Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly (1) having at least two metallic components (2, 3) which are subject to sliding stress and each have a sliding surface and in operation slide against one another, wherein at least one of the components (2, 3) consists of a metallic sintered material having an iron-based matrix containing iron together with carbon and up to 10% by weight of at least one non-ferrous metal at least in the region of the sliding stress, where the carbon content is at least 1% by weight and not more than 10% by weight and at least part of the carbon is present in unbound particulate form in the matrix.

Abstract: A spheriodal cast alloy for producing cast iron products with great mechanical strength, high-wear resistance and a high degree of ductility. The alloy comprises the following as non-iron components: between 2.5 and 2.8 wt. % C, between 2.4 and 3.4 wt. % Si, between 0.02 and 0.08 wt. % P, between 0.02 and 0.06 wt. % Mg, between 0.01 and 0.05 wt. % Cr, between 0.002 and 0.02 wt. % Al, between 0.0005 and 0.015 wt. % S, between 0.0002 and 0.002 wt. % B and conventional impurities. The alloy contains between 3.0 and 3.7 wt. % C, between 2.6 and 3.4 wt. % Si, between 0.02 and 0.05 wt. % P, between 0.025 and 0.045 wt. % Mg, between 0.01 and 0.03 wt. % Cr, between 0.003 and 0.017 wt. % Al, between 0.0005 and 0.012 wt. % S and between 0.0004 and 0.002 wt. % B. The alloy is used for example to produce chassis parts or brake discs in the automobile industry.

Abstract: A method is provided for influencing the properties of cast iron by adding magnesium to the cast iron melt and measuring the oxygen content of the cast iron melt. Magnesium is added to the cast iron melt until the oxygen content of the cast iron melt is approximately 0.005 to 0.2 ppm at a temperature of approximately 1,420° C. A sensor for measuring the oxygen content in cast iron melts contains an electrochemical measuring cell containing a solid electrolyte tube.

Abstract: A process for the production of a semi-solidified iron alloy slurry having a crystallized solid phase and a residual liquid phase, wherein a material having a hypoeutectic cast iron composition is used, and an additive agent having a boiling point that is lower than at least a crystallization initiation temperature of primary crystals of the material is added to a melt of the material when the melt temperature is within a specific temperature range of not lower than the crystallization initiation temperature of the primary crystals and not greater than a temperature that is 50° C. higher than the crystallization initiation temperature, to thereby simultaneously conduct the stirring of the melt by the boiling of the additive agent and the cooling of the melt to a temperature falling within a semi-solidification temperature range thereof.

Abstract: An iron-based high-silicon alloy contains (in weight percent) 2.6-3.5% carbon, 3.7-4.9% silicon, 0.45-1.0% niobium, up to 0.6% manganese, up to 0.02% sulfur, up to 0.02% phosphorus, up to 0.5% nickel, up to 1.0% chromium, up to 0.1% magnesium, and the balance iron and up to 0.2% of other elements. The alloy is heat resistant and is suitable for use in producing, among other things, turbochargers, center housings, back plates, exhaust manifolds, and integrated turbo manifolds that are used in the automotive and truck manufacturing industries.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of making ferritic ductile iron castings (60-40-18) with high toughness (6 ft.lb minimum Charpy V at ?20 F and 10 ft.lb minimum Charpy V at +72 F), without adding Nickel and without annealing.

Abstract: An as-cast carbidic ductile iron is provided, having a pearlitic matrix with 5-50% by volume carbides and high wear resistance properties. The as-cast carbidic ductile iron is produced without an austempering heat treatment step. The as-cast carbidic ductile iron preferably includes a carbide stabilizing element and a spheroidizing agent.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide high manganese cast iron containing spheroidal vanadium carbide and method for making thereof which is nonmagnetic as well as superior mechanical properties such as wear-resistance and toughness, and further does not require a water toughing heat treatment which has been needed when nonmagnetic high manganese steel (high manganese cast steel) is obtained by crystallized spheroidal vanadium in austenite matrix, and the high manganese cast iron containing spheroidal vanadium carbide is comprised of C 1.5˜4.0 weight %, V 6˜15 weight %, Si 0.2˜4.0 weight %, Mn 10˜18 weight %, Mg 0.01˜0.1 weight %, remaining iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, spheroidal vanadium carbide is crystallized within a structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing nodular cast iron with a high number of graphic nodules. This process comprises the following steps: preparing molten base iron for wasting castings of nodular cast iron; adding Mg to the molten base iron; inoculating the casting stream with a first inoculant when casting the cast iron into a casting mold. According to the invention, between the addition of the Mg and the inoculation of the casting stream, a preliminary inoculation using a further inoculant is carried out as an additional step. The invention also relates to a casting obtained by using this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the magnesium content in molten aluminum alloy by thermal analysis by determining on a cooling curve the eutectic temperature, and substituting the above eutectic temperature in a formula of Mg={(577−TE)/4.4}×Si/12.5.

Abstract: A method for controlling the composition of a cast iron melt is presented. A cast iron melt is prepared which has added to it a structure modifying agent and a nucleating agent in amounts selected to produce a fully compacted graphite iron upon solidification of the melt. A sample vessel, having an inner wall having an active portion coated with a material which will lower the concentration of dissolved modifying agent and an inert portion, is used to extract a sample of the melt. Three temperature measuring devices are used to measure temperatures at three locations within the melt. One measuring device measures the temperature at the center of the vessel, one measures the temperature at the inert portion of the vessel's inner surface and one measures the temperature at the active portion of the vessel's inner surface. In another aspect of the invention, two sample vessels are used, one having an active surface and the other having an inert surface.

Abstract: A method for producing ductile iron in a single reactor without the utilization of further processor like converters, tundishes, plunging etc. is disclosed. The method is applied in a modified induction furnace with a removable bottom injection device stainless steel tuyere type wherein it is possible to inject different gases like nitrogen, argon, chlorine, natural gas and solids like Magnesium, alloying, innoculants, desulfurization agents etc. through pneumatic transportation.

Abstract: Spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.016-0.030 weight % of S, in which the number of spheroidal graphite particles having a diameter of 2 .mu.m or more is such that it is 1700/mm.sup.2 or more when an as-cast iron portion measured has a thickness of 3 mm. This cast iron is produced by:(a) preparing an Fe alloy melt consisting essentially of, by weight, 3.0-4.0% of C, 1.8-5.0% of Si, 1.0% or less of Mn, 0.20% or less of P, 0.005-0.015% of S and balance Fe and inevitable impurities;(b) adding 0.020-0.050% of a lanthanide rare earth metal to the Fe alloy melt before or simultaneously with adding a spheroidizing agent;(c) subjecting the melt to a spheroidizing treatment by using the spheroidizing agent; and(d) adding a sulfur-containing material to the melt so that the amount of S is adjusted to 0.016-0.030 weight %, and that the amount of the lanthanide rare earth metal is adjusted to 0.010-0.040 weight %.

Abstract: A process for making ferritic spheroidal graphite iron uses no pig iron but instead melts medium manganese and low silicon content steel scrap in an electric furnace with about 3% by weight of low sulphur content graphite. When the melt reaches 1400.degree. C. it is deslagged. Sufficient graphite is then added to bring the carbon up to at least 3% again and before or after this event, returns may be added to the melt while the furnace electric power is on to induce stirring of the melt. The melt is superheated next to above 1470.degree. C. and carbon and silicon correction is made. This is followed by inoculating the melt and pouring the castings.

Abstract: In the manufacture of ductile iron it is important to know that the magnesium content is above (or possibly below) a threshold value. It is known that the presence of magnesium prevents tellurium causing solidification of a sample with carbidic eutectic arrest. Accordingly we treat a sample in a receptacle with a known quantity of sulphur (or selenium) such as just to neutralize the threshold quantity of magnesium, then we observe whether, on solidification, the eutectic arrest is graphitic (indicating that more than the threshold quantity of magnesium is present) or carbidic, indicating less magnesium. The observation is most simply done (and can be done semi-automatically) by timing a cooling curve between two predetermined temperatures.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of cast iron containing vermicular graphite is described, in which nodular cast iron (GGG) is used as a starting melt. The GGG melt can be produced in a converter in a precise and reproducible way, whereby the sulphur and oxygen contents of the GGG melt are limited within narrow ranges. Additional sulphur is added to the GGG melt in an amount determined by an empirical formula depending on the magnesium and sulphur contents of the GGG melt to produce cast iron containing vermicular graphite (GGV). The GGV is produced by the present process with precision and in a reproducible manner.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for injecting magnesium into molten iron. The magnesium is melted and vaporized in an enclosed container located above and heated by the molten iron. The magnesium vapor is then pumped into the molten iron by its own vapor pressure, through a pipe inserted into the molten iron, from which it bubbles through and reacts with the iron. A load cell from which the magnesium container is hung is used to measure the weight loss of magnesium and thereby control the amount of magnesium added to the iron.

Abstract: For better corrosion resistance, ductile cast iron is alloyed with nickel up through percentages of nickel that maintains the primary ferritic phase. Through this range of nickel additions, commencing at approximately 0.2 percent, and ending at approximately 2.0 percent by weight, better corrosion resistance is obtained, while the ductility is maintained and the strength increases. This ductile cast iron alloy is applicable for use in any industry searching for improved corrosion resistance in ductile cast iron, which is obtainable at a low cost. The ductile cast iron is especially applicable for use in the waterworks industry for underground applications. The remaining composition of this ductile cast iron alloy is the composition of common ductile cast iron, including approximately by weight; 2.5-4.0% carbon, 1.7-4.0% silicon, up to 1.0% manganese, 0.01-0.10% magnesium, up to 0.5% copper, up to 0.1% phosphorus, up to 0.7% chromium, up to 0.01% sulphur, up to 1.

Abstract: A method of keeping inductor spouts, downgates and outlet casting channels and the like free of deposits during the production of a cast iron melt involves treatment with pure magnesium. Such deposits, which occur as reaction products and block the channels causing considerable maintenance expense, are prevented by the use of pure magnesium. The cast iron melt is flushed free of suspended highly basic reaction products, such as MgO, CaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, FeO and MgS, in a predetermined magnesium treatment of the cast iron melt with pure magnesium by a simultaneous evaporation of magnesium not consumed in the magnesium treatment. By preventing the formation of deposits, the life of the vessel used is increased and maintenance costs are decreased.

Abstract: A hollow body, a rotor, with holes in the bottom and the side wall, is immersed down into a liquid and rotated with the help of a shaft suspended over the liquid.The liquid, which enters the rotor through the hole in the bottom, will, on account of the centripetal force, acquire a surface in the shape of a paraboloid of revolution. The centripetal force will throw the liquid out through the holes in the side wall, while new liquid will continuously enter through the bottom of the rotor.The shaft for the rotor can be hollow, and through this gas, solid or liquid materials can be added to the liquid.The invention makes possible the treatment in various ways of different types of liquid, from aqueous suspensions to molten metal.