Abstract: A method and apparatus for placing cementitious material into an excavation using a mobile unit having an extendable flexible hose mounted on a power driven hose reel. Cementitious material is pumped through the hose and out the hose end into an excavation as the flexible hose is reeled out of the excavation. A weight at the end of the hose keeps the end of the hose from jetting itself about during the pumping operations. An extendable hose boom positions the end of hose over an excavation and directs the hose into the excavation and out during pumping.

Abstract: A retaining wall construction is comprised of a first portion which includes compacted granular fill defining a three dimensional earthenwork bulk form including a plurality of tensile members dispersed within that bulk form to enhance the coherency of the mass. The tensile members project from the bulk form and are connected to a second component portion which defines a face construction. The face construction is comprised of a plurality of facing panels connected to tensile members with concrete layers enveloping the connection between the facing panels and the tensile members.

Abstract: A lightweight, pre-cast, reinforced, module used to build a structurally engineered retaining wall system. Each module has a panel with a front and rear surface with at least one horizontal reinforcing rod. In the preferred embodiment, a portion of each rod horizontal transverse an integrally attached flange located at each opposite end of the panel. On the outside surface of each flange, there is a recess across which a portion of each reinforcing rod is exposed to be subsequently surrounded by concrete of a poured-in-place reinforced column. A horizontal row of adjacent modules is positioned on a constructed, reinforced footing. The front surface of each module is exposed and each flange is positioned opposite to a flange located on an adjacent module with a column space created between opposite flanges. Alignment elements are attached to the upper surface of each flange and successive horizontal rows of modules are then positioned above until the desired height is achieved.

Abstract: A replacement earth retaining wall and a method for modifying, repairing, or replacing an existing earth retaining wall is disclosed. The replacement wall includes a reinforced concrete facing, and soil nails or tiebacks with specially fabricated anchorhead assemblies. The structure includes a concrete panel cast adjacent the face of an existing retaining wall such as a corrugated bin type wall. Tiebacks or soil nails are installed through the existing wall and are encased in the reinforced concrete panel. During construction, tiebacks, where used, are installed through the existing wall and are tensioned against the front face of the existing wall before the concrete panel is cast. The concrete panel is supported by and encases the anchorhead assemblies and covers the outer face of the existing wall. The anchorhead assembly includes a load distribution member, a tube, and tension studs extending from the load distribution member.

Abstract: A method and structure for shoring a generally vertical face of an excavation, wherein the face and adjacent ground are defined by soft shale or rock, or stiff soil, is disclosed. A plurality of relatively small diameter, relatively closely spaced and generally vertical holes are drilled into the ground adjacent a plane defining the face. Vertical rods are grouted in the holes to form generally vertical columns. Horizontal bars, and preferably, also tiebacks are inserted into the face and ground in a substantially horizontal direction as the excavation proceeds. The bars and tiebacks are connected to the columns.

Abstract: A retaining wall comprises a facing, a counterfort connected to the rear of the facing, a footing supporting the facing and the counterfort, backfill behind the facing to provide a support surface for traffic, and a traffic barrier along the top of the wall. The counterfort comprises a reinforced concrete slab having a substantially vertical front portion at right angles to a base portion, and a rear portion running from substantially the top of the counterfort to the rear of the base portion thereof, the angle between the rear portion and the front portion being smaller in the vicinity of the top of the counterfort than in the vicinity of the base. The counterfort and the traffic barrier are connected to each other such that impact loads on the traffic barrier are transferred directly to the footing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for widening roadways. The process starts with digging a trench of adequate depth in the slope of the embankment of the existing roadway at a distance corresponding to the widening. A wall is then built in the trench by means of prefabricated elements or by on-site casting, and is subsequently anchored to the road embankment by means of tension elements. The wall rises substantially to the level of the roadway so as to define a channel which is then filled with stabilized material, on which the road paving is completed up to the wall.

Abstract: An erosion control system is disclosed which includes a seawall for protecting dunes or bluffs located adjacent a body of water. The seaward side of the seawall is notched or concave to direct incoming waves upwardly and outwardly, away from the base of the seawall and the bluff. The landward side is also notched or concave. This side is backfilled with soil which acts on the back surfaces of the seawall to lock the seawall into place. The erosion control system also includes a drain field that is installed below the bluff, behind the seawall. The drain field is in communication with the body of water via pipes extending through the seawall. The drain removes water from the bluff, thus decreasing the hydrostatic pressures within the bluff. This stabilizes the bluff itself and the seawall by decreasing the forces associated with hydrostatic pressure.

Abstract: A retaining wall for earth and similar material has its front face formed by a series of prefabricated reinforced-concrete panels. In use, the prefabricated panels are arranged vertically in side-by-side relation and rest on a concrete footing cast in situ. The prefabricated panels are rigidly connected to a concrete anchor bed cast during the course of construction and which extends away from the prefabricated panels towards the earth to be retained. The said concrete anchoring bed is disposed at a level higher than the base of said panels and is spaced from the latter by a distance of between 1/5 and 1/2 of the total height of the said panels.

Abstract: A retaining wall for an earthen formation comprising a plurality of soil reinforcing mats and a cantilevered face which is anchored in place at the foot of the formation. The mats are embedded in the formation at vertically spaced levels and secured to the face. In the preferred embodiment the face is in situ formed concrete and the mats comprise welded wire trays with end portions cast in place within the face.

Abstract: A tied back retaining wall structure is disclosed comprising channel-shaped sheet piles, a reinforcing bar matrix and a concrete wall encasing the matrix and filling the channels of the piles. The reinforcing bar matrix comprises an array of laterally disposed reinforcing bars which span the spaces between the piles. Headed studs welded to the piles insure a secure connection of the wall to the piles. A method of constructing such a wall is disclosed which comprises excavating downwardly in stages after installing sheet piling in the ground, erecting a reinforcing bar matrix and pouring or spraying concrete over the structure to form the finished wall.

Abstract: Method of pouring a concrete wall panel directly in the ground, into which two concrete bars (1 and 2) are poured at an interval in such a way that the axis of the future wall will intersect their midpoint at a right angle, characterized by digging a trench extending through the bars, by positioning in the trench a reinforcement (13) with a transverse partition (9) generally along the axis of each bar, and by pouring a concrete panel in the trench between the two transverse partitions.

Abstract: A trench wall section having a finished exposed surface and a method for constructing such a trench wall section involves excavating a trench and simultaneously filling it with shore-up fluid, inserting into the trench a pair of spaced apart vertical partition elements having guide grooves thereon, engaging the ends of a prefabricated plate with the guide grooves and guiding the plate downward into the trench between the vertical partition elements at the side of the trench wall which is later to be exposed by removing the soil, introducing in-situ concrete into the space between the plate and the other side of the trench and between the vertical partition elements and thereby displacing the shore-up fluid, allowing the in-situ concrete to harden into a body which adheres to the plate and to the vertical partition elements, and removing the soil to expose the plate, the associated vertical partition elements and the concrete body which are joined together to form the trench wall section.

Abstract: An earthen formation is retained by welded wire trays embedded in the formation to effect its reinforcement. A concrete face panel is cast in place at the face of the formation and reinforced by upturned ends on the trays.

Abstract: A rigid face member is held in place at the face of an earthen formation by anchor elements embedded within the formation. Deformable sections are incorporated into the anchor elements adjacent the face member to permit the anchor elements to move with the formation in the event of earthquake or settling, while maintaining the face member in place.

Abstract: A retaining structure for an earthen formation wherein spaced anchor members in the form of rock anchors or gridwork mats are embedded in the formation and wire retainers are secured between the anchor members. The retainers comprise primary retention rods secured to the anchors and secondary retention members secured to the rods to span the space between adjacent anchor members. In certain embodiments the anchors are provided with extensions to support form panels in spaced relationship to the secondary retention members and a concrete wall is formed in place between said panels and the secondary retention members.

Abstract: The downstream side of earthen dams is provided with relatively non-erodable reticulate reinforcement so that whenever the upstream water level has exceeded dam overtopping level, the reticulately reinforced dam will resist the forces of overtopping water flow and reduce the likelihood of dam breaching and consequent valley floods. Methods of internally reticulately reinforcing existant earthen dams with a plurality of transversely extending concrete check-walls and longitudinally extending embedded concrete spacer-walls are also disclosed.

Abstract: A concrete water retaining wall is formed by driving a plurality of concrete cylinder piles into the earth in closely spaced relationship along a line. Thereafter, elongated tubular flexible bags are inserted down into the spaces between adjacent cylinder piles and a cementitious hardenable material, such as grout, is pumped into the bags to expand them and to form a filler having an hourglass shaped cross section which interlocks with and forms a seal between adjacent piles.

Abstract: An elongate concrete element is adjustably secured to the top of a retaining wall to provide a cap which may be adjusted for elevation and inclination relative to the wall. The element is provided with a skirt which extends over the side of the wall to span the space between the element and the wall. The element provides a forming surface against which a cementitious material, such as a concrete roadway, may be poured. The forming surface and skirt prevent the cementitious material from passing through or over the wall. The element also provides a screeding edge for the cementitious material.

Abstract: In forming holes in the earth, a circular frame of columns supported by structural members is placed in the earth to provide lateral support for the side walls of the hole while the hole is being excavated and after the hole is excavated. The structural members are generally concentric with the circle formed by the columns and, in reaction to the compressive forces of the earth acting on the columns, compressed between at least two columns. The method is specially adapted for use in forming holes in loose soils.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for forming borders and the like around garden areas, the apparatus comprising cardboard sheets having scribed thereon three bending folds, each bending fold extending longitudinally along the surface of the cardboard sheet. More specifically a center fold bisects longitudinally elongate rectangular cardboard pieces, the center fold having formed laterally adjacent thereto two side folds. In use the cardboard piece is bent to form a V-section with the side folds being bent over to form vertical surfaces on either edge of the "V". These surfaces are then joined by various fastening devices and the cardboard structure is inserted into the ground and filled with cement or precast concrete blocks.

Abstract: A method for constructing a soil structure comprising a step of disposing reinforcements into a ground to thereby unify the soil structure by the friction force caused between the reinforcements and soil particles, said reinforcements being principally of rigid structure which possess a property of flexibility at the time of at least the disposition of said reinforcements to accommodate the same to any displacements of soil, the friction force being caused between said rigid structures and said soil particles, to thereby unify the soil structure.