Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming an improved missile warhead comprising a cap section, a center section, and a mounting section, the three sections forming a tubular body closed by the cap section at one end thereof, with a plurality of cavities formed on the inner circumference of the center section. In formation of the cavity-bearing missile body, a missile body preform is isostatically formed from powder material along with low-density inclusions, the latter being removed during later processing to form an array of cavities, relying upon differential material densification for release of the inclusions from the pressed preform.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of encapsulating a material to be processed by warm or hot isostatic pressing, and an apparatus suitable for practicing the method, which basically includes the steps of (a) enveloping a processing material in the form of loose or compacted powder with a metal foil of 30 .mu.m in thickness, and (b) welding overlying and underlying metal foil portions to encapsulate said material in said metal foil in sealed state.

Abstract: In a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method, only the probe of a dilatometer is set in the pressurized heating space of the HIP apparatus, and the probe is attached to a test piece having a greater specific surface area made of the same material as the body to be treated. The test piece is treated by HIP together with the body to be treated, and the beginning of the contraction of the test piece is detected by the dilatometer. Then, the body is densified by keeping the pressure and the temperature not lower than those at the beginning of contraction of the test piece. According to the method of the invention, since suitable HIP treating conditions are determined immediately, each body to be treated can be treated by only one HIP suitably without repeating the troublesome HIP process. Also, since the body can be treated by HIP without elevating the temperature beyond the necessary temperature, the crystal grain growth of the body to be treated can be inhibited.

Abstract: A highly oriented rare earth based permanent magnet satisfies the relationship a.gtoreq.b>c where a is the longer side or major axis of the magnet, b is the shorter or minor axis of the magnet, and c is the thickness of the magnet, and that has a flat shape which is magnetized in the direction of thickness c, with the direction of magnetization being inclined at an angle of no more than 3 degrees with respect to the line normal to the plane defined by a and b. The magnet is produced by loading an alloy powder as the starting material into a mold having a cavity that satisfies the relationship A.gtoreq.B>C where A is the longer side or major axis of the cavity, B is the shorter side or minor axis of the cavity, and C is the depth of the cavity; exerting a compressive force of at least 0.4 tons/cm.sup.

Abstract: A melt-away mandrel is disclosed for use in an isostatic pressing process and a flexible sleeve is disclosed for use with the melt-away mandrel. The mandrel is used during pressing of compactible material and then the mandrel is melted away leaving the compacted part. Preferably the sleeve covers the mandrel and this assembly is loaded along with a material charge in a cold isostatic pressing apparatus. The sleeve protects the powder charge from contamination from the material of the mandrel. The isostatic pressing process for forming an uncontaminated part includes assembling the melt-away mandrel in the flexible sleeve, placing the sleeve and mandrel assembly in a containment vessel with the material charge, and submitting the material charge and sleeve and mandrel assembly to pressure for compacting the material charge against the sleeve. After the mandrel is melted, the sleeve is peeled away from the pressed material.

Abstract: A method of compacting radioactive metal wastes comprising enclosing the radioactive metal waste in vacuo in a capsule, placing the capsule into a pressure container, and subjecting the capsule to an increased pressure at a high temperature to compact the waste. The compacting treatment is conducted in a state in which the atmosphere within the pressure container contains water molecules in an amount, in terms of the total weight W (g) thereof, the amount being preferably in the range of:1.3.times.10.sup.-6 .times.V.ltoreq.Wwherein V (cm.sup.3) is the volume of the compacting space in the pressure container. Alternatively, an oxide coating is formed on the outer surface of the capsule before the capsule is placed into the pressure container, or the formation of the oxide coating is followed by the compacting treatment conducted in the above-mentioned state.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for production of silver-containing precursor alloys to oxide superconductors, said alloys having reduced amounts of intermetallics. Powders containing metallic elemental components of an oxide superconductor are high energy milled for a predetermined amount of time to increase homogeneity of the mixed metallic elemental components of the oxide superconductor. Silver is then high energy milled into the metallic components. The mixed silver and metallic elemental components of the oxide superconductor are compacted for the silver-containing superconductor precursor. The compacted powder is preferably hot worked at a temperature of at least 50% of the precursor alloy's melting temperature in degrees Kelvin.

Abstract: The method of consolidating a powder material to form a composite part includes forming a pattern which is a scaled-up version of the part to be formed; employing the pattern to produce a flexible mold with interior conformation matching the pattern exterior; introducing a previously formed shape, insert or body into the mold; introducing consolidatable powder material into the mold; compacting the mold to thereby compress the powder and previously formed shape into a preform which is to be consolidated; separating the preform from the mold; providing a bed of pressure transmission particles, and positioning the preform in the bed; and compacting the preform in the bed of particles by transmission of pressure to the preform via the bed, to thereby consolidate the preform into a dense, desired shape part.

Abstract: A method of forming tungsten ingots having improved uniformity of density and improved uniformity in distribution of dopant within the ingot is disclosed. Doped tungsten powder is disposed in a cylindrical mold having sealing means at both ends. The powder completely fills a void space within the mold between the sealing means so that there is substantially no settling of the powder. A pressure of about 560 kg/cm.sup.2 is applied uniformly to the outer surface of the mold to form a cylindrical compact. The compact is removed from the mold and resistance sintered to a density of at least about 85 percent of theoretical density to form the ingot.

Abstract: A method for molding high temperature composites that transmits more uniform pressures to the surface of the composites. A compliant glass, glass-ceramic, or ceramic layer is caused to apply pressure to a composite precursor and heat is applied to the composite precursor to form a composite.

Abstract: A method for producing an energistic porous warhead casing comprises the steps of mixing aluminum and magnesium powders in an Al:Mg weight ratio from about 22:78 to about 28:72, isostatically pressing said powders to form a preform of appropriate shape and with a density from about 20 to about 40 percent of the theoretical density, and heating said preform in an inert atmosphere at a temperature from 350 C to about 425 C until the density reaches 60 to 70 percent of the theoretical density.

Abstract: Process for shaping and improving the mechanical properties of blanks produced by powder metallurgy from an alloy with increased high-temperature strength by extrusion, and the deformation is successively performed in at least two temperature ranges different from one another or in two phases, in that the blank (2) is first reduced in its cross section at a temperature T.sub.1 and then is either agin reduced in at a lower temperature T.sub.2 or is deformed at a temperature T.sub.3 under counterpressure so that its cross section is further widened. T.sub.3 can be smaller than or equal to T.sub.1.

Abstract: Impact resistant clad composite armor and method for forming such armor. The impact resistant clad composite armor includes a ceramic core, and a layer of metal surrounding the ceramic material and bonded to the ceramic core. The metal layer is formed by cold isostatically pressing powder metal surrounding the ceramic core to a high initial density followed by vacuum sintering. The composite armor may be hot isostatically pressed to densify the powder metal to approximately 99% full density.

Abstract: A method for the densification of a shaped nickel base single crystal alloy article utilizing a pre-HIP, an improved hot isostatic pressing (HIP) step, and post-HIP solution heat treatment to enhance removal of casting porosity in a finished article.

Abstract: A method in which various kinds of powdered or granular materials such as metal, ceramic and the like are put into a metal cylindrical container which can be plastically-deformed, or in the space between a container and a core or a substrate, the surroundings are sealed so that the powdered or granular materials do not leak out, the container is locally pressed by a small roller, and the locally pressed treatment is provided to the whole container region. Therefore, the internal powdered or granular materials are pressurized to a uniform density without regard to selective parts, and the materials are formed to various shapes by means of the local pressing.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for the rapid generation of high hydrostatic pressures and the concurrent delivery of said pressures to a workpiece. The apparatus and methods comprise the rapid thermal expansion and vaporization of a volatile fluid. The volatile fluid is typically liquid argon and heated typically by means of a controllable electric heater, delivered to the workpiece typically by means of a pressure-rupturable membrane. The disclosed apparatus and methods permit the application of high hydrostatic pressures to commercial-scale workpieces, in an economic manner and with reduced cycle times.

Abstract: The invention includes an isostatic press supply of heat to a workpiece by microwave energy and a method for isostatically pressing a powdered ceramic or powdered metal material that is heated by microwave energy. The isostatic press includes a pressure vessel. A fluid medium is available for supply to the pressure vessel under pressure. The invention further includes a means for transmitting microwave energy into the pressure vessel. The method includes preparing a workpiece comprising a microwave coupler material. Desirably, the workpiece is a composition comprising a powdered coupler or semiconductor and a powdered insulator. The workpiece is immersed in an additional powdered insulator which is transparent to the microwave energy. The workpiece and immersing powdered insulator are contained in a closed, compressible container. The contained, immersed workpiece is then placed into a pressure vessel.

Abstract: Method of producing powder-metallurgical objects, specifically elongate objects such as rods, sections, tubes or the like, wherein a powder of metal and/or metal alloys of great hardness, particularly tool steel or high-speed steel powder, is charged into a thin-walled capsule, said capsule is then sealed so as to be airtight, is heated, and subjected to isostatic compression to produce a blank which will then undergo hot-working, specifically extrusion, for the production of the finished product. In a first alternative, the airtight and sealed capsule is initially heated to a temperature higher than 1,000.degree. C. Following through-heating of the capsule, the latter is maintained at an elevated temperature for a prolonged period. Then the capsule is slowly cooled and subjected to cold isostatic compression prior to final shaping. In a second alternative, the capsule is sealed so as to be airtight, and then subjected to an initial cold isostatic compression.

Abstract: Method for producing a heat-resistant aluminum-alloy workpiece having high transverse ductility which is manufactured from a compact produced by powder metallurgy, in which alloy powders are first cold-isostatically pressed under a pressure of 1500 to 5000 bar and the extrusion billet (2) produced in this manner is hot-recompacted and extruded to form a bar (7) with rectangular cross-section. Reduction ratio at least 6:1. A prismatic bar section (8) is separated from the bar (7) and is converted without further hot deformation and solely by machining into the final product in a manner such that the mechanical main load directions of the final product position themselves in a plane which is parallel to the plane which is extended through the extrusion direction and the longitudinal axis of the cross-section of the bar (7).

Abstract: A method of joining two porous bodies of silicon carbide is disclosed. It entails utilizing an aqueous slip of a similar silicon carbide as was used to form the porous bodies, including the sintering aids, and a binder to initially join the porous bodies together. Then the composite structure is subjected to cold isostatic pressing to form a joint having good handling strength. Then the composite structure is subjected to pressureless sintering to form the final strong bond. Optionally, after the sintering the structure is subjected to hot isostatic pressing to further improve the joint and densify the structure. The result is a composite structure in which the joint is almost indistinguishable from the silicon carbide pieces which it joins.

Abstract: A presinter treatment is provided to reduce oxygen contamination prior to sintering a predominantly iron powder compact comprising carbon powder and a liquating diffusible boron source, such as nickel boride powder optionally in combination with iron boride powder. A preferred treatment is carried out at a temperature effective to dissociate iron oxide within the compact but not to initiate a liquid phase by said boron source and further is carried out in a vacuum to evacuate oxygen released thereby from compact pores prior to sintering. The presinter treatment enhances carbon and boron diffusion into the iron during sintering. In a preferred embodiment, the fraction of borocementite particles formed by diffused carbon and boron in the sintered iron structure is increased by the presinter treatment of this invention.

Abstract: A tubular compact (14) obtained by compacting a powder is applied with one circumferential surface (16) at a minimum distance required for said application, from an abutment surface (15) corresponding to said one circumferential surface (16). The space between said one circumferential surface (16) and the abutment surface (15) is evacuated, such that the compact (14), while undergoing a certain deformation to bridge said space, is sucked against the abutment surface (15) so as to be firmly retained against it.

Abstract: A container for holding powdered metal is formed by electroplating a layer of metal over a pattern having a configuration which corresponds to the configuration of an article to be formed. A rigid core is surrounded by the pattern material and the layer of metal. The pattern material is removed from the layer of metal to form a container in which the core is disposed. The core and container may be held against relative movement by gripping the core with the layer of metal or by pin elements extending between the core and layer of metal. The container is filled with metal powder. The metal powder is cold compacted to plastically deform the particles of metal powder without significant bonding between the particles of metal powder. The metal powder is cold compacted by exposing the container to fluid at a relatively low temperature and high pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for the rapid generation of high hydrostatic pressures and the concurrent delivery of said pressures to a workpiece. The apparatus and methods comprise the rapid thermal expansion and vaporization of a volatile fluid. The volatile fluid is typically liquid argon and heated typically by way of a controllable electric heater, delivered to the workpiece typically by way of a pressure-rupturable membrane. The disclosed apparatus and methods permit the application of high hydrostatic pressures to commercial-scale workpieces, in an economic manner and with reduced cycle times.

Abstract: Spiral parts, such as orbiting and fixed scroll plates having involute wraps, for use in scroll compressors, the parts having low coefficient of thermal expansion and high tensile strength and Young's modulus, are formed by combining a self-lubricating power into aluminum raw material powder prior to compression and forging. As an alternative to and in conjunction with the foregoing, temperatures during preform heating and in the die for forging are controlled to be in respective ranges of 300.degree. to 500.degree. C. and 150.degree. to 500.degree. C. Aluminum alloy fine powder preferably has a particle diameter no larger than 350 .mu.m. The self-lubricating powder preferably forms 1 to 25% of the mix by volume, and contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of graphite, BN, and MoS.sub.2.

Abstract: A method of treating a preform consisting essentially FeNeB alloy particles to produce a magnet having superior magnetic properties, the steps:(a) removing O.sub.2 from the preform and applying an O.sub.2 resistant coating to the preform surface, or removing O.sub.2 and maintaining an O.sub.2 -free environment,(b) heating the coated preform to elevated temperature and in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, to facilitate subsequent bonding of the particles during their consolidation,(c) providing a consolidation zone containing a grain bed and transferring the heated and coated or uncoated preform to said zone to be embedded in the grain bed,(d) applying pressure to the grain bed sufficient to be transferred via the bed and to the heated preform, thereby to consolidate the preform.

Abstract: A method for sintering a metal powder, a ceramic powder, or a mixture thereof accomplishes compact sintering of even a high melting substance by heating the powder at an elevated temperature for a short time under not less than 10,000 atmospheres of pressure. To attain the quick high-temperature heating under the ultrahigh pressure, a Thermit reaction is generated in an ultrahigh pressure generating apparatus which is provided with a gasket made of pyrophyllite and cylinders and anvils protected with heat insulators.For the purpose of preventing the Thermit reaction from inducing a reaction between the Thermit composition and the powder under treatment and the heater and ensuring electrical insulation of these components, barriers made of hexagonal boron nitride and/or tantalum are suitably disposed within the apparatus.

Abstract: This invention relates to metal matrix composites containing at least 40% v/v of a hard material such as SiC and a matrix of aluminium, magnesium or alloys of either. The invention also covers a method of making such composites by ball milling powders of the respective components. Other mixing techniques do not enable such a high proportion of hard material to be incorporated into the composite. The composites are useful to produce components resistant to wear.

Abstract: A process of making a composite of a sintered layer on a metal core member, such as an extruder screw having a sintered hard layer on a steel core, by charging a green compact sintering powder material into a space between an inner surface of a compressible mold and an outer surface of a mold core, sealing the compressible mold with the green compact material and the mold core therein, isostatic pressing the sealed compressible mold with the green compact material and the mold core therein, removing the mold core from the isostatically pressed green compact thus forming a cavity therein, inserting a metal core in the cavity in the isostatically pressed green compact with the metal core having a smaller transverse cross-section than the previously removed mold core and shrinking and bonding the isostatically pressed green compact onto the metal core by heating the isostatically pressed green compact and the metal core to a temperature at which the isostatically pressed green compact is sintered resulting in sh

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for producing a powder metal part having a plurality of cavities. The method involves introducing a metal powder and an apparatus into a mold, the apparatus being made of a plurality of solid pieces which are in the shape of the cavities to be formed. The pieces are joined together by joining means and are positioned relative to each other by adjusting means so that the cavities formed therefrom are equally spaced about the center of the part. The apparatus is then removed from the mold, and the powder is then isostatically pressed in the mold to produce a green part which is then sintered to form the final part having the cavities.

Abstract: A quantity of powder material (14) which is less dense than a predetermined density is disposed in a sealed container (12) which is encapsulated in a pressure transmitting medium (16). The pressure transmitting medium (16) is placed within a pot die (26) of a press where it is restrained as ram (24) enters the pot die (26) and applies a force to the pressure transmitting medium (16) and the container (12). The pressure transmitting medium (16) comprises liquid and is capable of transmitting pressure omnidirectionally about the container (12). The container (12) has a porous structure. The container (12) collapses and permanently deforms as the powder (14) compacts. The container does not completely expand to its initial shape after being removed from the pressure transmitting medium (16) and therefore saves the compacted powder (14') from resilient forces of the container (12) tending to rebound the container (12) to its initial shape.

Abstract: A light weight and high strength aluminum alloy and a process for producing such an alloy, which alloy is suitable for forming automotive engine components, including pistons. In a preferred embodiment, 80 to 99.5% by volume of an aluminum alloy powder or a mixed powder composed of pure metal powders or master alloy powders is blended with 0.5 to 20% by volume of at least one of carbon or graphite powder, an oxide powder, a carbide powder and a nitride powder. The blend is then mechanically alloyed, following which the thereby-obtained powder is subjected to working such as by compaction and hot forging, hot pressing, cold isostatic pressing and hot forging, or cold isostatic pressing and hot extrusion.

Abstract: A process for producing titanium alloy articles by Hot Isostatic Pressing of a rapidly-solidified titanium alloy powder is provided wherein such pressing is carried out at a pressure greater than 30 ksi, and a temperature of about 60 to 80 percent of the beta-transus temperature of the alloy, in degrees C. Hot Isostatic Pressing under these conditions allows retention of the fine microstructure of the rapidly-solidified powder. The compacted article may be subjected to heat treatment to alter its microstructure.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing structural parts of complicated shape from intermetallic phases capable of sintering by means of special additives which serve at the same time as sintering assist and increase the ductility of the finished structural part. The process includes the steps of making by melting a pre-alloy of the intermetallic phase, comminuting the pre-alloy into fine powder and mixing the fine powder with one or more additives into a mass which can then be shaped and subsequently sintered at a temperature of 70 to 95% of the absolute melting point of the intermetallic phases into a structural part of increased ductility and a density greater than 95% of the theoretical density which might possibly be subjected to subsequent pressing operations.

Abstract: A powder metallurgy consolidation process and apparatus for carrying out said process produces integral metal bodies by heating metal powder of a predetermined composition to a temperature sufficient to cause solid state interparticle bonding, while simultaneously maintaining a reactive fluid in contact with the metal powder. The metal powder is compacted to a density greater than 90% of the full theoretical density of the composition after the reactive fluid has been removed. The reactive fluid is selected to modify the powder particle surface chemistry in order to improve bondability and to obtain other properties as desired. Metal bodies which have been consolidated by the process are sufficiently dense to be mechanically hot worked and exhibit exceptionally low retained gas content.

Abstract: An improved method of forming a rotor includes the steps of hot isostatically pressing powdered metal to form disc-shaped hub sections. Each of the hub sections has a rim portion with a relatively large or coarse grain size to optimize high temperature creep properties. The central portion of each hub section has a relatively small or fine grain size to optimize tensile strength and reduce cycle fatigue at intermediate temperatures. Dispersion of any defects in the hub sections is promoted by plastically deforming the hub sections. Preformed blades are placed in an annular array between a pair of the hub sections and the hub sections are bonded together to interconnect the blades and hub sections.

Abstract: A preformed body (12) from powder material of metallic and nonmetallic compositions and combinations thereof, is consolidated to form a densified compact (12") of a predetermined density. An outer container mass (20), capable of fluidity in response to predetermined forces and temperatures and which is porous to gases at lesser temperatures and forces than said predetermined force and temperature, surrounds an internal medium (22). The internal medium encapsulates the preformed body (12) within the container mass (20) and is capable of melting at the lesser temperatures to form a liquid barrier to gas flow therethrough. The internal medium (22) is capable of rapid hermetic sealing during the early stages of preheat. External pressure is applied by a pot die (16) and ram (14) to the entire exterior of the container mass (20) to cause the predetermined densification of the preformed body (12) by hydrostatic pressure.

Abstract: Uranium dioxide powder produced by a gas phase process in which uranium hexafluoride is reacted with dry steam and then with steam and/or hydrogen at a higher temperature is subjected to mechanical treatment, e.g. milling, to break down its structure and increase its packing density. Other powders may be included with the uranium dioxide. The treated powder is mixed with a limited quantity (e.g. 0.5% by weight) of binder, preferably a high strength adhesive, to produce a free flowing powder and formed into pellets by pressing. The pellets are then sintered. Optionally the free flowing powder is spheroidised by tumbling prior to pressing into pellets.

Abstract: The method of forming a cutter, which includes a core and a wear resistant insert defining a body means which includes(a) applying to the body means a mixture of:(i) wear resistant metallic powder, and(ii) binder(b) volatilizing the binder,(d) and applying pressure to the body means and powdered metal, at elevated temperature to consolidate same.

Abstract: Method for applying a corrosion-protection layer to the base body (1) of a gas turbine blade by embedding particles (3) of SiC in a metallic matrix by means of powder, paste or electrolytic/electrophoretic methods and compacting, welding or fusing and bonding the matrix-forming material to the base body (1) by means of hot-pressing, hot isostatic pressing or laser beam, electron beam or electric arc. Protective layers are formed which do not flake off and with high silicon content which is at least partially contained in the embedded, partly modified SiC particles (6) as a reservoir for the operation.

Abstract: Powder metallurgy products of high tensile strength are formed in a pore-free state by a novel process which entirely avoids the use of canisters. An open-pore specimen is purged with depurative gas, backfilled with a reactive gas and, while still immersed in the reactive gas, compressed isostatically to an extent necessary to close the pores. The specimen may then be compressed to full density without the need for either high vacuum or a depurative or reactive gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A cermet is produced by providing a bulk reaction mixture of particulate reactants plus elemental metal, which reaction mixture is in admixture with a ceramic diluent that is the same as ceramic material formed during sintering of the reaction mixture. Sintering produces a boride-oxide ceramic with the oxide being a metal oxide of the elemental metal. However, the elemental metal is present in the reaction mixture in substantial excess over that amount stoichiometrically required. Sintering is conducted under inert atmosphere, generally after pressing. The invention is particularly directed to boride-based ceramics containing aluminum, which materials are suitable as components of electrolytic cells for the production of aluminum by molten salt electrolysis.

Abstract: A method for producing high speed, tool and die steel articles from prealloyed powders. The method comprises placing particles of a prealloyed steel composition from which the article is to be made in a deformable container, heating the container and particles and then passing the heated container through a forging box having a plurality of hammers evenly spaced around the container and adapted to extend and retract radially to impart a radial forging action to the container. The forging action is of a magnitude and duration to compact the particles to an essentially fully dense article. Preferably, there are four hammers arranged in two pairs with the hammer of each pair being opposed and adapted to extend and retract in unison.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a metallic composite article, with which the surface area of a base member, which surface area consists of a metallic base material, is bonded to a plating material over the entire surface. The base member is to be plated with a layer which is as far as possible homogeneous and thin and the composition of which is freely selectable. For this purpose, the plating material is placed in a sheet-metal cap which is adapted to the surface area to be plated as well as to the adjacent area of the base member surrounding this surface area and overlaps this adjacent area. Once the plating material and sheet-metal cap have been pressed against the base member the sheet-metal cap is evacuated and welded by electron beam, under vacuum, to the base member, whereupon base member, plating material and sheet-metal cap are hot-isostatically pressed. The sheet-metal cap is then removed, leaving the desired, plated base member.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the manufacture of bars, wires or profiled elements by hot transformation which may be followed by cold transformation. The invention particularly concerns a new process for the manufacture of a composite billet for hot transformation as well as a method for the manufacture of products which are difficult to transform by making use of such a composite billet.

Abstract: A process for the production of a hollow or a solid profile (21) from dry powder material (27) is accomplished by means of a flexible form (7), through means of which a mold cavity (25) is enclosed in sleeve fashion. The flexible form (7) is capable of being placed under external pressure, over its entire length, radially from all sides, in order to compact, radially, the powder material (27) found, and capable of being poured, inside the form (7). In order to be able to produce endless solid profiles and/or hollow profiles from dry powder material, provided for is that the production of the profile (21) can be accomplished by sections and, additionally, that the mold form (25), running constant at its one end up to the profile diameter, and here limited by the precompacted profile section (21) and at its other end by the mutually convergent inner surfaces (8) of the flexible form provided with a top supply opening (17), is uniformly filled with a measured amount of powder material (27).

Abstract: A process for producing a composite billet employing powder metallurgical techniques in which a first alloy powder of a preselected composition is compacted in a tubular container producing a preliminarily compacted tubular mass which thereafter is finished on the interior surface thereof to desired final dimensions. The resultant tubular mass is placed in a second container and the core thereof is filled with a powder of a desired second alloy composition and the contents are sealed. The second alloy powder is subsequently hot compacted to a density approaching 100 percent theoretical density without incurring any appreciable distortion or dimensional change of the tubular mass. Thereafter, the preliminary composite compacted billet is subjected under elevated temperature to an axial extrusion step producing a final composite extruded billet having a concentric outer layer of a first alloy and an inner core layer of a second alloy metallurgically bonded together.

Abstract: A green compact (17) preheated to a predetermined temperature in a heating furnace (16) is inserted into a container comprising a press table (20) and a hollow cylinder (25), and molten glass (33) is then placed into the container. The green compact (17) is uniformly pressed by a press rod (29) through the molten glass (33). The molten glass (33) is cooled by a coolant flowing through channels (22) and (26) formed in the press table (20) and the cylinder (25), whereby a solidified shell (34) is formed at the outer peripheral portion of the mass of glass. Finally, the shell (34) is taken out from the container, and the molten portion of glass (33) is transferred into a ladle (31) through a grating (30), leaving the compressed sintered product on the grating (30).

Abstract: A hermetically sealed capsule (10) containing degased metal powder (11) is embedded in a soft metal flow die (20). Subsequently the flow die (20) is compressed in a cavity block, thereby compressing the metal powder (11) by the hydrostatic pressure of the flow die and simultaneously shaping the said powder. This results in the reforming of the structure right down to the interior of the particles with compression of up to 100%. The shaping process can be aided by moulding dies (17, 18) embedded in the flow die (10) around the capsule (10) at a distance from each other and, when closed, forming a cavity, the shape of which deviates from that of the original shape of the capsule (10). The capsule (10) containing the metal powder is formed during closure of the moulding cavity.

Abstract: A fine aluminum metallurgical powder suitable for compacting and sintering into densified articles which includes a dispersed phase is produced by directing a stream of molten droplets at a repellent surface to produce smooth surfaced and melt solidified particles having an average particle size of less than about ten micrometers.