Abstract: A conduit for dispersing or gathering liquids in the earth has an arch shape cross section and alternating peak and valley corrugations along its length, with cantilever legs extending from one end to interact with the mating portion of a like conduit. The legs, along with a shiplap joint having flange discontinuities for manufacturability, provide a superior rigid joint when the conduits are mated and buried beneath the earth and subjected to vertical loads.

Abstract: A waste water drainfield for a sewerage disposal system of the type comprising a plurality of conventional absorption trenches includes a distribution device at each absorption trench for separating waste water into two components of preselected proportions; at least one distribution pipe for each distribution device for temporarily storing a quantity of waste water and/or for distributing the waste water to its respective absorption trench; and distribution lines connecting the distribution devices in series, each distribution device delivering one of the components to its distribution pipes for temporary storage and distribution to its respective absorption trench, and delivering the other of the components to the next distribution device via a distribution line.

Abstract: An installation for the controlled dosing of an irrigation flow with a herbicide particularly for detecting root growth into the outlets of an underground drip irrigation line, includes a sealed container and a slow release herbicide material wherein a portion of the flow is directed through the herbicide impregnated material so that herbicide is controllably released into the diverted flow, and the diverted flow is reintroduced into the irrigation flow.

Abstract: The amount of water emitted from an elongated irrigation tube having a series of holes in its periphery can be decreased by forming an enlarged wall portion of the peripheral wall of the tube and locating the dispensing holes in this enlarged portion. Preferably the holes are located so as extend at an angle of less than 45.degree. to the center of the tube.

Abstract: A structural material is disclosed which comprises pieces of shredded rubber bound together using a bituminous binder with the size of the pieces of rubber being big enough for an interconnected void volume to be provided within the structural material in the range of 10 to 50% with the weight of rubber being substantially greater than the weight of binder material. The invention also relates to a roadside drain in which such structural material has been applied as an upper layer above a layer of drainage material such as 30 mm aggregate leading down to a porous drainage pipe.

Abstract: An improved railway deck drainage system includes an electrically non-conducting material formed into a plurality of hemiarcuate drain sections, each having a conduit and a coupling flange. The coupling flange of each section is matingly engaged with the conduit of the adjacent section, and the conduit is integrally coupled with a planar base to form a drain of overall hemicylindrical shape. The base of the drain extends transversely to form a pair of flanges suitable for weighting with ballast. A mounting strap couples the drain to the railway deck. Preferably, the conduit includes apertures to permit passage of water into the drain.

Abstract: The pressure drop and, hence, the flow through the holes in the peripheral walls of irrigation tubing can be increased without increasing the cross-sectional area of such holes by using non-round holes instead of conventional cylindrical holes. Preferred results when the non-round holes have a star shaped cross-sectional configuration defined by flexible fingers.

Abstract: The multiple-layer net structure has a first layer of mutually parallel wires which is rigidly associated with a second or intermediate layer of substantially mutually parallel wires, which are inclined with respect to the wires of the first layer. A third layer of wires is rigidly associated with the intermediate layer, on the opposite side thereof with respect to the first layer, and has substantially mutually parallel wires which are inclined with respect to the wires of the second or intermediate layer.

Abstract: A composite drywell, a drywell system and method employing the composite drywell, which composite drywell comprises a cylindrical drywell having a removable top and bottom section, the drywell composed of a plurality of separate, edge-interlocked, arcuate sections which together form the cylindrical wall of the drywell, each arcuate section having a one side edge with a opening extending substantially the length of the side edge and the other side edge having a beaded side edge extending substantially the length of the arcuate section, the beaded edge of the arcuate section adapted to fit in an interlocking, receiving relationship into the other side edge opening of the adjacent arcuate section so as to have all arcuate sections interlocked to form a cylindrical drywell wall.

Abstract: A snake cleanable fluid flow system is provided which incorporates a first fitting in the form of a clean-out pipe and a second fitting in the form of a baffled tee. The two fittings may be formed integrally. The clean-out pipe is in the form of a tee with the leg of the tee being divided by an interior partition into first and second fluid passageways. The crossbar of the tee is also longitudinally bisected by a partition to form second and third fluid passageways. The partitions are disposed at right angles to each other so that the first and second fluid passageways are in communication with both the third and fourth fluid passageways. A snake may be selectively directed down various paths formed by the four fluid passageways. The baffled tee fitting has a baffle which will divert a snake out either end of its crossbars.

Abstract: An irrigation tube having a polymer peripheral wall can be constructed so that the peripheral wall is composed of an even number greater than 2 of substantially rigid panels connected at their side edges by the same number of line like flexible areas. Water flow from such a tube can be regulated through the use of holes in such panels of various different shapes. Because of the use of such panels and line like areas the tube can be easily collapsed to a lay flat configuration in which it can be easily coiled, stored and handled until it is used and can be easily expanded to a normal configuration when it is used.

Abstract: An underground system for supplying water to and removing water from an athletic facility having a surface which is susceptible to excessive moisture and dryness. The system includes a plurality of substantially level watering grids which provide an arrangement of consecutive watering zones which extend across the athletic facility from one end thereof to the other. Each of the plurality of watering grids includes a plurality of parallel perforated lateral pipes which are connected at opposite ends thereof to header pipes. The plurality of substantially level watering grids are positioned at a substantially equal level below the surface of the athletic facility, regardless of the slope thereof. The system may be installed into existing athletic facilities without excessive damage or disruption to their surfaces.

Abstract: There is provided a new and useful irrigation and drainage method and apparatus, the apparatus comprising a pump for raising water via a well from a subsurface water table; a subsurface perforated piping network for distribution of water at a level between the level of the water table and the ground surface to create an artificial water table; and structure for connecting an outlet of the pump with an inlet of the piping network. Drainage piping may be provided connected to an outlet of the piping network.

Abstract: The hydrology of a "perched water table" soil profile is regulated by installing a simple subsurface air-pipe system in the gravel layer of the soil profile to uniformly control the air pressure under the turf and to adjust the equilibrium condition between the capillary rise and the gravitational forces on the water in the soil. The air pipe system includes perforated pipes extending horizontally through the gravel layer of the soil profile at regular, spaced-apart intervals. The pipes are located adjacent the gravel layer/choker layer interface in vertical alignment with each drain pipe in the water drainpipe trench(es). The pipes are oriented such that the perforations extend along one (or both) sides of the pipe. A vacuum is applied to the pipes and the air is withdrawn uniformly across the gravel layer and the choker layer. According to one aspect of the invention, the air pressure difference across the rootzone acts as an additional force assisting gravity in the extraction of water from the rootzone.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for distributing graywater from graywater sources exclusive of sewer sources has a plurality of distributors dispersed in a ground distribution area, each distributer having a cavity with a top and a bottom which is vertically displaced from the top, an inlet port in the top, and an outlet means, wherein the outlet means includes a graywater-to-ground interface means forming the bottom of the cavity. The outlet means is preferably a perforate screen and the cavity is preferably a frustoconical section designed for burial in the ground in a hole of less than about one foot in diameter. Gravity feed or pressure feed may force the graywater into the soil without allowing the graywater to stagnate. The shape of the cavity prevents vertical displacement of the distributor when it is buried. A one-time inlet connector port assures that feed conduit is not inadvertently removed. A filter system prevents graywater from backing up.

Abstract: Irrigation apparatus comprising, in combination, a main water feed pipe made of elastically deformable material and at least one branch including a needle having a sharp end and sufficiently stiff to be capable of being connected to the main pipe by being forced through the wall thereof, wherein a portion of the inside surface of the wall of the main pipe includes an extra thickness of a resiliently deformable rubber material of hardness which is much less than that of the material constituting the wall of the pipe and which is suitable for sealing orifices formed through its bulk.

Abstract: A gravel-packed pipeline is formed by inserting a liner pipe having a porous pipe contained therein. A conveyor pipe is attached to the liner pipe for conveying filtering material such as gravel. After positioning the liner pipe, the end of the porous pipe is pushed out and anchored. The liner is removed while the filtering material is conveyed to the hole.

Abstract: A length of plastic with a copper powder adhered to a surface thereof along its length for control of growth of algae and the like, and method and apparatus for producing such a product. A multi-chamber drip irrigation hose for distributing water and the like having a larger primary tube and a smaller secondary tube of flexible water impermeable material and joined at a common wall having passages facing the interior of the primary tube in communication with the interior of the secondary tube and having passages leading from the interior of the secondary tube to the exterior, with a copper powder adhered to at least one inner surface along the length of the tube, with the powder being in a continuous layer or in a non-continuous layer. In one embodiment the copper powder is applied from a reservoir onto a plastic film by brushing directly onto the film or by transfer from a rotating wheel carrying the copper powder.

Abstract: A field construction for sports or other fields is disclosed which includes a substrate or other surface layer and also a filter layer having a pipe network (2,3). The pipe network (2,3) comprises numerous perforated multi-purpose pipes (3) to dry the field and to lead air through the field. In the filter layer (4), the proportion of fine material or material having a granular size of less than 0.06 mm is less than 5%; most advantageously the proportion is less than 1%, so that the filter layer is highly permeable to air, and the substrate includes so much fine material that is less permeable to air.

Abstract: An agricultural irrigation system comprised of a plurality of unit pipes which constitute a water supply pipe line and another plurality of unit pipes which constitute a plurality water dispensing line each of whose respective pipe units are connected to respective center, valve/connectors which couple successive pipe units of the water supply pipe line.

Abstract: A conduit for dispersing or gathering liquids in the earth has an arch shape cross section and alternating peak and valley corrugations along its length. At one end of the conduit is a sub-arch for receiving a pipe. In one embodiment there is a discontinuous valley by the sub-arch and a continuous web on the peak corrugation near the sub-arch in combination with cantilevered legs. In another embodiment the web is discontinuous while the valley is continuous in the region of the sub-arch. Both essential constructions provide a strong joint when conduits are mated to each other and are buried in the earth and subjected to a load.

Abstract: A preassembled unit for a sewage nitrification field has minimum outward dimensions of loose, lightweight plastic aggregate material enveloped and bound by a plastic sleeve around a horizontal conduit. In one embodiment, the unit takes a bag form with an aggregate-filled netting sleeve concentrically surrounding and fastened to the ends of corrugated plastic vent pipe. In another form, the sleeve is a plastic extrusion of rectangular cross-section and the conduit can be formed integrally with the sleeve. Cross-webbing is added for strength. In ground installation, conduitless units make up the insufficiency of aggregate dimension. Mating male and female end caps are used to interconnect the conduit of adjacent units end-to-end. Apparatus for manufacturing the concentric netting sleeve/vent pipe version has a hopper that discharges aggregate into the top of a mandrel and an annular disc or helical auger blade that pushes the aggregate forward into the sleeve.

Abstract: The seeping irrigation hosepipe has an integral textile tube core (1) and a porous material (2) covering the integral textile tube core (1). The textile tube core (1) is resistant to action of organic and inorganic agents, to moisture and to temperature variations. The porous material includes a mixture of resin, plasticizer, colloidal diamond black, bactericides, fungicides, algicides and thickeners and has a water absorption capacity of from 0.5% to 50% by weight of the mixture. The weight ratio of the textile tube core (1) to the porous material is from 5/1 to 1/5. This irrigation hosepipe has the required flexibility and a high tensile and breaking strength against pressure of the irrigation liquid, which allows it to be installed on the surface or buried underground.

Abstract: Beach stabilization with multiple flow control of water to and from foraminous pipes and adjacent subsoil. Offshore underwater subsoil is fluidized by injection of water via underlying foraminous piping, thereby increasing the concentration of subsoil suspended in the overlying water during its onrush onto the shore. Under normal conditions beach subsoil is dewatered by withdrawing water therefrom via adjacent foraminous piping, and under stormy conditions subsoil further onshore is dewatered via foraminous piping adjacent thereto, inducing deposition of the suspended subsoil onto the adjacent land. Water collected by such dewatering can be used in such fluidization.

Abstract: In accordance with the disclosed invention a desirable, elongated irrigation tube having a plastic or polymer peripheral wall in which there are a series of dispensing holes leading from the interior of said tubing to the exterior of said tubing is constructed so as to include at least one of the following: (1) all of said holes having a cross-sectional shape along a section taken perpendicular to the length of said holes such that the ratio of the length of the perimeter of the interior of the wall of each hole to the cross-sectional area of the hole is greater than that of a circle; (2) that said wall includes a body of a plastic material containing an effective amount of a root inhibitor to preclude root growth within said holes and adjacent to said holes at the exterior of said wall; and (3) said wall consisting of an even number of elongated panels and line like areas of reduced thickness which are more flexible than said panels joining said panels, said areas permitting said tubing to automatically fold

Abstract: A method of providing an efficient underground irrigation means is introduced to deliver the irrigation liquid from a supply or supplies through an underground irrigation means to the areas to be irrigated without sending the irrigation liquid above the ground. This underground irrigation means comprises a control means and an irrigation liquid distribution means. The control means is used to control the speed, timing, or pressure of the irrigation liguid flow to accomplish the optimal irrigation results. The irrigation liquid distribution means transfer the irrigation liquid from supplies through the control means to irrigation liquid conducting means and, then, from the irrigation liquid conducting means to the diffusion irrigation means. The diffusion irrigation means, being appropriately laid out in the area to be irrigated, disperses the irrigation liquid over the areas to be irrigated.

Abstract: An improved water distribution system of the type that includes a distribution conduit and an irrifluent pipe disposed on or below ground for dispersing water at a controlled rate. A first pump connected to the distribution conduit passes the water through the main delivery conduit and through apertures in the irrifluent pipe. Solid matter collects within the irrifluent pipes when the dispersion of the water through apertures in the irrifluent pipes is at low pressure. The improvement includes a return conduit that is disposed in fluid communicating relation to the irrifluent pipe, and a second pump, connected in fluid flow relation to the return conduit. The second pump is operated intermittently with the first pump to increase the flow rate sufficiently to flush the collected solid matter from the irrifluent pipes and through the return conduit.

Abstract: The invention is a water remover-soil stabilizer, comprised of PVC pipes assembled in a polygonal shape with a discharge pipe at an upper end and connected to a water withdrawal pump. Water is admitted to the lower, horizontal pipe, through a plurality of extremely narrow slits, longitudinally spaced, and laterally extending circumferentially therein which render the section water pervious. After the pit is dug, the invention is inserted into the pit and the pumping is started. The invention withdraws only the water since the width of the slits is less than the diameter of the average sized sugar-sand grain.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for distributing greywater to a soil bed without significant erosion of the soil bed. An interior tube defining at least one aperture is disposed within an exterior tube. The interior tube and the exterior tube are immersed in a soil bed for aerobic decomposition of greywater discharged from the greywater distribution apparatus into the soil bed. The apertures of the interior tube are sealed from the soil bed when greywater is not being discharged into the soil bed. Directing greywater into the interior tube at a sufficient pressure causes greywater within the interior tube to be directed through the apertures. The exterior tube baffles the flow of greywater through the apertures, thereby diminishing the velocity of the greywater. The greywater then passes between the interior tube and the exterior tube and is discharged from the exterior tube through a slot which extends along a substantial portion of the exterior tube.

Abstract: An underground system for supplying water to and removing water from an athletic facility having a surface which is susceptible to excessive moisture and dryness. The system includes an array of pipes which are positioned within rectangularly cross sectioned trenches having substantially level bottoms. Water is supplied to and removed from the array of pipes by a water control system at ambient pressures. The system may be installed into existing athletic facilities without excessive damage or disruption to their surfaces.

Abstract: A pipe arrangement for a playfield is disclosed which includes a surface layer and a filter layer beneath the surface layer. In the filter layer, there is situated an arrangement of pipes, divided into several sections. In each section, there are numerous perforated multi-purpose pipes to dry the field and to circulate warm air into it. These multi-purpose pipes are connected at intervals by their ends to a distribution pipe and these in their turn at intervals by their ends to a main pipe, which is finally connected to blowing machinery by means of a feed pipe. The invention is primarily intended to be used in connection with grassy playfields, but it can also be applied to the construction of other types of fields.

Abstract: A rotary self-cleaning strainer comprises a circular cylindrical walled pipe on which a circular cylindrical filter screen assembly is journaled for rotation. The pipe has an intake that is surrounded by the filter screen assembly and a discharge that is connected to a pump. When the strainer is placed in a body of water that is to be pumped, water is drawn through the screen that forms the sidewall of the filter screen assembly and enters the intake of the pipe. The filtered water is conducted through the PVC pipe and to the pump. Two sets of nozzles disposed within the filter screen assembly are supplied with return water through a supply line tapped into the pump outlet. The water is forcefully emitted against the screen to both rotate the screen assembly and dislodge adhering debris from the exterior of the screen. Each set of nozzles is 180 degrees from the other so that each acts upon a limited zone of the screen.

Abstract: A rigid type swimming pool or other rigid type structure formed in the ground in which the excavated sides and bottom provides the form for the rigid shell, is subject to increased pressures from the soil, where the surrounding soil is of the expansive clay type. Clay, being of fine soil particles, expands when there is the presence of water, and contracts when there is loss of water. In such a case, flexible, porous expansion material can be placed between the soil and shell to provide room for this movement when the clay soil expands and contracts; due to the variable water percentage present at any given time.

Abstract: A conduit and method of installing water conduits, electrical conduits or drainage conduits in soil. The conduit has a hollow body with a flat top, an integral upper flange and a wedge-shaped integral lower flange, adapted to be received or forced into the soil to provide a watering system or the like with the flange flush with the top of the soil.

Abstract: A drainage quilt which operably rests adjacent to a subterranean conduit and facilitates water removal and dispersal from underground drainage sites. The drainage quilt includes a water permeable membrane configured in a generally rectangular container and a plurality of drainage members disposed within the container. The drainage members are composed of recycled or new plastic or chunks of old rubber tires and are positioned in a homogeneous fashion to create drainage channels through the subject quilt. Flexible positioning ties extend perpendicularly through the rectangular container to retain the relative positioning of the drainage members. The ties prevent the drainage members from assembling at any one area of the drainage quilt and thus encourage an equal distribution of fluid flow throughout the quilt.

Abstract: A landfill site is adapted to collect leachate seeping from landfill. A liner impedes passage of liquids between the landfill and a subjacent stratum. A leachate collection layer formed of drainage material is located between the liner and the landfill. Apertured conduits embedded within the drainage material convey the leachate to a pair of subsurface gallery extending along opposite sides of the site and accessible from the surface. Each collection conduit has a discharge end extending through the gallery sidewall where leachate flows can be inspected and obstructions in the conduit can be removed. A groundwater gallery is constructed below the liner in the subjacent stratum and is also accessible from the surface. Blind-ended slots in the upper surface of the stratum are filled with drainage material. Apertured groundwater collection conduits in the slots convey groundwater into the interior of the gallery.

Abstract: In septic systems for handling household waste water or in clear water drainage applications, lightweight molded polyethylene galleries are used to form the drain field. The galleries can be axially aligned in end-to-end relationship with each gallery defining an interior hollow chamber. A unique latching system is used to attach adjoining galleries to one another. A perforated delivery conduit extends through and introduces effluent into the hollow chambers of the galleries where it is allowed to seep therefrom into the surrounding earth through the open bottoms of the galleries or through infiltration apertures in the walls of the galleries.

Abstract: The subject invention is a water retrieval system for a field irrigation system and comprises a water source, from which water is drawn for the irrigation process, and an intermediate reservoir in which water is stored, a delivery system to the field to be irrigated, with vertically extendable irrigation sprinklers strategically placed in the fields and a return irrigation system. The vertically extendable irrigation sprinkler members are controlled by remote water pressure flow or other automatically actuated means.

Abstract: The system for removing the soil gas from the ground surrounding the building structure, includes a clean-out receptacle, an air duct system, and a fan. The clean-out pipes are installed inside the building structure, accessible from the ground level and near junctions between the interconnecting pipes and the drain tile. The air duct system is securable to a clean-out receptacle, and the fan is installed inside the air duct. The air duct system is disconnected from the clean-out receptacle during the cleaning of the drain tile system. The pressurized fluid projecting through the tip of the rocket nozzle, removes any obstructions in the drain tile, and the pressurized fluid projecting rearward from the nozzle, propels the rocket nozzle through the drain trail system. The air duct system is then connected to the clean-out pipe.

Abstract: A gravity sub-drainage system for drainage of level-graded natural grass athletic fields. A plurality of parallel trenches are formed in a level-graded subgrade beneath the surface of the field. A main drainage system is provided at the lowest point of the subgrade. A collector pipe is placed into a trench at one end of the field sloping downward into the main drainage system. Perforated drain pipes are placed in the parallel trenches to slope downward toward the collector pipe and to slope downward toward the main drainage system to ensure that water collected from the surface will flow down into the collector pipe and into the main drainage system by the forces of gravity without the need for a mechanical pumping system.A layer of pea gravel capable of draining at a preferred rate of eighteen inches per hour is placed around and above the perforated drain pipe up to a height of four inches above the top of the subgrade.

Abstract: A channel section is of generally U-shaped cross-section and is made from glass fibre reinforced concrete. The section can be thin and light and easily man-handled. In order to provide the section with sufficient rigidity during the setting of a concrete back fill around the section, a framework of reinforcing bars is provided spaced from the reinforced concrete channel member by tie bars. The reinforcing bars and tie bars form a rigid composite structure with the fibre reinforced concrete member which keeps the member rigid while the concrete back fill is drying and which forms a reinforcing structure in the concrete after drying.

Abstract: Water is removed from an underground perforated pipe by a submersible pump inserted into an imperforate pipe extending from above ground to below ground level for communication with the perforated pipe. An inflatable bladder seals the submersible pump to the inner wall of the imperforate pipe for facilitating suction of water from the perforated pipe into the imperforate pipe. Water is drawn into a proximal end of the pump and expelled out of a distal end of a pump, and out of the imperforate pipe above ground level. By sealing the pump to the inner wall of the imperforate pipe, the pump is capable of drawing water from an underground perforated pipe located at a depth greater than the pumping capacity of the pump for drawing up water.

Abstract: A drip irrigation emitter head assembly is described which comprises a body member having a tubular inlet portion adapted to connect with a water supply conduit. The body member includes a circular wall surrounding the tubular inlet portion forming a plurality of passages having open upper and lower ends. A flow control device in each passage forms a constricted emitter orifice. A cap connected to the body member covers both the tubular inlet portion and the surrounding upper ends of the passages. A removable filter retained between the cap and the body member filters water before it enters the passages at their upper ends. Flexible distribution tubes are connected to the lower ends of at least some of the passages in the body member for carrying fluid to preselected locations at their outer ends.

Abstract: A preassembled unit for a sewage nitrification field has minimum outward dimensions of loose, lightweight plastic aggregate material enveloped and bound by a plastic sleeve around a horizontal conduit. In one embodiment, the unit takes a bag form with an aggregate-filled netting sleeve concentrically surrounding and fastened to the ends of corrugated plastic vent pipe. In another form, the sleeve is a plastic extrusion of rectangular cross-section and the conduit can be formed integrally with the sleeve. Cross-webbing is added for strength. In ground installation, conduitless units make up for insufficiency of aggregate dimension. Mating male and female end caps are used to interconnect the conduit of adjacent units end-to-end. Apparatus for manufacturing the concentric netting sleeve/vent pipe version has a hopper that discharges aggregate into the top of a mandrel and an annular disc or helical auger blade that pushes the aggregate forward into the sleeve.

Abstract: An apertured pipe segment is disclosed which is of injection moulded plastics construction and can be used to form a well screen or sub-soil drainage pipe. Each aperture comprises a longitudinally extending inner slot which extends from a slot mouth inwardly and is defined by inwardly diverging slot walls, and an outer slot which extends from the outside of the pipe segment inwardly to the slot mouth. The smallest width of the outer slot is greater than the width of the slot mouth. The inner slot is open longitudinally to one end of the pipe segment and the outer slot is open longitudinally to the other end of the pipe segment. The pipe segments can thus be made by an inexpensive two-part mould not requiring collapsible cores.

Abstract: An agricultural irrigation system comprised of a plurality of unit pipes which constitute a water supply pipe line and another plurality of unit pipes which constitute a water dispensing line each of whose respective pipe units are connected in series by one or more separate center, valve/connectors which couple successive pipe units of both the water supply pipe line and the water dispensing pipe line.

Abstract: A rigid cell-like structure primarily for use under gardens and roads where it is required to provided good drainage; the cell comprising two substantially parallel perforate planar surfaces maintained in a fixed spaced relationship from each other by means of a plurality of spacer members; the perforate nature of both surfaces and the disposition of spacer members being such that gases or liquids may freely pass through the composite structure around the spacer means in any direction.

Abstract: An improvement in a sewage disposal system and method of the type in which sewage is distributed to an effluent absorption area in the earth for dissipation to the earth includes placing a layer of peat moss over the effluent absorption area to essentially cover the effluent absorption area and interposing a porous sheet, preferably of geotextile fabric, between the layer of peat moss and the effluent absorption area.

Abstract: A conduit for dispersing or gathering liquids in the earth has an arch shape cross section and alternating peak and valley corrugations along its length. A more rigid shiplap joint is formed between mating conduits by means of cantilever legs extending from the end of a conduit, forming a female pocket like space for the mating unit, and by having a continuous web on the peak corrugation adjacent the end. A sub-arch at the top of an overlapped valley end, to enable connection of a pipe to the conduit, is spaced apart from the web of the adjacent peak corrugation; there are multiple legs on either side of the sub-arch, with the sub-arch connected by webs to the adjacent legs, and by other webs to the peak corrugation.

Abstract: Collapsible cellular arrays constructed of biodegradable material are employed to define liquid flow courses in a subterranean environment. The cellular arrays receive and support, in a desired orientation and position, liquid delivery/removal conduits. The cells of the arrays are preferrable hexagonal in shape and are filled with a particulate filter material.