Abstract: [Problem] To reduce a filter penalty caused by narrowing of an optical signal band due to optical filters having a multiplexing/demultiplexing function in an optical transmission line between transponder units. [Solution] In an optical transmission system 10A, transponder units 21a to 21n and 22a to 22n connected by optical fibers 14 in which optical filters having a multiplexing/demultiplexing function of an optical signal are interposed include a transmission unit 22 that transmits the optical signal obtained by modulating laser light from a laser light source 34 with an electric signal from a communication apparatus to the optical fibers 14, and a reception unit 23 that receives the optical signal from the optical fibers 14 and converts the received optical signal into an electric signal. The reception unit 23 includes a BER measurement unit that measures a BER, based on a received signal, and feeds the measured BER back to a transmitting side.

Abstract: An indexing terminal arrangement includes a terminal housing that receives an input cable; an optical power splitter disposed within the interior of the terminal housing; a first multi-fiber optical adapter coupled to the terminal housing; a first single-fiber optical adapter coupled to the terminal housing; and a pass-through multi-fiber optical adapter coupled to the terminal housing. Split optical signals are provided to the first multi-fiber optical adapter and the first single-fiber optical adapter. Unsplit and indexed optical signals are provided to the pass-through optical adapter.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes a plurality of transmission lines through which a mode-multiplexed signal obtained by multiplexing a plurality of optical signals of different types of modes is transmitted, and one or more mode group permutation units provided between the plurality of transmission lines. The mode group permutation unit changes, on a mode-group-by-mode-group basis, an optical signal of a mode belonging to a mode group to an optical signal of another mode belonging to a mode group after permutation corresponding to the mode group in such a manner that modes are interchanged between at least some of the plurality of optical signals multiplexed into the mode-multiplexed signal input from one of the plurality of transmission lines on an input side, and outputs the mode-multiplexed signal after mode interchange to one of the plurality of transmission lines on an output side.

Abstract: A network node for a Data Communication Network (DCN) and a network device for providing traffic to the DCN are provided. The network node is configured to receive a plurality of packets carrying DCN messages; determine, from the received packets, a first set of packets addressed to other network nodes of the DCN. The network node is then configured to forward the first set of packets over a Time-Division-Multiplexing (TDM) connection, in particular over an Optical Data Unit-k (ODUk) connection, to a determined network node of the DCN. According to the application, a high bandwidth efficiency is maintained, and the number of interfaces to be managed on a controller is reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for zero-added latency communication between nodes over an optical fabric. In various embodiments, a photonic interface system is provided that comprises a plurality of optical routing elements and optical signal sources. Each node within a cluster is assigned an intra-cluster wavelength and an inter-cluster wavelength. All the nodes in a cluster are directly connected and each node in a cluster is directly connected to one node in each of the plurality of clusters. When an optical signal from a different cluster is received at a node serving as the cluster interface, the photonics interface system allows all wavelength signals other than the node's assigned wavelength to pass through and couple those signals to an intra-cluster transmission signal. Zero latency is added in rerouting the data through an intermediate node.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an interface having an electromagnetic transmitter and operable to receive tactile user input for control of a system of the vehicle. The vehicle includes a controller configured to modulate output having ultraviolet or infrared spectrum wavelength of the electromagnetic transmitter at a receiver capture rate to encode data into the output describing the control interface. The modulated output is responsive to a request.

Abstract: A universal multi-core fiber (UMCF) interconnect includes multiple optical fiber cores and a shared cladding. Each of the optical fiber cores is configured to convey first optical communication signals having a first carrier wavelength using multi-mode propagation, and to convey second optical communication signals having a second carrier wavelength using single-mode propagation. The shared cladding encloses the multiple optical fiber cores.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein provides a network switch. The network switch can include a co-packaged optics (CPO) assembly comprising a switch integrated circuit (IC) module and a number of optical modules coupled to the switch IC module, a remote laser source external to the CPO assembly configured to provide continuous wave (CW) light to the optical modules, a number of wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer arrays external to the CPO assembly, and a plurality of connector arrays comprising a first number of far reach (FR) connector arrays and a second number of datacenter reach (DR) connector arrays.

Abstract: A terminal arrangement includes an indexing terminal including a housing that includes first and second multi-fiber de-mateable connection locations. Indexed optical fibers extend between the first and second multi-fiber de-mateable connection locations. Drop fibers extend between an optical splitter module within the indexing terminal and each of the first and second multi-fiber de-mateable connection locations. An optical line extends from the optical splitter module to the housing exterior and to an optical splitter within a separate splitter terminal.

Abstract: A dark fiber design tool for hardware, circuits, and paths is provided. A method can include generating, by a system comprising a processor, a data record that identifies respective equipment of a group of dark fiber equipment that have been assigned for a development of new dark fiber network infrastructure usable via a communication network; generating, by the system, a circuit plan representing optical connections between the respective ones of the group of dark fiber equipment as determined based on a first constraint defined by rules; and associating, by the system, respective optical wavelength paths with respective connections of the optical connections of the circuit plan based on a second constraint defined by the rules.

Abstract: A computer network device that includes a plurality of computer network ports for connecting to a plurality of computer network nodes is disclosed. The computer network device includes switching circuitry that communicates each of a plurality of messages received by more than one of the plurality of computer network ports to at least one other computer network port for transmission. The computer network device also includes a management processor that includes a plurality of management processor communication ports that include at least one externally accessible communication port and at least one externally inaccessible communication port. The at least one externally inaccessible communication port is in communication with the switching circuitry, and the management processor sends switching circuitry configuration instructions via the at least one externally inaccessible communication port to configure the switching circuitry.

Abstract: A host fabric interface (HFI) apparatus, including: an HFI to communicatively couple to a fabric; and a remote hardware acceleration (RHA) engine to: query an orchestrator via the fabric to identify a remote resource having an accelerator; and send a remote accelerator request to the remote resource via the fabric.

Abstract: A service data transmission method includes determining, by a first device, a switching request, and sending, by the first device, the switching request to a second device, where the first device is connected to the second device using a flexible Ethernet (FlexE) group including at least one FlexE connection instance (FlexE Instance). The switching request includes first slot configuration information and second slot configuration information, the switching request is used to request to switch a slot configuration of a FlexE Instance from a configuration indicated by the first slot configuration information to a configuration indicated by the second slot configuration information, and a slot division quantity indicated by the first slot configuration information is different from a slot division quantity indicated by the second slot configuration information.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for adjusting traffic for a network, a computing device, and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining local network state information collected by any border router node in the network; and inputting the local network state information collected by the any border router node into a corresponding first preset trained sub-model, to output a proportion of traffic dispatched on each candidate path from a source border router node to a destination border router node, in which the source border router node is the any border router node, and the destination border router node is an egress border router node in the network.

Abstract: A branching unit branches a first wavelength-multiplexed optical signal input through a first transmission line, the first wavelength-multiplexed optical signal including first and second optical signals. A wavelength selection unit receives the branched first wavelength-multiplexed optical signal branched by the branching unit, receives a second wavelength-multiplexed optical signal including a third optical signal in the same band as that of the first optical signal and a fourth optical signal in the same band as that of the second optical signal through a second transmission line, outputs a third wavelength-multiplexed optical signal including the first and fourth optical signals optical to a third transmission line and output the third optical signal.

Abstract: We describe a space-division multiplexed (SDM) fibre, reconfigurable, wavelength-selective switch (WSS).

Abstract: The present invention includes novel techniques, apparatus, and systems for optical WDM communications. Tunable lasers are employed to generate respective subcarrier frequencies which represent subchannels of an ITU channel to which client signals can be mapped. In one embodiment, subchannels are polarization interleaved to reduce crosstalk. In another embodiment, polarization multiplexing is used to increase the spectral density. Client circuits can be divided and combined with one another before being mapped, independent of one another, to individual subchannels within and across ITU channels. A crosspoint switch can be used to control the client to subchannel mapping, thereby enabling subchannel protection switching and hitless wavelength switching.

Abstract: A resource management system may use information regarding the bandwidth status of a downstream communication path to determine what portion of queued content should be sent in the current available bandwidth timeslot. In some embodiments, multiple versions of the same requested content may be available, and the system may select a lower-quality version to send if needed to meet a time deadline included in the original content request.

Abstract: A dark fiber design tool for hardware, circuits, and paths is provided. A method can include generating, by a device comprising a processor, a data record comprising properties of a group of hardware elements associated with a wireless communication network; establishing, by the device, a set of rules that define permissible interactions between respective hardware elements of the group of hardware elements based on the data record; building, by the device, a circuit plan associated with the wireless communication network, the circuit plan comprising optical connections between the respective hardware elements of the group of hardware elements as determined based on the data record and the set of rules; and associating, by the device, respective optical wavelength paths with respective ones of the optical connections of the circuit plan further based on the set of rules.

Abstract: Disclosed is a line card frame. The line card frame internally comprises a line card unit, a switching unit, and an optical fiber interface unit. The switching unit internally comprises a switching chip module and an onboard optical component module, the onboard optical component module being used for realizing mutual conversion of an optical signal and an electrical signal; an electrical signal interface of the onboard optical component module is connected to the switching chip module having an exchange routing function, and the switching chip module is connected to the line card unit by means of an electric connector; an optical signal interface of the onboard optical component module is connected to the optical fiber interface unit by means of an optical connector; and the optical fiber interface unit connects the optical signal to a cluster interface on a router panel by means of an optical fiber, and the cluster interface is used for realizing the cascading between different frames of a router.

Abstract: A computing grid including an interconnect network including input ports and output ports; a plurality of egress ports; a plurality of configurable data routing junctions; a plurality of logical elements interconnected using the plurality of configurable data routing junctions; a plurality of ingress ports. In an embodiment at least one compute graph is projected onto the computing grid as a configuration of various elements of the computing grid.

Abstract: A method for extracting POH data blocks and a MOS control block from a data stream in a 64B/66B-block communication link including receiving a data stream, finding a first combination of a MOS control block and K POH data blocks including CRC data in the data stream, extracting the MOS control block and the K POH data blocks from the data stream, searching in a window for a subsequent combination of a MOS control block and K POH data blocks and removing them if at least one of them are found, if neither the subsequent MOS control block nor the K POH data blocks are found within the predetermined window, extracting from the data stream K+1 64B/66B-blocks in the predetermined window.

Abstract: A multi-operator radio node for a communications system that supports sharing a common antenna array while supporting individual spectrum of multiple service providers. The multi-operator radio node includes signal processing circuits for each supported service provider. Each signal processing circuit is configured to receive communications signals for a supported service provider to be distributed through a common antenna array to wireless client devices. Each signal processing circuit includes a modem that processes the received communications signals for spectrum of its service provider to provide signal streams to be distributed to co-located antenna elements in the antenna array. Summation circuits are provided at the front end of each RF chain circuit to combine signal streams of the spectrum of the service providers directed to the same antenna element in the antenna array to form signal beams in individual spectrum layers of the service providers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention describe flexible (i.e., elastic) data center architectures capable of meeting exascale, while maintaining low latency and using reasonable sizes of electronic packet switches, through the use of optical circuit switches such as optical time, wavelength, waveband and space circuit switching technologies. This flexible architecture enables the reconfigurability of the interconnectivity of servers and storage devices within a data center to respond to the number, size, type and duration of the various applications being requested at any given point in time.

Abstract: The disclosure provides Internet of Things (IoT) systems organized as tree hierarchies in which rule processing can occur at each level of the tree hierarchies. In the IoT system according to one embodiment, formulas are defined and centrally managed at a cloud hub that is a root of a tree hierarchy. Each formula defined at the cloud hub is further percolated down to a hub, which may be the cloud hub itself or a local hub, in the tree hierarchy that is logically closest to devices specified in the formula. Each of the cloud and local hubs in the IoT system may utilize the same core IoT platform image, providing ease of management. In addition, formulas may be defined with basic stimuli and responses, as well as with higher-order stimuli and responses that combine one or more other stimuli and responses, respectively.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a signal processing device and a method thereof that inhibits deterioration in reception sensitivity. In a case where a frequency band is vacant on the basis of a result of carrier sense, a data frame is transmitted as a wireless signal in the frequency band, and further, a synchronous frame formed of predetermined information different from that of the data frame is transmitted as a wireless signal in the frequency band in a case where the data frame is transmitted predetermined number of times within first time. In a case where the synchronous frame is detected, the data frame is detected from a reception signal of predetermined time before the synchronous frame.

Abstract: A service transmission method and a transmission device are disclosed. The method includes: mapping n client signals with a rate of t to ms/t load subareas of m lanes of flexible optical transport network (FlexO) frames, where a payload area of each of the m lanes of FlexO frames is divided into s/t load subareas, and each lane is transmitted using a FlexO lane with a transmission rate of s; configuring a FlexO type, timeslot overhead, and signal mapping information for each lane; and transmitting the m lanes of FlexO frames to a second transmission device by using m FlexO lanes with the transmission rate of s. The second transmission device is configured to parse, according to the FlexO type, the timeslot overhead, and the signal mapping information, the client signals carried in the ms/t load subareas.

Abstract: A resource management system may use information regarding the bandwidth status of a downstream communication path to determine what portion of queued content should be sent in the current available bandwidth timeslot. In some embodiments, multiple versions of the same requested content may be available, and the system may select a lower-quality version to send if needed to meet a time deadline included in the original content request.

Abstract: A scalable AWGR-based optical packet switch, called TASA (short for TDM ASA), is presented in this invention. The switch is a modified version of the ASA switch but does not have its drawbacks. The total port count is N2 and each port can transmit up to N packets of different wavelengths simultaneously. This makes the total capacity of the switch close to (N3×bandwidth of one wavelength channel). But a TASA switch differs from an ASA switch in two major ways. First, a TASA switch does not need an electronic scheduler. This removes a potential bottleneck in the design of an optical packet switch. Second, it can handle any kind of unbalanced loads and can tolerate faults. These qualities, however, are missing in an ASA switch.

Abstract: An optical network communication system utilizes a passive optical network including an optical hub having an optical line terminal, downstream transmitter, an upstream receiver, a processor, and a multiplexer. The upstream receiver includes a plurality of TWDMA upstream subreceivers. The system includes a power splitter for dividing a coherent optical signal from the optical hub into a plurality of downstream wavelength signals, a long fiber to carry the coherent optical signal between the optical hub and the power splitter, and a plurality of serving groups. Each serving group includes a plurality of optical network units configured to (i) receive at least one downstream wavelength signal, and (ii) transmit at least one upstream wavelength signal. The system includes a plurality of short fibers to carry the downstream and upstream wavelength signals between the power splitter and the optical network units, respectively. Each upstream subreceiver receives a respective upstream wavelength signal.

Abstract: A method of managing an optical service in a node utilizing a flexible grid for optical spectrum includes utilizing a Media Channel (MC) model to manage a portion of optical spectrum on an optical line, the MC model includes first frequency information which define the portion of optical spectrum; utilizing a Network Media Channel (NMC) model to manage the optical service and to model a path of the optical service in the MC model, the NMC model has frequency information and port connection information for the optical service; and programming hardware in the node based on the MC model and the NMC model to implement the optical service.

Abstract: Systems, methods, software and apparatus enable linking of a wearable end user communication device (EUD) to an intermediate communication device (ICD) utilizing optical symbol sequence matching. Optical symbol reference data corresponding to an optical symbol sequence displayed on the EUD is obtained from the EUD by the ICD. Optical symbol input data is also acquired by the ICD (e.g., via user inputs, EUD device proximity data, image acquisition). The devices are linked if the optical symbol reference data and optical symbol input data match. The optical symbol reference data can be displayed, allowing user confirmation of a match with the optical symbol sequence displayed on the EUD. An ICD user interface touchscreen can present users with selectable color inputs to replicate the optical symbol sequence displayed on the EUD, for example using an LED array. Communications between the devices before and after linking can utilize Bluetooth low energy.

Abstract: In order to achieve a highly reliable reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexing (ROADM) device, this optical multiplexing and demultiplexing device is provided with: a first wavelength selection switch which multiplexes, by wavelength, and outputs optical signals contained in a first wavelength multiplexed optical signal; a second wavelength selection switch which multiplexes, by wavelength, and outputs optical signals contained in a second wavelength multiplexed optical signal; an optical switch which, on the basis of the states of the first wavelength selection switch and the second wavelength selection switch, outputs the first wavelength multiplexed optical signal and the second wavelength multiplexed optical signal to the first wavelength selection switch or the second wavelength selection switch; and a first coupler which couples together the output from the first wavelength selection switch and the output from the second wavelength selection switch.

Abstract: Methods and systems for intra data center optical switching of optical signals use an intra data center optical switch to optically transmit N optical wavelengths as an optical signal transmitting a data stream generated by a data center system included within N data center systems. The data center system may selectively receive one of N?1 optical wavelengths as another optical signal corresponding to one of N?1 other data center systems excluding the data center system from the intra data center optical switch. In this manner, intra data center optical switching may be performed without utilizing Ethernet and optical switches, which may result in reduced power consumption for data center communication.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data over an optical communication system is performed by sequentially tuning a laser beam among a plurality of optical wavelengths. At least one data signal is modulated onto the plurality of optical wavelengths by sequentially switching the modulation of the data signal among the plurality of optical wavelengths such that at any given time the data signal is only modulated onto a single one of the optical wavelengths. The sequential switching is performed at a rate equal to or greater than a response time of one or more optical amplifiers used for amplifying the optical wavelengths.

Abstract: A process and apparatus to facilitate communication between callers and callees in a system comprising a plurality of nodes with which callers and callees are associated is disclosed. In response to initiation of a call by a calling subscriber, a caller identifier and a callee identifier are received. Call classification criteria associated with the caller identifier are used to classify the call as a public network call or a private network call. A routing message identifying an address, on the private network, associated with the callee is produced when the call is classified as a private network call and a routing message identifying a gateway to the public network is produced when the call is classified as a public network call.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to improve flexibility of optical signal transmission between integrated circuit devices, and more specifically data utilization circuits. More specifically, the integrated circuit devices may include a data utilization circuit communicatively coupled to a field programmable optical array (FPOA). In some embodiments, the FPOA may convert an electrical signal received from the data utilization to an optical signal, route the optical signal to an optical channel, and multiplex the optical signal with other optical signals routed to the optical channel. Additionally or alternatively, the FPOA may de-multiplex a multiplexed optical signal based on wavelength, route an optical signal included in the multiplexed optical signal to an electrical channel, convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and output the electrical signal to the data utilization circuit via an electrical channel.

Abstract: To provide an optical communication technology that brings flexibility to ROADM systems. An optical communication device according to the present invention drops and adds an optical signal from and to wavelength-division multiplexed optical signals that are transmitted on a main path between network terminal stations, the device including: first means and second means capable of selecting an optical signal of a predetermined wavelength from inputted optical signals and of outputting the selected optical signal; third means for splitting optical signals inputted from a first terminal station on the main path into the first means and the second means; fourth means for splitting optical signals inputted from a branch path in the network into the first means and the second means; and fifth means capable of selectively outputting to a second terminal station on the main path either an optical signal outputted by the first means or an optical signal outputted by the second means.

Abstract: Techniques and architectures may be used to generate data center network topologies that use less reliable and less expensive links mixed with links of higher reliability. Such topologies may be categorized into reliability classes, where each class corresponds to a bound(s) on reliability of paths that include the links. A topology class may be selected for use by an application based, at least in part, on the degree of reliability demanded by the application.

Abstract: In the wavelength selective switch provided in the present invention, at least one optical element is successively arranged in the wavelength selective switch according to a sequence of processing optical signals. The at least one optical element receives a service optical signal from a service laser, receives a monitoring optical signal from a monitoring laser, and performs same optical signal processing on the service optical signal and the monitoring optical signal according to a processing function of the at least one optical element, where a wavelength of the service optical signal and a wavelength of the monitoring optical signal are different. A service optical signal processed by the at least one optical element and a monitoring optical signal processed by at least one optical element are output, where the monitoring optical signal processed by the at least one optical element is used for monitoring performance of the wavelength selective switch.

Abstract: An optical node may include D (D?2) input ports, D output ports, and D degrees. Each degree may include an inbound M×N (M?D, N?2D) WSS and an outbound M×N WSS. Each inbound M×N WSS may include an input connected to one of the D input ports; inputs connected to outputs of inbound M×N WSSs of the other degrees; outputs connected to inputs of outbound M×N WSSs of the other degrees; outputs connected to inputs of inbound M×N WSSs of the other degrees; and a local drop port. Each outbound M×N WSS may include an output connected to one of the D input ports; outputs connected to inputs of outbound M×N WSSs of the other degrees; inputs connected to outputs of inbound M×N WSSs of the other degrees; inputs connected to outputs of outbound M×N WSSs of the other degrees; and a local add port.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adjusting the receive buffer size for network interface controllers. An example method may comprise: selecting a packet size value having a certain ordinal number in an ordered sequence of sizes of a plurality of data packets received by a network interface controller; and adjusting, in view of the selected packet size value, a size of a buffer associated with the network interface controller.

Abstract: A process and apparatus to facilitate communication between callers and callees in a system comprising a plurality of nodes with which callers and callees are associated is disclosed. In response to initiation of a call by a calling subscriber, a caller identifier and a callee identifier are received. Call classification criteria associated with the caller identifier are used to classify the call as a public network call or a private network call. A routing message identifying an address, on the private network, associated with the callee is produced when the call is classified as a private network call and a routing message identifying a gateway to the public network is produced when the call is classified as a public network call.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to technology for constructing an optical network. A central node is selected among a plurality of nodes in the optical network, and each of the nodes is connected to the central node via a set of superchannels, wherein each of the superchannels includes sub-carriers and has a same data rate. The network resources between the central node and each of the plurality of nodes are managed by dynamically allocating the sub-carrier bandwidths to support communication among the plurality of nodes via the superchannels, and wavelength selective switching is performed among the superchannels at the central node.

Abstract: A process and apparatus to facilitate communication between callers and callees in a system comprising a plurality of nodes with which callers and callees are associated is disclosed. In response to initiation of a call by a calling subscriber, a caller identifier and a callee identifier are received. Call classification criteria associated with the caller identifier are used to classify the call as a public network call or a private network call. A routing message identifying an address, on the private network, associated with the callee is produced when the call is classified as a private network call and a routing message identifying a gateway to the public network is produced when the call is classified as a public network call.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a non-transitory computer-readable memory resource containing instructions for transmitting data are provided. In an example, the method includes providing a header signal having a first optical property. The header signal indicates a start of a packet, and has a minimum period between transitions that is less than a frame period of a receiving device and greater than a scanline period of the receiving device. A payload signal of the packet is provided that has a second optical property that is different from the first optical property. The payload signal has a minimum period between transitions that is less than the frame period of the receiving device and greater than the scanline period of the receiving device.

Abstract: A method may include receiving, by a switching engine, an optical signal. The optical signal may carry a super-channel that includes a plurality of sub-carriers to be directed toward respective output ports. The switching engine may have a plurality of regions of pixels on which respective sub-carriers, of the plurality of sub-carriers, are incident. The method may include applying, by the switching engine, respective single beam steering gratings to first, overlapping, areas of the plurality of regions of pixels. The method may include applying, by the switching engine, one or more respective pluralities of beam steering gratings to second, overlapping areas of the plurality of regions of pixels. The method may include directing, based on the single beam steering gratings and the one or more pluralities of beam steering gratings, parts of the optical signal toward the respective output ports.

Abstract: A routing and wavelength assignment method for use in an optical fiber system, comprising: (i) identifying a plurality of paths between a source node and a destination node, (ii) selecting one of the plurality of identified paths, (iii) defining within the spectrum band of the selected path one or more blocks of spectral resource, in which each block comprises either: one or more unused wavelength channels, or one or more wavelength channels having the same spectral width, (iv) obtaining an entropy value of the selected path defining the spectrum fragmentation across its spectrum band, based on a logarithm of the ratio of the number of wavelength channels in each of the one or more blocks, to the total number of wavelength channels across the spectrum band, (v) iterating (ii) to (v) until the entropy value of each of the plurality of identified paths has been determined, and (vi) choosing from the plurality of identified paths a path having the lowest entropy value.

Abstract: A process and apparatus to facilitate communication between callers and callees in a system comprising a plurality of nodes with which callers and callees are associated is disclosed. In response to initiation of a call by a calling subscriber, a caller identifier and a callee identifier are received. Call classification criteria associated with the caller identifier are used to classify the call as a public network call or a private network call. A routing message identifying an address, on the private network, associated with the callee is produced when the call is classified as a private network call and a routing message identifying a gateway to the public network is produced when the call is classified as a public network call.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to implementing a router Media Access Control (MAC) Ethernet switch in a network. An Ethernet-over-Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) packet switch system includes a transport switching element communicatively coupled to one or more routers in a client layer and communicatively coupled via a photonic switching layer with a plurality of transport switching elements forming a transport layer; wherein the transport switching element is configured to flood addresses, in the transport layer, associated with the one or more routers to disseminate learned end-point addresses of the one or more routers so that service-based addressing is resolved by the transport layer. The addresses from the client layer are flooded in the control plane which is a lower layer control plane relative to the client layer to allow the transport switching element and the plurality of transport switching elements to use of the addresses.