Abstract: This paper proposes an integrated approach to storm water management and storm water treatment. Today's requirements for capturing and treating the first-flush of storm water can be met with a new device that also controls peak flows over a wide range of storms and uses a net storage volume that is substantially lower than the storage computed by traditional reservoir routing methods. The extention basin debuts here as the most efficient method of reducing peak storm water flows—being far more effective than the retention or detention basins in common use today.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for lining ditches is provided. The apparatus and method for lining ditches, according to the present invention, includes a plurality of substantially corrugated liner sections, preferably made of a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene. Each liner section is designed to be assembled by detachably engaging ends of ditch liner sections. A sealant that does not bond with the material from which the liner sections are made may also be included. An inlet/outlet channel is included. The inlet/outlet channel is removably connectable with at least one end of a liner section by snapping together the two components. A liner section in the form of a splitter section also is provided. A splitter section permits rerouting the flow of water in a variety of directions through a ditch lined with the apparatus of the present invention. Also, a diverter section is included for diverting water from one flow direction through the ditch to a point or area of application of water.

Abstract: An apparatus for forcing airflow through (i.e., aerating) a particulate material consists of a planar bearing surface and a ventilation conduit underlying the planar bearing surface. A plurality of delivery conduits extend between the ventilation conduit and the planar bearing surface with a mouth of the delivery conduits being near the planar bearing surface. A grate, defining a plurality of openings, covers the mouth of each delivery conduit. Each grate has a top surface substantially parallel to the planar bearing surface and positioned at or no more than a select distance below the planar bearing surface. This select distance is close enough to the planar bearing surface to prevent the accumulation of particulate material over the grate as the particulate material is scraped from the planar bearing surface with an implement having a linear edge abutting the planar bearing surface.

Abstract: A tool having a hand gripping region for rotational attachment to an irrigation system with the tool having soft bumps thereon spaced from each other and affixed to the hand gripping region to cushion the user's hand as an irrigation component is field attached to an irrigation system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for lining ditches is provided. The apparatus and method for lining ditches, according to the present invention, includes a plurality of substantially corrugated liner sections, preferably made of a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene. Each liner section is designed to be assembled by detachably engaging ends of ditch liner sections. A sealant that does not bond with the material from which the liner sections are made may also be included. An inlet/outlet channel is included. The inlet/outlet channel is removably connectable with at least one end of a liner section by snapping together the two components. A liner section in the form of a splitter section also is provided. A splitter section permits rerouting the flow of water in a variety of directions through a ditch lined with the apparatus of the present invention. Also, a diverter section is included for diverting water from one flow direction through the ditch to a point or area of application of water.

Abstract: The performance of a leach field in processing waste water is maintained or improved by a control system in which one or more selected parameter in a waste water conduit, or in the influence zone of the conduit, is measured, compared to a set point(s), and one or more variable is manipulated. For example, gas composition, gas pressure, water level and water content are measured; waste water flow, heating, air flow and air composition are changed. In one mode of operation the manipulated variable is qualitatively different from the parameter being measured.

Abstract: Methods and modules for use in a modular assembly are disclosed for retaining or detaining storm water beneath a ground surface. A module comprises a substantially horizontally disposed deck portion and at least one substantially vertically disposed side portion extending therefrom. The deck portion and side portion have respective end edges, and the side portion has bottom edges. The side portion and the deck portion define a longitudinal channel which is open at least at an end of the module. The side portion has at least one opening therein and defines a lateral channel in the module. The longitudinal and lateral channels are in fluid communication with one another. Each channel has about the same cross section and extends upwardly from the bottom edges to allow relatively unconstrained flow in the longitudinal and lateral directions.

Abstract: A flume for diurnally storing and releasing municipal sewage in its conveyance network of sewers and interceptor piping to reduce peak flow rates in a sewer system and the downstream wastewater treatment plant. The disclosed invention reduces peak flow rates without affecting flow rates below a selected threshold, maintaining minimum flow rates while storing wastewater in sewers and providing features that protect against sewer backups during high flows.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for lining ditches is provided. The apparatus and method for lining ditches, according to the present invention, includes a plurality of substantially corrugated liner sections, preferably made of a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene. Each liner section is designed to be assembled by detachably engaging ends of ditch liner sections. A sealant that does not bond with the material from which the liner sections are made may also be included. An inlet/outlet channel is included. The inlet/outlet channel is removably connectable with at least one end of a liner section by snapping together the two components. A liner section in the form of a splitter section also is provided. A splitter section permits rerouting the flow of water in a variety of directions through a ditch lined with the apparatus of the present invention. Also, a diverter section is included for diverting water from one flow direction through the ditch to a point or area of application of water.

Abstract: A drainage system for a structure which does not utilize gutters and/or downspouts is disclosed. The drainage system is comprised of a trough, a plurality of interconnected conduits received within the trough, a frame member received on the plurality of interconnected conduits and a grate member received on the frame member. The drainage system is installed directly under the eaves of the structure where gutters would typically be installed. Rain water and/or melted snow drips from the eaves and passes through openings between adjacent slats in the grate member into the plurality of interconnected conduits for passage therethrough to a pond or a storm sewer system. In this manner, the drainage system for the exterior of the structure does not require the use of gutters.

Abstract: Arch shape cross-section leaching and stormwater chambers are connected together so that swiveled angling is obtained at the joint. Angling is accomplished by means of an integral or detachable dome end comprising a conical section. A like chamber with an ordinary end mates by overlapping the dome. Or a like chamber may have an opposing and overlapping end, which also comprises a dome. A coupling for connecting two ordinary end chambers is comprised of two spaced apart conical domes spaced apart by a connector. The connector between the domes is optionally straight or angled. The couplings enable chambers to be connected at diverse angles to each other, as well as to be connected parallel with offset, i.e., with zigzag path.

Abstract: An underground infiltration drainage system comprising water storage and/or water formed by a plurality of load bearing box like modules (1, 16 and 19), arranged adjacently and wrapped in water permeable geotextile. The modules have external walls (2) with openings (6) therethrough, such that water can flow into and out of the storage and/or piping through the perforated walls (2). The perforated walls (2) have peripheral edge members (3), with thin web members (4), extending between the peripheral edge members (3), to form support for the geotextile, and to define the openings (6). This arrangement while providing structural strength, also provides a large area of perforations.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for irrigating land are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a portable sensing device that is anchored at a chosen locality in the land, gripping one end of a control line such as a length of twine. The control line is connected to a flow control mechanism that controls the operation of a mechanism such as a gate through which water flows from an irrigation canal to the land. The sensing device holds the control line under tension. The sensing device is provided with means, such as a float, to detect the arrival of water flowing onto the land and, in response, releases the control line. This actuates the flow control mechanism to close the gate.

Abstract: A stormwater receiving assembly for processing stormwater containing suspended particulate matter includes a dispensing chamber and an underlying accumulating accessory. The dispensing chamber is fabricated of thin-walled plastic contoured as a corrugated wall horizontally elongated between inlet and exit ends and having an arched cross-sectional shape with upwardly directed peak and spaced apart parallel lowermost edge extremities defining an open bottom. A circular portal is located in the peak of the chamber. The accumulating accessory has a compartment bounded by sidewall structure elongated upon a vertical axis between upper and lower extremities, and is positioned below the dispensing chamber such that the portal of the dispensing chamber is in centered vertical alignment with the lower extremity of the compartment of the accumulating accessory.

Abstract: A system for maintaining a surcharge on a sanitary sewer collection system to minimize the pressure differential across pipe walls carrying the waste and to offset the buoyant effects of hydrostatic pressure on the outside of the pipe. Pinch valves or other remotely controllable pipe closing devices are employed in combination with a system of monitors and a centralized control system to maintain and periodically release fluid from the surcharged system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for a foundation and soil irrigation system having multiple independent zones that can be controlled to deliver fluid to surrounding soil. The system can be installed above or below ground, but in a preferred embodiment the system is subterranean and is installed 18 to 24 inches off of the foundation and 12 to 18 inches below ground level. Each independent zone comprises a fluid distribution network that forms a center-fed or end-fed section to ensure proper hydraulic flow throughout the zone.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to, in part, modules that allow for the exchange of a fluid such as a liquid or gas to and/or from a medium or surface and systems and methods comprising same. In one embodiment, there is provided an apparatus for directing the flow of a fluid passing through a medium, the apparatus comprising a top having a plurality of perforations and a base that is positioned adjacent and substantially parallel to the top, thereby defining a cavity for passage of fluid therein. The top comprises a plurality of integrated supports extending from the bottom surface of the top, the integrated supports maintaining the height of the cavity and being sufficient in number, size, and physical properties as to permit the top to support the weight of the medium and activity above the medium. A sealing strip can be installed within the cavities of the modules to contain or direct fluid within the system.

Abstract: A method for producing a more accurate instantaneous unit hydrograph particularly for urban areas and for use in specifying the capacities of structures engineered to manage surface water runoff at the watershed catchment. The method uses map data verified by on-site inspections to obtain the input for the computer-performed calculation of initial probabilities, transition probabilities and mean waiting times, and subsequently the instantaneous unit hydrograph. This data includes the areas, links between streams, and slopes of various parts of the watershed.

Abstract: A drainage system for collecting, isolating and relocating moisture incorporating cascading chutes which collect moisture and create an inner channel from which collected moisture cannot escape to re-infiltrate surrounding soil prior to its discharge point.

Abstract: A soil erosion collector that fits in a standard two foot drainage ditch. It is preferably formed of pre-cast reinforced concrete. Its purpose is to separate eroded soil in storm run off. The soil Erosion Collector is designed to create a ponding effect, which will slow the flow of water in a ditch, allowing eroded soil and debris to settle. The invention comprises a body with solid intersecting lower sides which meet at an angle to fit into the drainage ditch. A dam connects the sides, with the top of the dam forming a “V” shaped spillway at a lowered central portion.

Abstract: Pollutants are captured at a particular point of entrance into a storm water runoff system, such as at curb inlets. An inventive device takes advantage of existing storage volume within storm water inlets and is installed therein with little or no retrofitting necessary to secure the device. Storm water enters the apparatus where water energy is reduced and flow length is increased, increasing water detention time and allowing for the removal of soil sediment, floating debris, hydrocarbons and other pollutants utilizing settling tendencies and trapping areas. A damping system reduces pollutant resuspension and redirects high flows away from deposited sediment.

Abstract: A liquid-handling installation utilizes an upstream and a downstream separator unit, each unit having a horizontal partition defining a treatment compartment below the partition and an overflow compartment above the partition. Each unit has an inlet opening and an outlet opening. Two conduits communicate the outlet opening of the upstream unit with the inlet opening of the downstream unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing the water quality in a subterranean pressurized water system is disclosed and provides a discharge passage control via a valve that can be actuated electronically at the location of the valve or remotely. The discharge through the apparatus permits the flow of water in the subterranean pressurized water system and a corresponding discharge of contaminants and increased concentration of disinfectants supplied to the subterranean pressurized water system by the water system manager. The discharge can occur directly to a below ground drain such as a storm drain, sewer or drain field.

Abstract: Self-contained ecological watering system, protected against obturations, and capable of irrigating at low cost uniformly and regularly a variety of cultivated areas; the system operates automatically a series of fertirrigation cycles requiring minimum actuation power and reduced water flow rate. The system permits implementation of various configuration including a plurality of local subsystems (1) which are controllable locally or from a remote station (6); each subsystem comprises a container (2) capable of accumulating the volume of liquid to be discharged per cycle, a watering assembly (3) capable of regulating the watering volume and discharging it upon receiving a low power signal; a low consumption electronic control unit (4) capable of determining the frequency and the appropriate time to send said signal; and a low restriction distribution network (5) capable of transporting the water to irrigate the locations in need.

Abstract: A bi-partite sluiceway apparatus with silt removal tray components consisting of a pair of elongated three-sided bottom containment trays with triangularly shaped soffet units affixed to outer walling of lateral sides of each and with each having oppositely inclined beveled posterior ends with each tray holding at top edging of lateral sides thereof, elongated three-sided silt collection trays each with beveled posterior ends as well and with each silt collection tray having a grasping plate characterized by the presence of a concentrically positioned through hole and being affixed to lateral sides thereof near a front end thereof and with each silt collection tray being swiveably lockable to a containment tray by way of a nut and bolt assembly insertable through concentric through holes near frontal ends of each tray, and with all beveled ends in contact with one another upon complete assembly of the apparatus within a roadbed.

Abstract: A method is provided for waterproofing a foundation in which a minimal amount of debris is generated. The method provides for selecting a first limited area of excavation of a floor along a wall. A tunnel is dug laterally below the floor to a location remote from the area of excavation for receiving a drainage pipe underneath the floor. A narrow channel is further excavated within the floor along the wall for receiving accumulated moisture leaking in from the wall. The channel directs and drains the moisture towards the excavated area in the floor and the drainage tunnel. With the limited amount of excavation provided by this method, the amount of concrete to be removed is substantially reduced.

Abstract: The system includes a plurality of flood plains. Each flood plain contains a plurality of plants and each plant is held in a pot. The flood plains are excavated at different elevations from an upper most elevation to a lower most elevation. The flood plains are sequentially flooded for a resident time period with a selected volume of water directed from a water source. As the flood plains are excavated to different elevations, gravity, and a series of flood gates, control the water flow from one flood plain to a next lower flood plain. Each flood plain has a top surface and an underlying bed comprising a soil and clay composition. The surface of each bed is contoured to adequately drain water from one flood plain to the next. This clay mixture firms the bed to adequately support vehicles and laborers to prevent depressions in the bed which may adversely affect water flow in and out of a flood plain. Each of the flood plains is lined with a water impermeable membrane.

Abstract: A storm water receptor having at least one inlet and an outlet positioned at a discharge level lower than the level of the intake provided with a novel, removable divider which divides the receptor into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, having a float-actuated trap door that permits water entering the upper chamber of the catch basin or field inlet to be diverted and flow into the lower chamber until the lower chamber is filled with liquid, at which point the entrance into the lower chamber closes, and water entering the upper chamber passes directly out of the upper chamber through the discharge pipe. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the float-activated trap door can be replaced with a stationary, removable plate or ramp.

Abstract: The system includes a plurality of flood plains. Each flood plain contains a plurality of plants and each plant is held in a pot. The flood plains are excavated at different elevations from an upper most elevation to a lower most elevation. The flood plains are sequentially flooded for a resident time period with a selected volume of water directed from a water source. As the flood plains are excavated to different elevations, gravity, and a series of flood gates, control the water flow from one flood plain to a next lower flood plain. Each flood plain has a top surface and an underlying bed comprising a soil and clay composition. The surface of each bed is contoured to adequately drain water from one flood plain to the next. This clay mixture firms the bed to adequately support vehicles and laborers to prevent depressions in the bed which may adversely affect water flow in and out of a flood plain. Each of the flood plains is lined with a water impermeable membrane.

Abstract: A subsurface irrigation apparatus and method, the apparatus including an underlayment of water resistant material which also serves as a mounting surface for the remaining elements of the subsurface irrigation apparatus. Water is supplied to the subsurface irrigation apparatus through a water supply conduit and distributed through a plurality of water distribution conduits. Each water distribution conduit includes a plurality of spaced holes through which the irrigation water distributed by the water distribution conduits. A diffuser is mounted across each hole to diffuse the water into the surrounding soil. Each diffuser includes a layer of fibrous material partially covered by a water resistant overlayment. The fibrous layer diffuses the water outwardly from the hole while simultaneously inhibiting root encroachment into the hole.

Abstract: A water control and diversion headgate for use in irrigation systems, simplifying the headgate construction, easing its operation and improving its overall efficiency. This headgate includes a corrugated pipe, sometimes provided with an internal liner and having a beveled slot which extends slightly less than halfway through its diameter. A solid, flat elongated water-blocking gate, usually somewhat flexible, is positioned within the slot for vertical movement and for fully or partially blocking water flow through the pipe. The gate has a tapered lower edge and is adapted to make a sealing line contact with an adjacent pipe corrugation for sealing efficiency.

Abstract: A weir structure for controlling liquid flow in a channel having a floor and side walls comprising a barrier extending between the sidewalls of the channel and from the floor of the channel to a crest to separate the channel into an upstream region and a downstream region. Fluid in the channel flows from the upstream region to the downstream region by overflowing the barrier at the crest. The barrier is formed with at least one passage through the barrier positioned and dimensioned to allow for free, unregulated fluid flow through the passage from the upstream region to the downstream region whenever fluid is overflowing the barrier to increase flow past the barrier.

Abstract: An automated furrow irrigation control method and system involves the initiation of an irrigation flow into an upstream end of a furrow at an initial water discharge rate; continuously or periodically sensing the progress of water flow along the furrow; continuously or periodically increasing the water discharge rate in response to the sensed progress of the water flow so as to ensure a substantially continuous flow in the furrow at a flow rate which lies substantially between .+-.30% of a constant value; sensing the arrival of the water flow at a downstream end of the furrow; reducing the water discharge rate in response to the sensed arrival of the water flow at the downstream end of the furrow; sensing the percolation of the water flow at the downstream end down to a predetermined depth; and terminating the irrigation flow in response to the sensed percolation.

Abstract: A water-saving irrigation device of the type that is utilized for the irrigation of vegetation and trees in arid desert areas is provided. The irrigation device includes a water inlet port, a water outlet port and a water storage container. The water inlet port is positioned at the upper section of the water storage container, attached to the cover and the water input nozzle of the water storage container. The water outlet port is positioned at either the lower section or the lateral section of the water storage container. The water outlet port has a perforated cover plate mounted against a sediment trap layer disposed within a water output nozzle. The sediment layer can be constructed from fine fabric or interwoven fibers. An air volume adjustment device is installed on the cover plate of water inlet port to control the amount of air admitted into the water storage container.

Abstract: An arrangement for the separation of pollutants and, as the case may be, bulky solids, i.e. coarse matter, in separating structures, such as rainwater relief structures for the protection of bodies of water. The rainwater or combined water exceeding a critical combined water outflow is diverted to another part of a sewer system or to a channel leading to a receiving body of water by flowing over a relief weir, and being freed of coarse matter by means of an interceptor prior to its overflow into the channel. The interceptor (20) is fashioned of a plurality of bar elements (21) arranged with preferably equidistant mutual spacing on the overflow side of the relief weir (20), and a separate pollutant channel (22) receives the coarse matter retained by the interceptor (20).

Abstract: A sub-floor water control drainage conduit element and system which minimizes installation labor, materials and time. The drainage conduit element comprises an elongate conduit section which is somewhat hemispherical or somewhat-rectangular in cross-section and has a flat base on floor wall, and a roof wall and/or sidewall. The floor wall is designed to be supported on the top surface of a footing at the wall-footing interface or in an excavation at the base of a wall. The conduit section is open to admit groundwater, such as from the wall-footing interface, and the element contains an upper vertical wall portion which is designed to extend above the basement floor surface and is spaced from the basement wall to provide a wall drain gap down to the conduit section.

Abstract: The method relates to a method and a device for controlling the flow of a liquid. In a well (10) having at least one inlet (11) and one outlet (12) the areas of said inlet (11) is adjusted in dependence on the liquid level in said well (10) by a floating body (13) controlled by said level. Said well is provided with an inlet tube (15) ended by said inlet (11), and at least one outlet (12), a floating body (13) arranged movable in a vertical direction in said well (10), and a slide (14) arranged in said well (10) in front of said outlet (12), said inlet tube (15) and said slide (14) being movable in relation to each other in dependence of a movement of said floating body (13) so as to close adjustably by said slide said inlet (11) of said inlet tube (15).

Abstract: An ore pass rush eliminator is disclosed which includes, in the ore pass shaft, a channel formed in the base of the shaft whereby excess water can pass to waste to avoid any build up of such water. Further described are means whereby the channel may be kept clear of build up of ore by means of an endless chain.

Abstract: A gravity flow chemigation system (10) is disclosed which generally consists of chemical supply tank (37), in which chemical (29) is contained, a supply line (37) connected to the bottom of chemical supply tank (36), and a low-level shutoff valve (11) suspended across an irrigation ditch (39) and partially below the surface of irrigation water (38). Chemical enters the valve (11) from supply line (37) through air vent tube (21) and inlet (18). The chemical (29) within supply line (37) will continue to flow through valve (11), out outlet (15) and through outlet screen (28) to mix with irrigation water (38) as long as the level of irrigation water (38) remains at a level above converging valve seat (16) of lower float valve (13). Once the level of irrigation water (38) falls below valve seat (16), lower float (17) will engage the lower converging valve seat (16) and close off the valve which will not reactivate until manually reset, even if the irrigation water level rises.

Abstract: Stormwater from a watershed is collected in a stormwater collection basin for water quality improvement primarily by settling of suspended solids, and also for control of the flow rate through downstream flow channels. The outflow rate from the basin is governed by an adjustable water control device such as a gate valve operated by a motor under control of a microprocessor in accordance with predetermined conditions as sensed by sensors such as basin water level sensors, upstream flow or rainfall sensors, and flow rate sensors downstream of the basin. The effective capacity of the basin is increased by the ability to interactively adjust the flow rate from the basin based on sensor inputs indicative of anticipated inflow rates and the flow capacity of the downstream channels and water can be retained in periods of dry weather for irrigation and the like.

Abstract: A waste water drainfield for a sewerage disposal system of the type comprising a plurality of conventional absorption trenches includes a distribution device at each absorption trench for separating waste water into two components of preselected proportions; at least one distribution pipe for each distribution device for temporarily storing a quantity of waste water and/or for distributing the waste water to its respective absorption trench; and distribution lines connecting the distribution devices in series, each distribution device delivering one of the components to its distribution pipes for temporary storage and distribution to its respective absorption trench, and delivering the other of the components to the next distribution device via a distribution line.

Abstract: A system for irrigating the roots of plants below the surface of the ground in which a narrow irrigation tube is connected at its upper end to a water distribution source. The irrigation tube extends below the surface of the ground from the water distribution source in generally vertical alignment with the stalk of the plant, and its lower end opens vertically downwardly below the roots of a plant, so that water may be discharged from the opening in the lower end in a downwardly direction. The soil in the planting site is broken up to a depth of at least five feet below ground surface.

Abstract: An agricultural irrigation system comprised of a plurality of unit pipes which constitute a water supply pipe line and another plurality of unit pipes which constitute a plurality water dispensing line each of whose respective pipe units are connected to respective center, valve/connectors which couple successive pipe units of the water supply pipe line.

Abstract: An improved water distribution system of the type that includes a distribution conduit and an irrifluent pipe disposed on or below ground for dispersing water at a controlled rate. A first pump connected to the distribution conduit passes the water through the main delivery conduit and through apertures in the irrifluent pipe. Solid matter collects within the irrifluent pipes when the dispersion of the water through apertures in the irrifluent pipes is at low pressure. The improvement includes a return conduit that is disposed in fluid communicating relation to the irrifluent pipe, and a second pump, connected in fluid flow relation to the return conduit. The second pump is operated intermittently with the first pump to increase the flow rate sufficiently to flush the collected solid matter from the irrifluent pipes and through the return conduit.

Abstract: A drip irrigation emitter head assembly is described which comprises a body member having a tubular inlet portion adapted to connect with a water supply conduit. The body member includes a circular wall surrounding the tubular inlet portion forming a plurality of passages having open upper and lower ends. A flow control device in each passage forms a constricted emitter orifice. A cap connected to the body member covers both the tubular inlet portion and the surrounding upper ends of the passages. A removable filter retained between the cap and the body member filters water before it enters the passages at their upper ends. Flexible distribution tubes are connected to the lower ends of at least some of the passages in the body member for carrying fluid to preselected locations at their outer ends.

Abstract: An agricultural irrigation system comprised of a plurality of unit pipes which constitute a water supply pipe line and another plurality of unit pipes which constitute a water dispensing line each of whose respective pipe units are connected in series by one or more separate center, valve/connectors which couple successive pipe units of both the water supply pipe line and the water dispensing pipe line.

Abstract: A valve is installed into an underground conduit to control drainage of water through that conduit. The drainage control valve includes a perforated plate across the conduit. The latter plate is formed with a peripheral groove rectangular in cross section and a hollow tube made of flexible material is inserted into this groove to seal the joint between the plate and the inner surface of the conduit. A flap also made of flexible material is applied against the upstream surface of the plate and is formed with a peripheral edge taper whereby pressure applied on the flap by water upstream of the drainage valve forces the edge taper against the upstream plate surface to form a sealed joint between these flap and plate. The upper portion of the flap is attached to the upper portion of the plate through screw and nut assemblies. These assemblies traverse rigid washers inserted in respective holes made in the flap.

Abstract: Preferably for irrigation purposes wherein a sloping conveyance includes multiple and like sized orifices aligned therealong in near level relationship to thereby provide diverted water balanced access to the orifices. A uniflow system incorporating sloping supply, downstream valved-riser and orifice line segmentation in relative position whereby selective valve actuation causes a diversion to well-up to and out the orifices simultaneously and thereby cause the automatic distribution of duplicated flow to the land. Actuator assembly mounting automates the diversion. Actuator mounting in communication with a remote controller further automates diversions through systems programming.

Abstract: An elongated, flexible unitary sheet having two longitudinal borders, said sheet being folded lengthwise, in thirds, to define a first elongated fold of said sheet sandwiched between second and third elongated folds; wherein each of said two longitudinal borders is opposite a face of one of said folds and is sealed thereto so that said second and third folds together define the outer wall of a substantially enclosed conduit and so that said first fold provides a diaphragm dividing said conduit into first and second channels; a pipe detachably connected to the upstream end of the conduit, said pipe including flow control means to stop the flow of fluid to either one of said channels while still permitting flow to the other of said channels. The flow control means comprises a longitudinal membrane in the pipe which is connected at its downstream end to the first fold, and which includes a flat elongated spring at its upstream end to move the upstream end from one inner pipe surface to an opposite inner surface.

Abstract: A surface, subsurface continuous feed moisture maintenance system for microscopic volume irrigation utilizing a preset flow rate valve, provided in a single preset flow rate stage or multiple preset flow rate stages, a moisture actuated sensor valve and a plurality of permeating, moisture distribution tubes. The preset flow rate valves are selected and set according to plant moisture needs in the geographical area being irrigated. The moisture actuated sensor valve gradually opens or closes water flow to the system according to soil moisture level conditions and thus prevents over watering and conserves on water resources. The moisture permeating action of the distribution tubes complement the preset flow rate of the valve and the moisture actuated sensor valve to maintain the subsurface at a constant moisture level.