Abstract: A system for warning of excess water saturation of a root ball includes a lateral network of perforated tubing located below the root ball in a planting pit, connected to vertical tubing containing a shaft and bladder, the shaft's height indicating the water level within the soil of the planting pit. The system may indicate the historical water level and the real-time water level. The system may also contain a sump and may be configured to measure and calculate the percolation rate of the soil.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring conditions in a crawl space is provided. The system generally comprises at least one sensor, computing device, data aggregator operably connected to the at least one sensor, processor operably connected to the computing device, power supply, and non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled to the processor and having instructions stored thereon. The system is designed to collect condition data via the at least one sensor and determine whether the conditions within the crawl space could have a detrimental impact on the building. In particular, the system is designed to monitor settling of a building over time and alert a user if the settling exceeds a predefined threshold.

Abstract: An underground water storage system is installed with directional drilling techniques to dispose water conveying conduits within an aquifer. By conducting a pre-installation investigation of the aquifer, the conduits may be placed within the aquifer to increase the flow efficiency into the aquifer, such as orienting the position of the conduits to coincide with the orientation of the aquifer. The invention may have a system for preventing water invasion into the near surface soil layers, thereby preventing water instrusion which may be detrimental to desired surface uses for the land, such as agricultural, recreational, residential or commercial uses.

Abstract: A gravity irrigation system includes a distribution piping having apertures to distribute water to a field, and a valve located upstream of the distribution piping. The valve limits a pressure of the water being delivered to the distribution piping. The system also includes a sump to receive the water at a lowest elevation of the field, a depth sensor disposed within the sump, and a return pump disposed at least partially within the sump to move the water to an elevated portion of the field. The system also includes a motor to drive the return pump, and a power source coupled to a variable frequency drive that powers the motor and controls a motor speed proportionately to an indication of the depth sensor. The system also includes a transfer piping to bring the water from the return pump to a check valve and to the distribution piping.

Abstract: A sprayer system for spraying water, onto and for absorption by, a surrounding area, such as used in wastewater treatment. The sprayer system includes a substantially vertical tubular housing extending from a well base to a distal end from which water communicated to the sprayer system is discharged. The tubular housing includes an inner tubular casing slidably supporting a piston assembly which is movable from the well base to the distal end in response to water communicated from a source to the well base. The piston assembly includes a primary check valve that is biased into engagement with an associated seat and includes a spray nozzle located downstream of the main check valve. When water from the source is applied to an effective pressure area on the piston assembly, an upwardly directed force is applied to the piston assembly when water is delivered to the well base.

Abstract: A heat delivery system for agricultural applications, the system including: piping including alternate heat insulated segments and heat transferring segments, the piping being configured with a fluid flow path extending through the alternating heat insulated segments and heat transferring segments; and a fluid propelling arrangement configured for motivating flow of heat accommodating fluid within the fluid flow path.

Abstract: A method for drip irrigation includes providing water from a first main line to at least one feeder line. The at least one feeder line extends along a plurality of segments in a field, including a first end segment nearest the first main line and an adjacent segment which is adjacent to the first end segment further away from the main line. At least one dripper is disposed on the at least one feeder line for each of the segments. Water is delivered by a first pressure from the first main line to the first end segment, the first pressure being insufficient to deliver water from the first main line to the adjacent segment. Water is delivered by a second pressure from the first main line to the first end segment and to the adjacent segment, the second pressure being greater than the first pressure.

Abstract: Device (1) for closed systems for equalization of pressure surges, having an outlet nozzle (2), on which an impact plate (3) is provided and a hinged cover (4) is mounted pivotably, wherein the hinged cover (4) lies in a rest position (5) on the outlet nozzle (2) and in an open position (6) bears on the impact plate (3), wherein at least one holding-closed device (7) is provided, which presses the hinged cover (4) in the rest position (5) against the outlet nozzle (2) and in the case of a pressure surge releases the hinged cover (4), wherein the device has a control unit (8) that controls the holding-closed device (7).

Abstract: An aerification system for controlling moisture content and gas exchange below a surface of one or more plant growing areas includes at least first and second sub-systems installed below the surface of the one or more plant growing areas. The first and second sub-systems each having a water permeable layer overlying a respective water impermeable layer, where the water impermeable layer defines a respective boundary of each of the first and second sub-systems. The system also includes at least one conduit connecting the water permeable layer of the first sub-system to the water permeable layer of the second sub-system, and at least one pumping system for pumping water therebetween. The pumping system is configured to alternate between pumping water to the first sub-system and the second sub-system in order to periodically raise and lower a water level in the water permeable layer of each of the first and second sub-systems.

Abstract: A turf management system includes a wireless receiver that is configured to receive respective wireless signals comprising sensor data from wireless sensors positioned in a soil profile at respective depths below a green surface. A control circuit is coupled to the wireless receiver and is configured to determine soil profile conditions at the respective depths below the green surface responsive to the sensor data. The control circuit is coupled to a subsoil environmental control mechanism and is configured to automatically control operation of the subsoil environmental control mechanism responsive to the soil profile conditions at the respective depths below the green surface. The subsoil environmental control mechanism may include an airflow mechanism that is configured to alter airflow below the green surface, and/or a hydronic mechanism that is configured to circulate fluid through a hydronic tubing network below the green surface.

Abstract: A system and process for filtering air by removing pollutants from the air with living plants. The system includes an enclosure, a wall within the enclosure on which living plants are supported and grow in one or more horizontal plant beds defining vertical tiers along the wall, an irrigation system for watering the plants, and a lighting system for simulating sunlight. Air moving through the enclosure flows adjacent leaves of the plants, through a growth media in the plant bed, and then out of the enclosure.

Abstract: A sub-irrigation system includes a special water distribution assembly that is able to rapidly disperse water underneath a court surface. The system has a water distribution assembly with a water channel and permeable fabric covering. The system also includes an electronic control system to monitor and maintain a desired moisture content of a court. Inevitable variations resulting from manual and gravity fed water control only are moderated or eliminated by the automatic control herein.

Abstract: A system for controlling a moisture content below a surface area, where the system is installable in a recess above which the surface area will be located. The system comprises a substantially water impermeable first layer, a porous second layer and a water control basin which comprises means for controlling a moisture level of the porous second layer. The system enables liquid from the water control basin to be transported through the second layer by utilization of capillary forces, providing for an efficient sub-surface irrigation system which is easy to maintain. A method for providing such an irrigation system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the creation of subsurface water management systems that place subsurface drainage lines at a consistent grade and within defined elevation bounds throughout a field with topographical undulation and inconsistent slopes, incorporate control weirs for dividing the subsurface into elevation and acreage zones, place and size surface to subsurface, size and determine inside surface of drainage mains and laterals according to the desired coefficient of the subsurface system, and determine the amount of water required at irrigation inlets in order to deliver a determined amount of water into the subsurface system for purposes of irrigation.

Abstract: In some examples, a method is described that may include determining, by a computing device, from a service level agreement (SLA) with a user, an upper limit on computer resources in a cloud computing environment that can be consumed per unit time by at least one application executed for the user in the cloud computing environment. The method may also include charging a fixed cost per period under the SLA.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material.

Abstract: A system for automating the growing of crops, such as grapevines. Combinations of data from sensors local to a vineyard, and from optional remote stations and sensors, is combined with a control system to accurately control the dispensing of water and chemicals such as insecticides, disease prevention fungicides and fertilizers. The materials are dispensed through a multiple channel conduit which allows conflicting, or incompatible, types of materials to be transported through a common assembly. Sensors are attached to the conduit so that the placement of sensors can occur simultaneously with the laying of the conduit. This approach also ensures correct placement and spacing of the sensors with respect to each plant, or plant area, to be monitored and treated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for controlling the flow of fluid in oil and/or gas production, involving a control device or an autonomous valve (2) operating by the Bernoulli principle and comprising a moveable disk or body (9) provided within a housing (4) for opening and closing said valve (2), involving use of a material (24) within the valve (2) that changes its properties as to shape and/or volume and/or elastic modulus when exposed to a chemical substance contained in the flow of fluid and thus altering said flow of fluid.

Abstract: It comprises at least one first lower main deposit (1) arranged at a lower level and at least one second upper main deposit (2) arranged at an upper level, both containing polluted water to be purified, while at the same time the bottom of the large area main deposits (1-2) are communicated with each other through at least one intermediate pipe (3) through which the polluted water is circulated in both directions successively and alternatively under turbulent regime. From the bottom of the main deposits (1-2) the pollutants will be removed or purged to a cavity (9) that receives part of the water together with a high concentration of pollutants decanted and precipitated at the bottom of said main deposits (1-2), said pollutants being treated and separated in that cavity (9).

Abstract: A fluid flow regulator adapted to be inserted into a conduit and inflated to form a leak tight sealing contact with the interior wall of the conduit. The fluid flow regulator includes a toroidal inflatable member mounted on a cylindrical annular mount which attaches to a flow-through pipe. The fluid flow regulator also includes a fluid flow control valve within the inner portion of the toroidal inflatable member which can be opened and closed to control the flow of fluid from the reservoir through the conduit.

Abstract: A structural cell system is disclosed for supporting hardscape areas in a way that enables tree root growth and accommodates filtering, retention, storage and infiltration of storm water while preventing hardscape damage. The system includes a plurality of structural cells capable of being positioned below a hardscape. The structural cells are designed to have openings that are sized to accept tree roots. The system has one or more permeable barriers around the structural cells with a way for water to flow into the plurality of structural cells flow out of the structural cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing watering or non-watering of a specific area of soil through a first plurality of irrigation valves (42). Specific irrigation parameters are measured at the specific area of soil through a second plurality of field sensors (54). A controller unit (30) is interconnected to a third plurality of control units (18). Each control unit is connected to a specific irrigation valve and/or a specific field sensor. A type declaration providing communication under a second communication protocol is transmitted from the controller unit to the third plurality of control units using a first communications protocol. A second set of instructions are transmitted from the controller unit to the third plurality of control units using a second communications protocol. A first set of instructions are transmitted from the controller unit to the third plurality of control units using the first communications protocol.

Abstract: An irrigation device comprising a moisture responsive barrier is provided. At least a portion of the barrier has perforations, at least some of the perforations are associated with a water swellable material. The perforations are configured to open as the water swellable material loses moisture and dries out and are configured to close as said water swellable material is exposed to and absorbs water, such as during a watering step.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a soil moisture sensor for interrupting an irrigation schedule of an irrigation controller. The moisture sensor comprises a relatively flat body with two lower electrodes and two lower anchoring barbs. A receiver receives moisture readings from the sensor and compares moisture data to a predetermined moisture interrupt value or limit, over which irrigation is interrupted.

Abstract: A moisture responsive device is described having a moisture responsive element comprising at least a moisture responsive formation of a first material in association with a less moisture responsive formation of a second material, in that the first material has a greater tendency to absorb moisture and to increase in volume as a result than the second material, the two formations being so mechanically arranged together that such swelling tends to cause mechanical deformation of the moisture responsive element; and an actuation member optionally of flexibly resilient material in mechanical association with the moisture responsive element so that distortion of the moisture responsive element in the presence of moisture tends to mechanically distort the actuation member and thereby cause the actuation member to change between at least a first functional state and a second functional state. A method of use, especially in irrigation control, is also described.

Abstract: An irrigation system for irrigating a plant having a root comprises: a valve to begin irrigation from a water source at a first time-point; a moisture sensor to sense moisture at a second, subsequent, time-point, said moisture sensor being located underground at an insertion depth between ground surface and a maximum depth of the root; a water drainage speed calculator to calculate a water drainage speed based on the first time-point, the second time-point, and the insertion depth of the moisture sensor; and a target drainage time calculator to calculate a remaining time for irrigation, based on the calculated water drainage speed and further based on a difference between the insertion depth and the maximum depth of the root.

Abstract: A watering mat is provided for the large-area distribution of water, particularly in horticulture and landscaping as well as agriculture. The watering mat includes a first and a second carrier layer to accommodate other elements of the watering mat, one or more connections for connecting the first and the second carrier layers, one or more water-feeding elements arranged between the first and the second carrier layers for feeding water into the watering mat and distributing water through the watering mat, an absorption layer for water storage arranged between the first and the second carrier layers and a moisture level detector in the watering mat.

Abstract: Brine disposal systems are configured to receive brine from a brine source and to passively collect seawater from a nearby ocean during high tide using one or more tidal forces. Tidal movements during high tide, low tide, or both may be used to mix and thereby dilute the brine with the seawater. The mixture of seawater and brine is then passively discharged into the ocean during low tide using the tidal force, thereby minimizing the impacts on the marine ecosystem.

Abstract: In a water storage system with water conduits, water pumps, drain valves, discharge valves, for storing a first volume of water, a method of maximizing water availability monitors a second volume of water within the system. Data regarding forecasted precipitation predicted to occur at some point in the future, including a predicted duration, intensity and volume are received and an expected time-dependent volume of water to be added to the system during the forecasted precipitation is estimated. If at least one of: a first sum of the predicted volume and the second volume and a second sum of the expected time-dependent volume and the second volume is greater than the first volume then the water pumps, drain valves, and discharge valves are controlled to discharge water until each of the first and second sums is not greater than the first volume.

Abstract: A irrigation interrupter is disclosed herein. The irrigation interrupter learns the watering patterns established by an irrigation controller and takes action to intelligently limit watering based on knowledge of time, temperature and soil moisture. The interrupter learns the watering pattern of the controller by monitoring behavior over a set period (two weeks), and mapping the start and duration of each zone's irrigation. A default profile is preferably set to enable users to ignore a setting and only adjust it after observing overall plant results.

Abstract: An irrigation device comprising a moisture responsive barrier is provided. At least a portion of the barrier has perforations, at least some of the perforations are associated with a water swellable material. The perforations are configured to open as the water swellable material loses moisture and dries out and are configured to close as said water swellable material is exposed to and absorbs water, such as during a watering step.

Abstract: An irrigation system for irrigating a plant having a root comprises: a valve to begin irrigation from a water source at a first time-point; a moisture sensor to sense moisture at a second, subsequent, time-point, said moisture sensor being located underground at an insertion depth between ground surface and a maximum depth of the root; a water drainage speed calculator to calculate a water drainage speed based on the first time-point, the second time-point, and the insertion depth of the moisture sensor; and a target drainage time calculator to calculate a remaining time for irrigation, based on the calculated water drainage speed and further based on a difference between the insertion depth and the maximum depth of the root.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ejection chip for an inkjet printhead that includes at least one fluid via configured on the ejection chip for supplying fluid to one or more ejecting elements of the ejection chip. Each fluid via of the at least one fluid via includes a plurality of end-to-end coupled segments. Each segment of the plurality of end-to-end coupled segments is aligned at a skew angle with a consecutive segment. Further, the ejection chip includes a plurality of nozzles configured along a length of the each segment of the plurality of end-to-end coupled segments with a first nozzle spatial density. The configuration of the plurality of nozzles facilitates in achieving a predetermined print resolution with the first nozzle spatial density.

Abstract: A groundwater control system and method for regulating the level of groundwater in an agricultural field according to selected criteria including a drainage tile line having a water flow regulator that is computer controlled through a communications link in response to the selected criteria to provide a water table profile for the field.

Abstract: A groundwater control system and method for regulating the level of groundwater in an agricultural field according to selected criteria concerning the purity of the groundwater including a drainage tile line having a water flow regulator that is computer controlled through a communications link in response to the selected criteria.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlled release of water for plants includes a chamber; a damper that allows the water into the chamber; and a float having a drain tube. The float is adapted to rise with the water level in the chamber to a predetermined upper level, sink, and substantially release the water through the drain tube. The chamber is positioned inside or adjacent to a grow bed. Water from a fish tank may be pumped into the grow bed through a conduit in the chamber, and the apparatus periodically drains a measured amount of water back to the fish tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-storing and water-cleaning system. Said system is designed in such a manner that it can be used irrespective of location. It is used, inter alia, in agriculture, in horticulture and in reforestation. Said system comprises a reservoir (2) that is filled with a porous material (3), into which the water is seeped. In order to displace the seepage path, the reservoir (2) contains at least one barrier layer (5) made of a water-impermeable material, that separates the two layers made of the porous material (3) and comprises an outlet (6) for connecting the layers.

Abstract: A combined water management and communication system for a water provider wirelessly communicating with selected ones of the multiplicity of user wireless transceiver for changing water distribution to selective ones of the multiplicity of independent users upon an undesired water flow characteristic within the water distribution channels. The multiplicity of user wireless transceivers communicating with proximate user wireless transceivers for forming a network for communicating information to a third party wireless transceiver unrelated to liquid flow. The invention is also incorporated into a remote controlled solar operated wireless irrigation valve. The invention is further incorporated into an improved water management irrigation system incorporating an adaptive weather based controller that is adjusted by a weather based sensor base controller.

Abstract: A wireless sensor probe for use in environmental monitoring and control includes a separable probe body and sensor mast. The probe body includes a void configured to house the sensor mast including one or more sensor devices for sensing a soil property surrounding the probe body when the probe body is inserted partially into the ground. The probe body includes a probe top part for encapsulating the probe body and the sensor mast. The sensor mast is inserted into the probe body to form the sensor probe. In another embodiment, a wireless sensor probe includes a housing containing one or more sensor devices. The probe further includes a collar situated near a top portion of the housing being used to anchor the housing to the top of the ground and a gasket formed on the outside perimeter of the housing for securing the housing in the ground.

Abstract: A sewer backup alarm and overflow prevention device eliminates raw sewage spills by preventing pressure buildup in sewer drains. One or more sewage level sensors may be coupled to an alarm and/or to an automatic water main shut-off valve. The level sensor may detect excess fluid levels in a sewer lateral line. The sewer backup alarm and overflow prevention device may include a joggle which is a component of a non-mechanical backflow prevention device. The level sensor may detect fluid levels in the lower portion of the joggle and activate the automatic water main shut-off valve and/or the alarm. The sewer backup alarm and overflow prevention device may include at least one two-way, in-line cleanout tube which may extend vertically upwardly from the joggle. The level sensor may be mounted in the vertical cleanout tube. The components may be contained within a seamless polyethylene vault for ease of installation and protection against root intrusion.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a system for recycling and reusing water from sprinkler systems to water or irrigate a yard or an area of land. The system includes a water reclamation tank that stores water captured from beneath the area of land. When it is time to water the area of land, the sprinkler system draws water from the water reclamation tank. A portion of this water is then recaptured and supplied back to the water reclamation tank for further storage until the next time the sprinkler system is activated. This cyclical process occurs repeatedly and enables a significant reduction in the amount of freshly supplied water used to maintain the area of land.

Abstract: A system and a method of computer controlled irrigation and fertigation composed of one or more sensors positioned in order to quantify the amount of water and/or nutrients that a plant is consuming. By controlling the fertigation, the plant or a part thereof, has improved yield and quality.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling drainage/irrigation of a field includes laying out a network of spaced, interconnected water level-responsive valves coupled to drainage tiles, which typically may include a main line and a number of lateral lines, extending from higher elevations to lower elevations and exiting through a manually controlled main valve to a drainage ditch. When the water level adjacent a valve is below a predetermined level, the valve is open allowing water to flow down to the lowest level. As the ambient water level in the soil rises, the valve's float also rises, causing the valve to close when the water reaches a predetermined level and producing a “terracing” effect wherein the rising water is sequentially stored at increasingly higher elevations for irrigating these elevated areas. Overflow conduits associated with each valve allow water to discharge into the drainage ditch when the sub-surface water level is too high.

Abstract: An apparatus for a variable volume drain field for onsite wastewater renovation. The system includes at least one module having a weir-type inlet and a one-way flow control device. The modules displace and store wastewater, and allow for differential release of the stored wastewater. The inlet is positioned adjacent the top of the module and the one-way flow control device is adjacent the bottom. In one embodiment, the module includes a pipe with caps having the inlet and one-way flow control device. In another embodiment, the module includes a container and a lid. The container includes the inlet and a one-way flow control device is connected adjacent the bottom of the container. In one embodiment, the one-way flow control device is a flexible hose with a float attached to the free end of the hose. The other end of the hose is in fluid communication with the container.

Abstract: A subirrigation system 10 includes a water-impervious member 16, and keeps water content in soil of a cultivated land 200 in a proper state for growing a plant. The water-impervious member 16 is formed into an upper opening vessel shape, and has a water reserving function. Water is fed to an inner portion of the water-impervious member 16 from a water tank 12 via a feed water pipe 14, whereby a soil portion 26 in a gravitational water state is formed. A water level 28 of the gravitational water within the water-impervious member 16 is properly controlled to a desired water level by a water level controller 18 provided in the feed water pipe 14. The gravitational water within the water-impervious member 16 controlled to the desired water level is appropriately sucked up to the soil in an upper layer in accordance with a capillary phenomenon. Accordingly, a soil portion 30 in a capillary water state having proper water content is formed in the cultivated land 200.

Abstract: Improved golf course drainage systems (10) are provided which include respective drainage subsystems (12, 16), beneath the greens(14) and fairways (18) of a golf course, together with degassing apparatus (36, 64, 84) operably coupling the subsystems (12, 16) and permitting venting of contaminating gases generated within the drainage systems (10). The degassing apparatus (36, 64, 84) includes a tubular connector (44, 66, 85) establishing an offset distance between the adjacent ends (40, 42) of the subsystems (12, 16), along with a vent (46, 68) in communication with the connector (44, 66, 85). The connector (44) maybe upright to establish a vertical offset distance, or a generally horizontal connector (66, 85) may be used to establish a lateral or axial offset distance. The apparatus (36, 64, 84) permits normal drainage of water while preventing build up of undesirable gases which would otherwise rise through the soil and adversely affect the turf of the golf course.

Abstract: A process for irrigation involves monitoring reclaimed water, and treating it when necessary. The reclaimed water is tested with monitors to obtain results for water quality characteristics, including: pH; residual chlorine; and, sodium. These results are inputted to a computerized data handling system for data collection, storage and analysis for comparison to predetermined acceptable ranges for water quality characteristic, and to show any deviation from said acceptable ranges. Either alarms are set off or treatment occurs or both, when deviations are observed. Treatment includes a dechlorination system to correct active chlorine, and, optionally, an oxidation system. There is also a reverse osmosis step for reduction of salts, such as sodium. Other monitors may include one or more of hardness; turbidity; alkalinity; conductivity and nitrates.

Abstract: A system for controlling flooding comprises a fitting coupled to a preexisting drain pit in a building, a pipe connected to the fitting and having a portion extending upwardly therefrom, and a first drainage line extending from the pipe to a drainage area for discharge of water from within the drain pit. The fitting may be sealingly coupled to the preexisting drain pit. According to one aspect, the fitting may at least partially extend into the drain pit. For example, the fitting may extend at least four inches into the drain pit. Further, a cap may be attached to an open end of the pipe remote from the fitting. In some instances, the system may further comprise a pump within said drain pit underlying the fitting pump. This pump may be a sump pump or a removable pump. Even further included may be a control for operating the pump.

Abstract: Method for optimizing plant production in a cost effective manner. System (100) includes a processor (102) in communication with resource controllers (110, 112) for controlling resources (106, 108) such as, for example, lighting and carbon dioxide. Each resource has a cost that varies temporally or with other factors. The processor implements an algorithm that receives a desired plant production rate and other input, such as operating conditions of the system and environment, and determines amounts of each resource to expend consistent with plant production goals and resource costs.

Abstract: A sheathing of elastically deformable waterproofing sheet material (11) is applied and sealingly secured to a surface area of a hydraulic structure (10; 31; 36, 39) to be protected. The seeped water, which collects behind the waterproof sheathing (11), is discharged by gravity through one-way drainage valves (13), provided in pre-established drainage positions of the waterproof sheathing (11); the drainage valves (13) are automatically opened and closed by the differential pressure of the water acting on opposite faces of a flexible sheet like flat valving member (M) of the drainage valve (13).