Abstract: A composite body for use, for example as a cutting tool, having a metal-carbonitride layer of titanium, zirconium or hafnium carbonitride with at least two of these metals in the lattice structure as deposited by a CVD or plasma-activated-CVD process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal bonded abrasive tool wherein the tool has improved life and mechanical properties. The invention further includes the bond composition which allows for improved life and mechanical properties, particularly in diamond blade dressing tools.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating on the substrate. The coating includes a base adhesion layer that is on at least a portion of the substrate. A first intermediate adhesion layer, which includes boron and a first element, that is on the base adhesion layer. A second intermediate adhesion layer, which includes boron, the first element, and nitrogen, that is on the first intermediate adhesion layer. An outer adhesion layer, which includes boron and nitrogen preferably in the form of cubic boron nitride, that is on the second intermediate adhesion layer. A wear coating scheme wherein the innermost layer of the wear coating scheme is on the outer adhesion layer.

Abstract: Diamond film with substantially no non-diamond carbon and a high thermal conductivity is deposited by means of a direct current arc jet apparatus with a substrate temperature below about 975 degrees Celsius, an arc power of between about 20 and 40 kw. A pressure of about 12 torr, and an enthalpy greater than 30 from a activated gas jet fed with hydrogen and methane, the methane being supplied at a concentration of less than 0.07%. The resulting material has a high transparency and thermal conductivity.Also disclosed is the use of the diamond material made by the present method for cutting tool applications, particularly milling.

Abstract: A cutting insert that has a flank face and a rake face and a cutting edge at the juncture thereof. The substrate presents a bulk region that contains a metallic binder, as well as one or more of Group IVB, Group VB, and Group VIB metal carbides and/or carbonitrides. The substrate further includes a flank surface region near the flank face of the substrate that has a solid solution metal carbide and/or carbonitride content greater than that of the bulk region. The substrate includes a rake surface region near the rake face of the substrate with a solid solution metal carbide content that is less than that of the flank surface region.

Abstract: A metal cutting insert includes a cemented carbide body having a cutting edge and a hole therein for receiving a fastening screw. The hole includes female screw threads for being screw threaded to the fastening screw. The insert is made by a process involving injection molding and sintering steps.

Abstract: A shaft tool for metal cutting machining, includes a cutting portion and a shaft portion. The cutting portion includes a fist part formed with a cutting edge, and a second part formed with an external screw thread. The first and second parts are of one-piece integral construction. The shaft portion includes an internal screw thread to which the external screw thread is removably secured.

Abstract: A superhard cutting element having a polished, low friction 1 substantially planar cutting face with a surface finish roughness of 10 .mu. in. or less and preferably 0.5 .mu. in. or less. A chamfered cutting edge and side surface of the superhard material table of the same surface finish roughness are also disclosed. The surface roughness of the aforementioned superhard material table portions may be reduced by mechanically smoothing and polishing according to one of several variations of the method of the invention.

Abstract: A ceramic composition produced by the consolidation of a blend of starting components. The composition comprises a matrix with one or more of the carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of hafnium, molybdenum, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, vanadium and tungsten, titanium nitride, and titanium carbonitride in an amount that is greater than 50 volume percent of the matrix. The matrix comprises between 60 and 99.8 volume percent of the composition. Ceramic whiskers are uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix wherein the ceramic whiskers comprises between 0.2 and 40 volume percent of the composition.

Abstract: A cutting insert which comprises a rake face and a flank face wherein there is a cutting edge at the juncture of the rake face and the flank face. The cutting insert has a coating and a substrate wherein the coating is adherently bonded to the substrate. The substrate is a tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide wherein there is a zone of non-stratified cobalt enrichment beginning near and extending inwardly from a peripheral surface of the substrate. The bulk substrate has a porosity of greater than C00 and less than or equal to C02.

Abstract: An improved coldforming tool made of a zone in a tungsten carbide-cobalt cemented carbide is disclosed. The tool, preferably a wire drawing nib, contains WC with a mean grain size of 1.5-2 .mu.m and 5-7 weight % Co and with a carbon content close to saturation level and sufficient to exhibit cobalt magnetic measurements of 92%-98% of that of pure cobalt.

Abstract: A coating scheme comprising a boron and nitrogen containing layer that satisfactorily adheres to a substrate is disclosed. The satisfactorily adherent coating scheme comprises a base layer, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer and the boron and nitrogen containing layer. The coating scheme is compatible with tooling for drilling, turning, milling, and/or forming hard, difficult to cut materials. The coating scheme has been applied to cutting inserts comprised of cermets or ceramics using PVD techniques. The boron and nitrogen layer preferably comprises boron nitride and, more preferably, cubic boron nitride.

Abstract: Oxide-based ceramic cutting inserts for chipforming machining of steel, comprising a ceramic oxide-based matrix of alumina and less than 10% by volume zirconia and 5-40% by volume of homogeneously dispersed whiskers based upon (Ta.sub.x Hf.sub.y Ti.sub.1-x-y)C.sub.1-z N.sub.z where 0<x<0.75 and 0<y<0.75, x+y>0.25 and 0.ltoreq.z<1.

Abstract: There is disclosed a coated cutting insert particularly useful for cutting in cast iron materials. The insert is characterized by a straight WC-Co cemented carbide body having a highly W-alloyed Co binder phase, a well-defined surface content of Co and a coating including an innermost layer of TiC.sub.x N.sub.y O.sub.z with columnar grains, a layer of a fine-grained, textured Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer and a top layer of TiC.sub.x N.sub.y O.sub.z that has been removed along the cutting edge line.

Abstract: There is provided a coated cutting insert particularly useful for finishing operations in milling of grey cast iron. The insert has a fine-grained WC-Co cemented carbide body and a coating of multiple layers of TiC.sub.x N.sub.y deposited at conditions aiming to minimize the decarburization of the cutting edge without any negative effects on the substrate. There is also disclosed a method of applying a TiC.sub.x N.sub.y layer by CVD technique on a cemented carbide cutting insert without eta phase formation and without etching of the binder phase.

Abstract: Sintered silicon nitride articles for cutting tools and the like, having a high relative density, excellent wear resistance and nicking, particularly at high temperatures, and a method for preparing such articles are disclosed. The articles are made by mixing 0.25 to 3.0 vol % of magnesium oxide powder and 0.3 to 2.0 vol % of ytterbium oxide with silicon nitride starting materials, then crushing and mixing, optionally with 1.0%-vol. or less, preferably 0.5%-vol. or more of aluminum oxide powder and adding an organic binder. The article is formed using a metal press to a shape for usage as SNGN120408 tools. The sintered silicon nitride articles for tools are obtained by degasing the shaped articles, subjecting them to a primary firing at 1700 to 1900.degree. C. and 0.3 to 1.0 MPa temperature and pressure, and following with a secondary firing at a temperature which is substantially lower than the primary firing temperature, at a pressure of 100 MPa or greater.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silicon nitride based cutting tool insert for chipforming machining of cast iron material having improved mechanical, chemical and wear properties. This is obtained by addition of one or more transition metal oxides which act as a sintering aid together with alumina and yttria and also promote the growth of elongated grains of beta silicon nitride during the sintering. Preferably, the inserts are provided with a wear resistant coating as known in the art. The ceramic cutting tool material according to the present invention comprises a beta silicon nitride matrix with total amount of 0.5-10 weight %, preferably 0.5-6 weight %, of an intergranular phase and 0.05-3 weight % of at least one secondary crystalline phase of a transition metal carbide, nitride, carbonitride and/or silicide present as spherical particles with a size of 0.1-2 .mu.m, preferably submicron (0.01-1 .mu.m). The transition metal is preferably niobium and/or tantalum.

Abstract: A coated cemented carbide member includes a cemented carbide base material containing a binder metal of at least one iron family metal and a hard phase, and a coating layer provided on the surface of the cemented carbide base material. The hard phase contains at least one metal component selected from carbides, nitrides, carbo-nitrides and carbonic nitrides of Zr and/or Hf and WC. A layer consisting of only WC and an, iron family metal or a binder phase enriched layer or a low hardness layer is provided on an outermost surface of each insert edge portion of the cemented carbide base material. The coating layer is a single or multiple layer consisting of at least one metal component selected from carbides, nitrides, carbo-nitrides, oxides and borides of metals belonging to the groups IVB, VB and VIB of the periodic table. Due to this structure, it is possible to improve chipping resistance with no deterioration of wear resistance in the coated cemented carbide member to be used, for example, as a cutting tool.

Abstract: An oxide coated cutting tool including a body coated with refractory single- or multilayers one of which consists of single-phase .kappa.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 characterized by controlled microstructure with crystal planes preferably grown in the (210)-direction with respect to the exposed surface of the coated body. The oxide coated cutting tool exhibits increased wear properties when machining ball bearing steel.

Abstract: An end mill includes a shank, a pull rod having a first end connected to a front end of the shank, and a second end connected to an end mill head. The end mill head has a centering surface engageable with a centering surface formed on either the pull rod or shank. The end mill head includes a radially extending abutment surface engageable with a radial abutment surface formed on the shank.

Abstract: In order to improve the wear resistancy--including adherence behaviour, ductility and shearing strength--at a diamond coated multiphase body, an element enrichment is applied in controlled manner in the interphase of base body and diamond layer.

Abstract: A cutting insert includes a cemented carbide body having two main cutting edges joined by a corner cutting edge. A primary land extends behind the corner and main cutting edges. A chip breaker in the form of a micro ridge projects upwardly from a section of the primary land located in the vicinity of the cutting corner. The primary land has a width in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mm, and the micro ridge has a width which is between 25 and 80 percent of the width of the primary land.

Abstract: A cutting tool for milling comprises an insert consisting of a cubic boron nitride sintered body having heat conductivity of at least 400 W/m.K at 120.degree. C. and a thermal expansion coefficient within the range of at least 3.0.times.10.sup.-6 /K and not more than 4.0.times.10.sup.-6 /K in the temperature range of 20.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. According to this cutting tool for milling, sufficient tool life can be attained in high-speed face milling under a wet condition and high-speed end milling under a wet condition.

Abstract: Super hard composite material for tools, comprising a substrate of CBN sintered body containing more than 20% by volume of cubic boron nitride (CBN), improved in strength of base material, wear-resistance, hardness at high temperatures and acid-resistance usable in cutting work of steels which are difficult to be machined. The substrate (2) has a laminated film (1) consisting of super thin films (a) and (b) each deposited alternatively on the substrate (2), the super thin film (a) being made of nitride and/or carbide of at least one element selected from a group comprising IVa group elements, Va group elements, VIa group elements, Al and B and possessing a crystal structure of cubic system and metallic bond property, the super thin film (b) being made of at least one compound possessing a crystal structure other than cubic system and covalent bond property under equilibrium condition at ambient temperature and pressure, each unit layer of the super thin films (a) and (b) having a thickness of 0.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool that has a rake face and a flank face with a cutting edge at the juncture of the rake and flanks faces, a substrate, and a coating bonded to the substrate. The coating has a coating scheme that includes a layer of a Group IVB metal-aluminum alloy applied by physical vapor deposition, and a layer of alumina applied by physical vapor deposition to the layer of the Group IVB metal-aluminum alloy.

Abstract: A cutting member to be connected to a material removing device such as an annular bit, a drilling bit, a cutting bit, a saw and the like, consists of a binder agent, diamond grains and a small amount of hard material particles. The hard material particles reinforce the binder agent and supports the anchorage of the diamond grains.

Abstract: A coated hard metal for a cutting tool is excellent in wear resistance and chipping resistance. The coated hard metal includes a hard coating layer on a surface of a base material of cemented carbide or cermet. The hard coating layer includes an inner layer (2) on the base material (1), an intermediate layer (3) on the inner layer (2) and an outer layer (4) on the intermediate layer (3). The inner layer (2) consists of a carbide, a nitride, a carbo-nitride, a carbo-oxide, a carbonitrogen oxide or a boronitride of Ti. The intermediate layer (3) consists of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or ZrO.sub.2. The outer layer (4) consists of a carbide, a nitride, a carbo-nitride, a carbo-oxide, a carbonitrogen oxide or a boronitride of Ti. The thickness of the inner layer (2) is 0.1 to 5 .mu.m, the thickness of the intermediate layer (3) is 5 to 50 .mu.m in the case of it being an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer and 0.5 to 20 .mu.m in the case of it being a ZrO.sub.2 layer, and the thickness of the outer layer (4) is 5 to 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: A coated cutting insert particularly useful for intermittent cutting of low alloyed steel. The insert is characterized by a WC-Co-based cemented carbide body having a highly W-alloyed Co-binder phase and a coating including an inner layer of TiC.sub.x N.sub.y O.sub.z with columnar grains and an outer coating of a fine grained, textured .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -layer.

Abstract: There is provided a tool at least partly coated with at least two refractory layers of which one of the said layers is a fine-grained .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -layer which is the top layer along the cutting edge-line and the other a TiC.sub.x N.sub.y O.sub.z - or a ZrC.sub.x N.sub.y -layer being the top layer on the clearance face. The coated tool exhibits excellent flank and crater wear and high resistance to flaking, particularly when used for machining of low carbon steel and stainless steel. Used cutting edges can easily be identified by the naked eye.

Abstract: A method of making a diamond-coated insert includes, obtaining a substrate of durable and diamond adherent material having a substantially smooth surface on which is coated a diamond layer using any known CVD technique, and partitioning the diamond covered substrate with a laser beam into multiple inserts with desired geometries. If desired, the insert edges and corners may be thereafter machined or ablated until the desired smoothness and finish are achieved, and a fastening throughbore may be preformed or drilled in the center of each insert. The diamond-coated inserts as formed have a top surface entirely coated by a surface layer of diamond of a first thickness, and at least one rake face which is not diamond-coated beyond the surface layer of diamond.

Abstract: A method for preparing a ceramic article comprising compacting a particulate alloy of a primary oxide and a secondary oxide to form a blank, and sintering the blank in contact with substantially pure zirconium oxide. The primary oxide is zirconium oxide and the secondary oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Sc.sub.2 O.sub.3, rare earth oxides and combinations thereof. Ceramic articles produced have tetragonal phase cores and monoclinic cases.

Abstract: An insert made of an ultra-high-pressure sintered compact and including no base metal or support layer is brazed to a tool body under vacuum by use of a Ti-containing activated silver brazing filler metal. This method permits the insert to be securely fixed to the tool body without fear of the insert coming off the tool body even if the tool is a helical one. Because no base metal layer is needed, the manufacturing yield, efficiency and productivity are improved.

Abstract: An exchangeable cutting insert having a substantially prismatic shape is disclosed. The insert has an upper rake surface, an opposite, substantially parallel base surface and side surfaces, adjacent side surfaces intersecting at an insert corner. Each side surface also intersects with the rake surface so as to define a cutting edge. Each cutting edge comprises a major cutting edge portion extending from one insert corner and merging with a succeeding, associated minor cutting edge portion, which terminates in a successive insert corner. Chip diverting ribs respectively associated with each of the cutting edges are formed on the rake surface. Each rib extends from a region adjacent the merger of the major and minor cutting edge portions on its associated cutting edge, and is substantially coextensive with the region of merger and is spaced from this region by a portion of the rake surface.

Abstract: A coated turning insert particularly useful for turning of forged components of stainless steel low alloyed steel. The insert is characterized by a WC-Co cemented carbide body having a highly W-alloyed Co-binder phase and a coating including an innermost layer of TiC.sub.x N.sub.y O.sub.z with columnar grains and a top layer of fine grained .kappa.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: An improved coated hard alloy tool having a substrate made of a hard alloy, and a multi-layer ceramic coating film provided on the surface of the substrate, the coating film including at least one oxide layer. The top several layers of the coating film are missing partially or completely in an area where the tool is brought into frictional contact with a workpiece. At least one oxide layer (such as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer) is included in the missing layers. This increases wear resistance of the coated hard alloy tool.

Abstract: The presently claimed invention discloses a compound body of a wear resistant substrate with a surface coating, which body is suitable for wear parts and tools applications. The body includes top and bottom surfaces and at least one peripheral wall extending therebetween, the intersection of said peripheral wall and at least said top surface forming a cutting edge. The surface coating on said body is a diamond coating of a thickness of 1-30 .mu.m deposited directly from the gas phase in a reactor by CVD or PVD technique in a manner so as to ensure rigid bonding to said carbide substrate. The top face is provided with an integral chipformer so as to provide chips formed during machining into a desired and controllable configuration.

Abstract: A body such as a cutting tool coated with refractory single- or multilayers, wherein specific layers are characterized by a controlled microstructure and phase composition with crystal planes preferably grown in a preferential direction with respect to the surface of the coated body. The coating includes one or several refractory layers of which at least one layer is a dense, fine-grained layer of .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 preferably textured in the (104) direction. The coated tool exhibits excellent surface finish and shows much improved wear and toughness properties compared to prior art objects when used for machining steel, cast iron and, particularly, when machining nodular cast iron.

Abstract: In a cutting blade made of a titanium carbonitride-base cermet comprising:3 to 20% by weight of a metal binder phase, the principal ingredients of which are Co and/or Ni,3 to 30% by weight of a single-structural hard phase comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of carbide, nitride and carbonitride compounds of metal elements belonging to Groups 4a, 5a and 6a of the periodic table and a solid-solution comprising at least two said compounds, andthe balance being a double-structural hard phase which comprises a core portion and a shell portion completely surrounding said core portion, wherein said core and shell portions comprise as substituents titanium carbonitride and/or a carbonitride compound of Ti and at least one element M selected from metal elements belonging to Groups 4a, 5a and 6a of the periodic table other than Ti, except that the shell portion must contain a carbonitride compound of at least M, and wherein said shell portion has a lower content of Ti and a higher conte

Abstract: A coated cutting tool, as well as a method for making tool and a method for the milling of ductile iron using the cutting tool wherein the cutting tool includes a rake face and a flank face with a cutting edge at the juncture there. The cutting tool also presents a coating and a substrate. The substrate comprises a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide having a bulk composition of no more than 7 weight percent tantalum, no more than 3 weight percent niobium, no more than 5 weight percent titanium, no more than 1 weight percent chromium, between about 5 and about 13 weight percent cobalt, and the balance tungsten carbide. The coating has an innermost coating scheme including at least one layer adjacent to the substrate, and an outermost layer comprising titanium carbide applied by chemical vapor deposition layer.

Abstract: The reliability of a braze joint formed between a diamond film and a tungsten carbide body is increased by use of a vanadium-containing braze. The braze joint exhibits an average shear strength greater than about 40,000 pounds per square inch, (276 MPa) and the braze exhibits a contact angle with the diamond film of less than about 15.degree..

Abstract: A coated cutting tool, and a method of producing the same, comprising a substrate which has a roughened surface that presents a surface roughness of between 15 microinches R.sub.a and 125 microinches R.sub.a. A coating is applied to the roughened surface of the substrate by physical vapor deposition. A coated cutting tool having a low cobalt substrate and experiencing long tool life is also discussed.

Abstract: A cutting tool for machining titanium and titanium alloys which comprises a tungsten carbide-containing substrate alone or with a tungsten carbide tip brazed thereto. The cutting tool further includes a hard coating on either the substrate alone or on the tungsten carbide tip. The coating may be PVD-applied tungsten carbide, CVD-applied boron carbide or PVD-applied boron carbide.

Abstract: A diamond coated elongate rotary cutting member and method of making the same. The cutting member includes an axially forward cutting surface, a flute and a fluted land. The cutting member comprises a substrate with hard grains bonded together with a metallic binder. The substrate has a first substrate region that presents an irregular surface so as to define the axially forward cutting surface and the fluted land. The first substrate region contains relatively large hard grains near the surface thereof that are larger in size than the hard grains in the interior of the substrate. A diamond coating is on the surface of the first substrate region. The substrate has a second substrate region that defines the flute.

Abstract: A sintered body insert for cutting comprises an intermediate layer consisting of at least one of cemented carbide, a ferrous metal and a high melting point metal, and a first layer and a second layer, each consisting of hard sintered bodies containing cubic boron nitride or diamond, which are arranged on opposite sides respectively above and below with the intermediate layer therebetween. The first and second layers are bonded to the intermediate layer by sintering. The is so formed or configured that its front and rear surfaces define cutting faces. All noses and flanks involved in cutting are formed on the first layer and the second layer, while the centers of gravity of the cutting faces and of the overall insert are located at positions on or in the intermediate layer. Further, coating layers consisting of a nitride of an element belonging to the group 4a, 5a or 6a of the periodic table or other components are formed on the surfaces of the cutting faces and the flanks.

Abstract: An indexable insert for milling includes a metal base made of cemented carbide, and a cutting edge consisting of a sintered CBN compact and a flat drag type cutting edge which are brazed to the metal base or bonded thereto by integral sintering. A subcutting edge angle (.beta.), a negative land angle (.theta.) and a negative land width (L) are set at 30.degree. to 60.degree., 30.degree. to 45.degree. and 0.05 to 0.40 mm respectively, while the subcutting edge has a straight shape. Due to this structure, the indexable insert has excellent cutting performance particularly in face milling of parts which are made of gray cast iron, and the tool life can be extended.

Abstract: A body is disclosed with a coating comprising one or more refractory layers of which one layer is an outermost smooth, shiny 110-textured .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer. Said Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer has a surface appearance almost like a polished Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer. Coated tools show improved tool lives compared to prior art tools when used for machining steel or cast iron material preferably for near net shape machining.

Abstract: A fabrication method for a diamond-coated cemented carbide cutting tool includes electrolytically etching the surface of a cemented carbide cutting tool with a NaOH or KOH aqueous solution or chemically etching the surface of the cemented carbide cutting tool with a KMnO.sub.4 +KOH aqueous solution, and depositing a diamond film on the cemented carbide cutting tool. A stronger etching effect than by using a Murakami solution can be achieved, and no poisonous material is included in the etchant. In addition, disposal of the waste etchant is made simpler, and the adhesion between the diamond film coating and the cemented carbide cutting tool can be strengthened.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of manufacturing an abrasive body which includes the steps of providing a mixture comprising a mass of nanosized ceramic particles and a mass of ultra-hard abrasive particles, typically diamond and cubic boron nitride, and sintering the mixture into a coherent body. The sintering conditions used are hot-pressing conditions.

Abstract: A tool component comprises an abrasive compact layer bonded to a cemented carbide substrate along an interface. The abrasive compact layer has a working surface on a side opposite to the interface which is flat and which presents a cutting edge or point on its periphery. A recess is provided, that recess extending into the substrate from the interface. The recess has a shape, in plan, of at least two strips which intersect. Examples of suitable shapes are V-shape and cross-shape. Abrasive compact fills the recess and is bonded to the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a tungsten carbide base cutting tools formed on sintered hard alloy substrate material. Multiple hard coatings are deposited on the Co-enriched surface layer of the substrate material, and Co-enriched surface layer occurs within a surface layer region that is 50 .mu.m from an interface of said substrate material, wherein the Co content in said surface layer that is 5-10 .mu.m from an interface of said substrate material is within a range from 15-25% by weight; wherein the Co content in said surface layer is more than the Co content in the core, and wherein the content of the carbides of Ti, Ta and Nb is lower than that in the core. The multilayer coating consists of a primary coating of TiCN, a secondary coating of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and the surface coating consisting of at least one of TiCN and TiN. The interface between the substrate material and the primary coating is provided with a first intermediate coating consisting of TiN.