Abstract: A method for heating a catalytic converter in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, in which an exhaust gas burner for heating the catalytic converter is arranged, upstream of the catalytic converter. A lambda probe for controlling the combustion air ratio of the exhaust gas burner is arranged immediately downstream of the exhaust gas burner and upstream of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe for the exhaust tract of a combustion machine, which has an inlet opening for an air connection, is characterized by an inner pipe section which is surrounded by an outer pipe section in order to form an annular channel that is closed at one end and at the other end is open toward the inner volume of the exhaust pipe, wherein the inlet opening for the air connection opens into the outer pipe section. By means of such an exhaust pipe, advantageous mixing of air supplied via the air connection into the exhaust gas flowing within the exhaust pipe can be achieved with a simple design, which can be attributed in particular to the complete introduction of the air in combination with the flow direction that is present along the longitudinal axis of the annular channel and the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for growing hydrate crystals includes a high-pressure-resistant crystallization vessel, a temperature control system, a pressure control system, a data collection system, and a mobile shelf. The apparatus can realize a variety of experimental methods such as the bubble method, the droplet method and the solution growth method by changing the experimental fitting in the high-pressure-resistant crystallization vessel, and thereby-improve the versatility of the device.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for accurately determining temperatures in harsh environments such as, for example, in a steam autoclave chamber during a sterilization cycle. In certain embodiments, temperature data accuracy is increased by utilizing an IC-based temperature logging device that monitors and compensates for inherent thermal delays that would otherwise cause a discrepancy between temperature as measured by a temperature sensor and the actual ambient gas temperature. By properly correcting for the thermal delay, the data accuracy of the measured gas temperature is thus greatly enhanced.

Abstract: This patent application describes an integrated apparatus for processing polynucleotide-containing samples, and for providing a diagnostic result thereon. The apparatus is configured to receive a microfluidic cartridge that contains reagents and a network for processing a sample. Also described are methods of using the apparatus.

Abstract: A catalytic flameless combustion apparatus has a fuel inlet, a combustion-supporting gas inlet, a gas premixer, a combustion plate, an igniter, a gas deflector, a flameless combustion cavity, a catalyst filled in the flameless combustion cavity, a gas collection chamber and an exhaust port. The method for starting the catalytic flameless combustion apparatus includes initially combusting and heating the flameless combustion cavity and the catalyst filled therein with low power flame; and then increasing flow velocity and switching to high power flame for conducting catalytic flameless combustion. The catalytic flameless combustion apparatus can be used for various non-solid fuel combustion and heat extraction processes.

Abstract: A steam quality process monitor system and method includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a processor and memory configured: to determine a steam quality value of an input steam supply based on a reading of the temperature sensor and a reading the pressure sensor; continuously update the steam quality value; and a machine that accepts the input steam supply and is at least partially controlled by the steam quality value. A steam quality process monitor system and method includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a processor and memory configured: to determine a steam quality value of an input steam supply based on a reading of the temperature sensor and a reading the pressure sensor; continuously update the steam quality value; and a machine that accepts the input steam supply and is at least partially controlled by the steam quality value.

Abstract: This patent application describes an integrated apparatus for processing polynucleotide-containing samples, and for providing a diagnostic result thereon. The apparatus is configured to receive a microfluidic cartridge that contains reagents and a network for processing a sample. Also described are methods of using the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a gasoline engine that is spark-ignited by means of spark plugs. A four-way catalytic converter and at least one three-way catalytic converter are situated in an exhaust gas system that is connected to an outlet of the internal combustion engine. An exhaust gas burner with which hot exhaust gas is introducible into the exhaust gas system directly downstream from the four-way catalytic converter is provided at an exhaust duct of the exhaust gas system. The exhaust gas burner is supplied with fresh air by a secondary air pump. The invention further relates to a method for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine having such an exhaust gas aftertreatment system.

Abstract: A hydrogen producing apparatus includes a reforming unit, a feed unit, and a heating unit. The reforming unit includes a casing defining a receiving space and having gas intake and outlet ports, a plurality of reformers disposed in the receiving space, at least one gas pipe winding around one of the reformers, and a connecting pipe in fluidic communication with the gas pipe. The feed unit is in fluidic communication with the reformers and the connecting pipe such that air delivered from the gas intake port through the gas pipe and the connecting pipe is mixed with a fuel in the feed unit to form a reactant mixture to be fed to the reformers for hydrogen production. The heating unit includes a heater connected to the casing.

Abstract: A manifold includes: a branch pipe including an inflow port and a plurality of outflow ports; and a partition wall that partitions an inside of the branch pipe into a side of the inflow port and a side of the plurality of outflow ports and includes: a plurality of through-holes that have a total opening area greater than an opening area of the inflow port; and a plurality of first facing portions that face the respective outflow ports.

Abstract: A system of interlocks for controlling flow of low temperature process streams in a manufacturing process through a cold box to equipment not specified for such temperatures by opening and closing valves and stopping pumps. At least one interlock affects streams heated in the cold box. At least one interlock affects the streams cooled in the cold box. The interlocks are activated due to temperature determinations of process lines by temperature sensors and automatically send a signal to predetermined controllers depending on the process line with the low temperature in order to prevent exposure of equipment to low temperatures while preventing the shutdown of the cold box.

Abstract: Methods of generating performic acid by contacting aqueous oxidizing agent and aqueous formic acid source in liquid phase are disclosed. A system and apparatus for the in situ production of the performic acid chemistries is further disclosed. In particular, a continuous flow reactor is provided to generate performic acid at variable rates. Methods of employing the oxidizing biocide for various disinfection applications are also disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of a system for handling and processing chemical and/or biological samples, a MicroChamber comprises a substrate, a reservoir formed on the substrate for receiving a chemical and/or biological sample, and an encoder such as a barcode or other suitable device. The encoder encodes information describing at least one characteristic of the substrate and/or reservoir.

Abstract: The present invention disclosures a test system and test method for a simulation experiment of gas hydrate in a porous medium. The test system comprises a reactor, a sensor system, a hardware interface apparatus and a data processing system; the reactor is used for containing tested medium, the sensor system is mounted inside the reactor, and the sensor system is connected to the data processing system through the hardware interface apparatus; the test method comprises a procedure of experiment and measurement data acquisition, and a procedure of analyzing and processing measurement signals; by establishing of electrical model I, acoustic model II and the fused model III, realizing the simulation of the synthesis/decomposition processes of gas hydrate in the deposits in laboratory environment and implementation of the acoustic and electrical parameters combined test, an accurate gas hydrate saturation calculation model can be established at last.

Abstract: Dust that is accumulated in an exhaust passage provided in a chamber, the exhaust passage for discharging gas in the chamber of a semiconductor crystal manufacturing device, is removed by being sucked from the outside of the chamber. Moreover, an opening and closing valve for cleaning that is detachably attached to an opening of the exhaust passage, the opening facing the chamber, is opened and closed intermittently in a suction state. Furthermore, the opening and closing valve for cleaning is driven by a valve driving unit. The dust accumulated in the exhaust passage is removed efficiently, whereby the time required to clean the exhaust passage is shortened and fluctuations of the pressure inside the chamber when a semiconductor crystal is manufactured are suppressed.

Abstract: A refrigerator system or cryopump includes a first refrigerator having at least first and second stages, and a second refrigerator. A thermal coupling between the first stage of the first refrigerator and a cold end of the second refrigerator is restricted to maintain a temperature difference between the cold end of the second refrigerator and the first stage of the first refrigerator. The refrigerator system or cryopump also includes a radiation shield in thermal contact with the cold end of the second refrigerator, and a condensing surface, spaced from and surrounded by the radiation shield, and in thermal contact with a second stage, e.g., coldest stage, of the first refrigerator. The restricted thermal coupling can be configured to balance the cooling load on the two refrigerators.

Abstract: The invention refers to the method for the utilization of low-concentration mixtures of a combustible gas and air with the stable recovery of heat and the flow-reversal device for the embodiment of the method.

Abstract: An operation control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes: an exhaust emission purifier; a fuel supplying valve for supplying fuel to an exhaust passage; ignition means for igniting the fuel supplied; a warm up determining section for determining whether or not the purifier need be warmed; an exhaust heating determining section for determining whether or not the engine is in an operational state in which the fuel should be ignited and burned; an exhaust heating predicting section for predicting the transition from the operational state in which the fuel should not be ignited and burned to an operational state in which the fuel should be ignited and burned; and a heat generation temperature setting section for setting the temperature of a heating portion of the ignition means based on the result by the heating determining section and the predicting section.

Abstract: A thermal system for use in a column manager of a liquid chromatography system comprises a plurality of spatially separated individually controlled thermoelectric chips. A column module houses a plurality of thermally conductive troughs. Each trough resides in a separate thermal zone to be thermally conditioned individually by one of the individually controlled thermoelectric chips. Each trough is adapted to hold one or more liquid chromatography columns therein. A plurality of spatially separated thermal bridges includes a first thermal bridge thermally coupling one of the thermoelectric chips to a first one of the plurality of troughs and a second thermal bridge of the plurality of thermal bridges thermally coupling another of the thermoelectric chips to a second one of the plurality of troughs.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions, and apparatuses for preventing the formation of scale in heap leach process solution distribution systems comprised of piping, spray nozzles, or emitter tubes. Solution distribution system components often become fouled by scale because of local hot spots more prone to form scale than other locations along the systems length. Positioning sensors that detect periods of high temperature stress and adjusting scale control reagent dosage to send the right amount to inhibit hot spot deposition allows for the control of scale without using wasteful excessive amounts of scale control reagents. This can vastly improve scale control performance under high temperature stress conditions while minimizing scale control reagent waste under less severe stress conditions to reduce the total operating cost of running heap leach mining operations which depend upon well-functioning solution distribution systems.

Abstract: A dilution system for a hydraulic fracturing fluid, the dilution system including a dilution manifold; a hydration unit configured to provide a source of liquid; a diluent line connecting the hydration unit to the dilution manifold. A diluent flow control valve on the diluent line. A hydration tank configured to hydrate a mixed additive. A gravity-driven viscous fluid line connecting an exit of the hydration tank to the dilution manifold. A viscous fluid flow meter on the viscous fluid line; and, a viscous fluid control valve on the viscous fluid line. Also included is a method of processing a fracturing fluid.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the sanitization, detoxification, disinfection, high level disinfection, or sterilization of both the interior and exterior surfaces of at least one object, including interior lumens, channels and cavities within the object. A coupler and interface may be secured to an object to disinfect the inner channels or cavities therein. An object support device may be used to support the object. The pair of support devices may include outlets for deploying aerosols for the application of applied agent. The applied agent may be in the form of any gas, vapor, plasma, aerosol, or other form. The temperature of the object may be lowered to condensate applied agent thereupon. The object may also be washed. Complete sanitization, disinfection, or sterilization of objects in a simple chamber, or in more complex configurations that include, glove box units, processors with built in interfaces for specialty applications, and other application specific designs.

Abstract: The present invention is a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus including, within a growth furnace main body, a crucible, and a heater disposed around the crucible, wherein a heat insulating cylinder is disposed around the heater within the growth furnace main body, the heat insulating cylinder includes a step portion dividing the heat insulating cylinder into the upper part and the lower part at the inside surface thereof, the inner diameter of the lower part is larger than the inner diameter of the upper part, a heat insulating plate is disposed below the heater and on the inside of the lower part of the heat insulating cylinder within the growth furnace main body, and the diameter of the heat insulating plate is larger than the inner diameter of the upper part of the heat insulating cylinder and is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower part.

Abstract: A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel.

Abstract: A sterilization device is described having improved temperature sensing and feedback systems such that temperature control of about ±1 deg. C. is achieved. Some embodiments include concurrent temperature and pressure sensing. The result is more reliable sterilization.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system for recovering emissions generated from an olefin polymerization process, comprising: a devolatilizer for receiving a fresh sweep gas and emissions generated from the olefin polymerization process and outputting a first fluid and a polyolefin resin; a compression refrigeration unit including a compression device and a first heat exchange device, for receiving said first fluid and outputting a first gas-liquid mixture; a first gas-liquid separation device for separating the first gas-liquid mixture and outputting a first recovery product and a first gas phase composition; a first gas separation device for receiving the first gas phase composition, removing small molecular substances therefrom, and outputting a composition rich in small molecular gases and a second gas phase composition rich in hydrocarbons; and a second gas separation device having a second heat exchange device, a second gas-liquid separation device, and a first gas expansion device.

Abstract: The apparatus includes: a hydrogen generation container provided with a magnesium-based hydride accommodation part accommodating magnesium-based hydride; a reaction water tank storing water or an aqueous solution; the pipes connected to the reaction water tank and the hydrogen generation container; a pump operating such as to suction water or the aqueous solution from the reaction water tank and then exhaust it through the pipes to the hydrogen generation container; a pressure gauge measuring the pressure in the inside of the hydrogen generation container; and a control unit, on the basis of the pressure value of the pressure gauge, controlling the amount of water caused to flow through the pipes by the pump.

Abstract: A system and a method for operating a catalyst of a vehicle may include a catalyst configured to purify an exhaust gas of a vehicle engine, and a controller configured to perform a detection of internal temperature of the catalyst, wherein the controller detects the internal temperature of the catalyst by applying a change of precious metal loading of the catalyst to an internal temperature model of the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for decomposing an ultra-low concentration of volatile organic compounds, which may effectively remove ultra-low concentration of volatile organic compounds by a batch process for separating ultra-low concentration of volatile organic compounds present in an indoor air or the like and oxidizing the corresponding volatile organic compounds at a low temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique by which heat can be efficiently recovered from a coolant used to cool a reactor, and contamination with dopant impurities from an inner wall of a reactor when polycrystalline silicon is deposited within the reactor can be reduced to produce high-purity polycrystalline silicon. With the use of hot water 15 having a temperature higher than a standard boiling point as a coolant fed to the reactor 10, the temperature of the reactor inner wall is kept at a temperature of not more than 370° C. Additionally, the pressure of the hot water 15 to be recovered is reduced by a pressure control section provided in a coolant tank 20 to generate steam. Thereby, a part of the hot water is taken out as steam to the outside, and reused as a heating source for another application.

Abstract: A pre-heat system for the catalyst of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device includes an air blower, an interconnecting pipe, a heater unit, and a heat supply pipe. The air blower and the heater unit are in fluid communication with each other through the interconnecting pipe while the heater unit is in fluid communication with an exhaust system through the heat supply pipe. A hot-air flow generated from the air blower and the heater unit flows into the exhaust system so that the hot-air flow is able to pre-heat the catalyst of the SCR device at or close to an activation temperature. Then the SCR device can efficiently and quickly reduce Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) particles of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A device for preparing bio-oil, a system for preparing bio-oil and a method for preparing bio-oil using the same are provided. Biomass is supplied to an inclined portion of a reactor, and high-temperature hot sand is supplied to an upper side of the biomass supplied to the inclined portion. Then, a heater heats the inclined portion. Thus, the fast pyrolysis performance of the biomass can be enhanced, thereby increasing the yield of bio-oil. Also, combustion gas produced from the heater is supplied to the interior of the reactor, so that the interior of the reactor can be simply formed under a nonoxidizing atmosphere. Accordingly, the device for preparing bio-oil can be manufactured into a very simple structure.

Abstract: A method and device for preparing platinum catalyst are disclosed. The method comprises providing a carbon-based material; immersing the carbon-based material with a platinum precursor solution in a first container; controlling pressure and temperature within the first container to a predetermined temperature and predetermined pressure to form water vapor, and then allowing the water vapor to escape from the first container through a first opening of the first container to a second container; and maintaining the predetermined temperature and predetermined pressure within the first container for a period of time to reduce the catalyst on the carbon-based material.

Abstract: A diesel particulate filter (“DPF”) system that is more convenient than a conventional DPF system, including a DPF having a catalyzed soot filter (“CSF”) that is connected to an exhaust pipe of a diesel engine in order to collect particulate matter (“PM”) in exhaust gas, and a diesel oxidation catalyst (“DOC”) provided on an upstream side of the CSF; and temperature sensors provided respectively on an upstream side and a downstream side of the DOC. When a PM accumulation amount in the CSF exceeds a fixed amount, DPF regeneration is performed by setting a temperature detected by the upstream side temperature sensor at or above a first threshold and setting a temperature detected by the downstream side temperature sensor at or above a second threshold. When a breakdown is detected in the upstream side temperature sensor, the second threshold is modified upward.

Abstract: The present application generally relates to a riser quench system comprising a quench line and one or more quench injecting ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil into the riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker co-processing a renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction as reactants.

Abstract: A chemical heat accumulator includes a receptacle, a first reaction vessel, and a second reaction vessel. The first reaction vessel is hermetically connected to the receptacle and supplied with water from the receptacle. The first reaction vessel contains a chemical compound that causes a hydration reaction with the water from the receptacle to generate water vapor by a heat of reaction, and causes a dehydration reaction by receiving heat. The second reaction vessel is hermetically connected to the first reaction vessel and supplied with the water vapor from the first reaction vessel. The second reaction vessel contains a chemical heat storage material that generates heat by causing a hydration reaction with the water vapor from the first reaction vessel and stores heat through a dehydration reaction caused by receiving heat. The chemical heat storage material is thermally in contact with an object to be heated.

Abstract: A modular chemical production system includes multiple modules for performing a chemical reaction, particularly of radiochemical compounds, from a remote location. One embodiment comprises a reaction vessel including a moveable heat source with the position thereof relative to the reaction vessel being controllable from a remote position. Alternatively the heat source may be fixed in location and the reaction vial is moveable into and out of the heat source. The reaction vessel has one or more sealing plugs, the positioning of which in relationship to the reaction vessel is controllable from a remote position. Also the one or more reaction vessel sealing plugs can include one or more conduits there through for delivery of reactants, gases at atmospheric or an elevated pressure, inert gases, drawing a vacuum and removal of reaction end products to and from the reaction vial, the reaction vial with sealing plug in position being operable at elevated pressures.

Abstract: A system including: an ozone generating device including discharge electrodes forming a discharge space; a gas supplying device; a power source device that supplies power to the discharge electrodes; a temperature adjustment device that adjusts temperature of the discharge electrodes; a control unit that controls the ozone generating device; and a detection unit that detects an ozone generation parameter in the ozone generating device. The control unit increases temperature of the discharge electrodes up to a vaporizing temperature of dinitrogen pentoxide by controlling the temperature adjustment device and the gas supplying device or the temperature adjustment device and the power source device, based on the output ozone generation parameter, to thereby switch operation from a normal operation mode to a cleaning operation mode in which surfaces of the discharge electrodes and the discharge space are cleaned up while continuing generation of ozone in the discharge space.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator includes: a reformer (102) configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using a raw material; a combustor (104) configured to heat the reformer; an air supplying device (106) configured to supply combustion air to the combustor; a first heat exchanger (108) configured to recover heat from a flue gas discharged from the combustor; a first heat medium passage (110) through which a first heat medium flows, the first heat medium receiving the heat recovered from the flue gas in the first heat exchanger; a first pump (112) configured to cause the first heat medium in the first heat medium passage to flow; a heat accumulator (140) configured to store the heat recovered by the first heat medium; and a controller (114) configured to cause the first pump to operate in a cooling step that is a step of cooling down at least the reformer by supplying the air from the air supplying device to the combustor in a state where the combustor is not carrying out combustion during

Abstract: A carrier gas supplied from a carrier gas source is injected from a carrier gas injection nozzle. Also, a fuel including a hydrocarbon-based liquid and supplied from a fuel source is supplied to a tip end of the carrier gas injection nozzle, whereby this fuel is atomized with the carrier gas injected from the carrier gas injection nozzle. Furthermore, an inlet of a reforming part that decomposes the atomized fuel and reforms the atomized fuel into a reducing gas including either or both of hydrogen and an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon is provided so as to face the carrier gas injection nozzle and the fuel supply nozzle, and a reducing gas supply nozzle that supplies the reducing gas discharged from an outlet of the reforming part is provided in an exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A vacuum assist apparatus can comprise a microplate. The microplate can comprise a first surface and an opposing second surface. A plurality of wells can be formed in the first surface of the microplate. Each of the plurality of wells can be sized to receive an assay therein. A support base can comprise a fluid passage. The microplate can be positioned adjacent and in contact with the support base. A pressure device, in fluid communication with the fluid passage, can exert a vacuum within the fluid passage to actively retain the microplate in the contact with the support base.

Abstract: A unique process for producing electricity from ammonia by utilizing its hydrogen content as a fuel source. The system may be referred to herein for descriptive purposes as Ammonia/Hydrogen/Electricity Production, or AHEP. The novelty of the system disclosed herein as compared to other hydrogen based fuel systems is the unique assembly of the components outlined below to create a novel process and ability to produce electricity that can be utilized for both mobile and stationary purposes. Further, the system is capable of producing hydrogen on demand to be converted into electricity, thereby obviating the need for storing large amounts of explosive hydrogen.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device has: a catalyst to purify exhaust gas by reduction of nitrogen oxide included in the exhaust gas discharged from a combustion chamber of the engine, which catalyst has a purification efficiency of the nitrogen oxide varying depending on a temperature of the catalyst; a supply means capable of supplying a reduction agent for the reduction of the nitrogen oxide to the exhaust gas guided to the catalyst; and a control means having a configuration capable of controlling the temperature of the catalyst depending on an operating condition of the engine. The device has a configuration to prohibit controlling the temperature of the catalyst when a condition of being incapable of supplying the reduction agent in an amount corresponding to the temperature of the catalyst is satisfied, even if the temperature of the catalyst needs to be controlled.

Abstract: A catalytic process for converting silicon tetrachloride (STC) into trichlorosilane (TCS) utilizes a metal catalyst such as metal silicide at a low temperature such as 500C, where the STC is reacted with hydrogen gas in the presence of catalyst and under non-thermal equilibrium conditions, to provide for a product gas stream that includes TCS at levels exceeding those obtained at thermal equilibrium, as well as optionally including HCl and unreacted STC.

Abstract: The invention provides a curing system that is useful for curing materials that consume carbon dioxide as a reagent. The system has a curing chamber that contains the material to be cured and a gas that contains carbon dioxide. The system includes apparatus that can deliver carbon dioxide to displace ambient air upon loading the system, that can provide carbon dioxide as it is needed and as it is consumed, that can control carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity in the curing chamber during the curing cycle and that can record and display to a user the variables that occur during the curing process.

Abstract: Devices and systems for active thermal control of sample holding devices for bDNA testing, polymerase chain reaction testing, chemiluminescent immuno-assay testing, and so forth. The thermal control subsystem includes a fluidic circuit, first and second heater assemblies, a centrifugal pump, and a heat exchange device. The first and second heater assemblies include a heat removal device and a controllable thermo-electric device. One or both of the heater assemblies can include a heat spreader. A controller actively controls the pump, the heat removal device, and the thermo-electric devices, to thermally-control sample-containing vessels retained in the holding device.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to the use of gas clathrates. More particularly, this disclosure relates to systems, methods, and apparatuses related to the use of gas clathrates as a fuel source for automobiles. The gas clathrates may first be dissociated into at least one gas and the at least one gas delivered to the prime mover of a vehicle or the gas clathrates may be directly utilized by the prime mover as a fuel source.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a carbon dioxide capturing system includes an absorption tower configured to bring a treatment target gas containing carbon dioxide into contact with an absorption liquid, and to discharge the absorption liquid having absorbed the carbon dioxide. The system further includes a regeneration tower configured to make the absorption liquid discharged from the absorption tower dissipate the carbon dioxide, and to discharge the absorption liquid having dissipated the carbon dioxide. The system further includes a treatment target gas line configured to introduce the treatment target gas into the absorption tower, a first introduction module configured to introduce a first gas having a higher carbon dioxide concentration than the treatment target gas into the treatment target gas line, and a second introduction module configured to introduce a second gas having a lower carbon dioxide concentration than the treatment target gas into the treatment target gas line.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for processing hydrocarbon streams are provided. In an embodiment, a method for processing a hydrocarbon stream includes heating a feed stream in a convective bank. In the method, the feed stream is reacted in a first reaction zone to form a first effluent. The first effluent is heated in a first radiant cell that combusts fuel gas to heat the first effluent and forms a first exhaust gas. The method includes contacting the first exhaust gas with the convective bank to heat the feed stream.