Abstract: To provide piston rings which are ductile, can be heavily thermally loaded, and are not attacked by corrosive residues occurring upon combustion of residual oil or other sulfur-containing heavy Diesel oils, a powder mixture is sintered in an isostatic hot-pressure sintering process in which a hard metal and a soft filler material are combined; in accordance with one embodiment, the base is a hard metal using nickel or cobalt-based alloys present in 40-80% by weight, the remainder filler which, for example, is unrefined or galvanically coated graphite; in a second embodiment, the base is a soft material such as a high-copper content bronze, and the filler is a nickel or cobalt-based alloy, with the base metal being present in 60-80%, the filler being the remainder (all percentages by weight).

Abstract: A method is described for producing articles having a metal core, an intermediate powder metallurgy layer, and an exterior wear- and chip-resistant layer on the portions thereof requiring the same, which comprises:applying to a bearing metal core, powdered steel alloy containing about 3.5% nickel by weight by cold isostatic compaction in a compressible mold under a pressure of about 6000 atmospheres to provide an intermediate powder metallurgical layer having a density of about 90%;sintering said intermediate layer on said core in an atmosphere of hydrogen at about 1200.degree. C. for about one hour;applying a wear- and chip-resistant layer to selected portions of said sintered intermediate powder metallurgical layer by plasma spraying; andhot isostatically compacting the sprayed article in a thin-walled deep-drawn vessel of low carbon steel having a wall thickness of about 0.

Abstract: A high density sintering method for powder molded products by applying preliminary sintering to powder molded products previously molded into a predetermined shape and then applying hot isostatic press process to the sintered products thereby producing high density sintered product which includes the steps of loading the powder molded products into a movable heating furnace equipped with at least one heating means and having a heat insulating structure, introducing the heating furnace into an atmosphere chamber, applying preliminary sintering to the powder molded products in the heating furnace by the heating means while conditioning the inside of the atmosphere chamber to a vacuum or predetermined gas atmosphere, subsequently removing the heating furnace while maintaining the inside thereof at a high temperature from the atmosphere chamber and directly introducing the furnace into a high pressure vessel, thereafter, applying the hot isostatic press process to the sintered products in the furnace while chargi

Abstract: A method for hot-consolidating powder of metallic and nonmetallic composition and combinations thereof to form a densified compact at a predetermined temperature and pressure at which the powder is transformed into a compact comprises the steps of filling the cavity of a container with a powder, such as a superalloy, to be compacted and hermetically sealing the container. The method is characterized by the steps of heating the container within an autoclave having an inert gas therein, such as argon, to an intermediate temperature, then pressurizing the autoclave to an intermediate temperature and thereafter raising the temperature to thereby increase the pressure and, consequently, reach the temperature and pressure to effect compaction or densification of the compact or article.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a bladed element of a rotary fluid machine, for example a turbine or compressor, includes the steps of securing a plurality of blades in a gas-tight manner in respective openings in a wall of a hollow casing with one end of each blade in the hollow interior of the casing and the remainder of the blade externally of the casing, filling the casing with powder which surrounds the blade ends within the casing, hermetically sealing the casing, and isostatically pressing the casing around the blade ends in order to form the casing, the powder and the blade ends into a monolithic body.

Abstract: An object of ceramic or metallic material is manufactured by isostatic pressing of a body preformed from a powder of the metallic or ceramic material, the preformed body (10) then being embedded in glass, for example in a mass of glass particles (16) in a vessel (15) which is resistant to the temperature at which the sintering of the metallic or ceramic material is carried out, the material embedding the preformed body being transferred to a melt having a surface limited by the walls of the vessel, below which surface the preformed body is located, and a pressure necessary for the isostatic pressing of the preformed body then being applied on the melt by a gaseous pressure medium.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy atomized or other powder is compacted and shaped into a useful article including heating the compact rapidly by induction heating techniques. Such rapid induction heating results in improved strength or toughness properties without substantial penalty in elongation, thereby rendering the product so produced more useful in high strength applications. The product so produced may be subsequently shaped by forging, extruding or rolling processes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing metal pieces by casting and sintering of a metal alloy powder of the type that includes two phases, a conforming phase during which a load of powder is heated inside a formal casting to execute a rigid preform which is porous and a compacting and sintering phase during which the preform is heated under isostatic pressure. The method and resulting metal piece is characterized in that the conforming phase is conducted so that the preform has open pores and the isostatic pressure is applied by way of an envelope that distorts and is airtight. The method is applied advantageously in the execution of complex formal pieces made of superalloys or made of a titanium alloy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for densifying previously sintered parts constructed of powdered metals, ceramics or the like to nearly 100% theoretical density. The method of the present invention comprises heating the parts above their liquid phase temperature and then applying a pressure in the range of 50-2,000 psi to the parts for a predetermined period of time and simultaneously maintaining the parts at or above their liquid phase temperature. The method of the present invention achieves complete closure of even large voids and the elimination of substantially all porosity within the part.

Abstract: A quantity of material (10), which is at less than a predetermined density, is disposed within a sealed container (12) which is, in turn, encapsulated in a pressure-transmitting (18) medium which is, in turn, placed within a pot die (20) of a press where it is restrained as a ram (24) enters the pot die (20) and applies a force to the pressure-transmitting medium (18) to densify the material within the container into a compact (10') of predetermined density. The pressure-transmitting medium (18) is characterized by a rigid interconnected ceramic skeleton structure (26) which is collapsible in response to a predetermined force and fluidizing glass (28) capable of fluidity and supported by and retained within the skeleton structure (26). The glass (28) becomes fluidic and capable of plastic flow at temperatures utilized for compaction whereas the ceramic skeleton (26) retains its configuration and acts as a carrier for the fluidic glass (28).

Abstract: A particulate mass to be sintered is imbedded in a mold which comprises a porous mass of particulate refractory material enclosed within a flexible membrane. Six press units are provided for applying compressive pressures externally to the mold, together or in sequence, whereby to subject the sinterable mass to pressures in the respective directions, under the control of a preprogrammed control unit which receives clock pulses from a source and stimulates the respective press units. A flexible heating coil imbedded in the mold is supplied with alternating current from a source to inductively heat up the sinterable mass and the adjacent mold material, to enable sintering to occur. The sinterable mass may have been precompacted into a self-supporting so-called "green compact", or it may be supported in a self-supporting shell carried within and forming part of the mold. The mold preferably comprises three layers having characteristics chosen so as to assist in heating up the sinterable mass uniformly.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming roller cutters and also for forming cutting teeth for rolling cutter bits, including cutter inserts, cutter teeth formed in place, or formed separately and welded in place, etc., by powder metallurgy as a densified powder metallurgical composite of at least two varying phases, the composite having a substantially continuous mechanical property gradient therethrough. The gradient is from one region having hardness or wear resistant properties to another region having toughness properties. The method comprises:providing a first powder mixture comprising a major proportion by volume of a powdered refractory compound and a minor proportion by volume of a powdered binder metal or alloy. Providing a second powder comprising a powdered binder metal or alloy or a mixture comprising a powdered refractory material and a powdered binder metal or alloy, present in a lesser proportion by volume than in the first powder.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing elongated dense bodies of metals or metal alloys by extrusion of a powder charge enclosed in a metal capsule. A closed, powder-filled capsule is heated to a temperature necessary for bonding the charge under pressure, and the capsule is then inserted in a pressure chamber and surrounded by a layer of a solid, readily deformable material, such as talcum powder or pyrophyllite. A piston is inserted into the pressure chamber and subjects the capsule and the surrounding material to a pressure such that the capsule and the surrounding material are pressed out together through an opening in a die. Tubes can also be extruded, with the deformable packing material filling the tube bore.

Abstract: A method of creating a controlled interior surface configuration of passages within a substrate, particularly cooling passages of nozzles or buckets of a gas turbine, involves the hot isostatic pressing of a leachable passage insert whose surface carries the female image of the desired interior surface configuration inside the substrate followed by leaching of the insert from the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of titanium-based alloy members by powder metallurgy.This process consists of:(a) preparing a titanium or titanium alloy powder having a grain size distribution between 100 and 1000 .mu.m,(b) depositing on said powder a coating of a material such that on contact with the titanium or titanium alloy it forms a liquid phase at a temperature T.sub.1 which is below the allotropic transformation temperature T of the titanium or titanium alloy constituting the said powder,(c) introducing the thus coated powder into a mould, and(d) hot compressing this powder in the mould at a pressure of 10 to 30 MPa at a temperature between T.sub.1 and T for a time such that a complete densification of the powder is obtained.Application to the construction of discs for turbines with integrated blades.

Abstract: A .[.container.]. .Iadd.method .Iaddend.for hot consolidating powder of metallic and non-metallic composition and combinations thereof by the application of heat and pressure .[.wherein the.]. .Iadd.to a thick-walled and regularly shaped .Iaddend.container .[.includes.]. .Iadd.having .Iaddend.a mass of container material which is substantially fully dense and incompressible and is capable of plastic flow at .[.pressing.]. .Iadd.conventinal compaction .Iaddend.temperatures, a cavity of .[.a predetermined.]. .Iadd.an irregular .Iaddend.shape formed within the mass for receiving a quantity of powder, the mass including walls around the cavity of sufficient thickness so that the exterior surface thereof does not closely follow the contour of the cavity whereby, upon the application of heat and pressure to the container, the mass acts like a fluid to apply hydrostatic pressure to the powder contained in the cavity.