Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method of manufacturing a composite body, such as a ZrB.sub.2 -ZrC-Zr composite body, by utilizing a post-treatment technique which may improve the oxidation resistance of the composite body. Moreover, the invention relates to novel products made according to the process. The novel process modifies at least a portion of a composite body by exposing said body to a source of second metal.

Abstract: A cermet alloy having a structure comprising a hard phase and a bonding phase, said hard phase comprising (1) at least one of MC, MN and MCN, wherein M is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, V, Nb, Ta, Pa, Cr, Mo, U and W and (2) at least one W-Co-B compound; said bonding phase comprising Co. The cermet has superior toughness and hardness, and can be worked by conventional sintering methods. The invention also includes a method for producing the cermet.

Abstract: Disclosed are a high toughness cermet comprising a sintered alloy comprising 75 to 95% by weight of a hard phase of carbide, nitride or carbonitride containing Ti, at least one of W, Mo and Cr, and N and C, and the balance of a binder phase composed mainly of an iron group metal, and inevitable impurities,wherein the content of Ti in said sintered alloy is 35 to 85% by weight calculated on TiN or TiN and TiC, and the contents of W, Mo and Cr are 10 to 40% by weight in total calculated on WC, Mo.sub.2 C and/or Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2,the relative concentration of said binder phase at the 0.01 mm-inner portion from the surface of said sintered alloy is 5 to 50% of the average binder phase concentration of the inner portion, and the relative concentration of said binder phase at the 0.1 mm-inner portion from the surface of said sintered alloy is 70 to 100% of the average binder phase concentration of the inner portion, anda compression stress of 30 kgf/mm.sup.

Abstract: A cutting insert of a sintered carbonitride alloy and with a complicated geometry, the insert having improved efficiency. This is obtained by giving the powder non-uniform compaction during pressing of the powder into a press-body so that the ultimate working edges will have a higher relative density than the surrounding, more "supporting" material in the press-body. By these means are often obtained surface defects in the form of cracks because of dissolved strains during the sintering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of fabricating various types of bearing materials and the bearing materials produced thereby. The processes of the invention may be used to produce porous self-lubricating bearings, laminated composite bearings (babbitt bearings) and bearings for high temperature application. The processes of the invention involve the use of micro-pyretic synthesis to achieve bearing materials with improved bearing properties, including higher bearing capacity and toughness.

Abstract: An aluminum based metal matrix composite is produced from a charge containing a rapidly solidified aluminum alloy, a carbidiferous agent and particles of a reinforcing material present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to 50% by volume of the charge. The charge is ball milled energetically to uniformly mix the carbidiferous agent within the aluminum matrix, and to enfold metal matrix material around each of the particles while maintaining the charge in a pulverulent state. Upon completion of the ball milling step, the charge is hot consolidated at suitable temperatures to decompose the carbidiferous agent and result in the formation of carbide and oxide particles, and to provide a powder compact having a formable, substantially void-free mass. The compact is especially suited for use in aerospace, automotive, electronic, wear resistance critical components, and the like, which often encounter service temperatures approaching 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a dense cermet article including about 80-95% by volume of a granular hard phase and about 5-20% by volume of a metal binder phase. The hard phase is (a) the hard refractory carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, carboxynitrides, borides, and mixtures thereof of the elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and B, or (b) the hard refractory carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, and carboxynitrides, and mixtures thereof of a cubic solid solution of Zr--Ti, Hf--Ti, Hf--Zr, V--Ti, Nb--Ti, Ta--Ti, Mo--Ti, W--Ti, W--Hf, W--Nb, or W--Ta. The binder phase is a combination of Ni and Al having a Ni:Al weight ratio of from about 85:15 to about 88:12, and 0-5% by weight of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Co, B, and/or C. The method involves presintering the hard phase/binder phase mixture in a vacuum or inert atmosphere at about 1475.degree.-1675.degree. C., then HIPing at about 1575.degree.-1675.degree. C.

Abstract: Reactive ceramic-metal compositions are described that include a ceramic phase of at least 70 percent by volume, 95 percent of theoretical density and a metal phase that retains its chemical reactivity with the ceramic phase after the composition has been fully densified. The composition may be heat treated after densification to form additional ceramic phases in a controllable manner. Preferred ceramic metal compositions wherein the metal and ceramic components retain reactivity after densification include boron carbide ceramic and Al or Mg metals. The process employed in forming said compositions requires first forming a sintered porous body of the ceramic material followed by contacting with the metal component, which may be in chip or solid bar form. The system is then heated to the melting point of the metal and a pressure of at least 200 MPa is employed such that the porous body is filled with metal and the composition is substantially fully densified.

Abstract: The method of consolidating a powder material to form a composite part includes forming a pattern which is a scaled-up version of the part to be formed; employing the pattern to produce a flexible mold with interior conformation matching the pattern exterior; introducing a previously formed shape, insert or body into the mold; introducing consolidatable powder material into the mold; compacting the mold to thereby compress the powder and previously formed shape into a preform which is to be consolidated; separating the preform from the mold; providing a bed of pressure transmission particles, and positioning the preform in the bed; and compacting the preform in the bed of particles by transmission of pressure to the preform via the bed, to thereby consolidate the preform into a dense, desired shape part.

Abstract: A hobbing tool made of cermet composed of 70 to 97 percent by weight of hard phase and a binder phase. The hard phase is made of a composite carbonitride of transition metals including titanium and tungsten, and at least one other element. The binder phase contains nickel and/or cobalt and inevitable impurities. The ratio between nitride atoms and carbon atoms and the ratio between titanium atoms and the atoms of transition metals other than titanium in the hard phase should be within specific ranges. The cermet having the above composition has an increased toughness and an excellent resistance to heat and wear and is difficult to weld.

Abstract: A nickel-based superalloy article formed from particles of the superalloy is processed to have a microstructure which is resistant to failure when processed using high strain thermomechanical processes. Articles having the desired microstrucuture are produced by hot isostatically pressing powder of the superalloy in a specified temperature range bounded by the incipient melting temperature as a minimum and the solvus temperature of stable high temperature phases. The compact is held under pressure in the specified temperature range to diffuse deleterious phases which exist as a result of the initial powder atomization operation. The powder compact thus formed can be processed using conventional processes to produce material for subsequent thermomechanical processing using high strain rate forging equipment and retain the benefits of chemical uniformity and cleanliness associated with traditional powder metal processes.

Abstract: A dispersion strengthened copper alloy containing a copper matrix, and dispersion particles dispersed in the copper matrix within a range of 0.5 to 6 vol %. In this alloy, an average diameter of a matrix region where the dispersion particles are not present is 0.3 .mu.m or less, and the total amount of solid solution elements contained in the copper matrix is determined such that, when this amount of the solid solution elements is added to pure copper, the electric conductivity of the matrix is lowered by 5% IACS or less.

Abstract: A surface refined sintered alloy with a burnt surface, comprising 75 to 95% by weight of a hard phase containing Ti, C and N as the essential components and otherwise comprising at least one of Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W and the balance of the alloy comprising a binder phase composed mainly of Co and/or Ni and inevitable impurities, wherein the sintered alloy satisfies at least two conditions selected from the group consisting of the following (1) to (3):(1) the average grain size of the hard phase in a surface layer to the inner portion of 0.05 mm from the burnt surface of the sintered alloy is 0.8 to 1.2-fold of the average grain size of the hard phase in the inner portion of the sintered alloy excluding the surface layer;(2) the average content of the binder phase in the surface layer to the inner portion of 0.05 mm from the burnt surface of the sintered alloy is 0.7 to 1.

Abstract: There are disclosed a high strength nitrogen-containing cermet which comprises 7 to 20% by weight of a binder phase composed mainly of Co and/or Ni, with the balance being a hard phase composed mainly of TiC, TiN and/or Ti(C,N) and inevitable impurities, wherein the hard phase comprises 35 to 59% by weight of Ti, 9 to 29% by weight of W, 0.4 to 3.5% by weight of Mo, 4 to 24% by weight of at least one of Ta, Nb, V and Zr, 5.5 to 9.5% by weight of N and 4.5 to 12% by weight of C; and a process for preparing the same which comprises via the formulating, mixing, drying, molding and sintering steps of Co and/or Ni powder, at least one powder of TiC, Ti(C,N) and TiN, WC powder, Mo and/or Mo.sub.2 C, and at least one powder of carbides of Ta, Nb, V and Zr, wherein the sintering step is carried out by elevating the temperature up to 1350.degree. C. in vacuum, with the nitrogen atmosphere being made 1 torr at 1350.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to sintered hard metals having high cutting properties, particularly plastic deformation resistance at high temperatures, crater resistance and the like, suitable for use as cutting tools, wear resistant tools and materials for dies, and the method for producing the same. The invention has for an object to obtain both sintered hard metals having the aforesaid high properties by sintering metallic components comprising IVa group metals, VIa group metals or metals of both groups substituted by Va group metals up to 60 mol % respectively, a B-1 type solid solution hard phase consisting of non-metallic components of C, N and O, and a metallic bonding phase, in a CO gas atmosphere, and to sintered hard metals in which an uniform hardness is imparted to the surface and interior thereof by the method of sintering the said sintered hard metal in a CO gas atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing an alloy for use as a cutting tool material comprising hard principles and binder phase by which a uniform distribution of the hard principles in the binder phase is obtained, and the resulting product.

Abstract: A sintered ferro alloy comprises 5 to 25 wt % of one or two elements selected from Mo and W, 2 to 10 wt % of Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 wt % of Si, less than or equal to 0.7 wt % of Mn, less than or equal to 0.05 wt % of P, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of C, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of B, 0.1 to 7.0 wt % of at least one element selected from borides of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Yb, Y or Sc, residual Fe, and contaminants. Also the alloy may comprise less than or equal to 20 wt % of at least one element selected from V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Co or Ni, if necessary. The alloy is produced by mixing the above mentioned components and pressurizing them in an Fe matrix, then sintering the pressurized mixture at 1150.degree. C. to 1260.degree. C. for 60 min. and reheating after sintering. This alloy has wear and heat resistance and can be utilized as valve seats for internal combustion engines in automotive vehicles.

Abstract: There are disclosed a surface sintered alloy with a burnt surface, comprising 75 to 95% by weight of a hard phase containing Ti, C and N as the essential components and otherwise comprising at least one of Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W and the balance of the alloy comprising a binder phase composed mainly of Co and/or Ni and inevitable impurities, wherein the sintered alloy satisfies at least one condition selected from the group consisting of the following (1) to (3):(1) the average grain size of the hard phase in a surface layer to the inner portion of 0.05 mm from the burnt surface of the sintered alloy is 0.8 to 1.2-fold of the average grain size of the hard phase in the inner portion of the sintered alloy excluding the surface layer;(2) the average content of the binder phase in the surface layer to the inner portion of 0.05 mm from the burnt surface of the sintered alloy is 0.7 to 1.

Abstract: Substantially dense, void-free ceramic-metal composites are prepared from components characterized by chemical incompatibility and non-wetting behavior. The composites have a final chemistry similar to the starting chemistry and microstructures characterized by ceramic grains similar in size to the starting powder and the presence of metal phase. A method for producing the composites requires forming a homogeneous mixture of ceramic-metal, heating the mixture to a temperature that approximates but is below the temperature at which the metal begins to flow and presssing the mixture at such pressure that compaction and densification of the mixture occurs and an induced temperature spike occurs that exceeds the flowing temperature of the metal such that the mixture is further compacted and densified. The temperature spike and duration thereof remains below that at which significant reaction between metal and ceramic occurs. The method requires pressure of 60-250 kpsi employed at a rate of 5-250 kpsi/second.

Abstract: This invention provides a cermet alloy improved in toughness high-temperature strength and chipping resistance. This cermet alloy consists essentially of 50-95% by weight of a hard phase of a composite carbo-nitride of at least both of W and Ti and, optionally, one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Groups 4a, 5a and 6a elements of the periodic table, the balance being a binding phase, of an Fe family element or elements and inevitable impurities, said composite carbo-nitride has a rim-and-core structure which comprises a core portion of a composite carbo-nitride poor in Ti and nitrogen, surrounded thereon by a rim portion of a composite carbo-nitride rich in Ti and nitrogen. It is preferred that the hard phase consists of 50% by volume or less of TiN or TiCN particles having N.gtoreq.C and forming no rim-and-core structure and the composite carbo-nitride having the rim-and-core structure.

Abstract: High density compacts are made by providing a compactable particulate combination of Class 1 metals selected from at least one of Ag, Cu and Al, with material selected from at least one of CdO, SnO, SnO.sub.2, C, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2, Cr.sub.7 C.sub.3, W, WC, W.sub.2 C, WB, Mo, Mo.sub.2 C, MoB, Mo.sub.2 B, TiC, TiN, TiB.sub.2, Si, SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, usually by mixing powders of each, step (1); uniaxially pressing the powders to a density of from 60% to 95%, to provide a compact, step (2); hot densifying the compact at a pressure between 352 kg/cm.sup.2 (5,000 psi) and 3,172 kg/cm.sup.2 (45,000 psi) and at a temperature from 50.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. below the melting point or decomposition point of the lower melting component of the compact, to provide densification of the compact to over 97% of theoretical density; step (3); and cooling the compact, step (4).

Abstract: A sintered hard metal body having improved heat resistance and higher cutting performance is produced by a process including mixing together at least one hard substance, at least one binder material, and at least one of at least one complex carbide and at least one complex nitride to form a starting mixture each constituent of which is in powdered form. The at least one hard substance is selected from the group consisting of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of transition metals of Groups IVB, VB and VIB of the Periodic Table of Elements, is present as at least one of a carbide, a mixed carbide, a nitride, a mixed nitride, a carbonitride, and a mixed carbonitride, and has a cubic crystal form. The at least one binder metal is selected from the group including iron, nickel and cobalt.

Abstract: A cermet has a hard phase and a binder phase. The hard phase is formed by about 70% to about 95% by weight of elements including titanium, tantalum, tungsten, carbon and nitrogen. The elements have atomic ratios so as to satisfy the relationships of 0.05.ltoreq.b/(b+a).ltoreq.0.20, 0.04.ltoreq.c/(c+a).ltoreq.0.20 and 0.15.ltoreq.y/(x+y).ltoreq.0.60, where a, b, c, x and y denote atomic ratios of titanium, tantalum, tungsten, carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The binder phase is formed by about 5% to about 30% by weight of at least one metal of cobalt and nickel. Additionally, there is disclosed a process for producing such a cermet.

Abstract: Cobalt-bound tungsten carbide metal matrix composites having a unique microstructure are produced by consolidating partially sintered greenware under high pressures, e.g., 120,000 psi, at temperatures less than those used for conventional liquid phase sintering in a relatively short time, e.g., from less than one minute to less than about one hour. The composites have a binder phase which contains less than about 80 weight percent of the tungsten found in a composite prepared from the same or similar compositions via liquid phase sintering. These composites provide cutting tools with both toughness and wear resistance which exceed that of cutting tools made from the same or similar compositions via liquid phase sintering.

Abstract: A wear-resistant sintered alloy comprising an Cr-C-Fe base alloy in which 0.5 to 3% by weight of CaF.sub.2 and 5 to 20% by weight of hard particles having particle size of 44 to 150 .mu.m and a mean value of Vickers hardness of 800 to 2000 are dispersed. This wear-resistant sintered alloy is produced by a method comprising the steps of adding 1.2 to 2% by weight of carbon powder, 0.5 to 3% by weight of calcium fluoride powder, and 5 to 20% by weight of hard metal powder having the particle size of 44 to 150 .mu.m and a mean value of Vickers hardness of 800 to 2000, to an Fe-Cr-C base alloy powder containing 10 to 20% by weight of Cr and 0.8 to 1.5% by weight of C, mixing them, molding the resultant mixed powder into a desired shaped, and then sintering the compact in the temperature range of from 1180.degree. to 1260.degree. C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The sintered alloy is useful as a material for parts required to have the heat resistance and wear resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method of manufacturing a composite body, such as a ZrB.sub.2 -ZrC-Zr composite body, by utilizing a carburization technique. Moreover, the invention relates to novel products made according to the process. The novel process modifies the residual parent metal which remains in a composite body, by exposing said residual metal to a carburizing environment. Thus, by modifying the composition of residual parent metal, the properties of the resultant composite body can also be modified. Parent metals such as zirconium, titanium, and hafnium are well suited to be treated by the carburizing process according to the present invention.

Abstract: A cemented carbide cutting tool substrate has enhanced surface toughness due to binder enrichment and depletion of aluminum nitride near the peripheral surface.

Abstract: A sintered compact is obtained by sintering a mixture containing about 50 to 75 percent by volume of cubic boron nitride and about 25 to 50 percent of a binder under cBN-stable superhigh pressure conditions. The binder contains about 20 to 50 percent by weight of Al and one or more Ti compounds selected from the group consisting of TiN.sub.z, Ti(C,N).sub.z, TiC.sub.2, (Ti,M)C.sub.z, (Ti,M) (C,N).sub.z and (Ti,M)N.sub.z, wherein M indicates a transition metal of the group IVa, Va or VIa of the periodic table excepting Ti, and wherein z is within a range of 0.5.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.85. The atomic ratio of the content of Ti to that of the transition metal M in the binder is within the range of about2/1.ltoreq.Ti/M.ltoreq.97/3.The binder further contains tungsten or one or more tungsten compounds, whereby the total tungsten concentration in the binder is about 4 to 40 percent by weight.

Abstract: A process for the production of a secondary powder composition having a nanocrystalline structure and being comprised of binary or quasi-binary substances composed of at least one of the elements Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Mo, Ta and W and at least one of the elements V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Pd, optionally also containing further ingredients, such as Si, Ge, B and/or oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, and their possible mixed crystals. The components are in powdered form and are mixed in elementary form or as pre-alloys and have particle sizes ranging from 2 to 250 .mu.m. The powder components are subjected to high mechanical forces in order to produce secondary powders having a nanocrystalline structure. The secondary powders obtained in this way can be processed into molded bodies according to known compression molding processes, but at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a roller for use in a rotary compressor, which roller comprising a sintered body consisting essentially of 0.5-2.0% by weight of C, 1.0-5.0% by weight of Cu, 1.2-3.0% by weight of Mo and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. In the sintered alloy, hard particles of Fe-Mo alloy are dispersed in one of pearlitic and tempering martensitic matrix, and sintered pores of the sintered body is sealed with tri-iron tetroxide. Resultant sintered body has high wear resistance and scuffing resistance capable of being used as an inverter type compressor.

Abstract: A tough cermet made from 20-92 weight % of TiC and/or TiCN, 5-50 weight % of WC and 3-30 weight % of an iron-gorup metal. This tough cermet has a three phase grain microstructure and is made is mixing titanium carbonitride powder and up to 70 weight % of the total amount of the tungsten carbide fine powder. The resulting mixture is melted to form a solid solution, pulverized, mixed with the remaining amount of tungsten carbide fine powder, and sintered at temperatures of 1325.degree.-1650.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal boride ceramic material, includes mixing metal boride powder with 1-20 wt. % metal powder and 0.1-10 wt. % carbon powder, shaping the mixture and firing it. Alternatively, the metal boride powder may be mixed with 0.1-89 wt. % metal carbide powder thereby make a mixture, followed by shaping the mixture and firing it.

Abstract: High hardness and high toughness nitrogen-containing sintered hard alloys or cermets useful for cutting tools, in particular, high speed cutting are provided which comprises a hard dispersed phase consisting essentially of a mixed carbonitride of titanium and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IVa, Va, and VIa elements of Periodic Table, except titanium, and a binder metal phase consisting essentially of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt, and unavoidable impurities, the hard dispersed phase having previously been subjected to a solid solution forming treatment at a temperature of at least the sintering temperature before sintering.

Abstract: A sintered hard metal having superior toughness and superior hardness may be used for micro-drills, tools and wear resistant parts. The metal is a cemented carbide WC formed from tungsten carbide WC as the base alloy and containing 4 to 20 percent by weight of vanadium carbide VC or zirconium nitride. Its micro-structure is that the WC or WC-VC particles are 0.6.mu. or less, its Rockwell Hardness HRA is at least 91.5 and its transverse rupture strength is at least 350 kg/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A method of producing ferrous sintered alloys comprises the steps of preparing mixed alloy powder containing Fe-P-C eutectic alloy powder which includes phosphorus within the range of 2.0% to 3.0% by weight, carbon not more than 4.0% by weight and one of molybdenum within the range of 8.0% to 11.0% by weight and boron within the range of 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, graphite, and ferroalloy powder containing chromium within the range of 11% to 14% by weight; causing the mixed alloy powder to be subjected to compression molding to have a green compact; and sintering the green compact to have a ferrous sintered alloy containing compound carbides in a matrix structure thereof. The graphite is so selected that the sum total of the graphite and the carbon included in the Fe-P-C eutectic alloy powder constitutes a part within the range of 5% to 8% by weight of the sum total of the graphite and the Fe-P-C eutectic alloy powder.

Abstract: Sputter targets and a process for producing sputter targets are provided, comprised of carbides and/or nitrides and/or borides of refractory metals. In a first step, a dense composite body is produced comprised of one or more carbides and/or nitrides and/or borides of the metals of Groups IV A-VI A of the periodic table and a metallic binding agent comprised of one or more metals of the iron group of the periodic table. This composite body in the form of a shaped blank is machined, if necessary, and the binding agent is removed by chemical or electrochemical treatment. The sputter target as so produced has excellent mechanical strength and high thermal shock resistance. Levels of contaminating elements and the residual metallic binding agent are extremely low, meeting the requirements typically placed on sputter targets.

Abstract: A cBN sintered compact for an end mill obtained by sintering mixed powder prepared by mixing about 35 to 50 percent by volume of cubic boron nitride powder smaller than about 2 .mu.m in average particle size with about 50 to 65 percent by volume of a binder under cBN-stable superhigh pressure conditions. The binder contains about 20 to 30 percent by weight of Al and one or more Ti compounds selected from a group of TiN.sub.z, Ti(C,N).sub.z, TiC.sub.z, (Ti,M)C.sub.z, (Ti,M) (C,N).sub.z and (Ti,M)N.sub.z (where M indicates a transition metal element of the group IVa, Va or VIa of the periodic table excepting Ti and z is within a range of about 0.7.ltoreq.z.ltoreq. about 0.

Abstract: A process for the production by power metallurgy of a material based on an aluminum alloy, a solid lubricant and at least one ceramic is disclosed. The process is characterized by using a ceramic in powder form with a granulometry of between 1 and 10 .mu.m.This invention finds application in the manufacture of components which are subjected to friction, in particular under hot condition, such as engine liners. These components provide an optimum compromise coefficient of friction and resistance to seizure and wear.

Abstract: An improved fabrication process for cobalt-enriched cemented carbide substrates is disclosed, in which an article is generally comprised of tungsten carbide, cobalt, and carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides of titanium, tantalum, and niobium, or mixtures thereof. In one aspect of the invention the article is contacted with nitrogen gas and then sintered in the absence of nitrogen gas to form a cobalt-enriched, B-1 phase-depleted zone. The article is then sintered in nitrogen gas to form a B-1 phase enriched layer on the surface of the article. Additionally, a metal oxide wear layer can be provided on the article.

Abstract: A method for producing high technology ceramics with minimal porosity comsing the steps of filling a can with a constituent powder of a ceramic, creating a vacuum in the can and maintaining the vacuum throughout the entire process; outgassing the powder in the can by placing a furnace around the area of the can that encloses the powder and heating the furnace to at least 100.degree. C.; removing the furnace after a minimum of five minutes of heating; cold rolling the can in a rolling system; igniting the powder so a localized propagation reaction front is created; and hot rolling the can in the rolling system so the propagation reaction front is maintained between the rolls of the rolling system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hard alloy comprising two phases: a hard phase consisting of at least one compound having a crystal structure of simple hexagonal MC type (M: metal; C: carbon) selected from the group consisting of mixed carbides, carbonitrides and carboxynitrides of molybdenum and tungsten, and a binder phase consisting of at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt and nickel. The hard phase is prepared by carburizing an (Mo, W) alloy obtained by reducing oxides of molybdenum and tungsten with a particle size of at most 1 micron, is composed of coarse particles with a mean particle size of at least 3 microns, and has a uniform molybdenum to tungsten ratio in the particles. The hard alloy has a gross composition within the range of the shaded portion ABCDEA in FIG. 1.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cermet having high toughness and high hardness, which exhibits excellent impact resistance and wear resistance when used in cutting tools. A mixed powder is prepared which consists essentially of: titanium nitride, from 25 to 50 percent by weight; titanium carbide, from 10 to 30 percent by weight; at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, and zirconium carbide, from 5 to 25 percent by weight; tungsten carbide, from 10 to 25 percent by weight; and at least one selected from the group consisting of Co and Ni, and Al if required, from 7.5 to 25 percent by weight in total. The above mixed powder is compressed into a green compact. The green compact is sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere under a pressure within a range from 0.1 to 100 torr, and at a temperature within a range from 1400.degree. to 1550.degree. C.

Abstract: A solid particle erosion resistant coating includes angular titanium carbide particles uniformly dispersed through a high chromium iron matrix. In one form, the aggregate comprises, by weight, about 30-50% TiC, about 10-30% Cr, about 1.5-5% C and the balance essentially iron in the form of ferrite. The matrix also includes metallurgically identifiable amounts of high chromium content M.sub.7 C.sub.3 carbides therethrough. The coating does not exhibit austenitic or martensitic structure therehthough. A powder alloy consolidated body also includes a surface adjacent region having a similar TiC and high chromium iron matrix. Further, a method for obtaining the coating includes heating above the austenitization temperature of the matrix alloy and below the melting temperature of iron, and cooling the aggregate so as to attain iron in the form of ferrite in the matrix.

Abstract: Cemented carbide substrates having substantially A or B type porosity and a binder enriched layer near its surface are described. A refractory oxide, nitride, boride, and/or carbide coating is deposited on the binder enriched surface of the substrate. Binder enrichment is achieved by incorporating Group IVB or VB transition elements. These elements can be added as the metal, the metal hydride, nitride or carbonitride.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite compact of cBN and WC-Co, comprising: mixing fine particles of cBN with a minor part of titanium carbide, the former being in an amount of 60-80% and the latter 40-20%, correspondingly, of the combined volume, putting the mixture in an intimate contact with a composite of WC-Co, heating the whole to a temperature high enough to cause an outflow of a liquid phase from said composite and infiltration thereof into said mixture under a pressure-temperature condition where cubic boron nitride is crystallographically stable, interjoining adjacent particles of cBN and titanium carbide, and as a whole to the composite of WC-Co, and recovering the integrated product of cBN, titanium carbide and WC-Co.

Abstract: A super heatresistant cermet and process of producing the same. A mixture, which contains about 10 to about 65% by weight of a powder of the carbonitride having titanium and tungsten, about 0.5 to about 10.0% by weight of a magnesium oxide powder and a tungsten powder, is pressed to form a compact, which is thereafter sintered in a vacuum or in an atmosphere of a nitrogen gas or an inert gas within the temperature range of about 1800.degree. to 2700.degree. C. to thereby decarburize the carbonitride with the magnesium oxide evaporated during the sintering, whereby there is produced a super heatresistant cermet containing about 10 to about 65% by weight of a carbonitride containing titanium and tungsten, about 0.01 to about 1.0% by weight of magnesium oxide, and tungsten as a binder. The super heatresistant cermet is excellent in impact resistance, wear resistance and plastic deformation resistance, and suitable for cutting tools.

Abstract: The alloy of the invention comprises 75 to 90% by weight of a mixture of carbides, for example WC and TiC, and 10 to 25% of a binder. This binder comprises Co, Ni and Ru, representing together 7 to 15% of the alloy, as well as Mo.sub.2 C. This alloy is useful for the production of decorative articles having a density similar to that of stainless steel.

Abstract: A process for producing titanium nitride base cermet with a high toughness comprises the steps of:admixing 0.5 to 10 parts by volume of a carbon powder with a cermet material powder in an amount of 100 parts by volume based on nitrides in the cermet material powder, the cermet material powder essentially consisting of, by weight, 40 to 93% TiN, 2 to 15% of one or more selected from the group consisting of metals of the Group VIa of the periodic table and carbides thereof, 4.7 to 35% of iron group metal, and 0.3 to 10% of AlN with the balance being inevitable impurities,compacting and sintering whereby when the compact is sintered, said AlN is substantially decomposed.TiN may be partly replaced with carbides and/or carbonitrides of metals of the Groups IVa and Va of the periodic Table.

Abstract: A wear-resistant hard metal free of tungsten carbide. The hard metal comprises: molybdenum carbide; a carbide of another transition metal; boron, boron nitride, boron carbide, or a mixture thereof, in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight boron, based on the weight of the molybdenum carbide, other transition metal carbide and boron-containing material, and a binder metal selected from the group consisting of metals of the iron group of the Periodic Table of Elements, and alloys thereof.

Abstract: New cobalt base alloys containing chromium and carbon are disclosed. The alloys are subjected to rapid solidification processing (RSP) technique which produces cooling rates between 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.7 .degree. C./sec. The as-quenched ribbon, powder etc. consists predominantly of amorphous phase. The amorphous phase is subjected to suitable heat treatments so as to produce a transformation to a microcrystalline alloy which includes carbides; this heat treated alloy exhibits superior mechanical properties for numerous industrial applications.