Abstract: The invention is directed to a peristaltic pump (10), comprising: a flexible membrane (1) forming a at least one bladder (2) against a support, wherein each bladder is provided with one input orifice (4) which admits a fluid to the bladder (2) and one outlet orifice (5) which releases the fluid from the bladder (2); and at least one roller bearing (6) is configured to rotate about an axis (7) and to apply a compressive force against the at least one bladder (2). The peristaltic pump may be in fluid communication with a tapered jet (11).

Abstract: Provided are an elastomeric-hose-compressing part, a cartridge, and a roller assembly for a pump head of a peristaltic pump, and a pump head for a peristaltic pump. The elastomeric-hose-compressing part includes a surface for compressing the elastomeric hose which has an arcuate shape along its length direction, wherein the surface for compressing the elastomeric hose is provided with flanges oppositely arranged on two side portions of the elastomeric-hose-compressing part in the width direction, the width direction of the elastomeric-hose-compressing part is perpendicular to the length direction, and the surface for compressing the elastomeric hose is formed by a continuous surface or by a plurality of surfaces sequentially arranged along the length direction.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump has an arcuate raceway with a partially concave inner surface extending through an arc of at least one hundred eighty degrees (180°). The arc defines a midpoint, and a rotor faces the inner surface of the raceway and is both rotatable relative to the raceway and translationally movable relative to the raceway between a pump position, wherein the rotor is spaced from the midpoint a first distance, and a tube load position, wherein the rotor is spaced from the midpoint a second distance greater than the first distance. A motor is coupled to the rotor to rotate the rotor plural are rollers arranged on the rotor to contact tubing disposed between the rotor and the raceway when the rotor is in the pump position. The motor is prevented from stopping at a predetermined angular position to facilitate loading and unloading tubing.

Abstract: A flow channel suitable for use with a peristaltic pump comprises: an upper wall having a bowed upward shape; a lower wall having one of a bowed downward shape and a flat shape; and one or more spacers between the upper wall and the lower wall disposed between lateral edges of the upper and lower walls, each spacer having a height. The upper wall, lower wall, and the one or more spacers define a lumen. When the upper wall is compressed toward the lower wall by compressing members, the one or more spacers limit vertical movement of the compressing members such that the lumen is maintained in an under-occluded condition. In some cases, the bowing of one of the upper and lower walls has a recurved shape.

Abstract: A fluid dispensing personal care product with a handle defining a cavity with a support surface. A fluid reservoir containing a volume of a fluid is configured to attach to the handle. An actuator on the handle that has a pump contacting surface. A pump system positioned within the handle includes a flexible fluid collector configured to dispense fluid from the fluid reservoir to an exit port. The flexible fluid collector contacts the support surface of the handle and the pump contacting surface of the actuator in a neutral position.

Abstract: A tube for a peristaltic pump comprises an elastically deformable tubular body (2) made from a PVC composition containing: 100 phr of a PVC resin having a K value, measured according to standard ISO 1628-2, of not less than 85, from 40 to 100 phr of DEHA plasticizer, from 0.05 to 1.0 phr of lubricant, from 0.3 to 15.0 phr of stabilizer and co-stabilizer. The deformable tube, which is usefully employed for liquid transport in a dialysis apparatus, enables a high level of fluid transport efficiency to be maintained, even after many hours of peristaltic pump operation.

Abstract: A hose system has a pump hose with a hose portion insertable into a pump head of a hose pump. The hose portion has at least a first stop element fixing the hose portion in the feed direction. The first stop element can subsequently be connected immovably to the pump hose at a predefinable position of the pump hose. Thus, the pump hose can be used more universally and can be adapted to different pump heads.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump disclosed herein includes a raceway, a plunger, a motor, and a heater. The raceway is configured to retain a tube (e.g., an IV tube). The plunger acts on the tube disposed within the raceway. The motor engages the plunger to actuate the plunger. The heater is disposed in thermal-conductive contact with the tube. That is, the heater, either through direct or indirect application, heats the tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pump chamber (1) for a peristaltic pump, the pump chamber (1) comprising an elongate cavity (1.1) defined between an elastically deformable chamber wall (1.2) and a rigid chamber (1.3) wall, wherein the elastically deformable wall (1.2) and the rigid wall (1.3) are arranged as a one-piece part by two-component injection molding. The invention also refers to a method for producing the pump chamber (1) for a peristaltic pump, the method comprising a two-component injection molding of the elastically deformable wall (1.2) and the rigid chamber wall (1.3) thereby forming them as a one-piece part.

Abstract: A linear peristaltic pump with fingers includes a membrane positioned between the pumping fingers (250) and the tube. A part of the membrane against which the fingers (250) press, which part is called the track (212), is kept in permanent contact with the end of the fingers (250) throughout the duration of the pumping cycle, even in the absence of any tube. This material will be more rigid than the rubber conventionally used but, by virtue of the permanent contact, the track will not remain pressed against the tube but will, by contrast, be lifted by the finger (250). It will thus be possible to select a stronger material that will suffer less wear for the track. The precision of the pump will be guaranteed for longer and membrane changes that are painstaking and costly in terms of time and in terms of labor will be avoided.

Abstract: A system and method for holding tubing for a peristaltic pump the prevents tubing stretch or deformation. The present invention compensates for tube stretching and minimizes tube deformation due to peristaltic roller tube expansions.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to a pump for dispensing precise quantities of fluids. In some implementations, a pump includes a rotatable portion including one or more recesses configured to receive one or more corresponding roller components; and a base portion including a fluid channel including an input aperture and an output aperture, the fluid channel being configured to receive the one or more roller components, and a flexible membrane that provides a seal between the roller components and the fluid channel, wherein, the rotatable portion is rotatably coupled to the base portion such that the fluid channel includes one or more portions sealed by the flexible membrane and one or more roller components and wherein rotation of the rotatable portion causes the one or more roller components to traverse the fluid channel pushing fluid trapped within the fluid channel and the membrane in the direction of rotation.

Abstract: A roller pump conduit defining a pump chamber is provided. The roller pump conduit includes a roller contact portion having a fill region and a delivery region. The fill region has a first taper configured to determine volume delivery per revolution of a roller head. The delivery region has a pressure region having a second taper and a discharge region having a third taper. The third taper has a lesser degree of taper than the second taper. The delivery region is configured to produce a pulsatile flow out of the conduit. Furthermore, a roller pump having a roller pump conduit is provided. The roller pump conduit of the roller pump has a fill region and a delivery region, the fill region having a first taper, and the delivery region having a second and third taper, wherein the third taper has lesser degree of taper than the second taper.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump system includes elastomeric pump tubing and a roller pump. The pump tubing has a pumping segment and an inlet segment. The inlet segment has an inlet segment outer diameter. The pumping segment has a pumping segment outer diameter less than the inlet segment outer diameter. The roller pump has a roller assembly and a roller assembly housing. The roller assembly is disposed within the roller assembly housing and engaged with the pumping segment within the roller assembly housing. The roller assembly housing has an inlet gap formed through the roller assembly housing. The inlet gap defines an inlet gap inner diameter smaller than the pumping segment outer diameter. The inlet gap is adapted to frictionally receive the inlet segment for aligning the pump tubing with a roller assembly and mitigate longitudinal movement of the pump tubing into the roller assembly housing.

Abstract: A roller pump conduit defining a pump chamber is provided. The roller pump conduit includes a roller contact portion having a fill region and a delivery region. The fill region has a first taper configured to determine volume delivery per revolution of a roller head. The delivery region has a pressure region having a second taper and a discharge region having a third taper. The third taper has a lesser degree of taper than the second taper. The delivery region is configured to produce a pulsatile flow out of the conduit. Furthermore, a roller pump having a roller pump conduit is provided. The roller pump conduit of the roller pump has a fill region and a delivery region, the fill region having a first taper, and the delivery region having a second and third taper, wherein the third taper has lesser degree of taper than the second taper.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump includes opposing occlusion surfaces and a rotor between the occlusion surfaces. The rotor carries a set of occluding surfaces. At least one of either the set of occluding surfaces or the opposing occlusion surfaces are linearly movable relative to the other of the set of occluding surfaces and the occlusion surfaces.

Abstract: A tube-positioning system for loading tubing into a peristaltic pump includes a holder and a first tube segment. The holder includes a shell configured to slidably fit onto an exterior of a pump and a pair of guides extending upward from opposite side walls of the shell. The first tube segment has a fixed length and extends between the pair of guides with each end of the first tube segment secured within one of the respective guides.

Abstract: A roller pump conduit defining a pump chamber is provided. The roller pump conduit includes a roller contact portion having a fill region and a delivery region. The fill region has a first taper configured to determine volume delivery per revolution of a roller head. The delivery region has a pressure region having a second taper and a discharge region having a third taper. The third taper has a lesser degree of taper than the second taper. The delivery region is configured to produce a pulsatile flow out of the conduit. Furthermore, a roller pump having a roller pump conduit is provided. The roller pump conduit of the roller pump has a fill region and a delivery region, the fill region having a first taper, and the delivery region having a second and third taper, wherein the third taper has a lesser degree of taper than the second taper.

Abstract: A spring mounted tube pressing member for peristaltic pumps allows loading and unloading of an elastic tube section between the tube pressing member and a continuously revolving rotor assembly by selectively moving between a locked position for fluid transfer and an open position for unhindered mounting and demounting of the tube section or a replaceable tube cassette. Not only is the pressure on the tube pressing member adjustable by the spring used, its dynamic pressure distribution on the tube section also prolongs the tube flex life and reduces fluid back mixing and pulsation in the tube.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump system includes elastomeric pump tubing and a roller pump. The pump tubing has a pumping segment and an inlet segment. The inlet segment has an inlet segment outer diameter. The pumping segment has a pumping segment outer diameter less than the inlet segment outer diameter. The roller pump has a roller assembly and a roller assembly housing. The roller assembly is disposed within the roller assembly housing and engaged with the pumping segment within the roller assembly housing. The roller assembly housing has an inlet gap formed through the roller assembly housing. The inlet gap defines an inlet gap inner diameter smaller than the pumping segment outer diameter. The inlet gap is adapted to frictionally receive the inlet segment for aligning the pump tubing with a roller assembly and mitigate longitudinal movement of the pump tubing into the roller assembly housing.

Abstract: An improved fluoroplastic lined elastomeric tube that can maintain a stable flow rate while pumping aggressive chemicals in a peristaltic pump for an extended period of time and is fabricated in sizes ranging from 0.5 mm to 100 mm in inside diameter. The inner fluoroplastic liner comprises a composite of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and a fluoroplastic polymer resulting in improved flex life over single component fluoroplastics. The inventive liner is bonded to either an unreinforced elastomer or a fiber reinforced elastomer for use in both low and high pressure peristaltic pump applications.

Abstract: A retaining assembly comprising a base and a retainer comprising a wall and a notch in the wall. The notch in the wall has an arcuate first portion and an arcuate second portion that converge at a juncture. The first and second arcuate portions of the notch are oriented toward the base and the retainer is slidably translatable from a first open position to a second closed position with the base.

Abstract: A tube is provided for use in a peristaltic pump, with the tube including a cylindrical wall defining a hollow interior and a cylindrical outer surface. The tube further includes a longitudinal centerline axis and a plurality of indicia applied to the cylindrical outer surface, with the indicia including first and second indicium extending transversely to the longitudinal centerline axis. The second indicium is longitudinally spaced from the first indicium by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A hose system has a pump hose with a hose portion insertable into a pump head of a hose pump. The hose portion has at least a first stop element fixing the hose portion in the feed direction. The first stop element can subsequently be connected immovably to the pump hose at a predefinable position of the pump hose. Thus, the pump hose can be used more universally and can be adapted to different pump heads.

Abstract: The tube 110 has a hollow portion 111 and a wall portion 112. The tube 110 has mutually contacting wall portions 111a that become compressed in such a way that the wall portion 112 comes into mutual contact in the hollow portion 111 through compression by a compressing mechanism 120, and is designed so that the mutually contacting wall portions 111a come into mutual contact, and the mutually contacting wall portions 111a recover upon release of the compressing mechanism. The mutually contacting wall portions 111a have readily contacting portions C1 that come into mutual contact at a certain level of compressing force, and contact resistant portions S1 that come into mutual contact only at a higher level of compressing force than in the readily contacting portions C1. The thickness of the wall portion 12 around the hollow portion 11 varies so that the readily contacting portions C1 are subjected to greater force than the contact resistant portions S1.

Abstract: A flexible tube has a first portion and a second portion located close to each other in the vicinity of an opening of an accommodating case. A pressing member moves from the first portion to the second portion along the tube while pressing a portion of the tube. An assistant member is provided in the vicinity of the opening of the case. The assistant member has an assistant surface. When the pressing member passes the vicinity of the opening of the case, the assistant member transfers the pressing member from the second portion to the first portion via the assistant surface. This structure ensures a silent operation of the tube pump.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump comprising a pump housing, a compressible pump tube positioned between rotatable occluding members and a pump tube track in the housing, where there is an opening in the pump tube track between a first occluding member and a second occluding member such that when the second occluding member has exited occlusion of the pump tube at the opening, a third occluding member completes occlusion of the pump tube thus capturing a compensating volume of fluid between the first and third occluding members, and when the second occluding member reenters occlusion at the end of the opening, it displaces the compensating volume towards the outlet of the pump tube, thus maintaining fluid velocity in the outlet stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to support element (4) comprising a main body (6) having a front wall (25) and a peripheral wall (32) projecting away from the front wall. The front wall and the peripheral wall define a housing compartment (33) designed to receive a fluid distribution circuitry cooperating with a treatment unit for defining an integrated blood treatment module.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump assembly for moving a working fluid. The pump assembly includes an expandable fluid that changes in volume due to the presence of a magnetic and/or electric field. The pump assembly also includes a flexible member interposed between the working fluid and the expandable fluid. The pump assembly further includes a field generator operable to cause the expandable fluid to change in volume by applying the magnetic and/or electric field to the expandable fluid. This, in turn, moves the flexible member to increase the pressure of the working fluid to thereby move the working fluid.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump is disclosed having pump motor with a rotating motor shaft and a shaft axis; a peristaltic pump head rotatably mounted on the motor shaft; a raceway having a semi-circular track arranged around the pump head and coaxial with the shaft axis, wherein the track has a beveled edge at an entrance to the raceway to receive a tube loop being loaded into the pump; the pump head includes at least one roller orbiting the raceway and compressing the tube loop against said raceway, and a cartridge to which the tube loop is attached and mountable on the raceway.

Abstract: A tube holder (105) for use with a peristaltic pump includes a housing having a recess (165) for receipt of a pump rotor and a tube race around the recess. The tube race has a first race part and a second race part, a first tube inlet (167a) into the first race part and a first tube outlet (167b) from the first race part, a second tube inlet (167c) into the second race part and a second tube outlet (167d) from the second race part. The tube is insertable in the tube race by movement in a substantially orthogonal direction relative to the tube race so that it extends in through the first tube inlet (167a), around the first race part, out through the first tube outlet (167b), in through the second tube inlet (167c), around the second race part, and out through the second tube outlet (167d).

Abstract: A tube for a peristaltic pump comprises an elastically deformable tubular body (2) made from a PVC composition containing: 100 phr of a PVC resin having a K value, measured according to standard ISO 1628-2, of not less than 85, from 40 to 100 phr of DEHA plasticizer, from 0.05 to 1.0 phr of lubricant, from 0.3 to 15.0 phr of stabilizer and co-stabilizer. The deformable tube, which is usefully employed for liquid transport in a dialysis apparatus, enables a high level of fluid transport efficiency to be maintained, even after many hours of peristaltic pump operation.

Abstract: A cassette having a molded flow channel contained on an elastomeric sheet that is bonded or mechanically attached to a rigid substrate. The flow channel projects outwardly from the exterior of the cassette so that a peristaltic pump having pump head rollers mounted radially from the axis of rotation of the pump motor compress the elastomeric flow channels against the rigid substrate during operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to support element (4) comprising a main body (6) having a front wall (25) and a peripheral wall (32) projecting away from the front wall. The front wall and the peripheral wall define a housing compartment (33) designed to receive a fluid distribution circuitry cooperating with a treatment unit for defining an integrated blood treatment module.

Abstract: A peristaltic depositing machine includes a hopper to store viscous material. A flexibly deformable tubing section is connected to the hopper for receiving the viscous material. A pair of rollers cooperate to compress tubing section and thereafter move forwardly along the tubing section such that the viscous material is forwardly propagated. A manifold is connected between the hopper and the tubing section to transmit the viscous material there between. A flow control unit is connected to a portion of the tubing section forward of the pair of rollers. The flow control unit alternately constricts and unconstricts the portion of the tubing section in synchronism with the forward movement by the pair of rollers. A nozzle is connected to an output end of said tubing section to shape the viscous material upon output. A carriage is also connected to an output end of the tubing section and moves about a predetermined travel path to thereby direct an output location of the viscous material.

Abstract: A displacement pump comprising a pump assembly and a cassette assembly. The pump assembly includes upper and lower housing portions that define a cavity, an arm disposed in the cavity, a roller attached to the distal end of the arm, and a motor attached to the proximal end of the arm for rotating the arm. The cassette assembly is removably disposed in the cavity and comprises upper and lower cassette housing portions that form an annular compression surface with a channel therein. A hollow compression tube having a flange extending along a length thereof is secured to the compression surface by the flange being engaged with the channel. As the motor rotates the roller arm, the roller presses the compression tube against the compression surface to create a moving occlusion of the compression tube for pushing fluid through the compression tube.

Abstract: A pump having a rotary portion which compels the movement of a fluid by peristaltic compression of resilient tubing containing the fluid includes a tube component having a plurality of adjacent resilient tubes, with a web interconnecting the adjacent resilient tubes. The web may be offset from the centerline of the tubes so as not to degrade the compressibility of the tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus for pumping fluid through tubing comprising a stop platen is disclosed. The stop platen is operatively arranged to depress a wall of the tubing along a section of a longitudinal axis of the tubing. The stop platen is narrower than the tubing along a transverse axis of the tubing. The invention further comprises a cabinet containing the stop platen, a door rotatably fixed to the cabinet, and locking means for preventing rotation of the door. The locking means are operatively arranged to be unlocked by a tubing occluder.

Abstract: A surface arrangement (30) adapted for use in a travelling volume pump. The pump (50) has a pumping chamber defined between first and second opposed pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54), which extend from an inlet to an outlet of the pump in a pumping direction (58). The surface arrangement (30) includes a plurality of flexible ridges (32) inclined in the pumping direction (58) and forming one or more of the first and second pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54). The ridges (32) span across the one or more pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54) in a direction generally transverse to the pumping direction (58) and have distal peaks (34) adapted to abut and substantially seal against the opposed second pumping chamber surface in the presence of a localised force displacing one of the first or second pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54) towards the other of the first or second pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54).

Abstract: A peristaltic pump mechanism comprises a base plate (11) having a generally planar surface for supporting a pump tube (12) to extend at least partially around a circular path defined on said surface, an operating section (10) connectable to the base member (11). At least one rotatable pumping element (21) is mounted on the operating section (10) locally to compress the pump tube (12) and roll around the circular path when the operating section (10) is connected to the base member. A power drive causes the pumping element (21) to roll around the circular path, the pumping element (21) being of conical shape and mounted on the operating section (10) so that the axis of the element is substantially co-incident with the centre of the circular path. In this way essentially no slippage takes place between the pumping element and the base plate.

Abstract: A membrane pump (1) having a membrane (24) which can be actuated by a crank drive (32), which membrane bounds, together with a concave pump body surface (8), a pump chamber (38), an inlet channel (4) and an outlet channel (17) which open out at an inlet opening (9) and an outlet opening (20) in the pump body surface (8), the membrane (24) having a membrane core (25) and an elastically deformable membrane ring (26) and the membrane core (26) having a convex surface adapted to the pump body surface (8). The inlet opening (9) is arranged in the region of the pump body surface (8) which the membrane (24) first approaches upon an expulsion stroke of the crank drive (32), and the elastically deformable membrane ring (26) closes the inlet opening (9) before the attainment of top dead center of the crank drive (32).

Abstract: A peristaltic pump (6) for pumping viscous media, comprises a housing (6A, 6B) having a wall (12) against which a hose (25) is placed, a shaft (7) that is centrally positioned in the housing and that carries a roller arm (13) having a roller (14) adapted to roll against and at the same time locally compress the hose (25) against the wall (12). A guide path (35) for the hose impregnated with lubricant is arranged in the housing of the pump. The invention also concerns an application of such a pump, a guide path for use in such a pump and a method of performing lubrication therein.

Abstract: A surface arrangement (30) adapted for use in a travelling volume pump. The pump (50) has a pumping chamber defined between first and second opposed pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54), which extend from an inlet to an outlet of the pump in a pumping direction (58). The surface arrangement (30) includes a plurality of flexible ridges (32) inclined in the pumping direction (58) and forming one or more of the first and second pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54). The ridges (32) span across the one or more pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54) in a direction generally transverse to the pumping direction (58) and have distal peaks (34) adapted to abut and substantially seal against the opposed second pumping chamber surface in the presence of a localised force displacing one of the first or second pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54) towards the other of the first or second pumping chamber surfaces (52, 54).

Abstract: A tube pump comprising a tube formed beforehand into a shape adapted for the inner circumferential face of the housing. With this configuration, the tube can be used without problems even when the inner circumferential face of the housing is small and when the curvature of the inner circumferential face is large, and squeezing can be carried out by applying a small pressure force to the tube. Hence, the size of the pump is prevented from being made larger, and breakage of the tube owing to repeated deformations does not occur because the amount of deformation of the tube is reduced. Furthermore, synthetic resins having high chemical resistance can be used as materials of the tube. Hence, unlike a rubber tube, the tube of the present invention is suited for a wide range of applications.

Abstract: A pinch mechanism suitable for use as a valve or as part of a pump. The pinch mechanism comprises a housing (11) within which an elongate conduit element (12) is located. A conduit engagement member (13c) is retained within the housing (11) to be movable transverse to a longitudinal axis of the conduit element (12). The engagement member has an end portion (13d) which engages with the conduit element (12), this end portion (13d) having a cross-sectional dimension less than the lateral inner dimension of the conduit element (12), this lateral dimension being at right angles to the direction of movement of the engagement member (13c).

Abstract: A pinch mechanism suitable for use as a valve or as part of a pump. The pinch mechanism comprises a housing (11) within which an elongate conduit element (12) is located. A conduit engagement member 14 (13c) is retained within the housing (11) to be movable transverse to a longitudinal axis of the conduit element (12). The engagement member has an end portion (13d) which engages with the conduit element (12), this end portion (13d) having a cross-sectional dimension less than the lateral inner dimension of the conduit element (12), this lateral dimension being at right angles to the direction of movement of the engagement member (13c).

Abstract: A tube pump comprising a tube formed beforehand into a shape adapted for the inner circumferential face of the housing. With this configuration, the tube can be used without problems even when the inner circumferential face of the housing is small and when the curvature of the inner circumferential face is large, and squeezing can be carried out by applying a small pressure force to the tube. Hence, the size of the pump is prevented from being made larger, and breakage of the tube owing to repeated deformations does not occur because the amount of deformation of the tube is reduced. Furthermore, synthetic resins having high chemical resistance can be used as materials of the tube. Hence, unlike a rubber tube, the tube of the present invention is suited for a wide range of applications.

Abstract: A peristaltic pumping mechanism is provided with a non-permeable peristaltic circuit comprising two strips of thin metal laser bonded at their edges to form a tube. In one embodiment, the non-permeable tubing takes the form of a continuous loop having input and output ports. In another embodiment, the tubing is open and generally U-shaped. In still another embodiment, a dual-tube circuit is provided, wherein a central, metal tube is disposed within an outer elastomeric tube having an inner diameter larger than the outer dimension of the metal tube. The elastomeric tube supports the metal tube only at the ends of the circuit, enabling the metal tube to “float” within the elastomeric tube.

Abstract: A squeeze type pump that transfers slurry via an elastic tube by squeezing the elastic tube with pairs of rollers to elastically deform the tube by moving each pair of squeezing rollers. The elastic tube has an outer diameter, an inner diameter, and a thickness. A ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter is set within a range of 0.56 to 0.72, and the thickness is set within a range of 23 to 35 mm.