, respectively, the following condition is satisfied: f1=f2≧f3.

Abstract: A focus detection apparatus includes a pupil dividing device for dividing an exit pupil of an objective lens into separate areas, a field mask located at a position substantially optically equivalent to an image forming position of the objective lens, a condenser lens located in the vicinity of the field mask to make the exit pupil conjugate with the pupil dividing device, a light quantity distribution forming device for receiving light transmitted through the separate areas and forming light quantity distribution portions wherein the relative position of the light quantity distribution portions varies in accordance with a focus state of the objective lens, and a focus detection apparatus having at least one group of photoelectric transducers which receive the light quantity distributed by the pupil dividing device. The condenser lens is moved in accordance with the position of the exit pupil of the objective lens.

Abstract: A multi-layer imaging medium has a layer that absorbs radiation at a wavelength used by an optical auto-focus system. Spurious reflections are suppressed. The layer transmits radiation at a wavelength used to image the medium. The layer may function as a support layer for the medium. Thermal imaging media may be made according to the invention.

Abstract: A spatial modulator, a luminous flux deflector, a focus detection apparatus and a imaging device, which are capable of changing the focal position. The focus detection device includes: a focus sensor; liquid crystal cells that are arranged between a lens and the focus sensor and deflect luminous flux guided from the lens to the focus sensor while enabling a deflection characteristic of the luminous flux guided from the lens to the focus sensor to be changed; and a microcomputer for controlling the liquid crystal cells according to the size, position and so on upon an exit pupil of the lens and changing the deflection characteristic of the luminous flux guided from the lens to the focus sensor.

Abstract: A passive autofocus sensor for a camera comprising charge-coupled device (“CCD”) elements arranged in a plurality of curved segments to form generally circular or semi-circular sensor spots. Such an autofocus sensor enables the camera to detect contrast in the subject being photographed in a multitude of directions about the axis of the camera's focusing lens, hence improving the camera's ability to automatically focus upon the subject being photographed.

Abstract: A high-performance image-forming optical system made compact and thin by folding an optical path using reflecting surfaces arranged to minimize the number of reflections. The image-forming optical system has a single prism. When image-side three surfaces of the prism are defined as a surface A, a surface B and a surface C in order from the image plane side thereof, at least one of the surfaces B and C has a rotationally asymmetric curved surface configuration that gives a power to a light beam and corrects aberrations due to decentration. The optical system leads light rays from an object to the image plane without forming an image in the prism and has a pupil in the prism. The surface A is a transmitting surface through which rays exit from the prism. The surfaces B and C are internally reflecting surfaces. Rays incident on the surface C and rays reflected from the surface B intersect each other in the prism.

Abstract: At power-on, a digital camera starts to operate with a display unit off (state S1). At a subsequent half shutter press of a shutter button, a quick return mirror is flipped down and phase difference AF is performed with live view display off (state S3). At a subsequent full press of the shutter button, the digital camera enters an image capture operation. With a quick return mirror in the up position, a focusing lens is moved to its in-focus, front focus and rear focus positions, at each of which contrast in an AF area of predetermined partial portion of an image is obtained for comparison to select a position of the focusing lens with maximum contrast (state S4). Then, image data is obtained and recorded on a memory card (state S5). With the above processing, the digital camera can perform autofocusing, as circumstances demand, by a contrast AF method.

Abstract: A distance-measuring apparatus for a camera comprises an area sensor, an integration circuit, and a switching circuit. The above-mentioned area sensor receives light of a picture image in the image plane. The integration circuit integrates output signals of this area sensor. The control circuit controls operations of starting and stopping the integration of the above-mentioned integration circuit, based on output signals corresponding to a specific block of the above-mentioned area sensor. The switching circuit switches the above-mentioned specific block according to using state of the camera.

Abstract: A multipoint focus detecting apparatus of a camera includes a plurality of exit-pupil dividing devices, pairs of light distribution forming devices, a plurality of array type photoelectric conversion sensors, a focus detection zone determining device, and at least one condenser lens positioned between the focus detection zone determining device and the plurality of exit-pupil dividing devices. An exit surface of the condenser lens(es) is formed as a curved surface in both a direction of an optical axis of the photographing lens and a first direction, and is further formed as an aspherical surface in cross section in both the direction of the optical axis of the photographing lens and the second direction, so that the exit pupil and the plurality of exit-pupil dividing devices become optically conjugate to each other in the first direction.

Abstract: A focal point detection apparatus that includes a sub-mirror constituted of a concave mirror and performs focal point detection in the phase difference detection method is capable of implementing a focal point detection over a wide range. A light flux for focal point detection having passed through a semi-transmissive reflecting member and a reflecting member constituted of the concave mirror described above enters a focal point detection optical system. A correction optical system provided between the semi-transmissive reflecting member and the reflecting member constituted of the concave mirror corrects an offset of the direction along which the light flux for focal point detection advances caused by the reflecting member constituted of the concave mirror, in conformance to the image height at the focal point detection position. By utilizing this correction optical system, it becomes possible to reduce the size of the focal point detection apparatus while assuring a large focal point detection area.

Abstract: In a focus detecting device of the type in which light fluxes passing through two areas obtained by dividing a pupil of an image forming lens are received by a sensor to detect a phase difference, pixels of the sensor are disposed in such a manner that the sensor has the light-receiving sensitivity in different directions with respect to the luminance distribution, and the phase-difference detection and the contrast detection are performed according to the direction of the light-receiving sensitivity so as to perform appropriate focus detection.

Abstract: A focus detecting optical system includes a reduction lens having a positive refractive power that is located between an objective lens and an image taking plane on which a primary image of a subject is formed by the objective lens, a separation plane mirror for separating a light passed through the reduction lens from an optical path toward the image taking plane, a pair of separator lenses for re-forming an image formed through the reduction lens and the separation plane mirror into a pair of secondary images, and a pair of image sensors for capturing the secondary images. The optical axis of the reduction lens is coaxial with the optical axis of the objective lens.

Abstract: A distance detector has an optical system for forming a subject image, a distance measurement sensor, and a distance calculating circuit for calculating a distance to a subject based on an output from the distance measurement sensor. The distance measurement sensor has a plurality of line sensors disposed substantially on an imaging plane of the optical system. Each of the plurality of line sensors has a light sensing array composed of a plurality of pixels for sensing the subject image and a processor array for processing outputs of the light sensing array. The plurality of line sensors are arranged so as to be axisymmetrical with respect to a virtual line, with the light sensing arrays arranged closer to the virtual line than the processor arrays.

Abstract: A single lens reflex camera provided with a focus detection unit 58 arranged so as to have a photoreceptive surface disposed adjacent to an aperture 53a provided in the bottom wall 53 of a mirror box, and further provided with a cover 60 for effectively closing the aperture 53a during exposure.

Abstract: In addition to a focus detecting sensor for phase difference detection, a camera is provided with a light source or a generator for emitting light or ultrasonic waves, and a light receiver or a receiver for receiving the light or the ultrasonic waves reflected from the object. The distance to the object is detected from the intensity of the reflected light or ultrasonic waves and the focusing lens is set at a position close to the in-focus position. Then, the driving range of the focusing lens is limited in accordance with the detected distance, and from the set focusing lens position, focusing by the phase difference detection method is performed within the limited driving range.

Abstract: There is provided a distance measuring apparatus in a lens-shutter type camera provided with a photographic lens, a focal length of the photographic lens being variable.