Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyolefins by polymerizing olefins at temperatures of from 20 to 200° C. and pressures of from 0.1 to 20 MPa in the presence of a polymerization catalyst and an antistatically acting composition in a polymerization reactor, wherein the antistatically acting composition is a mixture comprising an oil-soluble surfactant and water and the use of an antistatically acting composition comprising an oil-soluble surfactant and water as antistatic agent for the polymerization of olefins at temperatures of from 20 to 200° C. and pressures of from 0.1 to 20 MPa in the presence of a polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for continuously and effectively producing an aliphatic polyester having an increased molecular weight which prevents evaporation of diisocyanate at the step of mixing the diisocyanate with the aliphatic polyester prepolymer in a molten state at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the prepolymer and enables uniform mixing of the diisocyanate with the aliphatic polyester prepolymer.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for continuously and effectively producing an aliphatic polyester having an increased molecular weight by preventing evaporation of a diisocyanate when blending the diisocyanate with an aliphatic polyester prepolymer in a molten state at a temperature not lower than the melting point thereof so that the diisocyanate and the aliphatic polyester prepolymer are uniformly blended.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for operating a mixing kneader, comprising one or more shafts on whose surfaces are disposed kneading bars and which are surrounded by a casing, comprising the following steps: (a) supplying reactants at an addition site in the mixing kneader, (b) converting the reactants in an exothermic reaction, the reaction at first forming a coherent kneadable intermediate, (c) tearing and dividing the coherent kneadable intermediate to form a product, the exothermic reaction optionally continuing during the tearing and division, (d) withdrawing the product at a withdrawal site in the mixing kneader, wherein at least one of the shafts and/or the casing is heated to a temperature above 20° C. during the operation of the mixing kneader.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the preparation of a crosslinkable rubber mixture for vehicle tires, lines, drive belts and other industrial rubber articles, which can be carried out at least semicontinuously. The present invention is based on the discovery that the experiments known from the prior art to carry out the batchwise process usually used at least partly continuously have failed in particular because of the problem that the crosslinking agents have to be mixed rapidly and homogeneously with the base mixture, also referred to as rubber base mixture, without the mixture consisting of the base mixture and the crosslinking agents heating up too strongly. According to the invention, attention was therefore focussed on reliably mixing the base mixture homogeneously with the crosslinking agents and minimizing the mixing time. A first measure for achieving the desired aim consists in first mixing the crosslinking agents with one another before they are mixed with the base mixture.

Abstract: Polyester compositions described herein have properties which are particularly suitable for extrusion blow molding (EBM). These properties relate primarily to the rate of crystallization and melt strength or melt viscosity. Articles prepared from the polyester compositions exhibit good clarity, aesthetics, and other physical properties. The polyester compositions also exhibit broad molecular weight distribution (MWD), resulting in improved processability and melt strength. The crystallization rate allows for good drying characteristics while also enabling the use of regrind. In addition, the compositions exhibit improved recyclability, such as in existing PET recycling streams. In one aspect, articles are prepared in an extrusion blow molding method by combining a dry first polyester copolymer component, a dry second polyester component, and a chain extender to form a feed material suitable for extrusion blow molding.

Abstract: A process for thermal surface postcrosslinking of water-absorbing polymer particles, wherein the polymer particles are coated with an aqueous solution, the coated polymer particles are deagglomerated and the deagglomerated polymer particles are thermally surface postcrosslinked by means of a drum heat exchanger with an inverse screw helix.

Abstract: In an isoolefin-diolefin rubber production process (e.g. a butyl rubber production process), the cold rubber slurry produced in the reaction vessel is transported from the reaction vessel to the flash tank during which time the cold slurry may be expressed to separate at least part of the cold liquid reaction medium from the isoolefin-diolefin rubber. The separated cold liquid reaction medium is transported off stream, for example by a mechanical filter, where it can be recycled back into the reaction vessel and/or where it can be used to cool a feed stream or streams of the reaction components. The isoolefin-diolefin rubber and the residual liquid reaction medium are transported to a flash tank for further processing. The ability to separate and recycle cold liquid reaction medium makes the process more economical.

Abstract: Process for providing a flow of particulate matter to a reactor, by intermittently adding the particulate matter and a diluent to a mixing tank, and continuously withdrawing a slurry of particulate matter in diluent from the mixing tank for introduction into the reactor. Prior to each addition of particulate matter and diluent to the mixing tank, the concentration of particulate matter in the diluent already in the mixing tank is measured or calculated, and the amount of particulate matter and diluent subsequently added is measured so as to achieve the same concentration at the end of the addition as that measured or calculated prior to the addition.

Abstract: A method of treating a polymer compound has the steps of: mixing and agitating the polymer compound and a chemical agent in an extruder while controlling the inside of the extruder to be kept at a high temperature and a high pressure to have a reaction mixture containing a polymer treated product; supplying the reaction mixture continuously into a high-pressure container disposed following the extruder and retaining the reaction mixture at the high temperature and high pressure for a predetermined time; then supplying the reaction mixture continuously to a chemical agent separator to separate the polymer treated product; and supplying the separated polymer treated product continuously to a molding means to form it into a molded material.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyether polyols by reaction of the following starting materials: a) one or more alkylene oxides and, if appropriate, carbon dioxide and also b) one or more H-functional starter substances, in the presence of a catalyst, in a reaction unit having a plurality of parallel layers A, B which are microstructured so that each layer has a multiplicity of channels which are arranged parallel to one another and form a continuous flow path from one side of the plate to the opposite side of this, wherein a distribution device for introduction of the starting materials and the catalyst is provided at one end of the channels of the layers A and a collection device for the reaction mixture is provided at the other end of these is proposed.

Abstract: Polyesters such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutylene terephthalate are made from melts of precondensates of polyesters by first conducting vapors comprising precondensate components distributed in the form of an aerosol through a polycondensation reactor in which precondensate components are deposited on the reactor wall and in an outlet chamber of the reactor on a separator. Then the deposits are conducted to the unstirred discharge sump. Upper layers of the discharge sump are continuously recirculated in the stirred reactor area and thus subjected to reconversion and further polycondensation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor apparatus for free-flowing media, especially for polymers, for polycondensation of polyesters, comprising a rotor which rotates in a reactor casing having an inlet and outlet, said rotor being supported horizontally via a support apparatus by means of stub shaft arrangements which reach beyond the end walls of the reactor casing, wherein annular film-forming elements and, between the annular film-forming elements, strippers are arranged on the inner surfaces of the reactor casing on the rotor, such that the cylindrical rotor has at least one partly heated section.

Abstract: In an isoolefin-diolefin rubber production process (e.g. a butyl rubber production process), the cold rubber slurry produced in the reaction vessel is transported from the reaction vessel to the flash tank during which time the cold slurry may be expressed to separate at least part of the cold liquid reaction medium from the isoolefin-diolefin rubber. The separated cold liquid reaction medium is transported off stream, for example by a mechanical filter, where it can be recycled back into the reaction vessel and/or where it can be used to cool a feed stream or streams of the reaction components. The isoolefin-diolefin rubber and the residual liquid reaction medium are transported to a flash tank for further processing. The ability to separate and recycle cold liquid reaction medium makes the process more economical.

Abstract: In an isoolefin-diolefin rubber production process (e.g. a butyl rubber production process), the cold rubber slurry produced in the reaction vessel is transported from the reaction vessel to the flash tank during which time the cold slurry may be expressed to separate at least part of the cold liquid reaction medium from the isoolefin-diolefin rubber. The separated cold liquid reaction medium is transported off stream, for example by a mechanical filter, where it can be recycled back into the reaction vessel and/or where it can be used to cool a feed stream or streams of the reaction components. The isoolefin-diolefin rubber and the residual liquid reaction medium are transported to a flash tank for further processing. The ability to separate and recycle cold liquid reaction medium makes the process more economical.

Abstract: A process for producing polymer and more particularly adhesive using a recirculating loop reactor. In one embodiment the reactor includes one or more mixers to mix feed stock with the polymerized material recirculating in the reactor. In another embodiment a planetary roller extruder (PRE) may be used for this purpose. In still another embodiment, a combination of one or more static mixers and one or more PREs may be used.

Abstract: A process for breaking chains of organic molecules in which solid material comprising organic molecules is subjected to a mechanical stretching and squashing action, until it assumes a pasty consistency that by internal friction is subjected to a temperature and pressure increase in the absence of air, which breaks its long molecular bonds and determines the separation of the phases of the components.

Abstract: A reactor system operable to facilitate a chemical reaction in a reaction medium flowing therethrough. The reactor system includes a heat exchanger for heating the reaction medium and a disengagement vessel for disengaging vapor from the heated reaction medium.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a reactor operable to facilitate a chemical reaction in a reaction medium flowing therethrough. The reactor can include a horizontally elongated reactor segment containing a horizontally elongated tubular member and a tray disposed within the tubular member. The reaction medium can flow through the reactor segment on the tray and on the bottom of the tubular member in generally opposite directions. The reactor also can include a header and multiple horizontally elongated reactor segments coupled to the header and spaced vertically apart from one another. The reactor can be used to produce polyesters.

Abstract: A sloped tubular reactor operable to facilitate a chemical reaction in a reaction medium flowing therethrough. The reactor can include a plurality of spaced apart internal trays disposed at different elevations in a downwardly sloping elongated tubular member.

Abstract: A multi-level tubular reactor operable to facilitate a chemical reaction in a reaction medium flowing therethrough. The tubular reactor can include a plurality of horizontally elongated and vertically spaced reactor segments coupled to and extending outwardly from a common header. One or more of the reactor segments can contain a tray that divides the internal volume of the reactor segment into upper and lower chambers. The reaction medium can flow away from the header in the upper chambers and back to the header in the lower chambers.

Abstract: A process for producing terephthalic acid in a TPA facility, polyethylene terephthalate in a PET facility, and containers in a forming facility in which the distance between the TPA facility and the forming facility is less than about 10 miles. There is also described a process for transporting a wet mixture of TPA particles via a convey system to a PET facility. In contrast to traditional processing schemes, the processing steps can be located proximate to each other and can be integrated to eliminate certain intermediate processing steps such as, for example, purification, heating, cooling, and drying.

Abstract: A multi-level tubular reactor operable to facilitate a chemical reaction in a reaction medium flowing therethrough. The tubular reactor can include a plurality of horizontally elongated and vertically spaced tubular members coupled to and extending between a pair of horizontally spaced and vertically elongated headers.

Abstract: A multi-level tubular reactor operable to facilitate a chemical reaction in a reaction medium flowing therethrough. The tubular reactor can include a plurality of horizontally elongated and vertically spaced reactor segments coupled to and extending outwardly from a common header. One or more of the reactor segments can contain a tray that divides the internal volume of the reactor segment into upper and lower chambers. The reaction medium can flow away from the header in the upper chambers and back to the header in the lower chambers.

Abstract: Fractional hydrocarbons are recovered from reclaimed plastic materials and/or from oily residues. The reclaimed plastic materials and/or residues are sorted according to type and compacted using a feed system (1,2,3,4) in the absence of air. Thereafter the compacted mass is fed to a melting tank (7) below the liquid level. There the compacted mass is heated, so that a separation occurs into a first liquid phase, a first gas phase and a residue fraction. Thereafter the liquid phase and the first gas phase are transported into an evaporation tank (20) in which a second liquid phase and a second gas phase are formed under continued heat input. The second liquid phase is transferred to a re-heater (23) and is additionally heated there under further heat input so that a third gas phase is formed.

Abstract: A sloped tubular reactor operable to facilitate a chemical reaction in a reaction medium flowing therethrough. The reactor can include a downwardly sloped tubular member, a flow divider disposed in the tubular member, and one or more internal trays disposed in the tubular member. The flow divider divides flow of the reaction medium among the trays and the bottom of the tubular member.

Abstract: A process for producing polymer and more particularly adhesive using a recirculating loop reactor. In one embodiment the reactor includes one or more mixers to mix feed stock with the polymerized material recirculating in the reactor. In another embodiment a planetary roller extruder (PRE) may be used for this purpose. In still another embodiment, a combination of one or more static mixers and one or more PREs may be used.

Abstract: A horizontal trayed reactor operable to facilitate a chemical reaction in a reaction medium flowing therethrough. The reactor can include a plurality of vertically spaced trays disposed within the horizontally elongated vessel shell. The reaction medium can flow in generally opposite directions on vertically adjacent trays so that the reaction medium flows generally back-and-forth through the reactor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polyester processes that utilizes a pipe reactor in the esterification, polycondensation, or both esterification and polycondensation processes. Pipe reactor processes of the present invention have a multitude of advantages over prior art processes including improved heat transfer, volume control, agitation and disengagement functions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for providing a flow of particulate matter such as a catalyst to a reactor, comprising intermittently adding said particulate matter and a diluent to a mixing tank, and continuously withdrawing a slurry of particulate matter in diluent from the mixing tank for introduction into the reactor, wherein prior to each addition of particulate matter and diluent to the mixing tank, the concentration of particulate matter in the diluent already in the mixing tank is measured or calculated, and the amount of particulate matter and diluent subsequently added is measured so as to achieve the same concentration at the end of the addition as that measured or calculated prior to the addition. Preferably measurement of the amount of particulate mailer and diluent added to the mixing tank is carried out before any diluent is added to the particulate matter.

Abstract: Installation for the gas-phase polymerisation of at least one olefinic monomer, comprising a horizontal stirred reactor (1) consisting of an undivided space, provided with a number of gas feeds (13a-13) in the bottom section of the reactor (1) and a number of liquid feeds (7a-7) in the top section of the reactor (1) and at least two gas outlets (9, 11) at the top of the reactor (1), the installation being provided with means (43, 45) to regulate the discharge capacities of the gas outlets.

Abstract: A reactor and a process for solid phase continuous polymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in order to achieve an increase of the intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) of a low molecular weight PET pre-polymers flow. A plurality of fluidized stages in series (109; 309) are provided and said PET pre-polymers flow is fed into said fluidized stages in series (109; 309). An inert gas flow is fed either in cross-flow or in counter-current flow with respect to the PET pre-polymers flow.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously producing polyester comprises three single reactors, i.e. a single esterification reactor (first reactor), a single initial polymerization reactor (second reactor) and a single final polymerization reactor (third reactor or final polymerizer), where at least one of the first reactor and the second reactor is free from an external stirring power source, or the third reactor is a horizontal, one-shaft-type, low speed rotation type reactor. Necessary number of reactors for the esterification and polycondensation reactions can be a minimum and necessary stirring power consumption for the reaction can be a minimum, and thus polyester polymers of good quality can be efficiently produced at a minimum energy cost in a necessary minimum reactor structure.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polyester processes that utilizes a pipe reactor in the esterification, polycondensation, or both esterification and polycondensation processes. Pipe reactor processes of the present invention have a multitude of advantages over prior art processes including improved heat transfer, volume control, agitation and disengagement functions.

Abstract: A process for breaking chains of organic molecules in which solid material comprising organic molecules is subjected to a mechanical stretching and squashing action, until it assumes a pasty consistency that by internal friction is subjected to a temperature and pressure increase in the absence of air, which breaks its long molecular bonds and determines the separation of the phases of the components.

Abstract: Production of vinyl polymers by the polymerization of vinyl monomers in a planetary gear extruder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous mixing of at least one polyol component and at least one isocyanate component and optionally additives to form a polyurethane reaction mixture in a stirrer mixer with an axially conveying stirrer.

Abstract: A reactor vessel for carrying out solid phase synthesis, particularly the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides, peptides, and combinatorial chemistry is provided. The reactor vessel comprises two or more orifices spaced from one another through which liquids within the vessel can be discharged and has a mounting enabling the vessel to be rotated about an axis so that each orifice can be moved into and out of a discharge position. Each orifice is adapted for closure by removable filtration means which are secured to the vessel to filter liquids discharging through the orifice when the orifice is in the discharge position. Processes for replacing the filtration means and for solid phase synthesis employing the use of an agitator are provided.

Abstract: In a process for preparing polyethylene in tube reactors with or without autoclaves, where a free-radical initiator is introduced with or without cold ethylene into a flowing ethylene- and comonomer-containing medium, rotation is generated between two streams (61, 62) to be mixed at an angle (66) or by provision of a swirl element (20, 80) in the flow cross section (27, 28). In the region of a feed point (72, 81) for a free-radical initiator, there is provided a cross-sectional constriction (63, 67, 71) at which the free-radical initiator is introduced through an optimized off-center outlet opening (44) of an introduction finger (40) into the rotating flow (61, 62, 70).

Abstract: Apparatus for olefin polymerization includes a plurality of shell and tube olefin polymerization reactors, each of which has an olefin polymerization reaction mixture inlet connection and a crude polyolefin product outlet connection. Each reactor is equipped with a recirculation system including a pump arranged to circulate a reaction mixture through the tube side of the reactor independently of the introduction of olefin polymerization reaction mixture into the reactor. The apparatus also includes an inlet reaction mixture distribution manifold and an outlet polymerization reaction mixture collection manifold interconnecting the reactors for operation in parallel. The apparatus also includes catalyst composition and catalyst modifier inlets for each reactor arranged such that a catalyst modifier to may be introduced into each reactor at a rate which is independent of the introduction of catalyst composition.

Abstract: Apparatus for olefin polymerization includes a plurality of shell and tube olefin polymerization reactors, each of which has an olefin polymerization reaction mixture inlet connection and a crude polyolefin product outlet connection. Each reactor is equipped with a recirculation system including a pump arranged to circulate a reaction mixture through the tube side of the reactor independently of the introduction of olefin polymerization reaction mixture into the reactor. The apparatus also includes an inlet reaction mixture distribution manifold and an outlet polymerization reaction mixture collection manifold interconnecting the reactors for operation in parallel. The apparatus also includes catalyst composition and catalyst modifier inlets for each reactor arranged such that a catalyst modifier to may be introduced into each reactor at a rate which is independent of the introduction of catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sparger system provided for appropriately feeding reactant streams to fluidized bed reactors of hydrocarbon partial oxidation processes that are retrofitted to selectively recover and recycle unreacted hydrocarbons. As a result of the sparger system, the reactor productivity and selectivity is enhanced while employing only two spargers. Also, the capital cost required for retrofitting existing sparging equipment is minimized, while at the same time, the desired fluidization and catalyst oxidation characteristics are achieved without the formation of flammable mixtures within the sparging system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing an olefinic thermoplastic elastomer composition, characterized by disposing specific kneading segment at least at one place of the screw on the occasion of manufacturing an olefinic thermoplastic elastomer composition comprising a polyolefin resin and a crosslinked rubber by dynamic crosslinking with a twin screw extruder.

Abstract: A cartridge set (1) for dispensing in-situ foam, with polyol being contained in one cartridge (2) and isocyanate being contained in another cartridge (3), and with both cartridges (2, 3) opening into a common, elongated mixing nozzle (9), via which foam (S) produced from the substances as components is dispensed, wherein portions (18) of expandable graphite are contained at least in one of the cartridges (2, 3).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing calcium sulfide is provided comprising a container housing one or more drums, each drum having a substantially horizontal longitudinal center axis and containing one or more screw conveyors therein. Multiple drums are connected by passageways, and passages are provided for passing material into and out of the container and the drum(s). A heater is provided for supplying heat to the material within the drum(s). The process comprises passing the reactants, gypsum and charcoal, into the container and drum(s), heating the reactants within the drum(s) thereby initiating a chemical reaction converting reactants to products (including calcium sulfide), moving the reactants and products substantially horizontally in the drum(s) through the use of the screw conveyor(s) contained therein, and passing the products out of the drum(s) and the container.

Abstract: The inner wall of a solids reactor for carrying out reactions in the gas phase is coated with an antistatic layer having a thickness of 0.1-800 &mgr;m and consisting essentially of a poly-&agr;-olefin and a nonvolatile antistatic agent.

Abstract: A process for producing polycarbonate designed to improve the quality of polycarbonate as a polymerization product polymer and reduce the investment and operating costs is provided.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a reaction on an organic feed (for example dimerisation, co-dimerisation, oligomerisation or metathesis of olefins) is described in which the catalyst is a catalytic metal compound dissolved in a non-aqueous ionic medium which is not or is only slightly miscible with hydrocarbons. The reaction is carried out in a system comprising at least two treatment loops each comprising at least one reaction zone and at least one zone for separating the organic and polar phases between which the polar medium containing the catalytic metal compound, and the organic phase circulate, in a counter-current, Fresh polar phase is injected into the second loop and used polar phase is eliminated from the first loop. The hydrocarbon to be transformed is injected into the first loop and the products are withdrawn from the second loop. The invention also concerns a unit for carrying out the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device, in particular for the treatment of low-viscosity polymer melts, containing a vessel (1) with a stirrer element, the stirrer element (6) essentially comprising a support structure which passes through the vessel and on which surface formers (8) are arranged. According to the invention, the support structure is designed as a cage-like rod frame (7).This results in the following advantages:1. Owing to the now possible continuous wetting or wiping of the surfaces, encrustations and inhomogeneities are avoided.2. Due to enhanced cascading with weir plates, the residence time spectrum can be controlled, which likewise improves the product quality.3. The flexing of the stirrer element is reduced.

Abstract: A supermicrocellular foamed material and a method for producing such material, the material to be foamed such as a polymerplastic material, having a supercritical fluid, such as carbon dioxide in its supercritical state, introduced into the material to form a foamed fluid/material system having a plurality of cells distributed substantially throughout the material. Cell densities lying in a range from about 109 to about 1015 per cubic centimeter of the material can be achieved with the average cell sizes being at least less than 2.0 microns and preferably in a range from about 0.1 micron to about 1.0 micron.