Abstract: A root irrigation apparatus includes a chamber including a first end, a second end, and, an irrigation aperture, a valve operably connected to the first end of the chamber, and, a cap configured to couple to the first end of the chamber.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a system for monitoring drainage of a permeable pavement system are provided as well as various exemplary installation scenarios. In particular, embodiments of a permeable (or pervious) pavement management platform are disclosed herein. In embodiments, the pavement management platform provides a service that allows the user to determine vacuum maintenance needs for permeable (or pervious) pavement systems.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supplying water to a hydrocarbon-containing formation may include generating artificial rain in the proximity of the formation and collecting the artificial rain in one or more collectors. Following collection, the artificial rain may be transferred from the one or more collectors to an underground water reservoir. The artificial rain may then be combined with an aqueous fluid to give a wellbore fluid, which may then be transferred or injected into the wellbore.

Abstract: The present up-flow water filtration system is made up of three or more layers. In the example of three layers, each layer is individually rigid and capable of supporting loads above it, and each serves a separate function. These layers include the inlet layer on the bottom of the system, the outlet layer at the top of the system, and the central layer in between which contains the filter media. Additionally, the system includes one or more vertical ports that are open above ground and that extend into the central layer and provide access to the central media containment layer for maintenance. There are also several layers of textiles which form the flexible outer casing, as well as internal membranes to separate the different layers and components of the system. Some systems may include inlet and outlet pipes, but other inlet and outlet configurations are possible.

Abstract: A drip irrigation device for a flower pot is provided with a main member including a central aperture, porous top and bottom layers around the central aperture, an intermediate layer around the central aperture and sandwiched between the top and bottom layers, and a slit extending from the central aperture to an edge of the main member and cutting through the intermediate layer and the top and bottom layers; and a base including at least one curved member, a central hole, a plurality of first compartments in an outer portion of each curved member, a plurality of holes through a bottom of each first compartment, a second compartment in an inner portion of each curved member, a drip hole through a bottom of each second compartment, and a plurality of spaced legs extending downward from a bottom of the base.

Abstract: Disclosed is an agricultural air injection apparatus including: a compressor for compressing air; an air tank which has a pressure gauge and a safety valve for presenting overpressure and stores compressed air of high pressure in a set pressure condition; a decompression valve for decompressing air pressure discharged from the air tank; a sprayer for spraying water in a particle state in order to make vapor contained in the supplied air; a distributor which uniformly distributes the decompressed air to a plurality of flow paths and has a control valve to open and close the flow paths; an air supply pipe which is buried in the soil where crops to be cultivated will be planted and has pores for supplying air passing through the distributor; and a controller which is connected to the compressor, the pressure gauge of the tank and the control valve of the distributor to control supply of the compressed air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a liquid compound and to the compound used to improve the results of the application of ammoniacal nitrogenated fertilizers to crops requiring same and the ammonium present in the ground, said compound being a mixture consisting mainly of 3.5 DMPP as a nitrification inhibitor, phosphorus, the main function of which is to participate in all of the processes and energetic reactions of the crop, and amino acids winch are synthesized by the plants in enzymatic reactions generated by means of the animation, where absorbed ammonium salts and organic acids are produced.

Abstract: An application for a flow control system includes a vertically oriented expanding conduit, positioned within the interior of a container which is fluidly interfaced to a downstream drainage system. The lower end of the expanding conduit is in fluid communication with an upstream reservoir through a closed conduit. A means to restrain the expanding conduit from lateral movement is provided and the means is in fluid communication with the interior of the container. The distal, upper end of the expanding conduit is capped and at least one fluid passageway opens through the cap from the interior of the expanding conduit. As the fluid pressure rises in the expanding conduit in response to an increase in the fluid level in the upstream reservoir, the fluid passageway through the capped, upper end of the expanding conduit rises to prescribed level and the release rate of fluid into the downstream drainage system is maintained at a prescribed rate or range of rates as the fluid level continues to rise.

Abstract: An agricultural potassium-fertigation method for emitter-irrigation potassium-plus fertigation feeds a potassium-plus nutrient feedstock comprised of potassium formate and additional yield-assist constituent(s) and water to an active emitter-irrigation system discontinuously, at levels of 0.15 to 50 gal./min, during one to six nonconsecutive irrigation days during a crop cycle.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a system for recycling and reusing water from sprinkler systems to water or irrigate a yard or an area of land. The system includes a water reclamation tank that stores water captured from beneath the area of land. When it is time to water the area of land, the sprinkler system draws water from the water reclamation tank. A portion of this water is then recaptured and supplied back to the water reclamation tank for further storage until the next time the sprinkler system is activated. This cyclical process occurs repeatedly and enables a significant reduction in the amount of freshly supplied water used to maintain the area of land.

Abstract: A compact profile water catchment and soil treatment system includes a drainage hub, a water transfer pipe, and a particle filter system. Compact drainage fixtures of the drainage hub are able to drain surface and ground water from the surrounding environment so that the drained water can be transferred into an outfall through the water transfer pipe. The water transfer pipe can also interconnect additional drainage hubs in order to accommodate for a larger drainage area. The particle filter system is laid atop the drainage hub and the water transfer pipe, where the particle filter system functions as the initial filtration system in addition to the secondary filtration system of the compact drainage fixtures.

Abstract: An irrigation device and related methods involve the device having a container defining an interior space. The container has a perforated side wall portion, a solid top wall portion and a solid bottom wall portion such that water is dispensed from the device through the perforated side wall portion. An elongated neck has a first end and a second end and defines a conduit therebetween. The second end of the neck is coupled to the container and the neck extends upwardly from the container to the first end. A water inlet communicates with the conduit of the neck at the first end. In use, the container is buried underground and the water is delivered to the container through the water inlet and conduit of the neck.

Abstract: An agricultural potassium-fertigation method for emitter-irrigation potassium fertigation feeds a potassium-nutrient feedstock comprised of potassium formate and water to an active emitter-irrigation system during one to all irrigation days during a crop cycle.

Abstract: A frame that is inserted into a gate valve slot which accesses a channel through which fluid flows so an ultrasonic flowmeter can measure the fluid flow through the channel. The frame includes a first arm axle that fits into the slot. The frame includes a first ultrasonic transducer in communication with the flowmeter that is attached to the first arm axle. The frame includes a second ultrasonic transducer in communication with the flowmeter. The second transducer is aligned with and upstream from the first transducer relative to the fluid flow and between which ultrasonic signals are emitted and received through the fluid flow and which the flowmeter uses to determine the fluid flow through the channel. The apparatus for measuring fluid flow in a channel is accessed through a gate slot. A method for measuring fluid flow in a channel that is accessed through a gate slot.

Abstract: Systems and methods for drainage management, including a pipe that is cut along a longitudinal section thereof; and a pipe block having a curved section corresponding to a diameter of the cut pipe and including supporting legs. The curved section of the pipe block is configured to support the cut pipe.

Abstract: A rig mat comprising a downwardly sloping first end comprising a female coupling and extending across a first lateral end of the rig mat and an upwardly sloping second end comprising a male coupling and extending across a second lateral end of the rig mat. Each of the downwardly sloping first end and upwardly sloping second end is in the form of a triangle comprising three angles that total one hundred eighty degrees. The downwardly sloping first end comprises a sloped flat surface and a bottom surface that is level with a bottom surface of the rig mat. The upwardly sloping second end comprises a sloped flat surface and a top surface that is level with a top surface of the rig mat.

Abstract: A flow limiting inlet structure is designed to collect water or other fluids in a pool above grade, and to provide improved capture of sediments and surface pollutants such as oils and greases in the pool, while regulating the flow of water or other fluids during discharge into an outlet pipe. In a conventional storm water detention basin a vertical cylindrical discharge structure can be used to regulate the basin water depth and discharge flow rate of storm water out of the detention basin, in conjunction with the use of a specially designed baffle system that prevents the release of any greases or oils floating on the water surface while capturing any floating trash or debris.

Abstract: A drainage cell comprises a backing plate defining a plurality of holes, a series of conical tubular structures having side walls and a base extending from the backing layer, the tubular structures being in fluid communication with at least some of the holes in the backing plate thereby allowing fluid to pass through the holes into a generally tubular structure. Sides of the tubular structures define apertures permitting fluid flow out of the tubular structures. Typically, the open area of the tubular structures is at least 20% of the area of the side walls of the tubular structures, and most preferably 70 to 75% of that area. Providing apertures in the side walls of the tubular structures significantly improves the rate of flow of the water through the cell and creates a higher internal drain void volume area.

Abstract: A surface water heating system for irrigation is described. The irrigation apparatus comprises an irrigation manifold, a heat exchanger, a first conduit system, and a second conduit system. A geothermal heated fluid, e.g. water, flows through the first conduit system. A first pump extracts the geothermal heated water from a geothermal source and conducts the heated water through the heat exchanger, and returns the geothermal water, now cooled, to the geothermal water source. Surface water flows through the second conduit system. A second pump extracts water from a higher quality water resource such as a surface water resource and conducts the illustrative surface water through the heat exchanger. Subsequently, the surface water is delivered to the irrigation manifold. Within the heat exchanger, heat is transferred from the geothermal heated water to the higher quality water resource. The geothermal heated water does not come into contact with the illustrative surface water within the irrigation apparatus.

Abstract: A system for controlling rainwater runoff, comprising: a) an inlet conduit 1; b) a first junction 2 which receives the inlet conduit; c) a by-pass conduit 3 connecting the first junction 2 with a second junction 4; d) a first transfer conduit connecting the first junction with a storage tank; e) a second transfer conduit connecting the storage tank with the second junction; and f) an outlet conduit connected to the second junction; the system arranged such that it provides substantial rain-water drainage to a site (e.g. a building site).

Abstract: A water draining method comprises water draining adapted for roads, mountains, mountainsides, protective hillsides, retaining walls, grass slopes, airport runways, highways, football fields, grass slopes, stone dams, embankments, landfills, farms, irrigating and draining systems, characterized in that: a. installing receiving members in a pervious bed; b. arranging draining pipes in the receiving members; c. disposing draining ditches on one or two ends of a drain tube; d. drawing excessive water to the draining pipes by using drawing ports of the drain tube and draining the water into the draining ditch via an end portion of the drain tube. Thereby, the present invention allows to obtain rain collecting, impurities filtering, irrigating, draining, anti-leaking, and warning functions.

Abstract: A wick assembly for installation under a roadway according to the invention includes a perforated drain pipe, an inner sheet of a wicking fabric disposed on the perforated drain pipe in a manner effective to cover the perforations therein, an outer sheet of a wicking fabric, and a layer of filter aggregates confined between the inner and outer wicking fabric sheets to form a wick drain in combination with the perforated drain pipe. Water passes through the sheets and filter aggregates in order to enter the perforated drain pipe through the perforations therein. The wick drain may be disposed inside an outer pipe with the outer fabric sheet in slidable contact with the inner periphery of the pipe casing. The outer pipe casing serves to protect the wick drain during installation and is later removed once the wick drain is in position.

Abstract: A system of debris-flow drainage canal with cascaded sills is provided, which allows a high-efficient and low-cost realization of debris flow drainage and scour prevention. The canal contains two converging walls and a series of scour prevention sills, which are laid between the two converging walls. The sills are embedded to a certain depth and are evenly spaced and symmetrical to the centre line of the canal to form a cascaded structure for scour prevention. The drainage canal's width is 2 times wider than the sill's horizontal length along the cross-section. Compared with the prior art, this system can drain off a wide variety of flows from debris flow to flood and prevent debris-flow siltation even on a gentle slope. This system has a much higher stability and longer life of service. Moreover, this system can maintain the aquatic habitat in gullies and contribute to ecological restoration.

Abstract: An elevated swale comprising a porous and water-permeable interior zone, a permeable and compressible exterior shell, and vertically oriented cylindrical inserts. The exterior shell surrounds the interior zone, and the cylindrical inserts are placed within cylindrical cavities that are cut vertically into the interior zone. In an alternate embodiment, the present invention is an elevated swale comprising stacked layers of polymer matting and vertically oriented cylindrical inserts. The cylindrical inserts are placed within cylindrical cavities that are cut vertically into the stacked layers of polymer matting.

Abstract: A drainage system is provided that comprises a gully having a circumferential side wall, an outlet and a vortex brake with a vortex chamber having a chamber wall with a peripheral inlet opening and a central outlet opening, the vortex brake being arranged in the gully so that a flow path from the inside of the gully to the outlet leads through the vortex brake, and a drainpipe is connected to the outlet. The vortex brake is arranged in the gully so as to be non-demountable, and the vortex brake is provided with a flushing access having a hose connection.

Abstract: A system and method for efficiently delivering an aqueous solution to plants includes a hydrophilic solution-channeling device having a delivery portion positionable adjacent a root system of a plant. The solution-channeling device has a lumen therethrough for channeling a solution from an inlet to the delivery portion. At least a portion of the delivery portion has a porosity adapted for permitting a flow of the solution therethrough when acted upon by at least one of a surfactant root exudate and negative root pressure generated by the plant roots, for example, when experiencing water stress and/or a need for nutrients. The system also includes a pressure regulating device for providing at least a minimum pressure value to permit fluid to flow through the lumen and at most a maximum pressure value above which fluid flows through the lumen even in the absence of surfactant root exudate or negative root pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for efficiently delivering an aqueous solution to plants includes a microporous hydrophobic tubing coated with a hydrophilic polymer that has a delivery portion positionable adjacent a root system of a plant and a lumen for channeling an aqueous solution from an inlet to the delivery portion. The tubing along the delivery portion has a porosity adapted for permitting a flow of the aqueous solution therethrough when acted upon by a surfactant root exudate generated by the roots due to water stress. A pressure regulating device is upstream of the tubing's inlet, and a reservoir adapted for holding the aqueous solution therein is situated in fluid communication with an upstream end of the pressure regulating device. Additional tubing can be provided for channeling a nutrient solution to the plant roots.

Abstract: A system and method to remove surface water from a watershed atop a hill behind a bluff to an outfall point near a toe of the bluff, and a method to build the system. The system includes a catch basin structure and a catch basin drain pipe directionally bored from the catch basin structure to the outfall point. The location of the catch basin is determined based on a location of the outfall point and a desired slope of the catch basin drain pipe. The catch basin structure has a catch basin with an opening near its bottom, and a cover structure that provides a sculpted, rounded and smooth transition from the opening to a reducing pipe coupled with the catch basin drain pipe.

Abstract: A fuel diffusion unit including: a fuel diffusion plate; a diffusion sheet disposed on fuel diffusion plate, to evenly distribute a fuel to the fuel diffusion plate; a primary transportation unit disposed on the diffusion sheet; secondary transportation units connected to the primary transportation unit, to distribute the fuel to the fuel from the primary transportation unit to the diffusion sheet. The diffusion sheet has a wetting direction that allows the fuel to flow in a predetermined direction. The fuel diffusion unit can be included in a fuel supply unit and a fuel cell system.

Abstract: A flow limiting inlet structure is designed to collect water or other fluids in a pool above grade, and to provide improved capture of sediments and surface pollutants such as oils and greases in the pool, while regulating the flow of water or other fluids during discharge into an outlet pipe. In a conventional storm water detention basin a vertical cylindrical discharge structure can be used to regulate the basin water depth and discharge flow rate of storm water out of the detention basin, in conjunction with the use of a specially designed baffle system that prevents the release of any greases or oils floating on the water surface while capturing any floating trash or debris.

Abstract: An automatic water flow regulator apparatus and a system for controlling and regulating the level of groundwater in an agricultural field. An automatic flow regulator adapted for use in a buried tile line that responds to conditions upstream and downstream along the line in order to regulate flow. A system having a tile line buried in a field for draining water therefrom, a preferably manually operated terminal control stand positioned at the discharge end of the system, and one or more automatic water flow regulators along the line for controlling the flow of water therethrough in conjunction with said terminal control stand.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a drainage channel comprising a first barrier for containment and a second barrier for containment. In one embodiment, the second barrier comprises a liner and a support. In a further embodiment, the support substantially secures at least a portion of the second barrier in the first barrier.

Abstract: A drainage cell (10) comprises a backing plate (12) defining a plurality of holes (16a, 16b), a series of conical tubular structures (18) having side walls and a base extending from the backing layer, the tubular structures being in fluid communication with at least some of the holes (16a, 16b) in the backing plate (12) thereby allowing fluid to pass through the holes into a generally tubular structure. The sides of the tubular structures define apertures (109) permitting fluid flow out of the tubular structures through the walls of the tubular portions. Typically, the perforated or open area of the tubular structures is at least 20% of the area of the side walls of the tubular structures, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably 50% or greater and most preferably of the order of 70 to 75%.

Abstract: A flow limiting inlet structure is designed to collect water or other fluids in a pool above grade, and to provide improved capture of sediments and surface pollutants such as oils and greases in the pool, while regulating the flow of water or other fluids during discharge into an outlet pipe. In a conventional storm water detention basin a vertical cylindrical discharge structure can be used to regulate the basin water depth and discharge flow rate of storm water out of the detention basin, in conjunction with the use of a specially designed baffle system that prevents the release of any greases or oils floating on the water surface while capturing any floating trash or debris.

Abstract: Disclosed are an even-irrigation apparatus for an underground root zone and an even-irrigation method using the same for evenly supplying water into the root zone of a variety of crops. The even-irrigation apparatus includes a plurality of irrigators buried in the entire underground root zone, to directly and evenly supply water into the root zone. Once water is introduced into a pressure-reduction valve after passing through a main pipe, limb pipe and capillary pipe connected in sequence, the water is supplied to the irrigators by way of a plurality of diverged-capillary pipes. With this even-irrigation of water, unnecessary consumption of water due to adsorption of the water into the surrounding soil except for the root zone is minimized, enabling effective irrigation of water and even growth of roots of crops. Further, even nutrition throughout the roots enables balanced growth of crops.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling drainage/irrigation of a field includes laying out a network of spaced, interconnected water level-responsive valves coupled to drainage tiles, which typically may include a main line and a number of lateral lines, extending from higher elevations to lower elevations and exiting through a manually controlled main valve to a drainage ditch. When the water level adjacent a valve is below a predetermined level, the valve is open allowing water to flow down to the lowest level. As the ambient water level in the soil rises, the valve's float also rises, causing the valve to close when the water reaches a predetermined level and producing a “terracing” effect wherein the rising water is sequentially stored at increasingly higher elevations for irrigating these elevated areas. Overflow conduits associated with each valve allow water to discharge into the drainage ditch when the sub-surface water level is too high.

Abstract: A subirrigation system 10 includes a water-impervious member 16, and keeps water content in soil of a cultivated land 200 in a proper state for growing a plant. The water-impervious member 16 is formed into an upper opening vessel shape, and has a water reserving function. Water is fed to an inner portion of the water-impervious member 16 from a water tank 12 via a feed water pipe 14, whereby a soil portion 26 in a gravitational water state is formed. A water level 28 of the gravitational water within the water-impervious member 16 is properly controlled to a desired water level by a water level controller 18 provided in the feed water pipe 14. The gravitational water within the water-impervious member 16 controlled to the desired water level is appropriately sucked up to the soil in an upper layer in accordance with a capillary phenomenon. Accordingly, a soil portion 30 in a capillary water state having proper water content is formed in the cultivated land 200.

Abstract: A method of removing solids from the slurry at a construction site located on or near a stream in order to improve the quality of water discharged into the stream by forming treatment zones for receiving slurry, said zones comprising walls of filter bags and floors of filter skirts, said bags and skirts comprising geotextile material and the bags being filled with a shredded rubber and woodchip combination.

Abstract: A method and pumping/drainage channel member for injecting surface water into the soil beneath a ground area includes drilling a series of holes and inserting an elongated pumping/drainage members into each hole extending downwardly into the soil. The pumping/drainage channel members comprise a cluster of integrally joined channel features each formed with a lengthwise extending slot opening. Surface water flows to the pumping/drainage member, enters the channels and drains down the pumping/drainage members to enhance water movement down into the soil to reduce runoff and help to recharge acquifers. Longer members may be installed between shorter members in a pattern to achieve more rapid injection of water deep into the subsoil.

Abstract: An aqueduct assembly is provided as having a front gate assembly and a rear gate assembly. The front gate assembly has a front gate which will open to let water into the aqueduct assembly. When water begins to rise in the aqueduct assembly, a rear gate of the rear gate assembly opens to let water flow out of the aqueduct assembly. A method for diverting water is also provided. A front gate assembly opens for allowing water to flow into the aqueduct assembly. Subsequently, rear gate assembly opens for permitting water to flow out of the aqueduct assembly.

Abstract: An automatic gated-pipe actuator for controlling flow of an irrigation material to an agricultural region through an irrigation gate in a gated-irrigation pipe. The automatic gated-pipe actuator includes a gate valve for coupling to the gated-irrigation pipe, a gate actuator removably coupled to the gate valve and for actuating the gate valve and an automatic gated pipe gate control unit for controlling actuation of the gate valve. The control unit has a processor unit communicatively coupled to the gate actuator. Upon instruction from the gate control unit, the gate actuator will actuate and alter the disposition of the gate valve thereby altering the flow of irrigation material through the irrigation gate and to a portion of the agricultural region adjacent the irrigation gate.

Abstract: A modular raintank and water storage system are described. A modular raintank comprises a plurality of interconnected external sidewall modules. The sidewall modules have a plurality of openings which allow water to freely flow into and out of the modular raintank. The water storage system comprises a plurality of interconnected modular raintanks. The adjacent modular raintanks of the water storage system can share a sidewall, and can be stacked on top of each other and connected in a side-by-side pattern. The shared sidewall comprises a plurality of locking lip members arranged in rows to facilitate the attachment of additional modular plates of adjacent raintanks and a plurality of U-shaped openings to facilitate visual inspection of the tank while underground.

Abstract: A regenerative stormwater conveyance (RSC) system for treating and dispersing stormwater runoff is disclosed which includes an upstream entry point where water enters the system and an entry pool downstream from the entry point that collects water from the entry point. The RSC system includes one or more shallow aquatic beds that receive water from the entry pool in a serial manner and each of which includes a filtration structure for filtering water from the aquatic bed. Riffle weir grade control structures are positioned between the aquatic beds and transition water overflowing from each upstream aquatic bed to a downstream aquatic bed. Accordingly, collected stormwater runoff traverses the series of aquatic beds and riffle weir grading structures and is treated and safely detained, thus, conveying stormwater to groundwater through infiltration.

Abstract: The invention provides modular units, associated component parts, and assemblies of the modular units and component parts, including filtration systems, that are useful for making and using underground water management systems.

Abstract: The tubular element is made with a sleeve formed of a spun bonded polyester material that allows the passage of water and prevents the passage of soil when used for a drainage element. The tubular element is made with small diameters that allows the element to be coiled about a three-dimensional object when used as a cushioning device.

Abstract: A water provisioning device for use with an irrigation channel for providing water into an irrigation pipe. The water provisioning device comprises a primary reservoir adapted to maintain water up to a predetermined level and comprising a primary outlet adapted for being brought in fluid communication with the irrigation pipe. The system further comprises at least one primary inlet tube in the form of a siphon tube with a proximal end manually insertable into said channel for drawing water therefrom and a distal end adapted for the initiation of suction within the tube and for the disposition in said reservoir at least after the suction has been initiated, to supply said water thereto.

Abstract: A means of alleviating or preventing flooding in geographic areas which are normally drained by slow moving water in ditches, rivers, bayous or other waterways of relatively shallow slope by using a water thrusting means to add kinetic energy and therefore velocity to a portion of the water, mixing the portion back in the main body of water in a downstream direction to increase the average velocity downstream of the main body of water, and thereby move water away from the flooding area to a remote area more quickly than would occur naturally.

Abstract: A concrete structure for replenishing an aquifer and a method for constructing the same is provided. The structure is comprised of a pavement layer with surface drains that extend through the pavement layer and into an aggregate leach field. The leach field includes leach lines spanning the leach field. An aggregate drain extends from the leach field into a sand lens. Precipitation which falls upon the structure thus flows through the surface drain, absorbed into the aggregate leach field, and transported to the aggregate drains by way of aggregate leach lines. The water is then absorbed into the sand lens, ultimately replenishing the aquifer. Existing conventional pavement structures are retrofitted by the removal of a section of the pavement, and filling the same with porous concrete.

Abstract: A stormwater runoff detention system includes a system including an inlet, a first surge chamber, a second surge chamber and one or more storage chambers. The first surge chamber is connected to receive stormwater from the inlet prior to the second surge chamber or the storage chamber. The first surge chamber includes a discharge outlet and an overflow outlet to the storage chamber. The second surge chamber is connected to receive stormwater from the inlet primarily after the first surge chamber has begun overflowing to the storage chamber. The second surge chamber includes a discharge outlet and an overflow outlet to the storage chamber or to a second storage chamber.

Abstract: A storm drain system is provided to prevent rising water from flowing substantially vertically out of a storm drain inlet. The storm drain system comprises a seat generally horizontally mounted within a chamber and a moveable buoyant door assembly responsive to rising water in the chamber to float upwardly to engage the seat to thereby prevent water flowing upwardly out of the storm drain inlet. A support frame may be mounted along a flow passageway leading to the storm drain gating such that the seat and the buoyant door assembly is mounted to or integral with the support frame. In an embodiment, one or more pivot or hinge mountings secure the buoyant door assembly pivotally with respect to the drain support.