Abstract: A practical, economical and self-sustaining irrigation system for extensive arid regions utilizes a network of hydraulic ram fitted gravity-feed water tanks connected in series. Ram exhaust water is fed into irrigation pipes or ditches along the system. Ram elevated water in the tanks of the system is gravity fed from each tank to the next downstream ram. The first ram in the system is fed from a natural water source or dam. A complete system may include several natural or dammed water sources each feeding a downstream network of rams and tanks. Electrical power can also be generated in the system at least at the initial and secondary sources of water.

Abstract: A system for lowering the gravitational water level around below-grade structures by means of an exterior wet well and an electric pump lift. The system utilizes a well lined with a water impervious material that has a plurality of openings at its lower end. A submersible pump is located at the bottom of the well which pump is operated by a level control device to maintain the water level at the bottom of the well at a predetermined height. The predetermined level is below the lowest level of the structure that is to be dewatered thereby lowering the water level and relieving water pressure around the structure.

Abstract: A level unobstructed grass sports and recreation surface wherein the grass is deeply rooted in a layer of sand overlying a layer of gravel and preferably nurtured from below to provide a controlled growing environment exhibiting vigorous growth. The sand has more positive vertical liquid flow characteristics whereas the gravel has better horizontal liquid flow characteristics and the appropriate gradation selection of both determines the high drainage ability and uniform fertilizer/irrigation distribution throughout the system. The grass surface is defined by a water tight membrane extending from the perimeter, adjacent the surface and completely underlying the gravel layer. Control means are provided to detect the liquid level contained within the membrane and add or remove liquid to maintain the appropriate level. The buried conduit system is used for the controlled addition of water/fertilizer and excess drainage removal.

Abstract: A system for controlling ground water level in a particular surrounding area is disclosed. In particular, a dewatering system to safeguard the integrity of an in-ground swimming pool against damage or disruption caused by excess water accumulating at or near the soil surrounding the swimming is described. Such contiguous ground water, when it rises to an undesirably high level, for example, such as at a level higher than the level of water in a swimming pool, as a consequence of the resulting hydrostatic pressure, will cause adverse effects. The invention provides a system for the removal of ground water accumulating in a given area in excess of a predetermined level, such as around a swimming pool, until the desired level is restored.

Abstract: At least one hollow water permeable member is embedded in soil to be irrigated. The water permeable member includes a wall having therein a plurality of fine capillary pores. A supply source of water is maintained at a negative water pressure. A feed pipe connects the supply source of water to the interior of the water permeable member. Water from the supply source passes through the feed pipe to the water permeable member and permeates through the capillary pores into the surrounding soil by means of a pressure difference between the negative water pressure of the supply source and the lower negative pressure within the soil surrounding the water permeable member resulting from the degree of absorptivity of the soil.

Abstract: An irrigation valve device including a swellable member and a support therefor permitting moisture to reach the swellable member. Part of the support can be buried in the ground to an adjustable extent to vary the amount of moisture reaching the swellable member. The swellable member acts on irrigating water supply means to control the amount of irrigation water in response to the degree of swelling.

Abstract: An irrigation and drainage system for cultivated fields, croplands and the like for supplying and extracting water and similar liquids through a subsurface conduit network automatically responsive to the ground water table occurring above or below a predetermined subsurface reference level near the depth of the conduit network. A plurality of elongated subsurface perforated conduit lines are located throughout the field at a uniform depth below ground along one or more ground elevation contour line or lines for outflow or inflow of water through the conduit line perforations when the ground water level is respectively below and above the predetermined subsurface reference level. Distribution boxes having an adjustable weir and supply water and excess water connections are provided for the conduit lines at each elevation.

Abstract: A lawn watering system utilizes water formed by condensation taken out of the air by an air conditioning system. The water is stored in a holding tank and at a predetermined level in the tank, a pump is switched on for delivering the water to a hose system in the lawn.