Abstract: A system for interconnecting one or more leaf nodes attached to the leaves of an optical distribution network (ODN), comprising: A first and a second optical distribution network respectively comprising a remote node for distributing signals from a central office and/or an optical line terminal to a plurality of leaf nodes connected to said optical distribution network; a link connecting a first leaf node connected to the first optical distribution network to a second leaf node connected to the second optical distribution network, wherein the remote node of the second optical distribution network is adapted to forward an optical signal from said second leaf node which has received the signal from said first leaf node to the other leaf nodes of said second optical distribution network.

Abstract: In a passive optical network, a downstream transmission rate from an OLT to multiple ONTs can be optimized by matching a transmission scheme for frames addressed to a channel to the downstream transmission characteristics of the channel. An FEC coding can be made channel dependent so that channels with low error rates can use minimal protection, and therefore minimal overhead, while channels with high input bit error rates can use the level of FEC coding required to produce a desired output bit error rate.

Abstract: A laser system includes an array of lasers that emit light at a number of different, fixed wavelengths. A group of optical transport systems connect to the laser system. Each of the optical transport systems is configured to modulate data signals onto the light from the laser system to create optical signals and transmit the optical signals on one or more optical fibers.

Abstract: It is provided an optical access system, comprising an optical line terminal which is coupled to another network and optical network units which are coupled to the optical line terminal and to a plurality of user terminals. Each of the optical network units obtains a capacity of a buffer included in the each of the optical network unit and a link speed between the each of the optical network units and one of the plurality of user terminals that is coupled to the each of the optical network units; determines a sleep time based on the obtained capacity and the obtained link speed in a case where no communication frames are transmitted for a given period of time from any one of the plurality of user terminals and the optical line terminal; and sets in a sleep state for the determined sleep time.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical network element (100; 200), particularly an optical line terminal, OLT, for transmitting (540) and receiving (560) signals wire an optical network that comprises at least one optical fiber link (500) and at least one further optical network element (300; 400). The optical network element (100; 200) provides a primary optical pumping mean (166; 266) for emitting optical pump power to set at least one optical fiber link (500). The emitted optical pump power forms at least one gain medium outside the optical network element (100; 200) to provide optical pump power to the network for amplifying the singles to receive (560) so that outside of the domain of the optical network element (100) no electrical energy supply is needed.

Abstract: A passive optical network (PON) component comprising a power switch, a detector configured to monitor the power switch, and a processor configured to receive an interrupt from the detector and transmit a message comprising a first indicator that the PON component has powered down, and a second indicator giving a reason for the power down. A passive optical network (PON) component comprising a processor configured to implement a method comprising receiving an interrupt message from a detector, determining a reason for the interrupt, and transmitting a dying gasp message comprising an indicator of the reason for the interrupt. A method comprising transmitting an alarm message comprising an optical network terminal (ONT) manual power off indicator that indicates the ONT is shutting down because a subscriber has turned off its power switch.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authentication in a passive optical network are disclosed. In the disclosure, a PLOAM message is sent from an ONU to an OLT, where the PLOAM message includes a first field for carrying an ONU identifier (ONU-ID) and a second field for carrying a first logic registration code, where the ONU-ID is assigned by the OLT to identify the ONU and wherein the first logic registration code is assigned to a user by an operation management system communicatively connected to the OLT and provisioned to the user for authentication. The OLT is configured to judge whether the first logic registration code received from the ONU matches with a second logic registration code provisioned by the operation management system to the OLT and to promote the ONU into service if the first logic registration code matches with the second logic registration code.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a Passive Optical Network (PON) system and method for detecting a fault in an Optical Network terminal (ONT). The PON system for detecting a fault in an ONT includes a plurality of ONTs for outputting optical signals in time slots allocated thereto in a time division access control manner and having at least one virtual ONT. An Optical Line Terminal (OLT) receives the optical signals output from the plurality of ONTs in the time division access control manner, and then detects a faulty ONT. According to the present invention, a faulty ONT that continuously outputs signals can be detected and action can be rapidly taken against system faults when a virtual ONT is formed in a plurality of ONTs connected to an OLT and then an optical signal in the section of the virtual ONT is detected, thus providing a reliable service.

Abstract: A remote node architecture for a fiber-optic network, especially for low bit-rate data transmission, the fiber-optic network architecture comprises a central node and a plurality of remote nodes serially connected to each other or to the central node, respectively. The central node and the remote nodes are capable of communicating by means of digital optical signals created by the central node or a respective remote node, each digital optical signal comprising a data frame. The remote node comprises an optical connection network, a single transceiver device comprising an optical receiver unit and an optical transmitter unit, and an electronic controller device for controlling the transceiver device. The optical connection network defines a western optical connection port, an eastern optical connection port, an internal optical receiving port being connected to the optical receiver unit and an internal optical transmitting port being connected to the optical transmitter unit.

Abstract: In a communication line switching method for an optical communications system in which a station-side line terminal apparatus and user-side line terminal apparatuses are connected via a plurality of redundant physical lines, the discovery of the station-side optical line terminal registering the user-side line terminal apparatuses, wherein the registered user-side line terminal apparatuses monitoring a time stamp drift error that is generated when a difference between a time stamp included in a received signal and a local time measured by the own apparatus is larger than a value set in advance and, when the time stamp drift error occurs, shifting to a deregistered state and waiting for registration by the discovery. The station-side line terminal apparatus switches a physical line from a working physical line to a backup physical line of the physical lines.

Abstract: A temperature controlled multi-channel transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) may be used in a multi-channel optical transceiver. The multi-channel TOSA generally includes an array of lasers optically coupled to an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) to combine multiple optical signals at different channel wavelengths. A temperature control system may be used to control the temperature of both the array of lasers and the AWG with the same temperature control device, e.g., a thermoelectric cooler (TEC). The multi-channel optical transceiver may also include a multi-channel receiver optical subassembly (ROSA). The optical transceiver may be used in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical system, for example, in an optical line terminal (OLT) in a WDM passive optical network (PON).

Abstract: A wavelength-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) and a method are described herein for setting-up (e.g., wavelength tuning, power tuning) an ONT laser by establishing a communications channel on an optical layer between an optical line terminal (OLT) and an optical network termination (ONT). The communications channel is established by utilizing the OLT's laser shutdown function and the ONT's signal detection function.

Abstract: In a communication line switching method for an optical communications system in which a station-side line terminal apparatus and user-side line terminal apparatuses are connected via a plurality of redundant physical lines, the discovery of the station-side optical line terminal registering the user-side line terminal apparatuses, wherein the registered user-side line terminal apparatuses monitoring a time stamp drift error that is generated when a difference between a time stamp included in a received signal and a local time measured by the own apparatus is larger than a value set in advance and, when the time stamp drift error occurs, shifting to a deregistered state and waiting for registration by the discovery. The station-side line terminal apparatus switches a physical line from a working physical line to a backup physical line of the physical lines.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a long-distance box and a method for processing uplink/downlink light thereof. The method includes that: the uplink/downlink light (uplink light and downlink light) from different PON systems is split, and the uplink/downlink light from different PON systems is transmitted through different optical paths; and the uplink/downlink light from different PON systems is processed by long-distance boxes belonging to corresponding systems in different optical paths, and then output to the OLTs/ONUs of respective systems. By means of the method provided in the disclosure, a simple and reliable solution is provided for operators to solve the long-distance problem caused by the coexistence of multiple PON systems; furthermore, in the disclosure, modification for the system is slightest, reliability of the system is highest, and an efficiency of the system is highest, so that time and cost are saved for the operators.

Abstract: In multicast transfer in a passive optical network (PON) system, an optical line terminal (OLT) is provided, which dynamically changes the longest response time included in a General Query message or a Specific Query message to control the timing at which a given terminal device transmits a report message. This reduces the possibility that the OLT has failed in getting some report messages from terminal devices due to lack of processing capability, and reduces the waste of the band due to useless transmission of multicast packets, which is caused by a delay in reporting that the given terminal device has left a multicast group, by taking into consideration both the message processing capability of the OLT and the number of optical network units (ONUs) each of which has terminal devices being subordinate thereto and belonging to the same multicast group.

Abstract: There is a need to recover an ONU from a sleep state for communication with the PON before a specified sleep cancel time in a short period of time without degrading the band use efficiency. An OLT manages an electric state of each ONU connected to a PON. When at least one ONU is in sleep mode, the OLT transmits a grant to allocate a band for a sleep cancel report to the ONU. When the sleep-mode ONU requires communication, the ONU transmits the sleep cancel report to the OLT using the band for the sleep cancel report. When receiving the sleep cancel report, the OLT changes the managed ONU to a normal state and resumes the communication with the PON.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing passive optical networks with extended reach and/or splitting ratio are disclosed. For example, the optical network comprises a first optical line termination (OLT) device having a transceiver for sending and receiving optical signals. The optical network further comprises an optical extender box comprising at least one hybrid SOA-Raman amplifier, wherein the optical extender box is coupled to the first optical line termination device via a first standard single mode fiber section. Finally, the optical network further comprises an optical splitter coupled to the optical extender box via a second standard single mode fiber section.

Abstract: Bidirectional data signals are exchanged between a central unit and a plurality of network terminals. The optical carrier frequencies of the downstream and upstream signals are chosen so that reflections do not interfere with the selected signal at the optical network unit and not with the received upstream signals at the central unit. The optical network units select their associated downstream signal and generate an associated upstream signal.

Abstract: An optical wavelength division node includes an optical splitter, a plurality of optical circulators, and a colorless light source module. The optical splitter receives and splits a downstream signal light source into a first-path and a second-path signal light source. The optical circulator in a first-order position receives and transmits the first-path signal light source to an optical network unit in a first-order position, and receives a return signal and passes it to a next optical circulator, and finally the optical circulator in a last-order position receives the return signal and transmits it. The colorless light source module receives the second-path signal light source and the return signal transmitted by the optical circulator in a last-order position, and uses the second-path signal light source to modulate the return signal to generate an upstream signal light source to be transmitted to the optical line terminal by the optical splitter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a combined communication and broadcasting dual switching system and method. The system includes broadcasting transmission means, an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), an optical detection unit, an active path determination unit, an optical switch unit, and a combining unit. The broadcasting transmission means converts a Radio Frequency (RF) broadcast signal into an optical signal. The OLT includes dual lines and selectively outputs an Internet data signal. The optical detection unit detects a line from which the Internet data signal is being output. The active path determination unit determines that the line is an active path. The optical switch unit receives the optical signal from the broadcasting transmission means, and switches to the active path. The combining unit receives the optical signal output after having been switched, receives the Internet data signal from the OLT, and multiplexes the received optical signal and the received Internet data signal.

Abstract: A distribution node of a passive optical network (PON) comprises a first port for receiving a first optical continuous envelope modulated downstream data signal at a first wavelength (?C) from a first optical line termination unit (OLT1) and a second port for receiving a second optical continuous envelope modulated downstream data signal at a second wavelength (?L) from a second optical line termination unit (OLT2). A first converter (FBG-1) performs continuous envelope modulation-to-intensity modulation conversion of the first optical downstream data signal and forwards the converted first optical downstream data signal (?C) to the first group of optical network units (ONU1 . . . N). A second converter (FBG-2) performs continuous envelope modulation-to-intensity modulation conversion of the second optical downstream data signal and forwards the converted second optical downstream data signal (?L) to the second group of optical network units (ONUN+1 . . . 2N).

Abstract: A computerized system and method for managing a passive optical network (PON) is disclosed. The system includes a detection and analysis module adapted for receiving uploaded measurement data from an optical line terminal (OLT) and at least one optical network terminal (ONT), and at least one of technical tools data, service failure data, and outside plant data. The detection and analysis module is adapted for determining a source of failure or potential failure in the PON by correlating the uploaded measurement data and the at least one of technical tools data and service failure data with information stored in a memory medium for the OLT and each ONT.

Abstract: In a Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) utilizing a conventional downstream optical signal reusing method, there is an inventory problem that different optical transmitter types need to be provided for the operation, management, replacement, etc. of a system. A WDM-PON system according to the present invention, includes: a seed light (SL) unit generating a seed light whose wavelength intervals and center wavelengths are adjusted using at least one seed light source; an optical line terminal (OLT) receiving the wavelength-multiplexed seed light from the seed light unit, transmitting a downstream optical signal to a subscriber of the WDM-PON, and receiving a upstream optical signal from the subscriber; and an optical network unit (ONU) receiving the downstream optical signal from the OLT, flattening and modulating the downstream optical signal with upstream data so that the downstream optical signal is reused for carrying upstream data.

Abstract: A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack detection and defense apparatus and method are provided. The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack detection and defense apparatus includes: a flow information collection unit to collect, from one or more input packets with an IP address of an attack target system as a destination IP address, flow information including source IP addresses of the input packets and packet counts of one or more flows that are classified for each of the source IP addresses and each of different protocol types; an inspection unit to calculate packets per second (PPS) values of the flows based on the packet counts; and a response unit to determine a DDoS attack response method for each of the flows based on the PPS value and the protocol type of a corresponding flow and to process the corresponding flow using the determined DDoS attack response method.

Abstract: Provided is a wavelength division multiplexing transmission apparatus that enables operation control of transponders each carrying an FBTL optical module from the monitoring control unit by the same operation control as one for the transponders each carrying an NB optical module with four wavelengths assigned. For that purpose, the wavelength division multiplexing transmission apparatus includes the transponders for converting optical signals from wideband wavelengths to narrowband wavelengths, and a monitoring control unit for controlling the transponders by instructions from an operator.

Abstract: In a passive optical network, an upstream transmission rate from an ONT to an OLT can be optimized by matching a transmission scheme for a channel to the upstream transmission characteristics of the channel. An FEC coding can be made channel dependent so that channels with low error rates can use minimal protection, and therefore minimal overhead, while channels with high input bit error rates can use the level of FEC coding required to produce a desired output bit error rate.

Abstract: A translation agent adapts DOCSIS information, primarily QoS information, for transmission over a PON. The agent places into an IP address field of a DHCP message the MAC address of an ONU associated with a CPE device attempting to register with a CMTS. The translation agent intercepts DHCP reply messages from the DHCP server using the MAC address of the ONU. The translation agent extracts information, including an IP address of the client CPE assigned by the DHCP server. The agent downloads a configuration file for the CPE device using the configuration filename and configuration file server contained in a DHCP reply message. Information contained in the configuration file is converted from content in a format used by DOCSIS, to content in a format used by PON devices. The translated content includes QoS parameters, functions related to which are controlled at the ONU by an OLT coupled to the CMTS.

Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT), a remote node (RN) unit, and an optical transmission method and a system thereof are provided. The method includes following steps. Power splitting is performed respectively on a part or all of M optical signals which have different wavelengths and are generated by M light sources, thus forming a first group of optical signals including first split optical signals and a second group of optical signals including second split optical signals. Both the first group of optical signals and the second group of optical signals have N different wavelengths. Cross routing is performed on the first group of optical signals and the second group of optical signals to form N carrier groups of signals that need to be provided to N optical network units (ONUs).

Abstract: A laser system includes an array of lasers that emit light at a number of different, fixed wavelengths. A group of optical transport systems connect to the laser system. Each of the optical transport systems is configured to modulate data signals onto the light from the laser system to create optical signals and transmit the optical signals on one or more optical fibers.

Abstract: An optical line terminal performs transmission to optical network units using a light signal having a wavelength different for each of systems, allocates communication time to data, which is transmitted from the optical network units, in a time division manner for each of the systems, selects, for each of the optical network units, a system for performing data transmission, and transmits the data using a wavelength corresponding to the selected system. The optical network unit includes: ith blocking filter that removes a component other than a component in a predetermined wavelength band, which is set to correspond to an ith system, from a received light signal; and ith PON processing unit that applies termination processing to signals and transmitting the data based on an allocation result of the optical line terminal. The PON system includes n optical network units corresponding to i=1 to i=n.

Abstract: A technique for forwarding downstream packets in a GPON comprising an OLT unit having a physical PON port connected to N Optical Network Termination (ONT) units by optical fibers. The physical PON port accommodates N individual virtual GEM ports terminated with the N ONT units (ONTs) which form N:1 service. The technique comprises assigning in the physical port of the OLT unit a virtual GEM port being a shared broadcast GEM port terminated with all the N ONTs of the N:1 service. Those downstream packets applied to the physical PON port, which would otherwise be flooded—such as broadcast packets or packets having unknown destination address—will now be forwarded only via the shared broadcast GEM port.

Abstract: A dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) system, comprising a plurality of laser transmitters, a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) optically coupled to the laser transmitters and to an output optical transmission media, a coupler optically coupled to the output optical transmission media, an interferometric filter optically coupled to the coupler but not directly to the output optical transmission media, and a light reflector optically coupled to the interferometric filter and not directly to the output optical transmission media.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides an optical line terminal (OLT) in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON). The OLT includes a number of bi-direction optical transceivers. At least one bi-direction optical transceiver is coupled to an optical network unit (ONU) group that includes a number of ONUs. The OLT further includes a first downstream media access control (MAC) interface configured to provide a first downstream control signal and a splitter configured to split the first downstream control signal to a number of sub-signals. At least one sub-signal is configured to control downstream transmission of a corresponding bi-direction optical transceiver to a corresponding ONU-group.

Abstract: An optical access network (5) comprises optical network units (10) connected to a node (40). A monitoring unit (35) determines information indicative of energy consumption at the optical network unit (10) over a period of time. An optical network unit (10) can operate in operating states/modes which differ in their energy consumption. Monitoring unit (35) can determine the information by determining a time that an optical network unit spends in the different operating states/modes. Monitoring unit (35) can use a state machine (31) at the node (40) which represents the optical network unit (10). An optical network unit (10) can locally record time spent in states/modes and forward this to the monitoring unit (35). An optical network unit (10) can locally monitor energy consumption and forward this to the monitoring unit (35). An operational parameters of the access network (5) can be modified based on the information determined by the monitoring unit (35).

Abstract: There is provided an office-side line concentration device that accommodates a plurality of passive optical networks, including a plurality of receiving means connected to each of the plurality of passive optical networks, and interface means for controlling a transmission timing of user data from the plurality of passive optical networks so that user data received by the plurality of receiving means can be arranged closely in an uplink, thus enabling effective use of bandwidth in the uplink.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing protection switching in a passive optical network are provided. When a fiber cut is detected, control and management plane applications are not immediately informed. A rapid re-registration procedure is instigated upon detection of a fiber cut event. This allows multiple optical network units to re-register quickly without restarting control and management applications.

Abstract: In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a system and method for transmitting optical markers in a passive optical network (PON) system is provided. In a particular embodiment, a method for transmitting optical markers in a PON system includes transmitting a first optical marker signal, the first optical marker signal used to identify at least one of the first optical marker signal, an upstream wavelength corresponding to the first optical marker signal, and an optical network unit (ONU) type transmitting at the upstream wavelength corresponding to the first optical marker signal. The method also includes transmitting a second optical marker signal, the second optical marker signal used to identify at least one of the second optical marker signal, an upstream wavelength corresponding to the second optical marker signal, and an ONU type transmitting at the upstream wavelength corresponding to the second optical marker signal.

Abstract: A label switching method is provided. When a Passive Optical Network (PON)-based Label Switching Path (LSP) is established, a PON logical service transmission channel is established between an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and an Optical Network Unit (ONU). According to an identifier (ID) of the PON logical service transmission channel as a PON label, a PON-based Forwarding Information Base (FIB) table on the ONU is updated, and a PON-based Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) table on the OLT is updated, where the PON-based LFIB table records a forwarding relationship between an ingress port plus an ingress label and an egress port plus an egress label, and the PON-based FIB table records a forwarding relationship between the ingress port plus a destination address and the egress port plus the egress label. Therefore, the problems between network segments of different forwarding characteristics, protocol variation, inter-segment conversion, and mapping and control complexity are avoided.

Abstract: An optical communication system is disclosed. The optical communication system includes a reflection hub connected to a plurality of communication modules. The communication modules communicate optical signals to one another via two way light channels, such that an optical signal is scattered off a diffuse surface at a distal end of the reflection hub and into the two way light channel of each communication module.

Abstract: An optical network design apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a connection limit corresponding to the number of connections between ports. The processor provisionally designs a traffic path across an optical network independently of a connection limit of an asymmetric optical hub, calculates a penalty allowance with respect to the penalty limit of the traffic path, calculates an additional penalty caused on a detour path derived by replacing a port with a replacement port in the asymmetric optical hub, and if an asymmetric optical hub is included in the detour path, generates asymmetric optical hub information about the included asymmetric optical hub, generates, based on the connection limit, penalty allowance, additional penalty, and asymmetric optical hub information, a constraint condition for adopting the traffic path satisfying the connection limit and penalty limit, and calculates the traffic path by mathematical programming under the constraint condition.

Abstract: A passive optical network system such that the power consumption can be reduced as much as possible according to the end-user traffic. An OLT uses the DBA function thereof and sequentially uses frequencies in ascending order of transmission rate in order to sequentially allocate bands to ONUs in ascending order of the requested bandwidth. At this time, a frequency to be allocated is selected so that the bandwidth allocated to each ONU is narrower than a maximum bandwidth through which transmission using the allocated wavelength is enabled. An OLT uses a grant area to specify the transmission timing of the secondary station and to inform the specified transmission timing to the secondary station. In addition, an area is set for storing information used to inform the secondary station of a new frequency to be used.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for network traffic scheduling in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) passive optical network (PON). Dynamic wavelength assignment and time allocation in hybrid WDM/TDM PONs with tunable lasers as optical light generators is accomplished by mapping the scheduling into a multi-processor scheduling problem with wavelength channels as machines and ONU requests as jobs. Wavelengths may be considered as parallel identical machines. Taking laser tuning time into consideration preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling with the objective of minimizing the latest job completion time is computed employing a number of heuristic algorithms. The algorithms compute two extreme cases of zero and infinity laser tuning time, respectively. Using the results from these two extreme cases, the heuristic scheduling schemes for the case of arbitrary laser tuning time yield close average latest job completion times for both schedule types.

Abstract: A communication control method performing Discovery processing, which is a procedure at an OLT to detect an ONU newly connected, in a PON system, the method includes: a transmission-permission-signal transmitting step of transmitting, by the OLT, a transmission permission signal for discovery, which includes an individual number of an ONU that is permitted to respond and mask information for designating a match-detection target bit for the individual number; and a registration-request-signal transmitting step of comparing, by an ONU, which is not registered in the OLT, a match-detection target bit for the individual number designated in the mask information with an individual number of the ONU based on a received transmission permission signal, and when the target bit and the individual number match each other, transmitting a registration request signal to the OLT.

Abstract: It is determined that service is to be disconnected for at least a first subscriber of a video content network employing at least one fiber optic cable. The service to the at least first subscriber is provided from a cross-connect cabinet, over the at least one fiber optic cable, to a premises of the at least first subscriber. Sufficient macro-bending loss is induced in the at least one fiber optic cable so as to cause a signal-to-noise ratio at the premises to degrade such that the service is disconnected. The macro-bending loss is induced in a portion of the at least one fiber optic cable which services only the first subscriber. The macro-bending loss can be induced, for example, by winding about a single mandrel, two mandrels in a figure eight pattern, in a tortuous groove in a tray, and so on.

Abstract: Provided is a time division multiple access over wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM-over-WDM-PON) system. According to the TDM-over-WDM-PON system, a downstream optical signal is separated according to a wavelength in a remote node, transmitted to an optical amplifying device located in subscriber equipment, amplified in the optical amplifying device, transmitted back to the remote node, and then transmitted to the subscriber equipment. Also, an upstream optical signal is transmitted to a wavelength converting device located in the subscriber equipment from the remote node, wavelength-converted in the wavelength converting device, returned back to the remote node, and then transmitted to a central office.

Abstract: An optical access network (OAN) system is provided. In the system, a remote radio unit (RRU) receives and sends a wireless signal and implement conversion between the wireless signal and a first frequency signal; an optical network device receives and sends the wireless signal, and implement conversion between the wireless signal and the first frequency signal and conversion between the first frequency signal and a fiber transmission signal; an optical distribution network (ODN) connected to the optical network device transmits the fiber transmission signal; an optical line terminal (OLT) device receives and sends the fiber transmission signal, and implements conversion between the fiber transmission signal and a second frequency signal, conversion between the second frequency signal and a base band signal, and conversion between the base band signal and a signal of another standard protocol.

Abstract: A system and method of extending a trunk reach of a passive optical network, PON. An optical network termination, ONT, processes upstream and downstream PON signals on a trunk fiber with an optical line termination, OLT, at a central office. An extender device may be implemented at a user's home, a remote node, or at the central office. The extender device includes a time division multiplexing, TDM, unit for multiplexing the PON signals, a forward error correction, FEC1 unit for applying an FEC to the PON signals, and a regenerator for applying optical-electrical-optical, OEO, regeneration to the PON signals.

Abstract: A passive optical network for transmitting digital signals incorporates sub-octave filters for the removal of distortions introduced into the signals as they are transmitted over the fiber optic cable of the network. Stated differently, second order distortions that result when the light beam carrying the digital signals is passed through a fiber optic cable are removed by the sub-octave filter. Further, the employment of another passive optical network on the same fiber optic cable with the present network is provided for. And, considerations for ensuring the compatibility of upstream and downstream transmission frequencies with the sub-octave filters are disclosed.

Abstract: It is necessary to completely remove overlapping of signals between plural PONs in order to make the PONs coexist. Accordingly, it is required to share or intensively manage bandwidth use conditions over an optical fiber that serves as a common band between plural systems. Therefore, transmission clocks should be synchronized with high accuracy between plural systems. A reference clock is provided from an external device or a representative OLT to the entire systems to perform clock synchronization between plural systems, so that the overall systems are synchronized by synchronizing each OLT with the reference clock. A hierarchical management method is selected that manages ONUs under the control of each OLT by managing band use information arranged for each OLT with respect to an external device or a representative OLT for sharing of bandwidth use conditions between plural systems.

Abstract: There are provided fiber optic local convergence points (“LCPs”) adapted for use with multiple dwelling units (“MDUs”) that facilitate relatively easy installation and/or optical connectivity to a relatively large number of subscribers. The LCP includes a housing mounted to a surface, such as a wall, and a cable assembly with a connector end to be optically connected to a distribution cable and a splitter end to be located within the housing. The splitter end includes at least one splitter and a plurality of subscriber receptacles to which subscriber cables may be optically connected. The splitter end of the cable assembly of the LCP may also include a splice tray assembly and/or a fiber optic routing guide. Furthermore, a fiber distribution terminal (“FDT”) may be provided along the subscriber cable to facilitate installation of the fiber optic network within the MDU.