Abstract: A method of sterilizing a separation membrane module reduces damage of a ceramic separation membrane, a sterilization process device achieves the method of sterilizing, and an apparatus produces chemicals. The method of sterilizing the separation membrane module includes a ceramic-containing separation membrane including a temperature raise step of raising the temperature of the separation membrane module to a predetermined sterilization temperature by feeding sterilization water having a controlled temperature and pressure so that a rate of temperature change of the separation membrane module is 6.0° C. or less per minute, and a sterilization step of sterilizing the separation membrane module at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system intended to reduce the amount of NOx in the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle. The system comprises a storage space (1) containing a reducing agent; an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalytic converter (5) for treating the exhaust gases laden with reducing agent, and an injection module (6c) designed to inject the reducing agent from the storage space (1) into the exhaust gases of the motor vehicle upstream of the SCR catalytic converter (5). The system further comprises: at least one heat exchanger (2) connected to the storage space (1) and containing a porous matrix intended to absorb the reducing agent originating from the storage space (1); a valve or an injector (11) downstream of the storage space (1) and upstream of the exchanger (2) and designed to control the addition of reducing agent to the exchanger (2), and a valve (12) positioned between the storage space (1) and the exchanger (2).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product uses a fluidized bed device with a distribution plate for securing an even distribution and supply of at least combustion air to the bed material and to the paper residue. An air box below the distribution plate supplies combustion air to the bed material and paper residue above the distribution plate. A heat exchanging section receives in separate parts ambient air and flue gases from the fluidized bed device for exchanging heat between flue gases and ambient air. The heat exchanging section is connected to the air box for supplying the heated ambient air to the air box for use as combustion air. A control system is employed for controlling the amount of bed material and the dimension of its particles and is arranged to monitor and maintain a process parameter within a predefined range.

Abstract: A sample block for use in the polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and other procedures that involve the performance of simultaneous reactions in multiple samples with temperature control by heating or cooling elements contacting the bottom surface of the block is improved by the inclusion of hollows in the block that are positioned to decrease the mass of the block in the immediate vicinity of the wells.

Abstract: In order to provide, when a plurality of fluids each containing a different kind of substance are mixed and reacted, a reactor having a mixing channel capable of forming a multi-layered flow in a radial direction in the cylindrically-shaped mixing channel; improving mixing performance by synergizing swirling effects of mixture of turbulent flows and a swirling flow; and producing a reaction product with a high yield as well as high efficiency, a mixing channel 1 which mixes fluids 4 and 5 each containing the different kind of substance is cylindrically shaped, and inlet passages 2 and 3 which introduce the fluids 4 and 5, respectively, are plurally arranged in a manner offset from a central axis of the mixing channel 1.

Abstract: A catalytic converter is obtained that can suppress deterioration in insulating ability between electrode members that is caused by moisture within exhaust. Insulating layers are provided at peripheries of electrode rods that are for energizing a catalyst carrier, and the electrode rods are insulated from a case tube. The catalyst carrier is structured of a material whose temperature rises due to application of voltage. Temperatures of the insulating layers are raised by applying voltage from a power supply to the catalyst carrier.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to facilities, systems, methods and/or catalysts for use in chemical production. In particular, the disclosure provides innovations relating to dehydration of multihydric compounds such as glycerol to form acrolein. Some of these innovations include continuous reaction systems as well as system parameters that allow for long term production.

Abstract: Methods and systems for acoustically treating material using a continuous process in which material may be caused to flow in a continuous or intermittent fashion into/out of an acoustic treatment chamber where the material is exposed to focused acoustic energy. The methods and systems may be arranged to permit continuous processing for extended periods while an acoustic energy source operates at a relatively high power output. Treatment chambers may include features such as an acoustic window, a heat exchanger, inlet/outlet flow arrangements, an inspection window, insert elements that define a treatment volume size or shape, etc. Treatment system configurations relating to arrangements of a treatment chamber relative to an acoustic source and coupling medium, material flow paths, and others are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust purifying apparatus in an internal combustion engine provided with an exhaust treatment device in an exhaust passage. The exhaust purifying apparatus comprises an oxidation device provided upstream of the exhaust treatment device, a fuel adding valve for adding fuel upstream of the oxidation device, and a glow plug provided upstream of the oxidation device for heating the fuel added from the fuel adding valve. The oxidation device is formed to be provided with gas passages the number of which is equal to or more than 30 and is equal to or less than 200 per 0.00064516 m2 in an exhaust flow passage direction cross-section.

Abstract: A system for gas sterilization includes a sterilization chamber, a source of sterilant gas, and a sterilant gas remediation mechanism. Embodiments relate to systems and methods for delivering humidified air to a sterilization chamber, systems and methods for removing gaseous NO2 from an exhaust gas stream of a sterilization chamber, systems and methods for removing and replacing a source of sterilant gas, an exhaust gas scrubber and/or supplies for a humidification system. Some embodiments relate to hardware and software for user interface in a sterilizing device and hardware and software for control of a sterilization cycle. Some embodiments relate to chamber, chassis and door configurations of a sterilizer.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating the degree of saturation (S) of a reversible solid ammonia storage material (3) in a storage unit (1). The storage unit (1) is equipped with a heater (2) to release ammonia and a connected tube (4) for ammonia flow. The initial temperature (TINIT) is measured with a sensor (9) in or around the storage unit (1) before any heating is initiated. Heating is initiated while recording the active time of heating (t) or the amount of energy (Q) released by the heater. The desorption pressure created by solid storage material in the storage unit (1) is measured via a pressure sensor (8) in fluid communication with the storage unit (1). The time (tTARGET), or the heat (QTARGET) where the pressure reaches a certain target pressure (PTARGET) is recorded. The values of the target-pressure time (tTARGET), or the target-pressure heat (QTARGET), and the initial temperature (TINIT) are used to compute an approximate degree of saturation (S).

Abstract: Large-scale downstream processing of secreted recombinant proteins is provided in a single device, wherein the contents of a plurality of bioreactors are combined simultaneous to their harvesting and purification resulting in significant savings of time and the cost of manufacturing.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator is described, which comprises: a material supply device (4); a water supply device (5); an evaporator (10); a reforming catalyst layer (1) for generating reformed gas; a CO removing catalyst layer (2) configured to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas generated by the reforming catalyst layer (1); a combustor (3) for heating the reforming catalyst layer (1) and the CO removing catalyst layer (2); a reforming temperature detector (9) for detecting the temperature of the reforming catalyst layer (1); a heater (7) for heating the CO removing catalyst layer (2); a CO removing temperature detector (8) for detecting the temperature of the CO removing catalyst layer (2); and a controller (16) configured to perform control such that the heater (7) heats the CO removing catalyst layer at the time of start-up and such that if the temperature detected by the CO removing temperature detector (8) becomes greater than or equal to a first specified value, the combustor (3)

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system includes a heating module for heating exhaust gas upstream of a main catalytic converter. The heating module includes a first heating core having a first core volumetric size and a second heating core having a second core volumetric size that is less than the first core volumetric size. The first heating core with the larger first core volumetric size is configured to optimize pre-crank heating, while the second heating core with the smaller second core volumetric size is configured to optimize post-crank heating. The first heating core and the second heating core may be arranged in series with each other or in parallel with each other.

Abstract: A system for storage and dosing of ammonia, including a solid ammonia storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption/absorption. The system is able to release ammonia gradually according to a demand that can vary over time with intermediate periods of no ammonia demand. A main storage unit and a start-up storage unit are provided. The storage units hold ammonia storage material. At least one one-way valve is provided via which the one main storage unit is in communication with the start-up storage unit. The one-way valve prevents any back-flow of ammonia from the start-up storage unit to the main storage unit. Heating devices are arranged to heat the main storage unit and the start-up storage unit separately to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material.

Abstract: A DPF target temperature setting unit has a temperature increase rate setting portion which sets a temperature increase change rate such that, until a target set temperature at which PM is burnt is reached after the start of late post injection, the temperature increase change rate is reduced in accordance with an increase in temperature or a period of time elapsed since the start of the late post injection, a stepwise temperature increase change rate in the temperature increase rate setting portion includes two stages of a first-stage change rate A and a second-stage change rate B lower than the first-stage change rate, and a target temperature of the DPF temperature is calculated by using the temperature increase rate of the temperature increase rate setting portion.

Abstract: Biowaste sterilizers are described. In one implementation an exemplary system has waste transport vessels that can be intermittently heated and pressurized, for example, with steam, and are interconnected to provide multiple sterilization pathways for waste as the waste is transported. Selected sterilization pathways may depend on attributes of the waste. Sterilization factors, such as mechanical shredding, application of steam, application of pressure, maintenance of temperature, separation of liquid, etc., are integrated into the waste transport features of the system, which can be made compact to save space while processing relatively large bulk amounts of materials, such as medical wastes. The system maintains safe isolation of bio-hazardous components in the waste from the external environment. A system controller provides parameters management, smart sterilization cycle control, quality assurance, safety management, diagnostics, and reporting over a network.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged. A first hydrocarbon feed method which injections hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15) by predetermined feed intervals (?T) so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas falls to the demanded minimum air-fuel ratio (X) to thereby remove the NOx contained in the exhaust gas and a second hydrocarbon feed method which lowers the feed amount of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and feeds fuel to the combustion chambers (2) during a second half of the expansion stroke or the exhaust stroke are selectively used.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation apparatus and a fuel cell system including: a reformer (1) configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by causing a reforming reaction of a raw material; a hydrodesulfurizer (4) configured to remove a sulfur compound from the raw material; an adsorption desulfurizer (3) configured to remove a sulfur compound from the raw material; a first raw material passage (15) through which the raw material that is supplied to the reformer not through the adsorption desulfurizer but through the hydrodesulfurizer flows; a second raw material passage (16) through which the raw material that is supplied to the reformer through the adsorption desulfurizer flows; a switch (17, 18) configured to switch, between the first raw material passage and the second raw material passage, a raw material flowing passage through which the raw material flows; and a controller (12) configured such that when the reformer is generating the hydrogen-containing gas, the controller sets the raw material flowing passage t

Abstract: An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine is provided with an exhaust purification catalyst which includes an upstream side catalyst and a downstream side catalyst and which makes NOX and hydrocarbons react. The upstream side catalyst has an oxidation ability, while the downstream side catalyst carries precious metal catalyst particles on an exhaust flow surface and is formed with basic exhaust flow surface parts. The exhaust purification catalyst makes the concentration of hydrocarbons vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude and by within a predetermined range of period so as to remove the NOX. The upstream side catalyst has a high efficiency temperature at which hydrocarbons can be partially oxidized by a predetermined efficiency.

Abstract: The reaction chip of the present invention has a plurality of recesses 6 constituting a part of a reaction container and a groove constituting a part of a channel formed on at least one of one face of a first base material (resin base material 2) and one face of a second base material (metallic base material) and a notch 15 showing a gradual increase in width and a gradual increase in depth from one face 2d of the base material toward an inner wall surface 6d of the recess is formed on an edge of at least one recess in an extending direction of the groove. One face of the first base material and one face of the second base material are stuck together opposite to each other to form the plurality of reaction containers and the channel.

Abstract: A reactor for the gasification of biomass having a reactor vessel that defines a gasification chamber with an oxidation zone, to which oxidation zone an oxygen containing gasification agent, in particular air, may be supplied from outside of the reactor vessel, wherein biomass may be continuously transported to the oxidation zone in the gasification chamber, wherein air supply elements having exit openings in the area of the oxidation zone are arranged in the reactor vessel, which extend in the transport direction of the biomass. The air supply elements are each configured in lance form and provided along at least one insulation section with an external insulation layer.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation apparatus (100) includes: a reformer (1) configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by causing a reforming reaction of a raw material; a combustor (2) configured to heat the reformer; and a controller (5) configured to set a controlled temperature of the reformer to a first temperature when an oxygen concentration in the raw material is in a first state where the oxygen concentration is relatively low, and change the controlled temperature of the reformer to a second temperature higher than the first temperature when the oxygen concentration in the raw material is in a second state where the oxygen concentration is relatively higher than the oxygen concentration in the first state.

Abstract: A continuous process wherein a mechanized and automated feeding system provides precision delivery of thermally and atmospherically conditioned components to a pelletization process including extrusion, pelletization, thermal processing, drying, and post-processing of the polymeric pellets formed. The components can be combined to form solutions, dispersions, emulsions, formulations, and the like. These components can further be reacted and thermally modified to form oligomers, pre-polymers, polymers, copolymers, and many combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pyrolysis process that is capable of being with reduced coke and/or tar formation. The process can pyrolyze hydrocarbon feed that contains low- to mid-range levels of non-volatiles. Pyrolysis is carried out with a predetermined amount of the feed being in the liquid phase so as to minimize coke and/or tar formation in the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis feed may also include a diluent, such as molecular hydrogen, that further acts to minimize coke and/or tar formation in the pyrolysis reactor. The amount of diluent in the pyrolysis feed can be adjusted to adjust or control dry point of the hydrocarbon in the pyrolysis feed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system includes a feedforward controller 47, a feedback controller 49 outputting a correcting variable for achieving a target temperature of DPF 7, and a variable adding unit 51 that adds the correcting variable output from the feedback controller 49 to a basic variable output from the feedforward controller 47 to compute a manipulated variable. The system further includes either one of an integrator resetter 55 that resets the integral value of an integrator that forms the feedback controller 49 when the amount of exhaust gas has suddenly dropped, and a basic variable calculating unit that calculates the basic variable to be output from the feedforward controller based on a signal representing the flow rate of exhaust gas.

Abstract: A cold start NO2 generation system includes a catalyst control module that identifies a portion of a three-way catalyst that corresponds to a nitrogen dioxide zone. A diagnostic module determines a temperature in the nitrogen dioxide zone, and a fuel control module adjusts an air/fuel ratio based on the temperature in the nitrogen dioxide zone. A cold start NO2 generation method includes identifying a portion of a three-way catalyst that corresponds to a nitrogen dioxide zone. The method further includes determining a temperature in the nitrogen dioxide zone and adjusting an air/fuel ratio based on the temperature in the nitrogen dioxide zone.

Abstract: Provided is a gas isolation valve which separates reactive materials, principally gases, contained in a high temperature reactor from the surrounding atmosphere. The valve is of modular construction with each module having a gas providing section and a gas removal section. Any number of modules can be provided in series. A central chamber, open at each end gives unimpeded access to the high temperature reactor. It is through the central chamber that the product of the reactor is removed and harvested. In the case of Ilas invention the product is carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A diesel particulate filter (“DPF”) system that is more convenient than a conventional DPF system, including a DPF having a catalyzed soot filter (“CSF”) that is connected to an exhaust pipe of a diesel engine in order to collect particulate matter (“PM”) in exhaust gas, and a diesel oxidation catalyst (“DOC”) provided on an upstream side of the CSF; and temperature sensors provided respectively on an upstream side and a downstream side of the DOC. When a PM accumulation amount in the CSF exceeds a fixed amount, DPF regeneration is performed by setting a temperature detected by the upstream side temperature sensor at or above a first threshold and setting a temperature detected by the downstream side temperature sensor at or above a second threshold. When a breakdown is detected in the upstream side temperature sensor, the second threshold is modified upward.

Abstract: This invention relates to a technique for adjusting the temperature of a liquid held on an analyzing instrument (1) to a target value. The invention provides a temperature control method wherein thermal energy is supplied to liquid (10) by passing a magnetic flux across an analyzing instrument (1) for raising the temperature of the liquid. The invention also provides an analyzing instrument (1) and analyzing apparatus (X) which are suited to raising the temperature of a liquid (10) using a magnetic flux.

Abstract: The disclosed device and method produce high concentration ozonated water by connecting a high concentration ozone gas-supplying system that comprises an ozone gas-generating unit (1) for forming ozone gas, an ozone gas-concentrating unit (2) for concentrating the ozone gas formed, a concentrated ozone gas-pressurizing unit (3) for pressurizing the concentrated ozone gas output from the ozone gas-concentrating unit (2), and a cooling mechanism (13) for cooling the concentrated ozone gas-pressurizing unit (3), to an ozone gas-dissolving unit (4) to dissolve the high pressure, concentrated ozone gas in pure water and produce the high concentration ozonated water.

Abstract: A method of inverting sucrose, including (i) determining an initial solids concentration of an aqueous sucrose solution, an initial bed volume of a sucrose inversion resin system, a minimum target inversion percentage, a maximum target inversion percentage, a target maximum hydroxymethylfuran (HMF) concentration, a minimum target pH, or a maximum target pH; (ii) contacting the sucrose inversion resin system with the aqueous sucrose solution under conditions of aqueous solution flow rate and aqueous solution temperature to produce an inverted sucrose solution having an inversion percentage, an HMF concentration, and a pH; (iii) observing an instantaneous inversion percentage, an instantaneous HMF concentration, or an instantaneous pH of the inverted sucrose solution; and, if appropriate; (iv) changing at least one of the aqueous solution flow rate or the aqueous solution temperature to yield a product having a desired inversion percentage, HMF concentration, and/or pH.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system is equipped with a burner in an exhaust passage upstream of an exhaust gas purification apparatus and having a burner combustion chamber in which flame is produced. When the temperature of the exhaust gas purification apparatus is raised, the burner produces flame that extends from the interior of the burner combustion chamber to the interior of the exhaust passage when the flow rate of the exhaust gas is not higher than a predetermined flow rate, and the burner causes the size of the flame to be smaller than when it is determined that the flow rate of the exhaust gas is not higher than the predetermined flow rate or to produce flame only in the interior of the burner combustion chamber when it is determined that the flow rate of exhaust gas is higher than the predetermined flow rate.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods are provided for heating and sensing the temperature of a chemical reaction chamber without direct physical contact between a heating device and the reaction chamber, or between a temperature sensor and the reaction chamber. A plurality of chemical reaction chambers can simultaneously or sequentially be heated independently and monitored separately.

Abstract: Multiple catalytic processing stations couple with a system which produces volatile gas streams from biomass decomposition at discrete increasing temperatures. These catalytic processing stations can be programmed to maximize conversion of biomass to useful renewable fuel components based on input feedstock and desired outputs.

Abstract: An ozone generator includes a housing with a plurality of openings and containing an ultraviolet lamp and a blower. A control is remotely connected to the housing for turning the generator on and off. The ultraviolet lamp emits ultraviolet radiation. The blower moves air into contact with radiation from the ultraviolet lamp. A modular arrangement of the invention includes components for assembling an ozone generator. The arrangement includes a first generator component and a second generator component connected by a hose. Another embodiment of a modular arrangement includes a generator and a blower connected by a hose. A method for operating an ozone generator includes placing an ozone generator in an unoccupied, enclosed space; placing. a controller that is connected to the generator outside of the enclosed space; and turning on the controller.

Abstract: Approaches for producing fuel from a carbon-containing feedstock are described. Feedstock is introduced into a substantially microwave-transparent reaction chamber. A microwave source emits microwaves which are directed through the microwave-transparent wall of the reaction chamber to impinge on the feedstock within the reaction chamber. The microwave source may be rotated relative to the reaction chamber. The feedstock is subjected to microwaves until the desired reaction occurs to produce a fuel. A catalyst can be mixed with the feedstock to enhance the reaction process.

Abstract: A device for reprocessing used plastic containers including a system for analyzing the degree of contamination of the plastic, a system for determining decontamination process parameters as a function of the degree of contamination thus detected, and a system for controlled decontamination of the plastic according to the decontamination process parameters thus determined. The system for determining decontamination process parameters provides determined decontamination process parameters to corresponding decontamination control elements that are automatically adjusted depending on the degree of contamination.

Abstract: An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine, having an exhaust purification catalyst in the exhaust passage of the engine of a vehicle, a fuel supply device provided in the exhaust passage upstream the exhaust purification catalyst and supplies fuel to an exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst, a heating device which heats the fuel supplied from the fuel supply device, and a controller which controls the heating device. The controller controls the heating device, when a first processing request based on a state of the exhaust purification catalyst is standing and a second processing request based on an operating state of the vehicle is not standing (t2), to a pre-heating temperature lower than an ignition threshold capable of igniting the fuel and, when the first processing request and the second processing request are standing (t3), to an ignition temperature higher than the ignition threshold.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying device for an internal combustion engine, including: an electrically heated catalyst which has a catalyst carrier supporting a catalyst and a carrier retention unit which is provided on an outer periphery of the catalyst carrier, which retains the catalyst carrier, and which has an electrical insulation property; and a cooling unit which cools the carrier retention unit. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the carrier retention unit from becoming high, and it becomes possible to appropriately ensure the insulation property of the electrically heated catalyst. Hence, it becomes possible to expand a condition range in which the current can be applied to the electrically heated catalyst.

Abstract: Methods and systems for preparing catalyst, such as chromium catalysts, are provided. The valence of at least a portion of the catalyst sent to an activator is changed from Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The catalyst is prepared or activated continuously using a fluidization bed catalyst activator.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for forming graphene and structures including graphene. In an example, a system effective to form graphene may include a chamber adapted to receive graphite oxide. The system may also include a source of an inert gas and a source of hydrogen, which may both be configured in communication with the chamber. A processor may be configured in communication with the chamber, the inert gas source and/or the hydrogen source. The processor may be further configured to control the flow of the inert gas from the first source through the chamber under first sufficient reaction conditions to remove at least some oxygen from the atmosphere of the chamber. The processor may also be configured to control the flow of the hydrogen from the second source to the graphite oxide in the chamber under second sufficient reaction conditions to form graphene from the graphite oxide.

Abstract: An apparatus suitable for generating gaseous hydrocarbon fuel from a carbon based synthesis gas including a reaction chamber having a rotating shaft including a plurality of radial blades mixing and circulating carbon based synthesis gas and particulate catalyst upwardly generating gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, a stripping chamber located above the reaction chamber having a second axial rotating shaft including a plurality of radial blades driving hydrocarbon fuel radially outwardly, a source of hot stripping gas, an annular filter surrounding the stripping chamber and an annular gas collection chamber surrounding the filter. The blades in the stripping chamber are rotated independently at a greater velocity than the blades in the reaction chamber and the reaction is controlled by the temperature of the synthesis gas and the rotational velocity of the mixing blades in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention comprises an exhaust purifying catalyst provided in an exhaust passage, a burner device provided upstream of the exhaust purifying catalyst and generating a heated gas for heating the exhaust purifying catalyst, the burner device including at least a glow plug and a fuel injection nozzle injecting fuel toward the glow plug, and a heat spot member as a heat accumulator provided downstream of the burner device and upstream of the exhaust purifying catalyst.

Abstract: An automated in situ heat induced antigen recovery and staining method and apparatus for treating a plurality of microscope slides. The process of heat induced antigen recovery and the process of staining the biological sample on the microscope slide are conducted in the same apparatus, wherein the microscope slides do not need to be physically removed from one apparatus to another. Each treatment step occurs within the same reaction compartment. The reaction conditions of each reaction compartment for treating a slide can preferably be controlled independently, including the individualized application of reagents to each slide and the individualized treatment of each slide. The reagents are preferably held in a reagent dispensing strip similar to a “blister pack”.

Abstract: An automated analyzer for performing multiple diagnostic assays simultaneously includes multiple stations, or modules, in which discrete aspects of the assay are performed on fluid samples contained in reaction receptacles. The analyzer includes stations for automatically preparing a specimen sample, incubating the sample at prescribed temperatures for prescribed periods, performing an analyte isolation procedure, and ascertaining the presence of a target analyte. An automated receptacle transporting system moves the reaction receptacles from one station to the next.

Abstract: The water gas shift reactor includes a gas reaction tank including a reaction chamber formed in the shape of a hollow body provided with a porous plate installed therein to divide the inside of the reaction chamber into an upper reaction space and a lower collection space and a catalyst stacked on the upper surface of the porous plate to convert carbon monoxide into hydrogen, and an insulating layer provided at the outer surface of the reaction chamber, a syngas storage tank to store the syngas, a syngas supply pipe to supply the syngas to the gas reaction tank, after the syngas is heated by a preheater, a steam supply pipe to supply steam generated from a steam generator to the gas reaction tank such that the steam reacts with the syngas, after the steam is heated by a preheater, and a reaction gas discharge pipe.

Abstract: A method of hydroprocessing hydrocarbons is provided using a substantially liquid-phase reactor having first and second catalyst beds with a heat transfer section positioned therebetween. The first and second catalyst beds and the heat transfer section are combined within the same reactor vessel. Each catalyst bed having an inlet temperature and an exit temperature and having a hydroprocessing catalyst therein with a maximum operating temperature range.

Abstract: An automated in situ heat induced antigen recovery and staining method and apparatus for treating a plurality of microscope slides. The process of heat induced antigen recovery and the process of staining the biological sample on the microscope slide are conducted in the same apparatus, wherein the microscope slides do not need to be physically removed from one apparatus to another. Each treatment step occurs within the same reaction compartment. The reaction conditions of each reaction compartment for treating a slide can preferably be controlled independently, including the individualized application of reagents to each slide and the individualized treatment of each slide. The reagents are preferably held in a reagent dispensing strip similar to a “blister pack”.

Abstract: A system for storing ammonia in and releasing ammonia from a storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption or absorption for a process with a gradual ammonia demand that can vary over the time. The system has a container capable of housing the ammonia-containing storage material; a heating source arranged to supply heat for the desorption of ammonia from the solid storage medium; and a controller arranged to control the heating source to release ammonia. The heating source is arranged inside the container and surrounded by ammonia storage material. A controllable dosing valve is arranged to dose released ammonia according to the ammonia demand. The controller comprises a feed-forward control arranged to control the heat supplied by the heating source, based on the ammonia demand.