Abstract: A catalyst for purification of exhaust gas in which a noble metal is supported on a metal-oxide support wherein, in a oxidation atmosphere, the noble metal exists on the surface of the support in high oxidation state, and the noble metal binds with a cation of the support via an oxygen atom on the surface of the support to form a surface oxide layer and, in a reduction atmosphere, the noble metal exists on the surface of the support in a metal state, and an amount of noble metal exposed at the surface of the support, measured by CO chemisorption, is 10% or more in atomic ratio to a whole amount of the noble metal supported on the support.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system is provided. Method of increasing activation of NOx reduction catalyst using two or more reductant is discussed. The exhaust treatment system includes an exhaust source, a reductant source, a nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction catalyst, a sensor, and a controller. The reductant source includes a first reductant and second reductant, and is disposed to inject a reductant stream into an exhaust stream from the exhaust source. The NOx catalyst is disposed to receive both the exhaust stream and reductant stream. The sensor is disposed to sense a system parameter related to carbon loading of the catalyst and produce a signal corresponding to the system parameter. The controller is disposed to receive the signal and to control dosing of the reductant stream based at least in part on the signal.

Abstract: An active CO neutralizing device includes a CO sensing unit, a control unit, an alarm unit and an ozone releasing unit and serves to detect a concentration of carbon monoxide in the air and to automatically release ozone to react with carbon monoxide when the detected concentration of carbon monoxide is in excess of a preset threshold so as to neutralize and thereby dilute carbon monoxide in order to minimize the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning and allow more time for rescue.

Abstract: Material delivery systems, methods of delivering material and methods of calibrating such systems and methods are disclosed. The material delivery system includes a delivery vessel, a load cell, and automated weight calibration device. The delivery vessel has at least an outlet adapted for coupling to an unit. The load cell is configured to provide a metric indicative of an amount of material in the delivery vessel. The automated weight calibration device is configured to impart a known force onto the at least one load cell. A method includes delivering material to a unit and determining how much material is delivered by a change in weight of a delivery vessel, wherein the delivery vessel comprises a load cell; applying a known calibration force to the load cell; and comparing a metric from the load cell of the known calibration with an expected metric.

Abstract: Catalyst withdrawal apparatuses and methods for regulating catalyst inventory in one or more units are provided. In one embodiment, a catalyst withdrawal apparatus for removing catalyst from a FCC unit includes a vessel coupled to a flow control circuit. Another embodiment of a catalyst withdrawal apparatus includes a vessel, a delivery line, and control valve. The control valve is configured to control the amount of gas to the delivery line and entrained with the catalyst. Another embodiment of catalyst withdrawal apparatus includes a vessel coupled to a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a first conduit; a housing confining a coolant volume around a portion of the first conduit; and a sliding seal sealing the housing to the first conduit in manner that allows longitudinal expansion. A fluid catalyst cracking system coupled to a catalyst withdrawal apparatus and method for withdrawing catalyst from a unit are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons for syngas production is presented. A hydrogenation feed reactor stream is introduced into a hydrogenation reactor, thereby producing a reformer feed stream. The reformer feed stream is introduced into a reformer, thereby producing a crude syngas stream. The crude syngas stream is introduced into a water gas shift converter, thereby producing a hydrogen-rich stream. The hydrogen-rich stream is separated in a separation means, thereby producing a carbon dioxide-rich stream and a hydrogen product stream. At least a portion of the hydrogen product stream is combined with a refinery fuel gas stream, and a natural gas stream, to form the hydrogenation reactor feed stream.

Abstract: A mercury reduction system includes an NH4Cl supplying unit that sprays an NH4Cl solution into a flue of the boiler, a reduction denitration apparatus that includes a denitration catalyst for reducing NOx in the flue gas with NH3 and oxidizing Hg in the presence of HCl, and a wet desulfurization apparatus for reducing Hg oxidized in the reduction denitration apparatus with limestone-gypsum slurry. The NH4Cl supplying unit includes an NH4Cl solution feed pipe that supplies the NH4Cl solution into the flue in a liquid state, a blow pipe that is inserted into the flue so as to surround the NH4Cl solution feed pipe and through which air is injected into the flue, and a two-fluid nozzle that is fitted to an end of the NH4Cl solution feed pipe and through which the NH4Cl solution is injected. Through the two-fluid nozzle, the NH4Cl solution is injected and sprayed in fine liquid droplets.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and a system for manufacturing organopolysiloxane. The system comprises N raw material tanks, N gauging tanks, a first reactor, a second reactor and at least one product tanks which are arranged in order from high to low. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of: firstly, N raw materials are added into the N raw material tanks respectively. Then, a plurality of processing parameters about the organopolysiloxane are inputted to control the N gauging tanks to measure the dosage of the N raw materials according to the processing parameters, which along with a cyclic siloxane monomer are inputted into the first reactor. The first reactor is controlled to carry on ring-opening and re-distribution polymerization equilibrium reaction to the N raw materials and the cyclic siloxane monomer, so as to generate an intermediate product, and transfer the intermediate product into the second reactor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for desulphurization of a gaseous effluent containing hydrogen sulphide using a Claus treatment unit followed by a Claus tail gas treatment unit (TGT), said process comprising using a device for on-line analysis of the ratio H2S/SO2 at the outlet from the TGT unit and a feed-back loop which can maintain said H2S/SO2 molar ratio at the outlet from the TGT unit to a value close to 2 and generally in the range 1.5 to 2.5.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a flue gas purifying device that can efficiently decrease nitrogen oxides in flue gas.

Abstract: A crystal-growing furnace having a slurry drainage duct structure includes a furnace body, a supporting table, a loading frame, a plurality of eaves elements, and a set of eaves gutters. The supporting table includes a table plate and a plurality of supporting posts. The loading frame includes a lower plate and four side plates, where four elongated eaves boards descend from sides of the lower plate. Four eaves gutters, having V-shaped grooves, are connected with one another and disposed beneath the four eaves elements correspondingly. Any high-temperature silicon slurry leaks from a furnace crucible will be guided by the elongated eaves boards into the V-shaped grooves of the eaves gutters to prevent the silicon slurry from flowing along the periphery of the table plate and down to the supporting posts.

Abstract: An ammonia supply device includes an ammonia absorber, a conductive element, a mixture, a tank and an electrode. The ammonia absorber is in powder or granular form. Ammonia is stored in the ammonia absorber and released from the ammonia absorber. The conductive element in paste or liquid form has a conductive property and a nonreactive property with ammonia. The mixture is made by mixing the ammonia absorber and the conductive element. The tank holds the mixture. The electrode includes a pair of first and second electrode elements for applying voltage to the mixture.

Abstract: A catalyst has a long life span and efficiently separates hydrogen from water. A first metal element (Ni, Pd, Pt) for cutting the combination of hydrogen and oxygen and a second metal element (Cr, Mo, W, Fe) for helping the function of the first metal element are melted in alkaline metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to make a mixture heated at a temperature above the melting point of the hydroxide to eject fine particles from the liquid surface, bringing steam into contact with the fine particles. Instead of this, a mixture of alkaline metal hydroxide and metal oxide is heated at a temperature above the melting point of the alkaline metal hydroxide to make metal compound in which at least two kinds of metal elements are melted, and fine particles are ejected from the surface of the metal compound to be brought into contact with steam.

Abstract: A method for removing mercury in a combustion exhaust gas includes injecting ammonia or urea as a reducing agent into a combustion exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, metallic mercury, and hydrogen halides, and then introducing the combustion exhaust gas to a denitration apparatus filled with a denitration catalyst to cause a denitration reaction and oxidize the metallic mercury to produce mercury halide; and introducing the combustion exhaust gas through an air preheater and an electric dust collector to a wet desulfurization apparatus, thereby removing sulfur dioxides and the mercury halide, wherein the ammonia concentration of the combustion exhaust gas at an exit of the denitration apparatus is maintained at 5 ppm or higher, and the mercury halide is adsorbed or precipitated onto combustion ash and collected by the electric dust collector to discharge the mercury halide out of a system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas purifier containing a filtering media having a photocatalytic action, a system for illuminating said media with UV radiation, a time-delay means or a volatile organic compound analyzer, and a means for automatically adjusting the speed of the gas passing through the media or for adjusting the intensity of the UV illumination, said adjusting being carried out as a function of the time determined by the time-delay means or as a function of the content of a volatile organic compound analyzed by the analyzer.

Abstract: A processing column system includes an inlet, an outlet, a piston head and a piston pressure chamber for providing a controlled bed pressure to the piston head and thus to a substrate and/or liquid bed positioned within the column. A tracking regulator is in fluid communication with a source of pressurized hydraulic fluid and the piston pressure chamber as well as the inlet to the column. The tracking regulator receives a pressure of a process fluid flow into the processing column. The tracking regulator has a hydraulic fluid drain port in fluid communication with the source of pressurized hydraulic fluid. The tracking regulator directs hydraulic fluid from the piston pressure chamber to the source of pressurized hydraulic fluid when the tracking regulator detects a drop in the pressure of the process fluid flow. The source of pressurized hydraulic fluid provides to the tracking regulator a pressure equal to a set bed pressure of the system plus a maximum anticipated process flow pressure.

Abstract: A system for measuring the oxygen concentration of a gas includes a catalytic reactor, first and second temperature sensors and a control unit. The catalytic reactor includes a combustion catalyst that supports the catalytic combustion of hydrocarbon fuel vapor in a gas stream. The first temperature sensor is located upstream of the catalytic reactor for sensing an upstream temperature of the gas stream, and the second temperature sensor is located downstream of the catalytic reactor for sensing a downstream temperature of the gas stream. The control unit compares the upstream temperature and the downstream temperature to determine the oxygen concentration of the gas stream.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is defined that uses the measured concentration of reactant slip in the exhaust gas after SCR processing to control the amount of reactant injected during non-steady-state operational conditions. The SCR system works with a reactant slip detector located in the post-SCR processing section of the exhaust flue. The reactant slip detector measures the concentration of reactant in the exhaust gases and, based on that concentration, the amount of reactant injected into the pre-SCR processing exhaust gases is controlled.

Abstract: A containment vessel having a spiral plate heat exchanger, a central catalyst chamber packed with particulate catalyst, a central heater, a plenum providing conductive flow access for a hydrocarbon-air mixture to and from the containment vessel interior, and essential flow pathways interconnecting the plenum section, heat exchanger, catalyst chamber and central heater. The spiral plate heat exchanger, catalyst chamber, and heater assembly occupy successively smaller annular regions within the containment vessel.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a transfer system between the first and second reactors in a double loop reactor that is equipped to reduce clogging in the transfer lines by providing a regulation mechanism arranged to insure equivalent flushing in each transfer line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for product-conserving thermal dissociation of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, preferably for thermal dissociation of 1,2-dichloroethane to vinyl chloride. This uses chemical dissociation promoters and/or physical measures which initiate the dissociation reaction. The initiation of the dissociation reaction, with the same conversion, lowers the temperature level in the reaction mixture and the temperature of the dissociation gas on exit from the dissociation furnace. The amount and the exit temperature of the flue gas from the radiation zone of the dissociation furnace likewise decrease at the same time.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for producing ethylenically unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for preparing ethylenically unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons, preferably vinyl chloride by thermal dissociation of 1,2-dichloroethane, using physical or chemical measures which initiate the dissociation reaction. The process/apparatus described makes it possible to increase the amount produced using dissociation reactors of a given size considerably. Use is made here of initiating measures to increase the heat flux through the wall of the reaction tube and at the same time the feed stream and the heating power of the reaction furnace are increased so that the conversion of the reaction is not significantly increased compared to processes without use of initiating measures.

Abstract: Feedstock delivery systems and hydrogen-producing fuel processing assemblies and fuel cell systems containing the same. The feedstock delivery systems include a liquid pump that draws at least one liquid feedstock from a supply and delivers at least one feed stream containing the feedstock(s) to a fuel processor, such as to the hydrogen-producing region thereof. The feedstock delivery system further includes a recycle conduit that establishes a fluid flow path for the liquid feedstock(s) from a location downstream of the pump back to a location upstream of the pump. In some embodiments, the feedstock delivery system further includes a flow restrictor associated with the recycle conduit and a pressure-actuated valve that selectively permits the recycled feedstock to bypass the flow restrictor. In some embodiments, the pump is configured to draw a greater flow rate of the feed stream from the supply than is delivered to the fuel processor.

Abstract: The present invention is broadly directed to various methods and systems for gas and liquid phase polymer production. In certain embodiments, the methods are performed in conjunction with a polymerization reactor system such as gas phase reactor system or liquid phase reactor system. The invention is also broadly directed to various systems in which polymer properties are manipulated by addition of DEALE directly to a polymerization reactor system.

Abstract: Hydrogen generation materials are a complex hydride which generates hydrogen upon hydrolysis, and an aqueous solution comprising water for causing the hydrolysis, and an accelerator dissolved therein for accelerating a hydrogen generation reaction. A method of hydrogen generation by a hydrogen generator comprises a first step S1 of detecting that the internal pressure of a reactor is lower than a reference pressure, and supplying the aqueous accelerator solution to the reactor; a second step S2 of dissolving the complex hydride in the aqueous accelerator solution to cause a hydrogen generation reaction; and a third step S3 of detecting that the internal pressure of the reactor is higher than the reference pressure, and stopping the supply of the aqueous accelerator solution, and repeats the flow from the first step S1 to the third step S3.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator of the present invention includes a reformer (16) for generating a hydrogen-containing gas through a reforming reaction using a raw material; a combustor (102a) for heating the reformer (16); a combustion air supplier (117) for supplying combustion air to the combustor (102a); and an abnormality detector (110a) for detecting an abnormality; and a controller (110) configured to control the combustion air supplier (117) such that the reformer (16) is cooled with a higher rate in an abnormal shut-down process executed after the abnormality detector (110a) detects the abnormality, than in a normal shut-down process.

Abstract: A system and method for olefin polymerization is provided. The method includes polymerizing one or more olefins within a reactor having one or more injection tubes in fluid communication therewith, at least one of the one or more injection tubes having two or more concentric flow paths; flowing a catalyst through a first flow concentric path of the injection tube into the reactor; flowing one or more monomers through a second concentric flow path of the injection tube into the reactor; measuring rate of heat removal within the reactor; and adjusting the one or more monomers flow through the injection tube in response to the rate of heat removal in the reactor.

Abstract: Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

Abstract: A metal-fueled cogeneration plant, comprising at least one reaction chamber, elements for introducing at least one water-based liquid oxidizer, and elements for supplying at least one metal-based fuel into the chamber, the oxidizer and the fuel being adapted to give rise to an exothermic oxidation reaction to obtain gaseous hydrogen and at least one metallic oxide. The introduction elements are adapted to introduce in the chamber a quantity of oxidizer that is substantially greater than the stoichiometric quantity to form steam and comprises at least one fluid-based motive power unit that is fed in input by at least the steam for the rotary actuation of a driving shaft, separation and recovery elements for at least the steam being interposed between the chamber and the inlet to the motive power unit, and elements for evacuation of the hydrogen being further provided.

Abstract: A system may include a sulfur recovery unit. The sulfur recovery unit may include an acid gas supply, which may supply acid gas, an oxygen supply, which may supply oxygen, a fuel supply, which may supply fuel. The fuel may have a higher heating value than the acid gas. Also, the sulfur recovery unit may include a thermal reaction zone, which may thermally recover sulfur from the acid gas by combustion of the fuel and the acid gas with the oxygen and through reaction of the acid gas with combustion products arising from the combustion.

Abstract: A system for alkylating hydrocarbons which includes an improved method of safely handling alkylation catalyst is disclosed. The process includes passing the alkylation catalyst from a settler vessel to a catalyst receiving vessel, via a catalyst cooler, for containment therein in the presence of a condensible gas. Also disclosed is a method for controlling the pressure in the catalyst receiving vessel by controlling the rate of removal of vapors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen generator capable of estimating the remaining amount of hydrogen without adding a detection means, which leads to an increase in the cost, and a fuel cell system including the hydrogen generator.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction reactor (8), which comprises at least one catalyst layer (14), is operative for removing NOx from a flow of process gas of a process plant, such as a combustion plant or an incineration plant. A device for controlling the feeding of a reducing agent, such as urea or ammonia, to said at least one catalyst layer (14), which has an attack area (A) facing the flow (P) of process gas, comprises at least one supply nozzle (32) which is operative for supplying reducing agent in at least one supply area (34) which corresponds to a part of the attack area (A), and a moving device (36) which is operative for moving said supply area (34) over the attack area (A).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for denitrifying the flue gases of a fossil fuel-fired steam generator, especially a steam generator boiler (1) of a power plant, having apparatuses (10-12) for blowing a reagent effective in a predetermined temperature range into the interior (18) of the steam generator (1), which contains hot combustion gases. The device according to the invention is characterized in that the blow-in apparatuses (10-12) comprise a plurality of injection lances (10) arranged in spatially distributed manner and a control apparatus (13) for measuring the respective temperature distribution in the interior (18) and for selecting injection lances (10) suitable for blowing in based on the temperature distribution.

Abstract: A method and system of providing compressed substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas for industrial purposes including the steps of extracting exhaust gas from a lean burn engine consuming a mixture of natural gas fuel and air, passing the extracted exhaust gas through a cooling step to cause entrained water vapor therein to condense out, separating and disposing of the condensed water, measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, using the measurement to regulate the quantity of natural gas fed into an igniter into which the exhaust gas is also fed so that substantially all of the oxygen in the exhaust gas is consumed by combustion with the natural gas in the igniter to provide at an outlet of the igniter substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas, and compressing the substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas to provide compressed exhaust gas for industrial applications.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: The instant application provides apparatus and methods for the generation of gas, preferably chlorine dioxide. The methods and apparatus of the invention use a removable reaction chamber for the reaction of precursor chemicals, e.g., chlorite salt and an acid. The methods and compositions of the invention provide gas for a number of personal and commercial applications.

Abstract: A system for disinfecting a room includes an enclosure having first and second air inlets and an air intake control assembly to selectably control air flow into the enclosure through the first and second air inlets. Air that flows between the exterior and interior of the enclosure through the second air inlet passes through a filter assembly. The enclosure also includes an air dispersion outlet having a fan that draws air into the enclosure through the first and second air inlets and forces air out of the enclosure. A chemical dispersion assembly generates a disinfecting fog relative to the fan. A system controller controls the air intake control assembly to disperse the disinfecting fog into the room, and subsequently draw the disinfecting fog from the room and through the filter assembly.

Abstract: A system to control the emissions of a fluid stream in a cyclical fashion utilizing an up-flow cycle and a down-flow cycle. The system may include a first inlet and a first outlet at a first end of the system and a second inlet and a second outlet at a second end of the system, a catalyst zone between the first end and second end, two heat transfer zones, at least one heat transfer zone positioned between the catalyst zone and the first end of the system and between the catalyst zone and the second end of the system, and two heating zones, at least one heating zone positioned between the catalyst zone and each of the at least one heat transfer zones. The symmetrical arrangement permits a bi-directional fluid cycle to recover a portion of the energy supplied to the system during each cycle.

Abstract: It is made possible to scale up the throughput of a chemical plant using microreactors. The chemical plant has a liquid sending line communicating with a raw material tank at a bifurcation of raw material and a means for detecting the flow of raw material and a control valve for adjusting the flow located in the line. In each branch line to each of the multiple microreactors connected in parallel, there are provided a means for monitoring the flow rate of raw material and a means for adjusting this flow rate. A control apparatus monitors the flow rate in each liquid sending line and adjusts the quantity of liquid sent from each control valve and each pump to avoid the influence of an air bubble or deposit in each line.

Abstract: A method of protecting a NOx reducing catalyst 140 from fouling, where the NOx reducing catalyst 140 is downstream of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler 120 and upstream of a particulate removal device 150. The method includes introducing a SOx removing reagent 212 in a calcium to sulfur molar ratio greater than that required for SO2 removal from a flue gas 122 generated by a CFB 120, thereby preventing SO3 formation and fouling of the NOx reducing catalyst 140.

Abstract: A mercury reduction system according to the present embodiment is a mercury reduction system that reduces NOx and Hg in flue gas discharged from a boiler, and includes an NH4Cl solution spraying unit that sprays an NH4Cl solution into a flue of the boiler in a liquid state, a mixed gas spraying unit that is provided downstream of the NH4Cl solution spraying unit and sprays mixed gas containing NH3 gas and HCl gas into the flue, a reduction denitration apparatus that includes a denitration catalyst reducing NOx in the flue gas with NH3 and oxidizing Hg in the presence of HCl, and a wet desulfurization apparatus that reduces Hg oxidized in the reduction denitration apparatus with a limestone-gypsum slurry.

Abstract: A system and a method for the production of polycrystalline silicon according to the monosilane process are disclosed. At least one reactor (10), at least one converter (20), at least one injection tank (30) and at least one vaporizer (40) are provided. Each reactor (10) is provided with an inlet pipe (11a) for fresh mixtures of gases and an outlet pipe (11b) for partially used-up mixtures of gases. Likewise, each converter (20) comprises an outlet pipe (21) for a mixture of gases and each vaporizer (40) comprises an outlet pipe (41) for a mixture of gases. Several sampling elements (7) for specimens to be measured are provided in the inlet pipe (11a) and the outlet pipe (11b) of each reactor (10) as well as in the outlet pipe (21) of each converter (20) and the outlet pipe (41) of each vaporizer (40). The withdrawn specimens to be measured are fed by the sampling elements (7) via a pipe (8) to at least one gas-phase chromatograph (2).

Abstract: An isolator includes a work chamber, a sterilizing substance supply unit, a gas flow channel pressure adjustment unit, a work chamber barometer, and a controller. The controller is configured to control execution of a gas flow channel leak test for checking a gas leak in a gas flow channel based on a detection result by the work chamber barometer after making the gas flow channel pressure adjustment unit increase or decrease the pressure in the gas flow channel, and is configured to control supply of the sterilizing substance by the sterilizing substance supply unit. The controller performs heating of a heater, which accompanies the supply of the sterilizing substance, in parallel with the gas flow channel leak test.

Abstract: A control method of ammonia loading amount for SCR system controls ammonia loading amount according to temperature difference along length direction of a SCR catalyst. The control method includes receiving data from sensors disposed forward and rearward of a SCR catalyst, and dividing SCR catalyst into a plurality of blocks according to temperatures of an inlet and outlet of the SCR catalyst, wherein the blocks have each temperature ranges, calculating required ammonia amount of each block of the SCR catalyst, calculating total required ammonia amount of the SCR catalyst by adding required ammonia amount of each block of the SCR catalyst and controlling the ammonia loading amount for SCR system.

Abstract: A mercury reduction system according to the present embodiment is a mercury reduction system that reduces NOx and Hg in flue gas discharged from a boiler, and includes a chemical supplying unit that mixes an NH4Cl solution, an NH3 solution, and an HCl solution in liquid states, and supplies a mixed solution into a flue provided downstream of the boiler, a reduction denitration apparatus that includes a denitration catalyst reducing NOx in the flue gas with NH3 and oxidizing Hg in the presence of HCl, and a wet desulfurization apparatus that reduces Hg oxidized in the reduction denitration apparatus with limestone-gypsum slurry.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of ionized oxygen and ozone from pure oxygen. An adjustable high voltage power supply is connected to an ozone generator having at least one ozone generator therein. The HV power supply has a relatively low voltage setting for producing negative ionized oxygen and a relatively high voltage setting for producing ozone. A negative ionizer may be included to increase the concentration of negative ionized oxygen. Outputted gasses are directed to a hermetically sealed envelope positioned around and in spaced relation from the surface of a patient's injury. If the wound is infected, ozone is selectively used to treat the infection for a first predetermined period of time sufficient to neutralize the infection. After the wound is treated with ozone, negative ionized oxygen is selectively used to treat the wound for a second predetermined period of time sufficient to enhance the healing of the wound.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator of the present invention includes: a raw material supplying device (4) configured to supply a raw material; a water supplying device (3) configured to supply water; an evaporator (23) configured to evaporate the water supplied from the water supplying device (3) to generate steam; a reformer (20) having a reforming catalyst which generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using the raw material and the steam; a valve (12) disposed on a gas passage to cause the reformer (20) to be communicated with an atmosphere and block the reformer (20) from the atmosphere, the gas passage being located downstream of the reformer (20); and a controller (11) configured to stop supplying the water from the water supplying device (3), then continue to supply the raw material from the raw material supplying device (4) with the valve (12) open, and stop supplying the raw material from the raw material supplying device (4) and close the valve (12) before an inside of the reformer (20) is purg

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include methods of contacting carbon dioxide with an aqueous mixture. In practicing methods according to certain embodiments, a subterranean brine may be contacted with carbon dioxide to produce a reaction product, which may or may not be further processed as desired. Also provided are methods in which a brine or minerals are contacted with an aqueous composition. Aspects of the invention further include compositions produced by methods of the invention as well as systems for practicing methods of the invention.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating apparatus contains a hydrogen generating device containing a reforming device; a desulfurizing device; a hydrocarbon removing device; a first raw material supplying path that passes the raw material through only the desulfurizing device among the desulfurizing device and the hydrocarbon removing device, and flows the raw material into the hydrogen generating device; a second raw material supplying path that passes the raw material through the desulfurizing device and the hydrocarbon removing device, and flows the raw material into the hydrogen generating device; and a controlling device that switches the flow path of the raw material to the second raw material supplying path in an operating step of supplying only the raw material to the hydrogen generating device.