Abstract: A plastic accessory having a retaining socket for use with socket head cap screws, the plastic accessory engagingly receiving the head of the screw and having a hub concentrically positioned within the retaining socket and co-axial with the socket. The retaining socket of the plastic accessory is shaped to allow for engagement with the socket head cap screw and the hub of the plastic accessory extends into the socket of the head in the screw. The upper body portion of the hub, upon engagement with the screw, is both sheared and reshaped to a configuration corresponding to that of the head socket of the screw. A plurality of primary grips and a plurality of secondary grips are positioned on the inside wall of the retaining socket of the plastic accessory for absorbing the screw head tolerance and gripping the peripheral surface of the head of the screw. The screw head is resiliently received by deforming, shearing and press fitting the retaining socket of the plastic accessory.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembled driveshaft in the case of which individual driving elements, especially gears, are non-rotatingly connected to a hollow shaft, with the connection between the hollow shaft and the driving elements essentially being achieved by a force or friction locking connection between the plastically expanded hollow shaft and the elastically pretensioned driving elements. For improving the bending and torsional stiffness of the driveshaft, at least one driving element has been produced to comprise at least two toothed discs with different diameters connected to each other by a sleeve, with the sleeve either being positioned directly on the shaft to form a basis for the connection or radially spaced from the shaft between the discs.

Abstract: A frame fork for a bicycle includes a main tube, two support tubes, a fork head including a bracing tube and two legs integrally formed together, and a sleeve including a sleeve body and two limbs integrally formed together. A center hole is formed in the sleeve body. The bracing tube passes through the center hole of the sleeve body and the lower end of the main tube. The sleeve body embraces the lower end of the main tube. Each leg of the fork head and a respective limb of the sleeve are force fitted into each upper end of the support tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mounting structure for securely and accurately positioning an object on a rotatable shaft. In the preferred embodiment, the mounting structure is utilized to position a rotary bell on a rotatable shaft of a rotary atomizer coater. More specifically, the mounting structure includes a rotatable shaft member having an axis and adapted to be connected to a rotating drive mechanism. The shaft member is provided with a first tapered mounting position. An object is adapted to be securely mounted on the shaft member for rotation therewith, and is provided with an internal bore having a second tapered mounting portion engageable with the first tapered mounting portion. The first and second tapered mounting portions cooperate to accurately align the object with respect to the shaft member.

Abstract: A modular power drive assembly includes a plain carbon driving shaft having an externally splined connection end, and a cast iron yoke having a hub thereon in fixed engagement with said connected end of the shaft. In a preferred form, the hub includes an internally splined mating portion for fixed torsional securement to the externally splined connection end of the shaft. The splined portions are sized to be press-fitted together to provide an interference fit between the splined members. A bonding adhesive is applied between the mating splined portions, and the yoke and shaft members are thereby fixedly secured against axial and rotational movement with respect to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a joint for aircraft wing skins which have previously been connected to support substructures by rivets or other mechanical fasteners which create stress points and leakage points when aircraft wings are filled with fuel. The invention utilizes interleaved plies of a composite fabric to mechanically interlock the wing skin and support substructure. Use of the invention increases the structural integrity of the connection joint between wing skin and support substructure.

Abstract: A camshaft for controlling valves in internal combustion engines includes a shaft and at least one cam slid onto and connected to the shaft. The cam has a recess for receiving the shaft. The recess has at least one radially inwardly directed projection which engages a corresponding groove in the shaft. At least one portion of the area of the shaft in which the cam is to be provided has a diameter which is greater than the remaining areas of the shaft. The increased diameter portion of the shaft is a bead-like material displacement which extends circumferentially on the shaft and is manufactured by rolling. The cam is forced onto the increased diameter portion of the shaft with a projection in the recess of the cam forming in a chip-removing operation a groove in the increased diameter portion.

Abstract: A wing skin is usually mounted to a support structure by using metal fasteners which cause high stress points and potential leakage points. The invention utilizes a wing skin structure fabricated from fabric strips with projections formed in the wing skin to mate with recesses formed in a support substructure thus forming interdigitations which prevent sliding displacement of the wing skin. A sliding bar passes through the interdigitating sections to maintain an interlocking relation.

Abstract: In order to provide a torque-transmitting joint comprising a tube of fiber-reinforced plastic material and a metallic inner sleeve which has a knurled outer surface, the inner sleeve is pressed into retaining regions of the tube having reinforcing fibers extending substantially entirely in the circumferential direction, whereby the knurling produces a counter-knurling because of the visco-elastic deformation of the material of the retaining regions.

Abstract: An improved accurate lightweight manual tool to cut suburban lawn and garden weeds efficiently and with little time and effort expended. It is like a miniature hoe half a man's height in length with a very thin very narrow blade, in length four to five times its width (FIG. 5). The chipper's light weight is achieved with a very lightweight conduit handle of any section joined at right angles by a secret joint to a backing plate for the blade and weighted with billet to increase and change the power for weight. A thin shock absorber is bolted between plate and blade by.The secret joint uses a steel billet driven through the metal plate into the conduit handle thereby expanding the handle against the metal collar and plate which has a self-centering protrusion fitting into a recess in the collar. The permanent right angle secret locking joint uses totally prefinished components.

Abstract: A press-fit structure of a shaft comprising a shaft and a member to be fitted with the shaft formed with a shaft hole for receiving the shaft therein, the shaft being formed at a predetermined position of the peripheral surface thereof with a meshing shaft portion which is formed with a plurality of meshing projections in the axial direction, the shaft hole being formed in an inner peripheral surface thereof with an annular groove for collecting a press-fit fin of cut material.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an accumulator for suppressing an abrupt rise in and suppressing the pressure of a fluid. In this accumulator, a coil spring for urging a piston fitted in a cylinder in the axial direction thereof is secured on the pistion by securing it on one side of a plate and by securing the plate on the piston. The plate is formed with a cylindrical nub, on which is fitted on turn of the coil spring. This coil spring is secured on the plate by deforming the nub radially outward to trap that one turn of the coil spring. The plate in turn is secured in a bottomed cylindrical hollow portion which is formed in the piston.

Abstract: A drawer has metal drawer side walls including vertical flanges which form the lateral limitations of the drawer. The drawer side walls have at their lower sides horizontal respective flanges on which a bottom plate, e.g. of chip board, abuts. Punched from the horizontal flanges of the drawer side walls are a number of flaps which project into continuous grooves of the bottom plate which extend parallel to the lateral edges thereof. In the longitudinal direction of the drawer side wall, the flaps at each side are aligned obliquely to the respective groove.

Abstract: In the past wing skin structures have been connected to support substructures by means of rivets or other mechanical fasteners which create stress points and leakage points when aircraft wings are filled with fuel. The present invention utilizes a support substructure having tabs which interleave between plies of a wing skin to mechanically interlock the wing skin and support substructure. The wing structure and support substructure may be fabricated from aircraft composite materials.

Abstract: A kit of parts for assembling a number of toy vehicles having at least a bucket, two spine members with each having one portion of its length extending at an angle to the other, a support member, three wheels each with an axle therefor, and connectors for all these parts. The parts are all so constructed that they may be assembled together by use of the connectors to form at least a tricycle and a wheelbarrow. At least one of the spine members and the support member is capable of assembly in at least two different positions relative to the bucket to create the differing toys. The kit includes only a relatively small number of parts but is versatile because of the ability of certain parts to perform at least two different functions.

Abstract: A blind hollow fastener with a slotted head and a depending tubular sleeve with a bore extending therethrough for use on a thin vertically disposed plate. The plate is slotted to receive the fastener with the slotted head engaging the side surfaces of the plate while the upsetting action on the tubular sleeve above its lower internal threaded portion engages notches that extend out away from the slot in the plate.

Abstract: A window operator and assembly method therefor wherein a stacked pull arm and gear are rotatably mounted on a bushing carried by a mounting base and the gear and pull arm are assembled to the mounting base with a controlled clearance independent of the tolerance of these components by use of a hardened metal bushing. The hardened metal bushing is forced into the deformable metal of the mounting base whatever distance is necessary to locate an exposed end of the bushing a fixed distance beyond the uppermost of said gear and pull arm and provide a surface against which a washer may be mounted and which overlies the pull arm and gear to hold the components in assembled relation with the controlled clearance.

Abstract: A window operator and assembly method therefor wherein a stacked pull arm and gear are rotatably mounted on a bushing carried by a mounting base and the gear and pull arm are assembled to the mounting base with a controlled clearance independent of the tolerance of these components by use of a hardened metal bushing. The hardened metal bushing is forced into the deformable metal of the mounting base whatever distance is necessary to locate an exposed end of the bushing a fixed distance beyond the uppermost of said gear and pull arm and provide a surface against which a washer may be mounted and which overlies the pull arm and gear to hold the components in assembled relation with the controlled clearance.

Abstract: An assembly of at least two components joined together by at least one mechanical connection formed in sheet-like portions of the components and in an area of faying contact between the components. The assembly includes an integral collar projecting from one of the components and an outer integral collar projecting from the other components circumscribing the first collar. The inner collar has a cylindrical inner surface portion and a wall of varying thickness. At least a portion of this wall increases in thickness toward the outboard end of the collar to lock the collars together.

Abstract: A Roots-type blower or supercharger (11) is provided of the type including a pair of meshed, lobed rotors (21) and (23) which are press-fit onto a pair of shafts (25) and (27), respectively. Each of the rotors includes a first bore portion (65), and a second bore portion (69), while the shaft defines a first shaft portion (67), press-fit into the first bore portion, and a second shaft portion (71), press-fit into the second bore portion. The shaft defines a close-clearance land (63), disposed forwardly of the first shaft portion. Disposed between the close-clearance land and the first shaft portion is an entrapment groove (75) which is sized so that it can contain all of the material sheared from the surface of the first bore portion (65) during the press-fit operation.

Abstract: A connection between a circular cylindrical tube and a plate or sleeve includes a housing extending along an axis from an inlet opening in a surface of the plate or sleeve and a circular cylindrical tube having an end fittable in the housing. The housing includes a first cylindrical truncated cone extending to the inlet opening and having a vertex angle .beta. with respect to the axis of between 5.degree. and 20.degree., and a second oval truncated cone coaxial with the first cone and connected thereto. The second cone has generatrices forming an angle .alpha. of between 0.5.degree. and 5.degree. with respect to the axis.

Abstract: An electric fuel pump which is self-contained in a unitary housing with a fuel inlet at one end leading to a rotary eccentric pump, the pumped fuel passing out an outlet at the other end of the housing. A relief valve in the form of a shaped plate at the pump end bypasses fuel when there is reduced demand at the outlet. The outlet end of the pump is formed as a brush holder for the electric drive motor and a magnet retainer for the field assembly. A self-aligning composite pump assembly is utilized with a motor housing. A substantially constant pressure at the outlet with varying outlet flow is the function of the relief valve.

Abstract: A method for attaching an end-fitting, such as a yoke-type end-fitting, to a tubular drive shaft of the type used in the drive line of vehicles, comprises the steps of deforming the end of the drive shaft tube such as by swaging it onto a tool or replica of the end-fitting so that the inner diameter of the tube end is less than the outer diameter of the end-fitting; and then press-fitting the end-fitting into the deformed tube end. The resulting attachment is free of slippage that otherwise results from directly swaging the tube end onto the end-fitting. A preferred embodiment employs smooth undulating splines on the end-fitting and an outer sleeve over the tube end and utilizes electromagnetic-induced swaging.

Abstract: A pivot rod, such as a push rod of the type found included in fuel injector drive trains and engine cylinder valve drive trains, has a mounting shaft with an interior receiving space at at least one end thereof, and a pivot insert formed of a ceramic material that is positioned with a first portion thereof disposed within the receiving space of the mounting shaft and a second portion thereof projecting axially beyond the end of the mounting shaft.

Abstract: An implement having a working head with a threaded socket; a metal tubular handle; a connector joining the handle to the head; the connector having a generally cylindrical body with a threaded portion at one end threadably inserted into the socket in the head; a fluted portion at the other end of the body, with the flutes being located axially of the body and spaced apart from adjacent flutes; the fluted portion being forced into the end of the handle with a tight friction fit so that other fastening means is not required; and a stop between the fluted portion and the threaded portion limiting the distance which the fluted portion can be forced into the end of the tubular handle.

Abstract: A metal rod having a radial flange formed at one end and space pointed projections formed on the underside of the flange is inserted through a round hole in a metal plate. The metal rod plate combination is placed in a press on a bottom die having an axial insertion hole and an annular step formation of alternate grooves and ridges on the top surface of the bottom die round the insertion hole. Under pressing force, metal of the metal plate in its region around the bottom edge of the round hole is extruded radially inwardly against the neck portion of the flanged metal round rod under the effect of the step formation on the bottom die while at the same time the projections are driven into the surface of metal plate. The resulting metal assembly exhibits substantially improved adhension and torsional resistance between the metal members.

Abstract: A reel for a harvesting machine comprises a plurality of bats arranged for rotation around an axis defined by a shaft. The bats are pivotal about a bat axis parallel to the shaft and are driven in pivoting movement by an eccentric ring member interconnected to each of the bats by a rigid link controlled by the eccentric ring member. The ring member is free to rotate relative to the shaft but is driven by each in turn of the links when the respective bat reaches an extreme position as defined by a sliding link coupled between the rigid link and the ring member. The bats comprise folded sheet metal in tubular form defining a plurality of pockets each for receiving a plastics finger for projecting from a leading edge of the bat. Each bat is formed from separate bat portions coupled together by tubes extending into an end of the bat and bolted to the tubes so as to depress material from the bat into a punched hole formed in a groove in the tube.

Abstract: The two stator members of the distributor (5, 6), between which the rotor of the distributor (10) is placed, are assembled under an axial prestress by an assembly tie rod (12) comprising, at one end, an annular shoulder (17) cooperating in bearing against a bearing surface of the adjacent stator member (5) and, at its other end a profiled annular groove (18) in which a metal ring (23) is fitted by force, under axial stress with radial deformation, so as to exert an axial stress on a radial bearing surface of the adjacent stator member (6). Application to the construction of rotary hydraulic distributors, especially for power-assisted vehicle steering systems.

Abstract: A device is provided for connecting two parts, of which one forms a recess and the other a counterpiece which can be pushed into the recess, and, to obtain a simple firm connection without the direction of insertion being fixed, there is on at least one part a coating which consists of granular rigid material and which is attached to a deformable, preferably elastic carrier material. The length of the granular elements is made greater than the distance between the opposing faces of the parts to be connected.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in a method for forming a press-fitted pipe joint by flaring the bell end of one pipe section and forcing the unflared pin end of the other pipe section into the bell end until the sections are overlapping for a substantial length. The improvement comprises forming the bell end so that it has a greater wall thickness than the pin end.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing the method, for connecting stacked thin plates 4, 5 (in particular sheet-metal plates) or plate sections, according to which stacked flat parts 10, 11 of both plates are first deep drawn together with one another, after which the bottom area of the deep-drawn flat parts is swaged wider, and wherein the radial expansion of the bottom area of these deep-drawn flat parts is limited, as a result of which a plastic deformation of the material of the plate takes place, particularly in the peripheral area, so that a connection point is created. By means of a crimp 17 present in the peripheral area of the bottom 16 of the blind opening 3 of the die 2, the swaged material flows into itself at the point that is to be connected, and hence the clinching strength, is improved.

Abstract: A part, providing its own plastic deformation method and an exemplary embodiment, a polycarbonate spur gear, is disclosed. In a part having at least one region adapted to be deformed due to press-fit forces acting upon said region deformation is decoupled from proximate critical surfaces by providing at least one aperture in said part in a second region which is spaced from said first region in the general direction of the resultant vector of said forces such that said deformation is relieved by said aperture.In its basic aspects, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a plastic spur gear which remains rotationally concentric by embodying the inventive concept is described.

Abstract: A Roots pump having a plurality of rotor assemblies each including a light-alloy rotor, a steel shaft press-fitted in a bore of the rotor and a lock pin which is inserted through the rotor and the shaft to prevent removal of the shaft from the rotor. The lock pin is located substantially at an axial center of a press-fitted portion of the shaft accommodated the axial bore. The shaft has a timing gear at one end thereof for meshing with a timing gear of the shaft of the adjacent rotor assembly. The shaft further has a plurality of engagement teeth provided at one of opposite ends of the press-fitted portion on the side of the timing gear. The engagement teeth are at least partially embedded in an inner surface defining the axial bore of the rotor, upon press-fitting of the press-fitted portion in the axis bore, to thereby prevent a rotational movement of the shaft relative to the rotor.

Abstract: A hydraulic buffer of the type in which a damping force can be controlled has a piston rod projecting from a cylinder, and a bracket attached to the projecting end of the piston rod. The bracket has at least two claws which are bent inwardly to face each other. A retainer is provided with at least two fitting portions having flukes and the fitting portions are adapted to engage with respective claws of the bracket. An actuator is attached to the retainer to control the damping force of the buffer. A spring device is provided for biasing the retainer to prevent the flukes from being disengaged from the corresponding claws of the bracket, and the spring device supports the retainer on the bracket.

Abstract: A self crimping connection for inner and outer members and the method of making the same includes providing the inner member with stepped cylindrical exterior walls defining an outboard wall of reduced diameter relative to an inboard wall with an annular groove in the outboard wall; providing the outer member with a stepped bore defining an internal outboard wall and an inboard wall to slidably receive the outboard and inboard walls, respectively, of the inner member, with an annular groove in the outboard wall of the outer member; a first bushing encircling the outboard wall of the inner member and a second bushing encircling the outboard wall of the outer member, with each of the first and second bushings having a body portion and a crimp collar portion, the arrangement being such that as the inner member and first bushing are axially pressed into the outer member and its associate second bushing, the crimp collar portion of the first bushing is crimped into locking engagement into the annular groove in the

Abstract: A clutch for a cooling fan for a motor vehicle and method of making the same are provided, the clutch comprising a shaft having a knurled portion that press-fittingly receives an inner race member of a bearing, the shaft having a solid ring shaped portion disposed adjacent the knurled portion and being provided with an outer diameter about equal to that of the outer diameter of the knurled portion and having part of the inner race member of the bearing press-fitted thereon whereby the solid ring shaped portion is adapted to block the flow of viscous fluid out of an enclosed chamber of a housing of the clutch by way of the slots which define protuberances of the knurled portion.

Abstract: Each of two parts has a friction surface engaged under a force against a friction surface on the other to inhibit relative motion between the parts in one direction. One of the parts has at its friction surface strip-like hard zones which extend transversely to that direction and which are laterally spaced apart to have a strip-like soft zones between them. The material of that one part is substantially harder in the hard zones than in the soft zones. The material of the other part, at its friction surface, is of such hardness that under the force urging the friction surfaces together, the differences in hardness as between the hard zones and the soft zones of the one part tend to deform the friction surface of that other part into undulations that increase friction in the mentioned direction without substantially increasing friction transversely to that direction.

Abstract: A fastener arrangement for clamping a sensor element to a member whose deformation is to be monitored so as to elimiate signal distortions due to the clamping process and to settling phenomena. The sensor element is formed at its contact point with the member to be monitored by pressing between a die and counter-die as the clamping screws are tightened to provide a form-fit closure of the sensor element with the member to be monitored. The die and counter-die are formed on the adjacent surfaces of the member to be monitored and a torsion member; between which surfaces, the sensor element lies. The screw support member can be arranged to isolate the screw turning moments from the sensor element jointly with the form-fit closure feature.

Abstract: A method of making an assembly including a metal tube and a surrounding flange member comprises providing an abutment shoulder at the open end of the tube, passing a spacer sleeve along the tube into engagement with the shoulder, placing the flange member in engagement with a flange of the sleeve and welding one end of the spacer sleeve to the shoulder and the other end thereof to the flange. It is alternatively possible for the flange and sleeve to be integrally formed, in which case only welding to the shoulder is required.

Abstract: A drive shaft in which a graphite tube has splined yokes inserted at each end. A steel ring surrounds the tube at each end to clamp the tube against the yoke.

Abstract: A structure, which interlocks a relatively thin sheet of material with a relatively heavy member, for example, a hub member with a sheet metal fan structure, comprises the hub on one end having a groove dividing the hub into an inner sleeve-like shoulder having a length substantially greater than the thickness of the sheet-like member, the groove has a wider base than the throat adjacent a second outwardly extending shoulder on which the member rests. The sleeve is cut into a plurality of segments with alternate segments being deformed to force a portion of the edge of the sheet-like member into the groove to form a spline connection with the hub.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for rotation-secure mounting of a machine on a journal having a threaded portion, the machine element and journal having tooth surfaces which define an annular space therebetween. A thin-walled sleeve made of plastically deformable material and having a wall thickness smaller than the height of the annular space is arranged in the annular space and then is plastically deformed to fill the annular space during tightening of the nut. The sleeve material plastically flows into the interstitial spaces between the tooth surfaces of the machine element and the journal, thereby securing the machine element against rotation relative to the journal.

Abstract: A gear drive apparatus is provided which includes a rotatable drive shaft, a driving member, a driven member and a pinion gear. The rotatable drive shaft contains a handle and a stem. The driving member is integrally connected to the stem and rotates with the stem in response to the rotation of the handle. The driven member is coaxially positioned about the stem and engages the driving member. At least one radial aperture and radial groove are coaxially formed on the driven member and rotated about the stem. A pinion gear is rotatably mounted on the stem and includes at least one radial boss and pinion teeth, which extend from the pinion gear. The radial boss is positioned within the radial groove and a portion of one of the pinion teeth is fitted within the radial aper.

Abstract: To provide for an easily replaceable attachment of a printing cylinder (11) on a shaft (12), the shaft is formed as a stub shaft with a flange (13) projecting therefrom, and a disk-shaped groove or recess or bore is formed in the end face (14) of the milling roller, into which the flange is fitted by an interference fit. In order to provide for ease of engagement of the interference fit, the flange and/or the end face of the roller is undercut by a groove spaced somewhat from the fitting engagement surfaces to form a resilient lip (16) which is subjected to the interference fit. The flange and the milling roller are connected by one or more clamping screws or bolts (18).

Abstract: A piston pin comprising a tubular body enclosed by end caps, the end caps being secured to the tubular body by an extrusion extending into a recess in the inner periphery of the tubular body, and said extrusion being formed when said end cap is hammered into the tubular body so that an end of the end cap abuts against an annular wall in the tubular body adjacent the recess to force the end cap material into the recess. Preferably, the end cap includes an axial bore, and a transverse bore for communicating between the axial bore and the periphery of the cap, and the transverse bore is positioned so that it communicates with an area adjacent a tapered end portion of the tubular body. In a preferred method of forming piston pins according to the present invention, the tubular body is heated before the plug is hammered into position within the end of the tubular body. Once the end cap has been installed in the tubular body, the end cap and the axial end of the tubular body can be finish machined as desired.

Abstract: For fastening a cover part at a frame part in which both parts have at least a metallic frame structure, spherical segments formed out of the frame part with fasteners in the form of balls are provided while the counter fasteners are constructed as collars which are components of the cover part and extend angularly bent in the direction of the frame part. After inverting the collars over the balls, each collar is pressed flat by a predetermined amount under straightening during a pressing operation in which the frame part serves as supporting surface so that at the end of the deformation operation, the collar is supported at the ball.

Abstract: A leakproof joint construction for a pair of members disposed in abutting relation and method and apparatus for making the same are provided, the leakproof joint construction having part of one of the members deformed into an adjacent part of the other of the members so that the parts of the members are disposed completely beyond the plane of the outer surface of the other member while respectively being integrally interconnected to the remainder of the members by tubular portions of the members. The parts are interlocked together by an outward staking of the part of the one member into the tubular portion of the other member by a compaction of the parts, the parts and the tubular portions of the members respectively defining like polygonal configurations.

Abstract: Methods of forming joints between bars of materials such as mild steel are disclosed. In one method, the bars are arranged to lie in generally parallel planes but with their axes at an angle to one another, and a plastically-deformable tubular stub of round or square cross-section is disposed between the bars with its axis substantially intersecting the axes of the bars, which are then pressed together to deform the stub partially around the two bars. In a second method, a bar is arranged in a T-formation with a hollow member, two opposed regions at the end of the tubular member are deformed inwardly and back along the member axis, and the bar is then pressed into the groove so-formed at the end of the member, to deform the end portion partially around the bar. Heat may be used, in the former case on the stub and in the latter case on the tubular member, so that after completion of the joint the heated stub or tubular member will cool and contract, firmly to grip the or each bar.

Abstract: A wheel assembly includes a cam and a cam gear mounted on a camshaft of an internal combustion engine. The cam gear is constructed of a laminated stack of flat plate members which are disposed in abutting relationship to one another to form a plurality of axially spaced and radially extending interfaces. The cam gear is press fit onto the camshaft and the frictional forces between the gear and the camshaft provide the substantially sole force for maintaining the interfaces between the plate members in abutting relationship at their radially outer ends to form integral tooth members. The cam is also constructed of a laminated stack of flat plate members and press fit onto the camshaft in substantially the same manner as the gear to form an integral cam surface. The plates which form the cam are stamped from the plates that form the gear.

Abstract: Mechanical pipe joints and methods of forming same, wherein pipe ends are first prestrained into expanded bell and expanded pin shapes and then again strained by interference joining, both prestraining and subsequent straining being under controlled conditions which take maximum advantage of the metallurgical and physical properties of the materials to provide improved connection strength produced through approaching the ultimate strength of the material. Strain aging prior to joining may be used to further enhance connection strength to a point which requires exceeding the ultimate strength of the parent material.