Abstract: A construction for a retaining wall member utilizes a preformed channel in the member communicating through a slit formed between the channel and one face of the member for retention of a tieback utilized to affix the member to an underlying mass. The tieback may be retained by the mechanical interference between the walls of the slit and an enlarged portion of the tieback located within the channel. Alternatively, an interference rod may be inserted into the channel to retain the tieback.

Abstract: The wall according to the present invention comprises a gravity support structure with a plurality of compartments or cells which are filled with bulk-material and surrounded or subdivided by flat and flexible envelope material, and on one front side or on both opposite front sides of this gravity support structure a fore-part, preferably in the form of a supporting grid structure, which is positively or frictionally connected with said gravity support structure. Such combined wall structure can be used for slope supporting as well as for noise absorbing or partition purposes, in the latter cases e.g. in the form of a stand-alone structure. An essential function of the fore-parts is the protection of the front portions of the envelope material holding the bulk material filling against violation and solar irradiation. The stability of the combined wall is greatly enhanced by anchoring the fore-parts to the gravity support structure by means of comparatively inexpensive tensile elements.

Abstract: A concrete revetment is provided which is arcuate in horizontal cross section, and has end portions which are interconnected by a cordal member. The cordal member is adapted to be prestressed by a tension rod to place the cordal member in compressive stress and the arcuate portion of the revetment in tensile stress. The revetment is held in place by anchor means embedded in back-fill on the convex side of the arcuate revetment. A plurality of revetments may be arranged and interlocked horizontally and vertically to form a revetment wall.

Abstract: A method of constructing a stabilised earth structure under water comprises lowering a row of base units on to a site under water, lowering into a position immediately above said base units facing units to which are attached in a row elongate flexible reinforcements for stabilising the earth, the facing units being guided during lowering by rigid guide members connected to the base units, and backfilling the base and facing units with earth to cover the reinforcements. Each base unit comprises an elongate box and fluid concrete is introduced into the elongate box and allowed to harden to support the respective facing unit with its lower edge horizontal even if the base unit rests on a slope. Each guide member is connected to a respective elongate box so as to be adjustable to a vertical orientation.

Abstract: Erosion control apparatus for controlling erosion of a seashore comprising a plurality of interconnected, symmetrical lakeshore protection members. Each lakeshore protection members includes three equiangularly disposed, generally planar panels, each having one lateral edge portion integrally coupled to a hub. The lake shore protection member comprises hardened cast material having a unique reinforcing system embedded therein.

Abstract: A ground- or soil anchor is prepared and placed in the ground by drilling a bore hole at the chosen site by means of a drilling assembly which comprises an elongated tubular member which serves as drive shaft for the drill, which latter has tapering rear end and is designed to be pulled into the said tubular member, the leading end of which is split so that the parts thereof-on the drill being pulled into it-are spread apart and are eventually embedded in grout inserted into the bore hole.

Abstract: Process using a ground anchor (1) with a longitudinal hole (7), on which is fitted an interface device (12) comprising a cylinder containing a chamber connected to the said hole (7); a grout is pumped under pressure to the tip (6) of the hole in the ground; the cylinder is struck mechanically, and transmits the mechanical shock wave to the ground anchor. The grout injected is a liquid mix (L); the grout is injected by means of a pump (21) at a pressure greater than 20 MPa; the grouting pressure is sufficient to fragment the ground by means of the injected grout, and the cylinder is struck by a percussion/vibration hammer (2) at a frequency greater than 10 Hz.

Abstract: A method for rehabilitating an existing bulkhead located between a body of water and land is disclosed. The method includes the steps of installing a plurality of tiebacks attached directly to the existing bulkhead, and a new bulkhead facing is connected to the existing bulkhead which has been supported by the tiebacks. An alternate method includes the steps of installing a plurality of substantially vertical piles at horizontally spaced locations in front of, i.e. on the water side of, the existing bulkhead; connecting the vertical piles to the existing bulkhead; installing tiebacks through the existing bulkhead and into the land behind the existing bulkheads; and connecting the tiebacks to the vertical piles. In situations where use of piles and tiebacks alone are not sufficient to rehabilitate the bulkhead, a new bulkhead facing is installed in front of the existing bulkhead and connected to and supported by the piles and tieback supported existing bulkhead.

Abstract: A retaining wall anchoring system which includes a bracket assembly for mechanical removable positioning upon adjacent spaced retaining beams at a construction site. The bracket includes a first plate used for attachment to the beam and a body pivotally positioned therein on which a second plate is angularly positioned to present a square surface on which a rigid platform may be welded. The pivotal connection insures that the second plates can be positioned such that their receiving surfaces are in a common plane.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of installing a high-capacity tieback in coarse-grained soil. The method includes connecting a unitary hollow casing to a drill and inserting a prestressing steel tendon within the casing. A lost bit is affixed to one end of the casing. The drill and casing is positioned at the desired location of the tieback and the casing is inserted into the ground by rotating the casing with the drill. The bit is released and grout is pumped into the casing under high-pressure. Once the grout has reached the desired pressure, the casing is extracted by applying a high-torque of at least 12,000 ft.-lbs. to the casing with the drill which overcomes the frictional engagement between the grout and the casing, and by applying a pulling force with the drill.

Abstract: In this slope facing process, facing elements (4) are assembled in situ, their edges having means of jointing with adjacent elements; drainage (D) is provided over the whole height of the face (1) of an excavation between this face and the facing (R) of elements (4) behind which a void-filling material (B) is injected, consisting for example of lean mortar or a swelling material.

Abstract: The anchoring element has at least one anchor traction member 1 stressable against an abutment 3 and kept longitudinally movable in the ground by an envelope 5. An anchor body 6 is connected with this anchor traction member 1 at its end facing the bottom of the anchor bore. The anchor body 6 interacts with at least one pressure member 1' under pressure. This pressure member 1', cooperating with the surrounding compression body 2, is also extended, as a traction member 1' for tensioning against the abutment 3, up to the ground surface. The traction member 1' cooperating with the compression body 2 is this way used on one hand, for pressure, and on the other hand for traction.

Abstract: For the installation of an anchor member at a location below a water level through a retaining wall into a soil formation for supporting the wall, a drill mount is pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis on a retaining member secured to the wall. The drill mount can be pivoted between a drilling position inclined downwardly toward the wall and an upwardly extending loading position where the drill mount is accessible above the water level. A cable line secured to the drill mount pivots it between the drilling and loading positions. A drilling machine is displaceable on a sliding carriage along the drill mount. A drilling tool inserted into the drilling machine is used to drill an opening through the wall. Subsequently the drilling tool is replaced by a borehole pipe and the pipe is driven through the wall opening into the soil formation.

Abstract: A rolled metal strip for use in stabilized earth structures has at periodic intervals along its length thickened reinforcement regions formed during the rolling operation. The strip is cut into required lengths such that each strip length has an end reinforced region through which an aperture is then formed to receive a bolt passing through a bracket of a facing. The strip may include transverse ribs at intervals on both faces of the strip to assist engagement with the surrounding soil.

Abstract: The seawall extends along and retainingly engages the ground and at its top extends above the ground level and at its bottom is projected and anchored down into the ground, below the water level. The seawall includes a series of laterally aligned elongated corrugated bulkhead strips made from a plastic material. Each strip has along one side an undercut grooves edge and along its other side a similarly shaped tongue edge, with the tongue and groove edges of adjacent bulkhead strips interlocked. The strips are of such lightweight that each strip may be lifted and assembled manually relative to an adjacent anchored strip and driven into the ground and into lateral alignment with an adjacent strip and a longitudinal interlock. A cap overlies and is secured upon a bulkhead strip. Spaced anchor strips are embedded into the ground and spaced from the seawall and connected to corresponding bulkhead strips by a series of tie rods and flexible walers.

Abstract: The seawall extends along and retainingly engages the ground and at its top extends above the ground level and at its bottom is projected and anchored down into the ground, below the water level. The seawall includes a series of laterally aligned elongated corrugated bulkhead strips made from a plastic material. Each strip has along one side an undercut grooved edge and along its other side a similarly shaped tongue edge, with the tongue and groove edges of adjacent bulkhead strips interlocked. The strips are of such lightweight that each strip may be lifted and assembled manually relative to an adjacent anchored strip and driven into the ground and into lateral alignment with an adjacent strip and a longitudinal interlock. A cap overlies and is secured upon a bulkhead strip. Spaced anchor strips are embedded into the ground and spaced from the seawall and connected to corresponding bulkhead strips by a series of tie rods and flexible walers.

Abstract: A retaining system for an earthen formation is disclosed. The earthen formation is reinforced against slippage by embedding an array of anchor members within the formation. The face of the formation is defined by a plurality of the elongated panels stacked in a vertical arrangement. The anchor members are secured to the panels via a support bar. The support bar includes an array of holes through which the ends of the anchor members are received and upset to define a rivet head. The support bars are engaged between the upper and lower edges of the face panels to provide support and maintain vertical alignment of the face panels.

Abstract: An improved anchor wall includes a series of vertical caissons cast in place along a line defining the boundary of the wall. Soil is executed from one side of the line and anchor rods are used to attach the caissons to the remaining soil. Discrete panels are then stacked one upon the other and attached by a reinforced concrete rib to the vertical caissons.

Abstract: A face panel system for forming an exposed face on a fill structure employs a succession of precast reinforced concrete panels which act first as a restraining form and then as a permanent exposed face for the structure. In one embodiment, successively higher rows of panels are supported by strongbacks mounted to a lower row of panels and extending upward therefrom to act as temporary cantilevered supports for the next higher row. In this manner, horizontal forces exerted by the fill mass are transferred back to the mass. Another embodiment features an internal cantilever support structure embedded in the panels, which are coupled together with brackets extending therefrom.

Abstract: A tied back retaining wall structure is disclosed comprising channel-shaped sheet piles, a reinforcing bar matrix and a concrete wall encasing the matrix and filling the channels of the piles. The reinforcing bar matrix comprises an array of laterally disposed reinforcing bars which span the spaces between the piles. Headed studs welded to the piles insure a secure connection of the wall to the piles. A method of constructing such a wall is disclosed which comprises excavating downwardly in stages after installing sheet piling in the ground, erecting a reinforcing bar matrix and pouring or spraying concrete over the structure to form the finished wall.

Abstract: A ground anchor is composed of a number of components and is firmly held in position in the ground by its components being moved apart and firmly urged onto the wall of the cavity in which the ground anchor is positioned.

Abstract: An earth retaining wall system (10) which includes a frontal wall (22) formed of a plurality of hexagonally contoured frontal wall panel members (24) having predetermined spatial coordinate locations. A coupling mechanism (28) includes a plurality of longitudinally extending tension bar members (64 and 64') which pass in contiguous contact with a multiplicity of anchor block members (26 or 26') longitudinally displaced from frontal wall (22) and embedded within earth mass (18). Tension bar members (64 and 64') are fixedly secured to individual frontal wall panel members (24). The earth retaining wall system (10) provides for a stable structure to maintain an earth mass (18) in constrained relation behind frontal wall (22).

Abstract: A method of reinforcing or strengthening an existing earth supporting wall located between a body of water and land is disclosed, wherein the level of the earthen floor adjacent the wall is to be deepened or a portion of the wall has deteriorated. The wall has a first side facing a body of water, an opposite second side in contact with ground and a lower toe portion embedded in the earthen floor beneath the body of water. The method comprises the steps of: installing at least one tieback through the wall in an area adjacent the original level of the earthen floor or adjacent the deteriorated area to provide a stabilizing force to the wall.

Abstract: Man portable panels are utilized to provide slope protection to a watercourse, the panels being placed in vertical layers, and being secured in place by deadman elements buried in earth fill behind the panels. In one preferred embodiment the panels are made of weathering steel and are L-shaped in cross-section, and in a second preferred embodiment each panel is comprised of interlocked rectangular sections of extruded plastic.

Abstract: An internally stabilized earth wall is disclosed along with facing elements suitable for construction of that wall in a wet marine environment. The wall elements include footer panels and wall panels, each of which is provided with a pivotally attached planar array of reinforcing members. The reinforcing members are hingedly mounted so as to be lowered in a vertical plane to a substantially horizontal posture on top of a lift of particulate material. According to the method, the footer panels are suspended and properly positioned by a stationary crane while crushed stone is dumped into position beneath the footer so as to support it.

Abstract: The invention relates to a supporting fabric having a width of at least 30 cm, and preferably more than 2-5 m, and containing warp and weft yarns of a synthetic material, for bearing one or more layers of sand, gravel, stones, clay, loam or similar bulk or other material to a height of at least 10 cm, which height is in actual practice often 5-15 m. The yarns extending in the warp direction of the fabric are formed by straight warp yarns and binder warp yarns, the straight warp yarns each having a higher strength than the binder warp yarns.The invention also comprises a method for building a road embankment, a dike, a dam, or some other structure formed from bulk material, such as, for instance, sand, gravel or stones. In such a structure, one or more layers of supporting fabric are incorporated.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an earth-anchor or the like structural reference which is cast in cementatious filling at the installation site and which relies upon a particularly characterized bored cavity in the underground medium to permit primary reliance upon the confined compressive strength of the medium, thereby substantially increasing the load capacity of the reference, as compared to prior constructions. To achieve this result, the bored cavity is characterized by one or more wall surfaces of relatively uniform slope with respect to the axis of the bore, the slope being dependent upon the particular medium. The invention is described in application to a foundation pile or caisson, and to an earth anchor, to illustrate compressional and tensional uses.

Abstract: The ground anchorage means comprises a reinforcement combined with an adjacent injection tube furnished with sleeves acting as retention valves and a distensible sack intended to obturate the drilled hole. The fixing zone of the reinforcement is protected by an impervious envelope made of a rot-proof and anti-corrosive material in which the reinforcement is immersed in a hardenable material such as grouting cement. The free zone is immersed in an anti-corrosive product, which may be flexible in another envelope or sheath, the two envelopes being joined together by a sealing sleeve. Application, particularly for supporting walls.

Abstract: The invention relates in particular to a device for producing tie-rods anchored in the ground, which comprises a tubular protective element comprising a top part and a base part and provided on its base part with at least one injection aperture, and at least one element constituting a tie-rod situated inside the tubular element, wherein the part of the element constituting the tie-rod extending along the top part of the tubular element is surrounded by a protective casing, with lubricant inserted between the element constituting the tie-rod and the casing.

Abstract: A tied back retaining wall structure is disclosed comprising channel-shaped sheet piles, a reinforcing bar matrix and a concrete wall encasing the matrix and filling the channels of the piles. The reinforcing bar matrix comprises an array of laterally disposed reinforcing bars which span the spaces between the piles. Headed studs welded to the piles insure a secure connection of the wall to the piles. A method of constructing such a wall is disclosed which comprises excavating downwardly in stages after installing sheet piling in the ground, erecting a reinforcing bar matrix and pouring or spraying concrete over the structure to form the finished wall.

Abstract: An earth retaining system defining a tension loaded structure for positionally maintaining horizontal and vertically displaced loads. The tension loaded structure includes frontal walls having an elliptical contour which are fixedly secured to a wire mesh screen rear wall structure through tension rods passing therebetween. The frontal walls are fastened on opposing transverse edges thereof to vertically directed support members. Adjacent frontal walls are adapted to matingly engage one to the other through releasable interlocking edges. The arcuate contour of the frontal walls are designed to minimize bending moments that may occur due to horizontal or vertical loads applied to the structural system. The rear walls are aligned in a longitudinal direction with the frontal walls and are maintained in an elliptical contour similar to the frontal walls.

Abstract: A retaining structure for an earthen formation wherein spaced anchor members in the form of rock anchors or gridwork mats are embedded in the formation and wire retainers are secured between the anchor members. The retainers comprise primary retention rods secured to the anchors and secondary retention members secured to the rods to span the space between adjacent anchor members. In certain embodiments the anchors are provided with extensions to support form panels in spaced relationship to the secondary retention members and a concrete wall is formed in place between said panels and the secondary retention members.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for providing limited stresses for anchored bulkhead's elements. An automatic stress controlling device is positioned between front and rear steel bearing plates and comprises a brittle component such as concrete, adjacent a flexible core of lead. If the system experiences excessively high stress, the concrete breaks giving a visual indication of the condition, while the lead permits the device to yield. A strain gauge can also be electrically connected to a remote panel for monitoring.

Abstract: An expanding earth anchor assembly is disclosed for attaching cable means or the like conveniently employed in supporting utility, communication, or other above ground structures. Jaws attached to an anchor rod are expandable outwardly by rotation of the rod from above the surface of the ground when the jaws are inserted to a proper depth and at an appropriate angle in the soil. An important aspect of the invention resides in protection of the anchor rod assembly located below ground level, inasmuch as anchor rods buried in the ground are ordinarily subject to an accelerated rate of electrolytic corrosion, which is avoided through practice of the invention.

Abstract: A retaining wall comprised of stacked precast stretchers having stacking pads with oppositely disposed slots formed therein for the receipt of connectors. The connectors comprise plates interposed between the pads and pins secured to the plates for engagement with the slots. Anchor rods are secured to the plates for attachment to embedded anchors.

Abstract: An earth retaining wall formed by stacked, alternately staggered rows of spaced, nesting, chevron-shaped concrete blocks. Adjacent blocks in some rows are coupled together by connecting tubes extending into holes through the blocks, and elongated anchoring devices are connected to the tubes and extend horizontally into the earth. Alternatively, the anchoring devices may be concrete extensions integrally moulded with the blocks.

Abstract: A method for anchoring and straightening a wall which extends below the ground including the steps of forming a hole in the ground at a distance from the wall, forming an opening in the wall from one side of the wall at a level below the ground, driving a shaft through the opening in the wall until one end thereof extends into the hole in the ground, securing an anchoring device to the end of the member in the hole, attaching a wall plate to the other end of the shaft by threading a nut onto the other end of the shaft and tightening the nut so that the wall plate is forced against the wall to thereby straighten and anchor the wall.

Abstract: An earth tieback comprising a steel tendon rod anchoring a structure to the earth, the tendon rod having double corrosion protection provided first by a thin hard coating of corrosion resistant plastic throughout its length and second by concrete grout over the anchor zone of the rod and by a heat shrunk plastic tube tightly encapsulating the unbonded zone of the rod.

Abstract: A structure for stablizing an earth mass, particularly an embankment. The structure includes elongated reinforcement members having transverse ribs for enhancing frictional engagement with the adjacent earth. The structure also includes skin or facing elements with brackets for connecting the reinforcement members to the skin elements. The connection between the brackets and the reinforcement members is arranged to minimize the effects of corrosion.