Abstract: A method of mounting an annular element on a tube which involves surrounding said tube by a tubular sleeve of aluminum or an alloy thereof, which is sufficiently thin to be plastically deformable and has a similar cross-section, with suitable clearance, with one of the sleeve ends having an outside bevel; surrounding said tube, on the side of the sleeve bevel, with an annular element to be fastened, wherein the annular element has at least one opening whose crosswise dimensions are greater than those of the tube, but whose radial clearance with said tube is less than the thickness of the sleeve, and which has, on the sleeve side, an inside bevel whose maximum crosswise dimensions are greater than the crosswise dimensions of the end of the element and the sleeve toward one another, by a suitable means, and introducing the sleeve, by force, between the annular element and the tube by plastically deforming the sleeve and tube, thereby mounting the annular element.

Abstract: A bonnet is locked to the body of a valve into which the bonnet screws by a sheet metal bonnet lock which includes a portion that will mate with facets on the bonnet or with the sides of the valve body. Another portion of the bonnet lock is then deformed to mate with the other of the bonnet facets or valve body sides. The portion of the bonnet lock that mates with the facets on the bonnet circumscribes the bonnet such that one portion of the bonnet lock is fixed to the bonnet and the other portion is fixed to the valve body following deformation of the bonnet lock to prevent the bonnet from turning relative to the valve body.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and a device for an angular connection of the end of a tube with one (or more) sheet metal element(s), quickly and reliably.The forward portion of a tubular shape (1) is contracted by force-fitting in a ring (2) whose outside dimensions are approximately equal to those of the opening (4) and the inside dimensions, less than the initial outside dimensions of the tubular shape, and whose rear end (6) is flush with the rear face (7) of the sheet metal (3), this ring (2) being compressed on the thickness of the sheet metal (3) between the tubular shape (1) and the opening (4) in the sheet metal, while the end (10) of the tubular shape is flanged outward in a corolla on the rear face (7) of the sheet metal element.This process can be used in particular to attach rungs to side rails of a ladder or rods to rails of guard railings and also for making scaffolding or tube exchangers.

Abstract: In an articulated fitting for vehicle seats, two fitting elements are mounted on a bushing (4) which serves as a hinge pin allowing the fitting elements to be rotatable and pivotable relative to each other. In order to be able to rigidly connect an activating member (17) with one end of the bushing and a pin (19), which engages in the bushing, with the other end without danger of a misalignment, the two end surfaces (4', 4") of the bushing (4) are provided with axially projecting projections that penetrate into an annular shoulder (19) of the pin (18) and into the activating member (17), respectively. In addition, the end of the pin (18) that projects beyond the activating member (17) is formed as a rivet head (18") which holds the annular shoulder (19) and the activating member (17) in forced abutment against the bushing (4).

Abstract: A two-part cut sheet metal lamination element wherein one of the two sheet metal parts 1 comprises two outer legs 3 and a middle leg 4, the other sheet metal part 5 comprises a crosslink, the two outer legs of the first sheet metal part and the crosslink of the second sheet metal part are rigidly attached to each other, and the free end of the middle leg 4 interacts with the crosslink of the second sheet metal part by a short projection 10 which prevents movement of the free end of the middle leg with respect to the corresponding crosslink by an engagement produced when the two sheet metal parts are pressed together, said engagement and immobilization resulting from the punched or stamped configurations of the sheet metal parts.

Abstract: Decorative rail-like structures and methods for making the same wherein rails and rail supports are securely joined by the engagement of a rail channel with a rail support having a male projection with a ridge associated therewith. The male projection and associated ridge have a width greater than the width of the rail channel and are made from a material which is more resistant to compressive deformation than the material forming the rail channel. When inserted into the rail channel the ridge deforms a rail channel surface to form a depression complimentary to the ridge. The engagement of the ridge and depression resists the disengagement of rail and rail support.

Abstract: A hydraulically controlled brake is equipped with a device preventing an excessive rise in temperature of the hydraulic fluid. The control piston of the brake comprises a cup-shaped piece and also an insulating core accommodated in the cup and having a free end face via which the piston pushes on the friction element. The core is screwed onto a central threaded column projecting from the bottom of the cup.

Abstract: A knob-to-shaft assembly comprises a plastic knob having a cylindrical recess having a diameter corresponding to that of the outside diameter of the shaft onto which the knob is to be manually pushed. Projecting from the outside diameter of the shaft, at the forward end thereof, is an annular band comprising a series of outwardly projecting barbs created by an angled knurl which is formed on the rearward surface of an annular V-shape groove which is provided near the forward end of the shaft. Projecting slightly forwardly from the V-shape notch is a pilot portion whose outside diameter corresponds to that of the shaft.

Abstract: A process for forming a prestressed anchorage by drawing a steel sleeve over a metal core of elongate shape having a substantially round section, consisting in using a sleeve having an inner diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the metal core, in forming a grooved portion or indentations in the inner cylindrical surface of the sleeve, in subjecting the inner cylindrical surface of the sleeve and its grooving to surface heat treatment adapted to increase the hardness thereof and to give thereto a value greater than that of the metal core, by causing the tempering depth to increase from one end to the other of the sleeve and in anchoring the sleeve on the metal core, in a way known per se, by drawing the sleeve through a draw-plate.

Abstract: A drive fit coupling for joining together a pair of plain end concrete piles each having a polygonal cross sectional configuration is disclosed. A metal sleeve is provided in which a portion of the perimeter of the sleeve wall expands outwardly as the piles are driven into the sleeve causing the sleeve to fit tightly over the ends of the piles. The friction of the sleeve around the pile ends is sufficient to resist bending thereby keeping the joined piles straight during driving. Center stopping means is also provided to prevent a pile from entering the sleeve beyond the vertical center thereof.

Abstract: An impeller is assembled onto a turboshaft such that the impeller is deformed at its end walls so as to deform the inner wall of the hole of the impeller against the shaft such that the clearance between the shaft and the hole of the impeller is reduced to zero, thereby, preventing bending or offsetting of the shaft relative to the impeller. For causing the deformation of the shaft, washers with a circular projection are disposed on both sides of the impeller, with the projection facing the end walls of the impeller. The washers and the impeller are clamped by a nut which is screwed to the threaded end of the shaft, resulting in the projection being forced into the end wall of the impeller, thereby deforming the impeller.

Abstract: A gear wheel assembly in a gear transmission, in which a gear wheel mounted in position on a shaft is formed at its hub portion with an axial stepped bore, which includes a first inner spline portion of large diameter and a second inner spline portion of small diameter, and the shaft is formed axially in sequence with a cylindrical portion engaged with the second inner spline portion of the gear wheel with a press fit, a first outer spline portion slidably engaged with the first inner spline portion of the gear wheel, and a second outer spline portion engaged with the first inner spline portion of the gear wheel with a press fit.

Abstract: A rebar coupler for connecting reinforcing rods in end-to-end relation including a pair of hollow steel split pipe members having nuts welded thereto. The split pipe members are mounted on the ends of the reinforcing rods and bolted together. The split pipe members are annealed such that when bolted together the deformations on the outer surfaces of the rods embed themselves within the split pipe members to provide a very strong connection.

Abstract: A device for providing a high tensile, electrically insulated connection ween two sections of the lead wire of an overhead power line is disclosed. The device is suitable for use as a line separator or phase separator of a lead wire which supplies power to the current collector of a railway vehicle. The device comprises spaced parallel, glass-fiber reinforced plastic insulating rods, each of the ends of which are connected with metal rods of the same outside diameter, and which are arranged in a common plane with the lead wire sections. Two tubular traverses extend transversely to the insulating rods and are rigidly connected to the metal rods at the ends of the insulating rods. A cable system is provided for suspending the device from a support cable. Also disclosed is a method of connecting the plastic rods with the metal rods to form high tensile connections, the metal rods having an axial clamping channel and the method including progressive radial compression of the metal rods about the plastic rods.

Abstract: A drill steel and method of making a drill steel with an insert which provides a male insertion segment to form a joint with the female end of a drill steel. The insert is formed with a reduced end having an annular lip and can be utilized in a die forming process which forms the end of a drill steel around the insert in a one-step forming operation while at the same time enlarging the drill steel end to form a shoulder abutment.

Abstract: A fastening means for securing an annular first machine element against axial displacement on an annular second machine element, said second machine element having a shoulder against which the first machine element abuts and an annular groove spaced from said shoulder comprising a first ring member circumscribing the second machine element and having one axial end face confronting and abutting an axial end face of said first machine element and being formed to define an annular pocket, a second one-piece ring made of a deformable material which is initially sleeve-shape and is adapted to engage in the annular pocket and be deformed in a radial direction as a result of axially applied pressure during assembly into the annular pocket in such a way that a portion thereof engages in the annular groove in the second machine element to secure the two in place.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and a method are disclosed for extruding an improved type of small part of the type having a body portion (12) of extrudable material and a fixture (18, 20; 54, 56) of harder material captured at the surface of the body. A female die element (22, 24) is provided with a bore (26) which extends into a downwardly opening cavity (28) having a geometry corresponding to the desired geometry of the body portion of the part. A male die member (36) is positioned within the bore and includes at its lower end a threaded socket (50) or protrusion (52) for holding the fixture of harder material during extrusion. Thus, when a billet of extrudable material (48) is placed in the cavity and the male die member is moved downward, the material extrudes around a portion of the fixture held at the lower end of the male die element.

Abstract: Device for fastening a centrally recessed metal slug by slipping it over a projecting part of an assembly, including a collar or crown-like projection surrounding the central recess and extending from the slug in a direction in which the slug is to be slipped over the projecting part of the assembly, the surrounding projection being engageable with contact regions of the assembly adjacent the projecting part thereof after the slug has been slipped over the projecting part of the assembly, a region of the slug initially set back from the surrounding projection thereof being bringable over the travel path of the slug relative to the assembly, into contact with further contact regions of the assembly and, during mutual travel of the slug and the assembly, regions of the surrounding projection of the slug being shiftable radially inwardly so as to clutch and be clamped to the projecting part of the assembly.

Abstract: A hub and web assembly such as for a clutch plate or pulley half in which the outer component comprises a sleeve with a web and the inner component a hub. The inturned terminal end of the sleeve bears axially against a transverse shoulder to positively determine the relative axial position of the components. Also, a bead formed from the inner component is swaged against the opposite side of the inturned terminal end. The length of the serrations on the sleeve is shorter than the total length thereof. A cylindrical bearing surface on the end of the sleeve adjacent the actual web bears tightly against a corresponding cylindrical bearing surface on the hub remote from the transverse shoulder. This arrangement permits limited torsion of the web without loosening the mating serrations on the components.

Abstract: This relates to an annular seam between two tubular body portions. The seam is particularly adapted for joining open ends of two cup members to form a container. The seam incorporates a hem on one of the members with the hem facilitating the application of the adhesive required to bond the cup members together while at the same time permitting the same adhesive to engage raw edges of the cup members in sealing relation.

Abstract: A coupling for two tubes forcibly engaged one into the other, the two tubes being substantially of the same sections while the female tube is engaged into a sleeve or an opening whose diameter is little larger than the outside diameter of said tube. Thus, the female tube is crimped or banded in the sleeve or opening while the male tube is forced to contract. This assembly means may be used for making balustrades or ladders or assembling various members which are fixed with respect to the tubes or the ring.

Abstract: An integral plastic fastener for a plastic article in the form of a cylindrical lug extending from the article and a hollow core in the central portion of the lug, the length of the core being greater than the length of the lug, extending into the plastic article. The diameter of the lug preferably is the same along its length.

Abstract: An integral plastic fastener for a plastic article in the form of a cylindrical lug extending from the article and a hollow core in the central portion of the lug, the length of the core being greater than the length of the lug, extending into the plastic article. The core has a substantially square or triangular shape. The diameter of the lug preferably is the same along its length.

Abstract: A joining structure comprises a shaft made of metal and a disc of metal more reducible than the shaft. The shaft has arcuate walls defined by a basic circle, and a plurality of projections each projecting from the basic circle and extending along the axis of the basic circle. The projections are spaced from each other so that the arcuate walls are disposed all between the projections. The disc has a hole of the same diameter as the basic circle. The shaft is forcedly inserted into the hole of the disc so that the projections cut into the disc to be rigidly joined to the disc with high concentricity between the shaft and the hole.

Abstract: A shaft structure comprising a shaft and a hollow spherical shell having diametrically aligned holes which are of a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the shaft. The shell is secured to the shaft at the aligned holes by radially deforming the shaft. The method for manufacturing the shaft structure includes steps of forming the shell from a tubular blank by swaging the blank so that the opposite ends of the blank bite into the shaft to secure it firmly to the shaft.

Abstract: A structural joint for joining two elements, the first element having an elongate major tongue of malleable deformable material and in one embodiment an elongate minor tongue, the second element having a curled tab. The major and minor tongues define an elongate recess adapted to receive the curled tab on joint formation. The two elements are pressed together to press the curled tab of the second element into the recess between the minor and major tongues of the first element and to cause the minor tongue and the second element to mutually penetrate and deform each other. The major tongue is then deformed about the curled tab to form at least a portion of an encircling curl which contacts the curled tab's external surface. When the elements are so joined, the gap between the major and minor tongues is less than the width of the curled tab, thereby precluding removal of the curled tab from the encircling curl.

Abstract: A shelf building structure adapted for fast and easy shelf assembly, comprising a vertical stand for supporting one end of a horizontal shelf board. The stand has an opening into which the horizontal board is fitted. Variations of the stand utilize nails or screws for firmly locking the shelf board to the support. In other variations the stand includes intersliding members having opposing nail points for pinning the shelfboard between said members.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of joining the surfaces of two metal structures in a mechanical bond. The joining process can be performed in either art or vacuum. The metal surfaces of the structures 10 and 12 that are to be bonded are exposed to an ion beam 14 together with a target 18 of low sputtering yield material. This material deposits on the surfaces and creates sites of sputter resistance which evolve into peaks 20 of a cone like surface microstructure. The textured metal surfaces are arranged in face to face relationship and compressed together with plastic deformation which mechanically interlocks the cone 22. A large interface area is produced which minimizes thermal and electrical losses. Also, no electrical power or heat is required during metal joining.

Abstract: This invention discloses improvements to the connecting blocks for a kit for assembling toy-like configurations from blocks and solid sticks.The blocks are made in at least two pieces which have contacting surfaces. The one of the contacting surfaces is substantially smooth and the other has grooves therein. When assembled the grooves and adjacent surfaces of the two pieces form holes for the sticks to be inserted into.

Abstract: A first member (7) with a tapered spline (6) and a method of making same, which tapered spline (6) provides an improved backlash-free mating with a second member (10) having a conventional straight spline (9). The method of forming the spline (6) consists of distorting a first member (7) along its central axis (14), broaching the first member (7) to form a straight cylindrical spline, and returning the first member (7) to its undistorted condition whereby the straight spline becomes a tapered spline (6).

Abstract: An unbreakable sledge hammer handle includes a conventional, wood or other rigid lower handle portion and a wire rope connector for mounting the hammer head on the top end of the hammer. A pair of collars are fit on the opposite ends of the wire rope connector and secured thereto by applying extreme pressure to the collar which deforms and cold works the interior diameter to fill in the gaps between the wire segments. The sledge hammer head is provided with a cylindrical mounting aperture which is smaller in diameter than the outside diameter of the collar. The hammer head is subsequently heat shrunk onto the collar. The opposite end of the wire rope connector is secured to the wooden handle portion by a sleeve which extends a substantial length over the exterior of the handle portion. The sleeve is riveted to the wooden handle portion and spot welded to the collar.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a molded wheel and brake assembly. The molded wheel has a housing or hub with an axial bore therein with a first diameter and a smaller second diameter. The surface of the second diameter is finished in order to establish concentricity between that portion of the axial bore and the peripheral surface of the wheel. A cylindrical member is machined to establish a guide section separated from a knurled section by a relieved section on the peripheral surface thereof between a first end and a second end. The first end is positioned in the first diameter of the axial bore and a force applied to move the cylindrical member in the axial bore. The guide surface engages the second diameter to align the knurled section in the axial bore. On further movement of the cylindrical member, the knurled section broaches the hub to thereafter prevent rotative movement between a brake assembly located in the cylindrical member and the housing or hub.

Abstract: This invention discloses a kit for assembling light, airy, toy-like designs from blocks and solid sticks made of the same material throughout. The blocks preferably have tapered holes adapted to receive the sticks' ends therein. The holes and the sticks are adapted to compressively engage with one another upon insertion of selected ends of the sticks in the holes, thereby providing a secure grip by each hole's wall upon the end of the associated stick, locking it into the hole.

Abstract: A hydraulic shock absorber is disclosed of the type including a piston slidably mounted in a cylinder, with a metering sleeve defining variable area orifices utilized to produce variable resistance to movement of the piston in the cylinder. The shock absorber structure includes a piston having two piece construction with head and rod components brazed together into a unitary assembly, as well as a bearing sleeve retainer for the piston rod bearing formed in three separate pieces in order to provide relatively reduced manufacturing costs of these components over one piece construction.

Abstract: An earth ground assembly includes: a tubular driving point in the form of a sleeve; a drive rod fitting into the upper end of the sleeve and having an edge-shaped section which clamps a conductor wire against the inside of the sleeve, the upper end of the sleeve having an outwardly extending lip through which the conductor wire extends; and joint tubes arranged end-to-end to form an extension on the drive rod.

Abstract: A carburetor improvement for connecting a link (R) to a movable carburetor part (L3) so the connection is tamper resistant. A swivel (3) has a longitudinal bore (5) extending substantially therethrough and a transverse bore (7) through which the link extends. A clevis (13) comprises a pin (15) insertable through an opening (O) in the movable part. The pin has a head (17) and the diameter of the pin is equal to the diameter of the longitudinal bore in the swivel for the pin to be inserted into the bore. The end of the pin inserted thereinto has a generally U-shaped opening (19) at its end, the length of the opening being greater than the diameter of the link and the width of the opening being equal thereto. The inner end of the longitudinal bore has a decreasing diameter whereby the sidewalls (21) of the U-shaped portion of the pin are pinched together and press against the body of the link to capture the link in the swivel with sufficient force to prevent adjustment of the link.

Abstract: A connector plate combination for connecting wooden members comprising a connector plate and an underlying substantially imperforate reinforcement plate, said connector plate having a body portion and a plurality of teeth extending generally transversely outwardly from said body portion, the central portion of said body portion overlying said reinforcement plate, and a plurality of said teeth being forced through said substantially imperforate reinforcement plate.

Abstract: A drill steel and method of making the drill steel which includes a tube which is opened up at one end by a first punch strike after which a male insertion element with external indentations is mounted on a second punch and driven partially into the opened end of the drill steel while simultaneously striking the drill steel at the end to collapse the walls of the tube around the element and into the indentations to lock the element in the tube. The finished drill steel thus has a male end to insert telescopically into the end of a similar steel to provide necessary extension devices.

Abstract: A container and method of adhesive bonding of two telescopic container halves wherein each container half has a cylindrical body, the inner container portion being circumferentially loaded to temporarily reduce its diameter and being forced in centered relation to the outer portion into a bead of adhesive laid in the interior of the outer portion to coat the raw edge on the inner portion, the inner portion shearing through the adhesive without wiping it off from the interior of the inner portion and thereafter the hoop stress on the inner portion being relieved so it springs out and squeezes excess bonding material from between the inner and outer portion and thus obtains thin film adhesive bond with good stress shear characteristics while holding the film in compression therebetween during curing or setting of the adhesive.

Abstract: A pipe coupling for application to plain end pipe and pipe pile by a driving force. It provides much greater tensile strength than the double sleeve type of pipe coupling disclosed and claimed in my U.S. Pat. No. 4,053,247 in that it provides greater strength under tension. In one embodiment, a pair of tapered wedge rings are disposed in spaced coaxial relation within an outer cylindrical sleeve having corresponding tapered inner surfaces to provide tapered annular sockets into which pipe sections may be forced or driven to expand the diameter of the pipe. An annular shoulder on the sleeve forms the bottom of the annular sockets. Under tension, the tapered rings wedge the pipe against the outer sleeve to resist axial removal of the pipe from the coupling socket. In another embodiment, the tapered wedge rings are disposed in coaxial relation outside the cylindrical sleeve to form annular tapered sockets which serve to reduce the diameter of the pipe as it is driven into the socket.

Abstract: An impeller and shaft assembly includes an outwardly tapered socket 38 in the rear face of the impeller 12 and into which a frusto-conically shaped extremity 20 seats, the extremity circumferential wall having a plurality of axially extending grooves 42 alternating with intervening lands 44, the socket and extremity being dimensioned and configured so that in the finally seated relation of the parts the land plastically deforms the socket material which has a lower compressive yield strength than the extremity.

Abstract: A ball joint mounting structure for mounting a ball joint in one of two structural members to be joined together by the ball joint is disclosed. The mounting structure comprises self-caulking engaging means provided by the hollow cylindrical housing of the ball joint and on the cylindrical portion of said one structural member. As the housing is being press fitted into the cylindrical portion, at least one of the ball joint and member plastically deforms to thereby firmly secure the ball joint to the one member.

Abstract: A lock follower, particularly a handle or pressure follower, comprises a hub part consisting of a machined rod-like or tubular material and an arm part consisting of a punched sheet-metal material. The parts are rigidly joined together by flow of material from the arm part to a peripheral groove in the hub part. Preferably the hub part exhibits in the neighborhood of the groove a portion of smaller diameter than the main portion of the hub but of larger diameter than the hole for the hub part in the arm part. Said portion is pressed so far into the hole in the arm part while deforming the material defining the hole that the arm part abuts an abutment in the hub part. Further, the portion of the hub located between the peripheral groove and the abutment preferably has axially extending ridges around the periphery thereof to facilitate flow of material and rigidly securing the two parts together in both axial and circumferential direction.

Abstract: A first part formed of hard metal to be joined to a second part of soft or malleable metal has an end portion of reduced diameter which is machined in the junction zone between the normal portion and the end portion of the first part in such a manner that the junction profile is a surface of revolution about the axis of the assembly and forms a groove. The junction surface is defined by a first portion of conical surface having a vertex directed towards the first part and by a second portion of conical surface directed towards the first part, the junction between the two portions of conical surface being formed by a beaded edge. The two parts are placed in a press in order to insert the edge of the second part into the groove of the second part.

Abstract: A fixing device for mounting a sign to a post, the rear of the sign having a channel member with inturned lips. A strap around the post is connected to the channel by a pair of attachment members. Each member has a neck which extends through the channel mouth and an enlarged head which is retained within the channel by the lips. The neck part widens towards the head part to provide shoulders which bite into the channel lips when the strap is tightened, and thereby lock the device against movement along the channel.

Abstract: An assembly of a universal joint member and a shaft formed of fibre reinforced synthetic resin material is made by establishing an adhesive connection between the shaft and a connecting member, and subsequently welding the connecting member to the universal joint member. The connecting member may be adhered to the shaft by incorporating it in the structure of the shaft as the shaft is manufactured.

Abstract: A drive shaft of a fan coupling assembly includes a shaft member fixedly connected with a fan drive rotor, and a flange member fixedly connected with a fan pulley. The two members are separately formed into their predetermined configurations. The shaft member has a securing portion and a flange coaxially formed at one end thereof, while the flange member has a central bore including a plurality of radially outwardly recessed portions. After the flange member is fitted on the shaft member through the central bore thereof, the two members are fixedly secured to each other by a securing member, whereby an integral flanged shaft may be obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to power steering gears for vehicles and more particularly to a torsion bar for a power steering gear and new and improved connections between the torsion bar and components of the gear for improved gear assembly and operation.

Abstract: A novel attachment device is provided which can be used to secure two members together, such as a shelf and a support column, with a screw and nut and which does not require the use of a wrench to keep the nut from rotating during tightening of the screw with a screwdriver. A sheet metal shelf has a depending flange with a hole in a deformable region of sheet metal between two parallel vertical slots near the corner of the shelf. A shelf support column has a vertical U-shaped channel with a hole therein. To connect a shelf to a support column, the deformable region of the shelf flange is placed across the opening of the U-shaped channel in the support column with the holes in the flange and support column in alignment and then a screw is inserted therethrough. A nut is threadingly engaged on the screw to bear against one side of the deformable region of the shelf flange and to deform the region into the U-shaped channel of the support column.

Abstract: An improvement for the assembly of ground rods, comprising a fitting having two threaded portions, the first as a guide portion being adapted to receive an unthreaded ground rod and a threaded gripping portion adapted to grip the end of a rod through deformation of the threads when the rod is forceably inserted in the fitting. Conjointly usable therewith is a similarly threaded terminal fitting adapted to receive an electrical ground line and retain the same permanently in a contact position when the fitting is forceably driven on the rod.