Abstract: Methods of additive manufacturing, binder compositions for additive manufacturing, and articles produced by and/or associated with methods of additive manufacturing are generally described.

Abstract: There are provided a wear resistant austenitic steel having superior machinability and toughness in weld heat affected zones and a method for producing the austenitic steel. The austenitic steel includes, by weight %, manganese (Mn): 15% to 25%, carbon (C): 0.8% to 1.8%, copper (Cu) satisfying 0.7C-0.56(%)?Cu?5%, and the balance of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, wherein the weld heat affected zones have a Charpy impact value of 100 J or greater at ?40° C. The toughness of the austenitic steel is not decreased in weld heat affected zones because the formation of carbides during welding is suppressed, and the machinability of the austenitic steel is improved so that a cutting process may be easily performed on the austenitic steel. The corrosion resistance of the austenitic steel is improved so that the austenitic steel may be used for an extended period of time in corrosive environments.

Abstract: A high rigid spheroidal graphite cast iron, comprising: 2.0 mass % to less than 2.7 mass % or more than 3.0 mass % to less than 3.6 mass % of C, 1.5 to 3.0 mass % of Si, 1.0% or less of Mn, 1.0 mass % or less of Cu, 0.02 to 0.07 mass % of Mg and the residual Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein a carbon equivalent (a CE value) calculated by the mathematical expression (1): CE=C(mass %)+Si (mass %)/3 in terms of C and Si contents is 2.8 to 3.2% within a first range from 2.0 mass % to less than 2.7 mass % of C and is 3.6 to 4.2% within a second range from more than 3.0 mass % to less than 3.6 mass % of C, and the Young's modulus is 170 G or more.

Abstract: There are provided a wear resistant austenitic steel having superior machinability and toughness in weld heat affected zones and a method for producing the austenitic steel. The austenitic steel includes, by weight %, manganese (Mn): 15% to 25%, carbon (C): 0.8% to 1.8%, copper (Cu) satisfying 0.7C-0.56(%)?Cu?5%, and the balance of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, wherein the weld heat affected zones have a Charpy impact value of 100 J or greater at ?40° C. The toughness of the austenitic steel is not decreased in weld heat affected zones because the formation of carbides during welding is suppressed, and the machinability of the austenitic steel is improved so that a cutting process may be easily performed on the austenitic steel. The corrosion resistance of the austenitic steel is improved so that the austenitic steel may be used for an extended period of time in corrosive environments.

Abstract: An Fe-based amorphous alloy of the present invention has a composition formula represented by Fe100-a-b-c-x-y-z-tNiaSnbCrcPxCyBzSit, and in the formula, 0 at %?a?10 at %, 0 at %?b?3 at %, 0 at %?c?6 at %, 6.8 at %?x?10.8 at %, 2.2 at %?y?9.8 at %, 0 at %?z?4.2 at %, and 0 at %?t?3.9 at % hold. Accordingly, an Fe-based amorphous alloy used for a powder core and/or a coil encapsulated powder core having a low glass transition temperature (Tg), a high conversion vitrification temperature (Tg/Tm), and excellent magnetization and corrosion resistance can be manufactured.

Abstract: A spheroidal graphite cast iron alloy comprises, in % by weight, in addition to addition elements, the following elements: Ni between 3.5% and 7%, Cu between 0.5% and 3%, Mo between 0.15% and 1%, the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities. The spheroidal graphite cast iron alloy may be used in manufacturing a part such as cogwheels and gear rims. The method of manufacturing the part may comprise casting a rough casting blank, notably into a mold, and letting the rough casting blank cool in the mold, thus obtaining the part.

Abstract: A wear-resistant material which comprises certain concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, niobium/tantalum as well as other metallic elements. The material comprises a metal matrix and hard phases embedded therein. The hard phases comprise one or more of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, and oxide carbonitrides and have a diameter of from about 0.2 ?m to about 50 ?m. This abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A used component, such as an engine block or engine head, has at least one dimension that does not match a dimensional specification for the component. A thermal spray coating of FeAlSiC is applied to build up the dimension. The excess coating is milled off so that the body and coating have a second shape that matches the dimensional specification for the component. The coating has an ordered DO3 crystal structure with a stable aluminum oxide scale that produces oxidation resistance at about 700° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel material composition, in particular for producing piston rings and cylinder sleeves, containing the following elements in the given fractions in relation to 100% by weight of the steel material: 0.5-1.2% by weight C, 6.0-20.0% by weight Cr, 45.0-88.5% by weight Fe, 3.0-15.0% by weight Mn and 2.0-10.0% by weight Si. Said composition can be produced by melting the starting materials and casting the melt in a pre-fabricated mold.

Abstract: A work piece for use in abrasive environments with hardbanding is provided. The work piece has at least a protective layer deposited onto at least a portion to be protected. The deposited layer exhibits a hardness of at least 50 Rc, a wear rate of less than 0.5 grams of mass loss as measured according to ASTM G65-04, Procedure A, a wear rate on a contacting secondary body comprising carbon steel of less than 0.005 grams as measured according to modified ASTM G77 wear test. The deposited alloy forms an iron matrix comprising embedded hard particles in an amount of less than 15 vol. %. The embedded hard particles have an average particle size of ranging from 100 nm to 5 ?m. In one embodiment, the deposition is via welding.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of the additives for molding sands used in the manufacture of casting molds and cores. More specifically, the present invention relates to an additive to prevent veining in the manufacture of metal parts, to a molding sand comprising said additive, to a core or mold prepared from said molding sand and to a metal part prepared by means of using one of said cores or molds.

Abstract: There is provided a method for obtaining a pure melt in which the impurities Mn, Al, Ti, Pb, Zn, and B are removed from molten cast iron and depletion of useful C and Si is suppressed, the method wherein an excess oxygen flame having a theoretical combustion ratio of fuel and oxygen (amount of oxygen (volume)×5/amount of fuel (volume)) of 1 to 1.5 is directly exposed to the surface of pre-melted molten cast iron, the temperature of the molten cast iron is held at 1250° C. or more and less than 1500° C. while the melt surface is superheated and an acidic slag is brought into contact with the melt, and an oxygen-containing gas is injected into the interior of the molten cast iron.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hardfacing alloy deriving its usefulness from carbides and borides of molybdenum and niobium. The alloy does not rely on chromium as an alloying agent. The hardfacing alloy is capable of being applied to a number of industrial substrates in a crack-free manner, and once applied convert the substrate to a wear- and abrasion-resistant material having an extended service life, even when subjected to harsh wear conditions.

Abstract: An austenitic cast iron according to the present invention is characterized in that: it comprises: basic elements comprising C, Si, Cr, Ni, Mn and Cu; and the balance comprising Fe, inevitable impurities and/or a trace-amount modifier element, which is effective in improving characteristic, in a trace amount; and it is an austenitic cast iron being a cast iron that is structured by a base comprising an Fe alloy in which an austenite phase makes a major phase in ordinary-temperature region; wherein said basic elements fall within compositional ranges that satisfy the following conditions when the entirety of said cast iron is taken as 100% by mass (hereinafter being simply expressed as “%”): C: from 2.0 to 3.0%; Si: from 4.0 to 5.4%; Cr: from 0.8 to 2.0%; Mn: from 3.9 to 5.6%; Ni: from 17 to 22%; and Cu: from 0.9 to 1.6%.

Abstract: A master alloy used to produce the steel part and a process for producing a sinter hardened steel part from the master alloy are described. The powdered master alloy having a composition of iron, about 1 to less than 5 weight % C, about 3 to less than 15 weight % Mn, and about 3 to less than 15 weight % Cr, wherein the master alloy comprises a microstructure composed of a solid solution of the alloying elements and carbon, the microstructure comprising at least 10 volume % austenite and the remainder as iron compounds. The process comprises: preparing the master alloy, mixing the master alloy with a steel powder to produce a mixture wherein the weight % of the master alloy is from 5 to 35 weight % of the mixture, compacting the mixture into a shape of a part and sintering the mixture to produce the steel part, and controlling the cooling rate after sintering to produce sinter hardening. The master alloy powder can also be used as a sinter hardening enhancer when mixed with low-alloy steel powders.

Abstract: A compressor slider has a carbon content of 2.0 wt % to 2.7 wt %, a silicon content of 1.0 wt % to 3.0 wt %, a balance of iron that includes unavoidable impurities, graphite that is smaller than the flake graphite of flake graphite cast iron, and a hardness that is greater than HRB 90 but less than HRB 100 in at least a portion of the slider.

Abstract: Provided are high manganese containing ferrous based components and their use in oil, gas and/or petrochemical applications. In one form, the components include 5 to 40 wt % manganese, 0.01 to 3.0 wt % carbon and the balance iron. The components may optionally include one or more alloying elements chosen from chromium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, copper, titanium, vanadium, nitrogen, boron and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method of producing a hard metallic material by forming a mixture containing at least 55% iron and at least one of boron, carbon, silicon and phosphorus. The mixture is formed into an alloy and cooled to form a metallic material having a hardness of greater than about 9.2 GPa. The invention includes a method of forming a wire by combining a metal strip and a powder. The metal strip and the powder are rolled to form a wire containing at least 55% iron and from two to seven additional elements including at least one of C, Si and B. The invention also includes a method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate by processing a solid mass to form a powder, applying the powder to a surface to form a layer containing metallic glass, and converting the glass to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

Abstract: A process for the production of a semi-solidified iron alloy slurry having a crystallized solid phase and a residual liquid phase, wherein a material having a hypoeutectic cast iron composition is used, and an additive agent having a boiling point that is lower than at least a crystallization initiation temperature of primary crystals of the material is added to a melt of the material when the melt temperature is within a specific temperature range of not lower than the crystallization initiation temperature of the primary crystals and not greater than a temperature that is 50° C. higher than the crystallization initiation temperature, to thereby simultaneously conduct the stirring of the melt by the boiling of the additive agent and the cooling of the melt to a temperature falling within a semi-solidification temperature range thereof.

Abstract: An alloy composition comprising iron present in the range of 49 atomic percent (at %) to 65 at %, nickel present in the range of 10.0 at % to 16.5 at %, cobalt optionally present in the range of 0.1 at % to 12 at %, boron present in the range of 12.5 at % to 16.5 at %, silicon optionally present in the range of 0.1 at % to 8.0 at %, carbon optionally present in the range of 2 at % to 5 at %, chromium optionally present in the range of 2.5 at % to 13.35 at %, and niobium optionally present in the range of 1.5 at % to 2.5 at %, wherein the alloy composition exhibits spinodal glass matrix microconstituents when cooled at a rate in the range of 103K/s to 104K/s and develops a number of shear bands per linear meter in the range of greater than 1.1×102 m?1 to 107 m?1 upon application of a tensile force applied at a rate of 0.001 s?1.

Abstract: A ductile iron having superior high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance at temperatures exceeding 800° C. compared with conventional high Si and Mo ductile iron. The ductile iron comprises, in terms of mass ratio, carbon: 2.0 to 4.0%, silicon: 3.5 to 5.0%, manganese: not more than 1.0%, chromium: 0.1 to 1.0%, molybdenum: 0.2 to 2.0%, vanadium: 0.1 to 1.0%, and magnesium: 0.02 to 0.1%, with the remainder being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: The invention provides an austenitic ductile cast iron alloy composition including about 2.2% to about 2.4% by weight carbon; about 3.5% to about 4.0% by weight silicon; about 28% to about 29% by weight nickel; about 2.5% to about 3.0% by weight chromium; about 0.9% to about 1.1% by weight molybdenum; and greater than about 50% iron, wherein percentages are based on the overall weight of the composition. The invention further provides articles, such as turbocharger housings, prepared using the inventive alloys.

Abstract: A nodular graphite, heat-resistant cast iron composition for use in engine systems. The composition contains carbon 1.5-2.4 weight %, silicon 5.4-7.0 weight %, manganese 0.5-1.5 weight %, nickel 22.0-28.0 weight %, chromium 1.5-3.0 weight %, molybdenum 0.1-1.0 weight %, magnesium 0.03-0.1 weight %, and a balance weight % being substantially iron. The composition has an austenitic matrix. Additionally, the composition exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature and excellent mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures. Thus, the composition can be a lower cost substitute material for Ni-Resist D5S under thermocycling conditions experienced by exhaust gas accessories and housings such as engine exhaust manifolds, turbocharger housings, and catalytic converter housings.

Abstract: A steel product having a composition which contains by mass C: 0.01 to 1.9%, Si: 0.01 to 1.9%, Mn: 5.0 to 24.0% with balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities and a steel product described above which further contains Cr: 18.0% or below and/or Ni: 12.0% or below in addition to the above essential elements. The above steel products may each further contain Al: 1% or below and/or N: 0.3% or below and the above steel products may each further contain one or more elements selected from among Nb, Ti, Zr, Mo and Cu in a total amount of 4.0% or below. The steel products can sufficiently follow the thermal expansion of a cylinder made of an aluminum alloy and thus enables the production of a piston ring which is suitable for use as a piston ring to slide on the inner face of a cylinder bore made of an aluminum alloy in an internal combustion engine and which can retain excellent sealing properties.

Abstract: A graphite-containing, heat-resistant cast iron for exhaust equipment members used at temperatures exceeding 800° C., comprising 3.5-5.6% of Si and 1.2-15% of W on a weight basis, and having intermediate layers, in which W and Si are concentrated, in the boundaries of graphite particles and a matrix. An exhaust equipment member formed by this heat-resistant cast iron has an AC1 transformation point is 840° C. or higher when measured from 30° C. at a temperature-elevating speed of 3° C./minute, and a thermal cracking life of 780 cycles or more in a thermal fatigue test, in which heating and cooling are conducted under the conditions of an upper-limit temperature of 840° C., a temperature amplitude of 690° C. and a constraint ratio of 0.25.

Abstract: Cast iron alloys have application limits with regard to temperature. By means of the use of cobalt an optimal ferritic structure can be achieved such that with an alloy containing silicon 2.0-4.5 wt. %, cobalt 0.5-5 wt. %, carbon 2.5-4 wt. %, molybdenum?1 wt. %, manganese?0.25 wt. %, nickel?0.3 wt. %, the remainder iron where the proportion of silicon cobalt and molybdenum is less than 7.5 wt. % the application limits are shifted to higher temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides tough cast iron and cast iron semi-finished products excellent in workability without heat treatment requiring massive heat energy and long time and a method of production enabling these to be efficiently produced, that is, cast iron of ingredients of white cast iron where particles of spheroidal graphite or flattened graphite are dispersed, cast iron where the ingredients of the white cast iron satisfy, by wt %, (% C)?4.3?(% Si)÷3 and C?1.7% and where the particles of spheroidal graphite are dispersed at a density of 50 particles/mm2 or more, or cast iron where the particles of flattened graphite have a width of 0.4 mm or less and a length of 50 mm or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Fe—B—Si system amorphous alloy thin strip excellent in high magnetic flux density, thermal stability, amorphous formability improved workability and low core loss. The present invention further provides a Fe—B—Si system amorphous alloy thin strip which has the reduced cost without using high purity iron resources such as an electrolytic iron as iron resources used in an amorphous alloy thin strip, and also has core loss less than 0.10 W/kg at W13/50 in soft magnetic property in alternating-current field. The Fe—B—Si system amorphous alloy thin strip according to the present invention contains an appropriate amounts of N, C, P to improve thermal stability, amorphous formability, workability (brittleness), and core loss without deteriolating magnetic flux density, and contains, in atomic %, B: 5-25%, Si: 1-30%, N: 0.001-0.2%, C: 0.003-10%, P: 0.001-0.

Abstract: The invention relates to an austenitic iron-nickel-chromium-copper alloy, the composition of which comprises in % by weight: 24%?Ni?36% Cr?0.02% Cu?0.1% Cu+Co?15% 0.01?Mn?6% 0.02?Si?2% 0?Al+Ti?3% 0?C?2% 0?V+W?6% 0?Nb+Zr?0.5% 0?Mo?8 Sn?1 0?B?0.006% 0?S+Se+Sb?0.008% 0?Ca+Mg?0.020% the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the smelting, the percentage nickel, chromium, copper and cobalt contents being such that the alloy furthermore satisfies the following conditions: Co<Cu Co<4% if Cr>7.5% Eq1>28% with Eq1=Ni+1.2Cr+(Cu/5) Cr<7.5% if Ni>32.5%, and the manganese content furthermore meeting the following conditions: if ? ? Eq ? ? 3 ? 205 , Mn ? Ni - 27.5 + Cu - Cr if ? ? 180.5 ? Eq ? ? 3 ? 205 , Mn ? 4 ? % if ? ? Eq ? ? 3 ? 180.5 , Mn ? 2 ? % with ? ? Eq ? ? 3 = 6 ? ? Ni - 2.

Abstract: A compressor slider has a carbon content of 2.0 wt % to 2.7 wt %, a silicon content of 1.0 wt % to 3.0 wt %, a balance of iron that includes unavoidable impurities, graphite that is smaller than the flake graphite of flake graphite cast iron, and a hardness that is greater than HRB 90 but less than HRB 100 in at least a portion of the slider.

Abstract: A diffusion alloyed iron powder is provided wherein tungsten W is bonded to the surfaces of the particles of an iron or iron-based powder, and wherein the diffusion alloyed iron powder comprises by weight-%: 30-60 W, with the balance being essentially only iron and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: Iron, in the form of particles or iron wool, is used for the remediation of contaminated water. For ensuring that the process generally follows preferred chemical pathways resulting in non-toxic end products, and for providing greater rates of contaminant reduction, the iron is enriched with graphite carbon, at least 4% by weight, and sulfur, at least 0.5% by weight.

Abstract: A nodular, compacted graphite or other hybrid or duplex graphite morphology cast high silicon iron is disclosed which contains up to 1.5% tungsten, up to 0.8% vanadium, and up to 1.2% niobium; and at least 60.0% iron, all percentages are based on the total weight of the composition. This cast iron exhibits high strength and good ductility over a wide temperature range compared to the conventional SiMo ductile iron. The compositions may further contain, up to 1.5% molybdenum and up to 1.0% chromium to offer improvements in material strength. The compositions may include 0.2 to 0.5% by weight aluminum and up to 1.2% chromium for further oxidation resistance and 0.5 to 5.0% nickel for corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A submerged pot roll and other articles for use in galvanizing baths including a metallurgically bonded superalloy cladding layer on a steel core layer. The cladding layer improves the corrosion resistance and dross buildup of the article and improves service life while reducing costs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high alloy iron that has an austenitic structure and a spherical graphite configuration and comprises the following components in percent by weight: carbon<2.0%, silicon 2.0-6.0%, nickel 29-36%, chrome 1.0-2.5%, niobium 0.1-1.0% and molybdenum 0.1-2.5%. The invention also relates to the use of the cast iron material for structural components that are subject to high thermal stress, especially for exhaust manifolds and turbocharger housings of internal combustion engines of the individual or integrated type of construction. The invention finally relates to a structural component that is subject to high thermal stress, especially the exhaust system of an engine consisting of the aforementioned cast iron material.

Abstract: An iron-based high-silicon alloy contains (in weight percent) 2.6-3.5% carbon, 3.7-4.9% silicon, 0.45-1.0% niobium, up to 0.6% manganese, up to 0.02% sulfur, up to 0.02% phosphorus, up to 0.5% nickel, up to 1.0% chromium, up to 0.1% magnesium, and the balance iron and up to 0.2% of other elements. The alloy is heat resistant and is suitable for use in producing, among other things, turbochargers, center housings, back plates, exhaust manifolds, and integrated turbo manifolds that are used in the automotive and truck manufacturing industries.

Abstract: Cast irons are provided which have no intentional addition of molybdenum (Mo) and which have compositions with additional silicon that provide certain advantages, such as lower cost, higher use temperatures, and increased tensile strength, over conventional Mo-bearing cast irons. In the cast irons, Mo is absent or present only as an impurity element.

Abstract: In an iron powder for decomposition of organic chlorinated compounds, an iron powder having high decomposition performance in the treatment of a solid such as in a soil, and having low Ni content was required. An iron powder for decomposition of organic chlorinated compounds, comprising from 0.03 to 0.5% by weight of Ni and from 0.005 to 5% by weight of carbon, wherein particles having a particle size of less than 53 ?m occupies less than 40% by weight, is used. It is particularly preferable that Ni, carbon and iron are partially alloyed. When the iron powder for decomposition is used by mixing with, for example, an Ni-free iron powder, the total Ni content can be reduced without deterioration of decomposition performance to organic chlorinated compounds.

Abstract: A nodular cast iron alloy for cast iron products having a high modulus of elasticity comprising the chemical constituents C, Si, Cu, Ni and/or Mo, Mn, Mg and S, wherein the alloy is composed in per cent by weight of: C<2.96%, Si 3.8 to 4.3%, Cu 0.5 to 1.0%, Ni and/or Mo 0 to 4%, the molybdenum content being at most 1.0%, Mn 0.1 to 0.8%, Mg 0.03 to 0.07% and S at most 0.015%, the mixture proportions of C and Si being very close to the eutectic.

Abstract: A modified nodular cast iron alloy contains positive additions of boron and silicon in a content of greater than 2.4% by wt.

Abstract: The invention concerns a steel article, which consists of an alloy having a chemical composition, which contains in weight-%: 1.2 to 2.5 C; 0.8 to 2.0 Si, which partly can be replaced by aluminium, which may exist in an amount of max 1.0%; 0.1 to 1.5 Mn; 0.5 to 1.5 Cr; 1.2 to 5.0 (V+Nb/2), however max 1.0 Nb; balance iron and impurities in normal amounts, and having a microstructure which contains 4 to 12 volume-% of MC-carbides. The steel article can be used for manufacturing of cold-work tools, particularly pilger rolls for cold rolling of tubes. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the article.

Abstract: A magnetic circuit member contains a matrix portion including iron and silicon; and graphite particles in the matrix. Each of the graphite particles has either a spherical shape or a compact vermicular shape. The inclusion of graphite particles having a relatively low conductivity in the matrix portion having a good magnetic property prevents eddy currents from forming in the magnetic circuit member in an alternating magnetic field, thus preserving the original magnetic property found in the absence of the alternating magnetic field. Each of the graphite particles has a spherical or compact vermicular shape that does not intercept magnetic flux passing through the material forming the magnetic circuit member. The graphite contained in the material improves liquidity of the melted material in casting, thus the magnetic circuit member can be manufactured by casting.

Abstract: A thixocast Fe-based alloy material is provided, from which a cast product having mechanical properties uniform over the whole thereof can be produced.

Abstract: Machine part is constituted with steel with the carbon content of 0.2% or more and reduced with the hydrogen content after hardening by a heat treatment to 0.04 ppm or less. Further, hardness after hardening by the heat treatment is made to Hv 450 or more. Since such a machine part is excellent in the super long life fatigue characteristics, it can be used suitably as a bearing ring or a rolling element of a rolling bearing.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of producing a hard metallic material by forming a mixture containing at least 55% iron and at least one of B, C, Si and P. The mixture is formed into an alloy and cooled to form a metallic material having a hardness greater than about 9.2 GPa. The invention includes a method of forming a wire by combining a metal strip and a powder. The strip and powder are rolled to form a wire containing at least 55% iron and from 2-7 additional elements including at least one of C, Si and B. The invention also includes a method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate by processing a solid mass to form a powder, applying the powder to a surface to form a layer containing metallic glass, and converting the glass to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

Abstract: An iron based alloy material for a thixocasting process and a method for casting the material which extends the service life of dies by inhibiting solidification contraction, and in which casting defects such as size variations and cracks can be inhibited. The material comprises 1.6 wt %≦C≦2.5 wt % and 3.0 wt %<Si≦5.5 wt %, and a carbon equivalent (the value of CE) defined as “C(wt %)+1/3Si(wt %)” of 2.9 to 3.5. This material is made to be in a half-melted state with 35 to 50 wt % of a solid phase to be cast under a pressure load.

Abstract: An alloy having two constituents: a crystal structure of orderly solid iron-based solution; a non-metallic phase at least partially soluble in iron including particles which are uniformly dispersed in the volume of the first phase and are of suitable size. In a preferred embodiment, the alloy contains iron with dissolved and bonded carbon as the first phase, which forms the crystal structure, and material partially soluble in iron, for example structurally free molecular carbon, is taken as the second non-metallic phase. The alloy preferably contains the components at the following ratios, % by mass: carbon in a dissolved and in a bonded state: 0.01-1.00; free carbon: 0.01-2.24; iron: balance. The ratio of free carbon to that of carbon in a dissolved and in a bonded state ranges from 0.01 to 20. The alloy Is preferably produced by melting out low carbon semi-product, overheating the semi-product above a liquidus temperature, for example by 20-70° C.

Abstract: Battery powered equipment is provide with a controller which monitors the voltage supplied by the battery. Should the battery voltage drop below a preset level when the equipment is inactive, the controller disconnects non-essential loads of the equipment from the battery to conserve what charge remains in the battery. When used with a motor vehicle the controller may be tied into the security system and disable the ignition during inactive periods unless the proper reactivation signal is received.

Abstract: A cold-rolled steel strip or hot-dip coated cold-rolled steel strip for use as a fire-proof building member has composition consisting of 0.01-0.25 wt. % C, up to 1.5 wt. % Si, 0.05-2.5 wt. % Mn, up to 0.1 wt. % P, no more than 0.02 wt. % S, 0.005-0.1 wt. % Al, 0.05-1.0 wt. % Mo, optionally 0.005-0.2 wt. % one or more selected from Ti, Nb, V and W, optionally one or more of 0.05-0.6 wt. % Cu, 0.05-0.6 wt. % Ni, 0.05-3.0 wt. % Cr and 0.0003-0.003 wt. % B and the balance being essentially Fe except inevitable impurities. The cold-rolled steel strip is manufactured by hot-rolling, acid-pickling, cold-rolling and then annealing at a temperature above its recrystallization temperature but below 950° C. The hot-dip coated cold-rolled steel strip is manufactured in the same way but in-line heating a cold-rolled steel strip at a temperature above its recrystallization temperature but below 950° C. and then immersing it into a coating bath.

Abstract: A roller of a rotary type compressor is made of an iron base alloy essentially consisting of 2.0 to 3.9% carbon, 2.0 to 3.0% Si, 0.3 to 1.0% Mn, up to 0.10% S, more than zero and not more than 0.50% V, 0.3 to 1.0% P, 0.01 to 0.5% Sb, and balance of Fe and incidental impurities. Preferably, the iron base alloy further includes 0.001 to 0.5% B. This roller is suitable when hydrofluorocarbon is used as a refrigerant.